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ALONZO  L.  BROWN. 


AUG.  15,  1892. 


HISTORY 


OF  THE 


FOURTH  REGIMENT 


OF 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRI  VOLUNTEERS 


DURING  THE 

GREAT  REBELLION 


1861-1865 


BY 

ALONZO  L.  BROWN 


Of  Company  B,  this  Regiment,  and  also  Captain  of  Company  E,  Fiftieth  Regiment, 
United  States  Colored  Infantry. 


ST.  PAUL,  MINN.: 

The  Pioneer  Press  Company. 


Copyright,  1892, 

By  Alonzo  L.  Brown. 
All  rights  reserved. 


4f  i 


PBEFACE. 


The  statements  made  in  this  history  were  nearly  all  com- 
piled from  official  reports,  or  memoranda  made  by  reliable 
persons  of  good  judgment.  I have  no  excuses  to  make  for 
my  style  of  writing  or  ability  to  present  a more  erudite  and 
felicitious  production;  have  copied  quite  freely  from  the  “War 
of  the  Rebellion,”  official  records,  published  by  the  United 
States  Government,  and  in  my  reference  to  the  same  use  fig- 
ures “v.  17,  2,  186,”  which,  as  here  used,  mean  Volume  17, 
Part  2,  page  186,  and  where  such  figures  occur  they  refer  to  those 
volumes. 

T wish  to  acknowledge  my  thanks  to  the  following  named 
persons  who  placed  their  daily  diaries, kept  during  their  service, 
at  my  disposal : Comrade  George  E.  Sly  of  Company  A, 

whose  record  I found  very  accurate  and  reliable;  also,  Lieut. 
Thomas  M.  Young  of  the  same  company;  Hon.  Washington 
Muzzy  of  Company  H;  Capt.  I.  N.  Morrill  and  Lieut.  George 
Baird  of  Company  K;  Adjts.  Wm.  T.  Kittredge  and  W.  W. 
Rich;  Lieut.  John  G.  Janicke  of  Company  G;  Capt.  F.  V. 
De  Coster  of  Company  D;  Lieut.  John  H.  Thurston  of  Com- 
pany C,  who  aided  in  corrections  to  the  roster  and  matters 
connected  therewith;  Col.  R.  S.  Donaldson,  for  his  aid  and 
encouragement.  Alonzo  L.  Brown. 

Brownxon,  Minn.,  June , 1892. 


CONTENTS 


CHAPTER  I. 

Organizing  the  Regiment — Governor  Ramsey’s  Order — Number  of 
Men  to  a Company — How  Promotions  Shall  be  Made— Enlist 
in  My  Company— “The  Officers  Get  There” — Organizing  the 
Companies — Service  at  the  Forts — Funerals  Over  the  Beef — Or- 
dered to  Fort  Snelling — A Regiment  in  Line  of  Battle — Places  of 
Officers,  Color  Guard,  etc.,  when  Companies  Change  Positions — 
Departure  South 17-43 


CHAPTER  II. 


At  Benton  Barracks,  St.  Louis — Drawing  Mules,  and  also  Steel  Vests — 
Leaving  to  Join  Halleck’s  Army  Before  Corinth — On  the  Roe — 
The  Last  Specie  Payment  to  Us— Testing  the  Steel  Vest — At  Fort 
Henry;  Its  Exploded  Cannon — Debark  at  Paris  Landing — March 
to  Paris — Foot  Passengers  Plant  Their  Steel  Vests  on  the  Rail 
Fences — “Sum  Sun” — “Took  a Bite  and  Drummed  into  Line” — 
Ride  on  the  Gladiator  and  Break  It  Down — At  Hamburgh  Land- 
ing— “Bye-Bye,  Shoulder- Scales ! ” — Join  Halleck’s  Army — Roster 
of  Our  Division — March  to  Farmington  and  Borrow  the  Town — 
Operations  Before  Corinth — Piling  Up  the  Earth— Rosecrans  Takes 
Command — Schuyler  Hamilton — Rebel  Bass  Drums;  Cheering; 
Explosion;  Smoke;  Evacuation  and  a Foot  Race — We  are  After 
Them — Early  History  of  Our  Division — A Glance  at  Our  Army 
Events  After  Shiloh — How  the  Rebels  Managed  the  Evacuation — 
Newspaper  Correspondents  “Made  to  Git” — Two  Battery  Boys 
“In  a Fix” — Texas  Cleavers 


44-57 


6 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  III. 

We  March  to  Booneville — Farewell  to  Our  Noah’s  Arks  (Mess  Chests) 
— Burned  Train  of  Cars— Pope  Left  Us — Back  to  Rienzi — To  Clear 
Creek — First  Graybacks — The  Muffled  Drum’s  Sad  Roll — Half 
of  the  Regiment  Sick — The  Angel  of  Death  Comes  Often — Terrible 
March  to  Ripley  and  Back  to  Rienzi — Death  of  Lieutenant  Judd; 
A Lock  of  Hair — Governor  Ramsey  Visits  Us — A Change  of  Com- 
manders— Halleck  Leaves — A Visit  to  Shiloh — Roster  of  Division 
—Charles  S.  Hamilton — Guarding  Rebel  Corn  Fields  and  Wells 
of  Water;  Five  Cents  for  a Canteen  of  Water — Pigs  Nose  About 
Camp  with  Impunity — To  Jacinto — Off  on  a Scout — News  of  In- 
dian Massacre;  Want  to  Go  Home;  Men  Distracted;  Gilman  Goes 
— Good  Foraging;  Peaches  Galore — Receipt  for  Making  Our  Ovens 
— Expect  an  Attack — March  for  Iuka 

CHAPTER  IV. 

Capture  of  Iuka  by  Price’s  Army — Our  Troops  Evacuate  and  Lose  the 
Supplies — Rosecrans  Surprised — Price  Surprised — Battle  of  Iuka 
—List  of  Killed  and  Wounded — Personal  Incidents — Losses  on 
Both  Sides 

CHAPTER  V. 

From  Iuka  to  Corinth  — Battle  of  Corinth  — List  of  Casualties  — Per- 
sonal Incidents 

CHAPTER  VI. 

Pursuing  the  Enemy — The  Hatchie  Battle — To  Bone  Yard  and  South — 
Return  to  Corinth — Formation  Department  of  Tennessee — Poem 
on  Death  of  Captain  Mooers — New  Commanders — March  from 
Corinth — Strict  Orders — Five  Roll  Calls  a Day — Davis’  Mill;  Hogs 
and  Sheep — Grand  Review — First  Horse  Stealing  Expedition; 
Visit  Gideon — To  La  Grange  and  Moscow — Rebels  Borrow  Eleven 
Six-Mule  Teams — Six  Companies  on  a Scout — Colored  Gentleman 
Borrows  Chaplain’s  Horse — To  Holly  Springs;  Oxford;  Yockna — 
The  Seventy-Second  Illinois  Supplies  Us  with  Clothing 

CHAPTER  VII. 

Man  Drummed  Out  of  Service — -Formation  of  Our  Army  Corps — 
Yankee  Pictures  vs.  Confederate  Money — Enemy  Capture  Our 
Supplies  at  Holly  Springs — Our  Big  Scare — We  “ Fall  Back  ” — 
Order  Numbering  Our  Divisions  in  Our  Four  Army  Corps — Cap- 
turing and  Fooling  Quinby’s  Aids — Guarding  Wagon  Train  to 
Memphis  and  Lafayette — Stop  at  White’s  Station;  Build  Stock- 
ades; Lovely  Foraging;  Sixteen  Inches  of  Snow — Roster  of  Our 
Division — List  of  Sick  in  Hospitals— Our  Tents  Crowded;  “Spoon” 
— Leaving  Memphis — Bunche’s  Bend — Down  the  Yazoo  Pass — A 
Brush  with  the  Rebels — Our  Journey  Back  on  the  Pringle — On 
the  Sand  bar — Go  Down  to  Milliken’s  Bend 


58-73 


74-109 


110-134 


135-153 


154-174 


CONTENTS. 


7 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

Running  by  the  Vicksburg  Batteries;  Names  of  the  Boats;  Particulars 
from  Both  Sides;  Brilliant  Description  by  a Lady  in  Vicksburg — 
Organizing  Freedmen  as  Soldiers — Adjutant  General  Thomas’ 

Speech  to  Us — Officers  Commissioned ; Extra  Dangerous  Service — 

More  Boats  Run  by  the  Batteries — We  March  from  the  Bend — 

High  Water;  Deep  Mud — Fourteen  Span  of  Horses  Pulling  a 
Caisson — Gunboats  Bombard  Grand  Gulf  and  Run  by  Those  Bat- 
teries— Battle  of  Port  Gibson;  Troops  Engaged — Leave  Our  Tents 
and  Teams  at  Smith’s  Plantation — Cross  the  Mississippi  River — 

Form  in  Support  of  McClernand’s  Troops;  then  March  to  Port 
Gibson— Battle  of  Forty  Hills — Hankinson’s  Ferry — Support  Lo- 
gan’s Troops  at  Raymond — Corn  in  the  Ear — Living  Off  of  the 
Country — Borrow  a Cigar  Factory  at  Clinton — Battle  at  Jackson — 

Captain  Martin  R rises  Flag  ou  State  House — March  for  Vicks- 
burg— Battle  of  Champion’s  Hill 175-207 

CHAPTER  IX. 

At  Edward’s  Depot — Bridging  the  Big  Black  River — On  to  Vicksburg — 
Description  of  the  Ground  upon  which  the  City  is  Built — Forma- 
tion of  the  Lines — Assault  on  the  Twenty-Second  of  May;  Inci- 
dents and  Official  Reports — Rebel  Account — List  of  Our  Casual- 
ties— Draw  Our  First  Full  Rations— March  to  Meclranicsburg  and 
Return — Incidents  of  the  Siege — Lifting  Fort  Hill — Wooden  Mor- 
tars— Siege  Batteries — Letter  from  Colonel  Offley — Rebel  Ten- 
Inch  Mortar  Shells — Coonskin’s  Tower — Liquid  Hardware  as 
Canned  Goods — Official  Statement  of  Losses  in  Our  Army  from 
May  1 to  July  4,  1863 208-232 


CHAPTER  X. 

Roster  of  Our  Division  and  Also  of  Logan’s  Division — Flag  of  Truce — 
Surrender  of  Vicksburg— Terms  Accorded  the  Enemy — McPher- 
son’s Congratulatory  Order — Standing  on  Fort  Hill — Rebels  Stack- 
ing Their  Arms — Brass  Baud  Plays  at  Sherley’s  House — Colonel 
Strong’s  Party  Hoist  the  Flag  of  the  Seventeenth  Army  Corps  on 
the  Courthouse — Letter  from  General  Clarke— The  Troops  March- 
ing In— Sharing  the  Honors — Our  Officers  Purchase  New  Uniforms; 
and  Our  Brigade  was  the  First  One  to  the  Courthouse — “Git 
Down  Off  Dat  Mule  ” — A City  of  Caves— Extracts  from  the  Wall- 
Paper  Edition  of  the  Daily  Citizen;  Grant  Caught  His  Rabbit — 
Removing  Street  Barricades — Closing  the  River  in  1861 — Our  Regi- 
ment Moves  In — Paroling  the  Rebel  Army — Official  Reports — On 
Provost  Duty— List  of  Sick  in  Hospitals — Colonel  Sanborn’s 
Farewell  Order  to  His  Brigade  — We  Go  to  Helena  and  to 
Memphis 233-259 


8 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  XI. 


Leave  Memphis  and  Go  to  Corinth ; then  to  Iuka—  Repairing  Bear  Creek 
Bridge — We  Go  into  the  Fifteenth  Army  Corps— Leave  for  Chatta- 
nooga— Cross  the  Tennessee  River — Our  Convalescents  and  Dis- 
abled Ones  Leave  Us — Daily  Journal  of  the  March;  Distance, 

Weather  and  Other  Particulars— Short  of  Rations — Details  Go  to 
Decherd;  Forage  Trains  Go  Out — Pass  Plenty  of  Mules  that  Had 
Starved  to  Death  (of  Rosecrans’  Army) — Go  Up  the  Cumberland 
Mountains  to  the  Summit;  Down  Sweden’s  Cove — Cross  Tennes- 
see River  at  Bridgeport — To  Brown’s  Ferry  and  Cross — Camp  Near 
to  Crane’s  Hill  Across  from  Chattanooga — Pontoons  in  North 
Chickamauga — We  Cross  the  Tennessee  River — Advance  as  Skirm- 
ishers— Capture  Enemy’s  Scouts,  and  Fire  the  First  Shots  from 
Sherman’s  Army — Battle  of  Missionary  Ridge— Pursue  the  Enemy 
— Quarter  Rations — Living  on  Hope — To  Bridgeport  and  Hunts- 
ville— Big  Foraging  Expedition — Annual  Return  for  1863 — To 
Whitesburg  and  Return — Enlist  as  Veterans — Trip  to  Minnesota— 

Capture  La  Crosse — Arrive  at  St  Paul  and  Go  Home 260-286 


CHAPTER  XII. 


Return  from  “Vet.”  Furlough — Roster  of  Those  Returning — Our  Trip 
Back  to  Huntsville — List  of  Sick  and  Wounded  in  Hospitals — 

Roster  of  the  Third  Division — Leave  Huntsville  for  Kingston — 

Great  Suffering  from  Heat  on  the  Road;  Men  and  Mules  Sunstruck 
and  a Caisson  Explodes — Embark  on  Cars  at  Stevenson — Arrive  at 
Kingston — March  to  AUatoona  and  Garrison  the  Post — Historic 
Ground — Description  of  Surrounding  Country — Engine  Thieves — 

Roster  of  Third  Division  and  Also  Field  and  Staff,  Army  of  the 
Tennessee — Expedition  Up  the  Railroad — Officers  Getting  There; 
Governor  Miller  Commissions  Six  Citizens  Second  Lieutenants, 
who  Recruit  Thirty  Men  Each  to  Fill  Up  the  Ranksof  the  Regiment 
so  Our  Officers  can  be  Promoted,  and  Violatesthe  Plighted  Faith  of  ’ 
the  State  to  Its  Soldiers — Great  Injustice  and  Dissatisfaction — 
“Atlanta  Ours  and  Fairly  Won” — Summary  of  Campaign — Hood’s 
Army  Circles  Around  Ouis — Our  Non-Veterans  Want  Their  Dis- 
charges and  Can’t  Get  Them;  Are  Kept  In  to  Swell  theNumbers  so 
Officers  Can  be  Promoted — French’s  Division  Strikes  Our  “ Cracker 
Line”  at  Big  Shanty  and  Destroys  It — Capture  Big  Shanty  and 
Acwortli — They  March  for  Allatoona 287-304 


CONTENTS. 


9 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

Battle  of  Allatoona— List  ofCasualties — Official  Reports — Personal  In- 
cidents— The  Foot-Bridge — Depth  of  Railroad  Cut — Letter  from 
Postmaster  at  Allatoona — Poem — Letter  Sending  Flags  Home — 
Description  of  the  Captured  Flags — Names  of  Signal  Officers  and 
Men  at  Allatoona  and  Kenesaw — Letters  from  Them — The  His- 
toric Messages 305-329 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

Corse  and  Troops  Leave  for  Rome — Sherman  and  His  Army  Arrives — • 

New  Recruits  Under  “The  New  Issue”  Arrive — Our  Drove  of 
Eight  Thousand  Head  of  Cattle  Passes  to  the  Front — Our  Non-Vet- 
erans Leave  for  Minnesota — We  Vote  for  President  of  the  United 
States  — Sick  and  Wounded  Sent  North  on  Cars  to  Tennessee  — 
Stripping  for  Our  March  to  Savannah — Annual  Official  Returns  for 
1864 — Receive  Our  Last  Payment  until  Our  Final  Muster-Out — - 
All  Surplus  Baggage  and  Property  Sent  to  the  Rear  — The 
Eighteenth  Wisconsin  Goes  Home  on  “ Vet.”  Furlough — March  to 
Atlanta — What  Sherman  Says  Aboutthe  Composition  of  His  Army, 

His  Purpose  and  His  Orders  for  the  Campaign — Leave  Atlanta — 
Foragers’  Marks  on  Objects— “Ten  Minutes’  March  and  Twenty 
Minutes’  Standstill;  Weight  on  Left  Leg  and  Head  Under 
Wing” — Our  Regiment  Destroys  a Mile  and  a Half  of  Railroad — 

In  Clover — Several  Hundred  Extra  Horses  Shot — Burning  Cotton- 
Gin  House  and  “Rebs”  Hid  in  It — Arrive  Near  to  Savannah — 

Mussel  Stews — Fort  McAllister  Ours — Vessels  in  the  Offing — 
Savannah  Ours — Strength  of  Our  Army — Summary  of  Results  of 
the  Campaign 330-359 

CHAPTER  XV. 

Leaving  Savannah — The  Dike  Across  the  River — Water  Falling;  Water 
Rising — Battle  the  Elements;  Get  Whipped  and  Return — Forma- 
tion of  Our  Army;  of  the  Right  and  Left  Wings — By  Steamship  to 
Beaufort— Salt-Water  Coffee — Leave  Beaufort — Charge  Through 
Duck  Creek — Big  “Gater” — Cross  the  Saulkehatchie — Twist  the 
Railroad  at  Bamberg — March  for  Columbia — Our  Army  on  the 
Opposite  Bluff — Capture  of  Columbia — “God  Bress  You,  I’se  Free 
Now!” — Drunken  Soldiers  and  Negroes  Fire  the  City — Destroying 
Arsenal  Stores — Old  Revolutionary  Relics — Leaving  Columbia — - 
Little  Lynch’s  Creek — Ramrod  Test — In  the  Wilderness — “Death 
to  All  Foragers;”  Two  Rebels  Shot  in  Retaliation — Big  Water 
at  Big  Lynch’s  Creek — Big  Black  Creek — Raid  to  Florence — At 
Cheraw — From  a Starve  to  a Feast — March  for  Fayetteville — Cor- 
duroy— Terrible  Night  at  Shoe  Heel  Creek — At  Antioch  Church — 
Fayetteville — Leave  Fayetteville  — More  Wilderness  — Marching 
Over,  Under  and  Through  the  Country— Cross  Black  River 360-390 


10 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

Battle  of  Bentonville — March  to  Goldsboro — Make  Out  Pay  Rolls  and 
Throw  Them  Away — Many  are  Barefooted ; All  are  Ragged — News 
from  God’s  Country  Once  More — Beautiful  Camp — Reorganizing 
Our  Army;  Its  Roster — Leave  Goldsboro — Citizens  Delighted  to 
See  Us— News  of  Lee’s  Surrender — Enter  Raleigh — A Memorable 
Fourteenth  of  April;  Raising  Our  Flag  at  Fort  Sumter  and  Assas- 
sination of  President  Lincoln — Receive  News  of  the  Assassina- 
tion— Reviewed  by  Grant,  Sherman,  Meade,  Sheridan,  Smith  and 
Others — Johnston’s  Army  Surrenders — Terms  of  Surrender — Our 
Division  “Broken  Up  ” — “God  Bless  You  All!  ” — -Mourning  in  the 
Smith  Family  of  Officers — In  Wood’s  Brigade  of  Wood’s  Division 391-  ilO 

CHAPTER  XVII. 

March  from  Raleigh  for  Richmond — To  March  by  “ Easy  Stages  Ten 
Miles  a Day  and  to  Rest  Over  Sundays,’’  but  We  March  Twenty- 
Six  Miles  and  More — Commanders  Racing  Their  Troops  to  Death — 

Most  Damnable  Treatment — Beautiful  Country — Union  People — 

“Bress  de  Lord,We’s  Glad  to  See  Ye!  ” — Pass  Iron  Post  and  Enter 
“ Old  Virginia” — No  Foraging  Whatever— “Geese  Strut  and  Look 
Wise” — Splendid  Discipline  of  Our  Army — March  in  Review  Before 
Logan  and  Through  Petersburg  to  Manchester  Opposite  Rich- 
mond— March  through  Richmond  for  Washington— Colored  Chil- 
dren Bring  Bouquets  of  Flowers  and  Cups  of  Water — Their  “ Year 
of  Jubilee  ” Has  Come — PassLibby  Prison — Cross  Chickahominy — 
Pamunky  and  Other  Rivers — Through  Fredericksburg — Dum- 
fries— Mount  Vernon — With  Uncovered  Heads  by  the  Tomb  of 
Washington — Reach  Alexandria— Disagreeable  Camp — Mud;  No 
Wood;  Guards  Around  Camp;  No  Pay;  Short  Rations;  Army  of 
Potomac  Fat  and  Hearty — The  Grand  Review — Our  Regiment 
Leads  Sherman’s  Army — Poem,  “ The  Last  Review  ” 411-425 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 

Leaving  Washington  for  Louisville — Orders  of  Sherman  and  Grant  to 
the  Army,  “The  Time  has  Come  for  Us  to  Part” — Embark  at 
Parkersburg — At  Louisville — Rusty  Pork  for  Rations — No  Pay — 

Ordered  to  Drill  Four  Plours  a Day — The  Home  Guards  Kick — A 
Mutiny  in  the  Regiment — Eighteen  Heroes  Sent  to  the  Guard- 
house— “God  Bless  Them!  They  Did  Just  Right” — The  Dove  of 
Peace  Hovers  Over  Us;  the  Mutiny  Only  an  Error  and  a Fault — - 
Logan’s  Farewell  Address — Honorary  Commissions — Muster  for 
Discharge  Out  of  the  Service — Leave  Louisville  for  Minnesota — 

Are  Guests  at  Milwaukee  of  Eighteenth  Wisconsin— Arrival  at  St. 

Paul— Sign  Pay  Rolls  and  Receive  Final  Discharge 426-438 


CONTENTS. 


11 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

The  Quartermaster’s  Department — The  Brass  Band — Roster  of  Duty 
Officers — List  of  Dead  in  National  Cemeteries — Members’  Services 
in  Other  Commands — Final  Roster  of  the  Regiment — Reunions 
Since  the  War 439-581 


APPENDIX. 

The  Ram  Fleet  and  Marine  Brigade — Pay  Tables  of  Officers  and  En- 
listed Men— List  of  Battles  and  Record  of  Events — Number  of 
Troops  Furnished  by  the  States  for  the  Union  Army — Total  Num- 
ber of  Men  in  the  Union  Army  at  Different  Times — Aggregate 
Force  of  the  Union  Armies — Confederate  Forces  Surrendered  at 
the  Close  of  the  War — Poem.  “ What  Did  the  Privates  Do?” 582-592 


Addendum  — Eratta 


593-594 


MAPS  AND  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Opposite 

Page 

Portrait  of  Alonzo  L.  Brown  (Frontispiece),  ...  1 

My  Hero,  The  Enlisted  Man,  at  Shoulder  Anns,  . . 14 

Portrait  of  Gen.  John  B.  Sanborn  (Steel  Plate),  ...  18 

Portrait  of  George  E.  Sly  of  Company  A,  . . .44 

Portrait  of  Charles  H.  Brown  of  Company  B,  60 

Map  of  the  Battlefield  of  Inka,  Miss.,  ....  74 

Map  of  the  Battlefield  of  Corinth,  Miss.,  . . . 112 

Picture  of  Tishomingo  Hotel  and  Depot  at  Corinth,  . . . 130 

Portrait  of  Leo  Cook  of  Company  B,  144 

Portrait  of  John  H.  Thurston  of  Company  C,  ...  150 

Picture  of  the  Battle  Ground  at  Jackson,  Miss.,  . . . 194 

Map  of  the  Battlefield  of  Champion’s  Hill,  Miss.,  . . . 200 

Picture  Showing  the  Front  of  the  Seventh  Division  During  the  Siege 

of  Yicksburgh,  from  Fort  Hill  to  the  Solith,  . . . 210 

Three  War-Time  Scenes  at  Yicksburgh,  Showing  Washington  Street 
and  “The  Point”  up  the  River,  Sherley’s  House  Near  to  Fort  Hill, 

Looking  East  from  the  Courthouse,  ....  238 

Picture  of  Marble  Monument  Erected  Between  the  Lines  on  the  Site 

of  the  Celebrated  Grant  and  Pemberton  Oak  Tree  at  Yicksburgh,  248 

Portraits  of  Our  Regimental  Brass  Band  Taken  at  Huntsville,  Ala.,  290 

Maps  of  Country  from  Kingston  to  Atlanta,  Ga.,  . . . 292 

Map  of  the  Battlefield  of  Allatoona,  Ga.,  . . . 308 

Picture  Looking  North  to  Allatoona  Heights  and  Pass,  from  a War- 

Time  Photograph,  ......  314 

Portrait  of  Samuel  B.  Brown  of  Company  B,  . . . 320 

Picture  Looking  South  from  Western  Redoubt  at  Allatoona  to  Kene- 

saw  Mountain,  .......  322 

Picture  Looking  North  to  Allatoona  Heights  and  Pass,  Taken  in  1888,  336 

Portrait  of  William  T.  Churchill  of  Company  B,  . . . 376 

Portrait  of  H.  R.  Marcyes  of  Company  I,  Leader  of  Brass  Band,  . 444 

Portrait  of  Alonzo  L.  Brown,  .....  462 


INTRODUCTION 


My  Hero,  The  Enlisted  Man. 


Heels  on  the  same  line,  as  near  each  other  as  the  conformation  of  the  man 
will  permit. 

The  feet  turned  out  equally,  and  forming  with  each  other  something  less 
than  a right  angle. 

The  knees  straight  without  stiffness. 

The  body  erect  on  the  hips,  inclining  a little  forward. 

The  shoulders  square  and  hilling  equally. 

The  arms  hanging  naturally. 

The  elbows  near  the  body. 

The  palm  of  the  hand  turned  a little  to  the  front,  the  little  finger  behind 
the  seam  of  the  pantaloons. 

The  head  erect  and  square  to  the  front,  without  constraint. 

The  chin  near  the  stock,  without  covering  it. 

The  eyes  fixed  straight  to  the  front,  and  striking  the  ground  about  the  dis- 
tance of  fifteen  paces. 

By  permission  from  D.  Van  Nostrand. 


Casey’s  Infantry  Tactics. 


HISTORY 


FOURTH  REGIMENT 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


CHAPTER  I. 

Organizing  the  Regiment;  Governor  Ramsey’s  Order  — Number  of  Men  to  a 
Company  — How  Promotions  Shall  Be  Made  — “ Enlist  in  My  Company  ” — 
“The  Officers  Get  There” — Organizing  the  Companies  — Service  at  the 
Forts  — Funerals  Over  the  Beef — Ordered  to  Fort  Snelling — A Regiment 
in  Line  of  Battle;  Places  of  Officers,  Color  Guard,  etc. — When  Companies 
Change  Positions  — Departure  South. 


General  Headquarters,  State  of  Minnesota, 

Adjutant  General’s  Office, 

St.  Paul,  Minn.,  April  24,  1861. 

General  Orders,  No.  2: 

First — The  resignation  of  Adjt.  Gen.  Wm.  H.  Acker  is  hereby  accepted, 
to  take  effect  on  Wednesday,  the  twenty-fourth  day  of  April  instant. 

Second  — Col.  John  B.  Sanborn  is  hereby  announced  as  the  adjutant  general 
and  acting  quartermaster  general  of  the  State  of  Minnesota,  in  place  of  Wm. 
H.  Acker  resigned,  and  will  he  obeyed  and  respected  accordingly. 

Alex.  Ramsey, 

Governor  and  Commander-in-CMef. 


2 


IS 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1861 


Headquarters  State  of  Minnesota, 

Adjutant  General’s  Office, 

St.  Paul,  Sept.  18, 1861. 

General  Orders,  No.  18: 

The  Secretary  of  War,  in  his  dispatch  to  the  Governor  of  the  seventeenth 
instant,  having  called  upon  him  “to  adopt  measures  to  organize  two  more 
infantry  regiments  at  the  earliest  date  possible,”  the  commander-in-chief  in 
pursuance  of  said  call  hereby  directs  the  organization  of  two  more  regiments  of 
infantry,  to  be  mustered  into  the  service  and  pay  of  the  United  States  for  three 
years,  or  during  the  war,  to  consist  of  ten  companies  each,  and  to  be  designated, 
respectively,  as  the  “Third  Regiment  of  Minnesota  Volunteers  ” and  “Fourth 
Regiment  of  Minnesota  Volunteers.”  The  Third  Regiment  to  be  retained  at 
Fort  Snelling  until  it  is  fully  organized  and  called  into  active  service.  The 
Fourth  Regiment  to  be  retained  to  garrison  the  forts  on  the  frontier.  Com- 
panies and  men  entering  the  service  under  this  order  may  elect  the  regiment 
into  which  they  will  be  mustered.  Each  company  must  be  organized  as 
follows,  viz. : 


Minimum. 

1 Captain. 

1 First  Lieutenant. 

1 Second  Lieutenant. 

1 First  Sergeant. 

4 Sergeants. 

8 Corporals. 

2 Musicians. 

1 Wagoner. 

64  Privates. 

83 


Maximum. 

1 Captain. 

1 First  Lieutenant. 

1 Second  Lieutenant. 

1 First  Sergeant. 

4 Sergeants. 

8 Corporals. 

2 Musicians. 

1 Wagoner. 

82  Privates. 

101 


In  view  of  the  necessity  of  relieving  the  command  at  Fort  Ridgely  at  the 
earliest  day,  possible  the  commander-in-chief  desires  two  companies  of  the 
Fourth  Regiment  to  report  forthwith  at  Fort  Snelling  for  that  purpose,  and 
the  companies  that  first  so  report  will  be  mustered  immediately  into  the  ser- 
vice and  pay  of  the  United  States,  and  be  designated,  respectively,  as  Company 
A and  B of  said  regiment.  And  all  other  companies,  and  parts  of  companies, 
and  individuals  desirous  of  entering  the  service  of  the  United  States  in  this 
regiment  will  report  at  Fort  Snelling,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  October, 
A.  D.  1861,  or  as  soon  thereafter  as  possible. 

All  companies  filled  to  the  minimum  number  and  organized  for  the  Third 
Regiment  will  report  at  Fort  SnelliDg  on  the  twenty-fifth  day  of  September 
instant.  And  all  companies  and  parts  of  companies  and  individuals  that  are 
desirous  of  entering  the  service  in  said  regiment  will  report  at  Fort  Snelling 
subsequent  to  the  twenty-fifth  instant,  and  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  Octo- 
ber, or  as  soon  thereafter  as  possible.  Companies  and  captains  of  companies 
in  said  regiments  will  take  position  and  rank  according  to  date  of  being  mus- 
tered into  the  service  of  the  United  States. 


1861] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


19 


All  transportation  of  companies  and  individuals  entering  the  service  in  the 
above  regiments  will  he  paid  for  by  the  government  at  a rate  not  exceeding 
two  cents  per  mile,  to  he  computed  from  their  place  of  enlistment  to  their 
place  of  rendezvous  by  the  nearest  traveled  route. 

In  view  of  the  urgency  of  this  call,  and  the  fact  that  the  glorious  flag  of  the 
Republic  continues  to  he  assailed  by  an  open,  armed  rebellion,  more  formidable 
and  wicked  than  was  ever  before  plotted  against  any  government,  threatening 
to  destroy  the  work  of  our  ancestors,  and  subvert  all  republican  institutions, 
the  commander-in-chief  confidently  expects  that  the  brave  and  loyal  sons  of 
Minnesota  will  most  promptly  respond  and  go  forth  as  one  man  in  their  zeal 
and  might  to  put  down  this  rebellion  and  enforce  the  laws,  thereby  adding 
new  luster  to  the  fame  already  won  for  our  young  state  by  the  gallant  and 
undaunted  “First.”  The  commander-in-chief  most  confidently  expects  that 
those  counties  of  the  state  that  have  not  furnished  one  company  for  this  war 
will  most  eagerly  embrace  this  opportunity  to  attest  their  patriotism  and  valor 
and  willingness  to  perform  an  equal  part  to  preserve  the  government  which 
confers  equal  blessings  upon  all. 

By  order  of  the  commander-in-chief. 

. John  B.  Sanborn, 

Adjutant  General. 


Under  date  of  Oct.  30,  1861,  Adjutant  General  Sanborn 
issued  the  following  General  Orders,  No.  22  : 

It  is  announced  that  the  following  companies  are  accepted  for  the  Fourth 
Regiment  of  Minnesota  Volunteers  : Company  A,  Scott  County  Guard,  Cap- 

tain Baxter;  Company  B,  McLeod  County  Guard,  Captain  Edson;  Company  C, 
Dakota  County  Volunteers,  Captain  Donaldson;  Company  D,  Le  Sueur  Steele 
County  Guards,  Captain  Le  Gro  [this  of  D was  perhaps  a mistake— Ed.],  and 
the  following  organization  and  parts  of  companies,  each  numbering  over  forty 
men  and  having  a first  lieutenant  already  commissioned,  and  at  present  rec- 
ognizing the  following  named  parties  as  captains,  are  accepted,  viz. : Sher- 

burne County  Guards,  Captain  White;  Valley  Sharpshooters,  Captain  Tour- 
tellotte;  St.  Cloud  German  Volunteers,  Captain  Lueg;  Parker’s  Rifle  Zouaves, 
Captain  Parker;  Mower  County  Guards,  Captain  Mooers. 

All  organizations  of  recruits  mustered  into  said  regiment,  not  included  in 
the  company  or  organization  above  named  and  accepted,  may  he  attached  to 
either  of  the  above  named  organizations  that  its  members  may  choose,  and  the 
members  of  said  organizations  will  signify  their  choice  to  the  mustering  offi- 
cer at  as  early  a day  as  possible. 

In  making  this  announcement  the  commander-in-chief  would  at  the  same 
time  call  the  attention  of  the  people  of  the  state  to  the  fact  that  Minnesota 
has  already  furnished  her  quota  of  forces  demanded  by  the  general  govern- 
ment. He  would,  however,  express  the  hope  that  she  will  not  stop  even  here, 
but,  like  many  of  her  loyal  sister  states,  continue  to  offer  to  the  nation  com- 
pany after  company  of  the  best  and  bravest  of  her  sons,  until  this  unholy  and 
unjust  rebellion  is  completely  subdued. 


20 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1861 


General  Orders,  No.  24,  of  Nov.  5,  1861,  announced  the  fol- 
lowing officers  for  the  Fourth  Regiment:  Colonel,  John  B. 

Sanborn  of  Ramsey  county;  lieutenant  colonel,  Minor  T. 
Thomas  of  Washington  county;  major,  Lieut.  A.  Edwards 
Welch  of  Goodhue  county.  All  of  these  officers  were  com- 
missioned on  this  date.  As  Lieutenant  Welch  was  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  captured  and  held  a prisoner  by  the 
enemy,  he  could  not  muster  in.  Adjutant  General  Sanborn 
tendered  his  resignation  as  adjutant  general,  to  take  effect  on 
or  before  Jan.  1,  1862. 

The  following  instructions  were  issued  by  Adjutant  General 
Sanborn  under  date  of  Nov.  29,  1861: 

To  the  Commissioned  Officers  of  the  Minnesota  Volunteers, 

Gentlebien:  It  is  deemed  proper  to  announce,  for  the  benefit  of  all  con- 

cerned, the  principles  governing  the  state  authorities  in  organizing  new  regi- 
ments and  in  making  promotions  after  regiments  have  been  fully  organized. 
It  is  of  the  utmost  importance  in  a volunteer  service  like  the  present  to  secure 
and  continue  the  support  of  all  parties  and  every  section  of  the  state,  as  public 
feeling  and  sentiment  and  the  public  interests  are  at  a time  like  the  present 
closely  united.  Hence  the  locality  of  men  to  be  appointed,  the  service  ren- 
dered in  raising  volunteers,  etc.,  must  be  taken  into  consideration,  and  will 
have  great  weight  in  all  cases,  except  when  parties  can  he  found  of  military 
education,  experience  and  capacity,  who  are  willing  to  enter  the  service  and 
take  command.  In  organizing  new  regiments,  all  appointments,  whether  con- 
ferred upon  citizens  of  the  state,  or  upon  men  in  the  rank  and  file  of  older 
regiments,  are  appointments  de  novo,  and  are  not  promotions  in  a military 
sense,  hut  are  made  upon  the  principles  above  indicated.  And  it  is  desired 
that  these  appointments  should  not  be  looked  upon  in  the  light  of  promotions. 
It  is  considered  that  a promotion  is  a transfer  of  an  officer  of  one  rank  to  the 
office  of  another  rank  of  higher  grade  already  in  existence.  But  in  making  ap- 
pointments for  new  regiments,  the  appointment  and  commission  create  the 
office.  So  when  appointments  and  commissions  fora  new  regiment  are  con- 
ferred upon  officers  of  the  older  regiments,  it  is  not  to  he  understood  or  inferred 
that  it  is  done  by  promotion  or  on  account  of  extraordinarily  meritorious  con- 
duct, hut  because,  in  view  of  all  the  circumstances  and  considerations  that 
should  enter  into  the  determination  of  the  matter,  and  especially  the  locality 
of  the  appointee,  such  appointment  is  deemed  to  he  the  best  for  the  service 
and  the  country.  The  following  rule  of  promotion  will  be  applied  in  filling 
all  vacancies  occurring  in  regiments  after  they  are  once  fully  organized  and 
have  passed  beyond  the  immediate  control  of  the  state  government. 

Promotions  to  field  offices  will  he  made  regimentally;  to  line  offices  by 
companies.  Each  regiment  and  each  company  will  for  this  purpose  be  consid- 
ered a separate  military  organization,  and  not  a part  of  the  Minnesota  army 
nor  a part  of  a corps  de  armee;  and  no  promotions  will  be  made  from  one  regi- 


1861] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


21 


ment  to  another,  nor  from  one  company  to  another.  The  above  rule  will  be 
adhered  to  in  all  cases,  unless  the  commanding  officer  of  the  regiment  shall 
represent  that  the  party  entitled  to  be  promoted  under  the  rule  is  incompetent 
for  the  position  vacated.  In  adopting  this  rule  we  are  conscious  that  it  does 
not  conform  to  the  rules  of  the  regular  army  of  the  United  States.  But  you 
will  see  there  is  a wide  difference  between  the  volunteer  and  the  regular  ser- 
vice. In  the  regular  service  men  are  enlisted  from  various  sections  of  the  coun- 
try, with  no  acquaintance  and  with  no  attachment  for  each  other,  and  the  men 
enlist  as  privates,  with  little  if  any  hope  of  promotion,  and  are  usually  a differ- 
ent class  of  men,  with  aspirations  and  ambitions  far  inferior  to  those  who  en- 
list in  the  volunteer  service.  Many  of  these  are  among  the  most  respectable  of 
our  citizens,  and  whole  companies  generally  come  from  the  same  neighborhood 
or  county,  feeling  often  as  if  they  were  members  of  the  same  family,  and 
claiming,  as  it  now  seems  to  us,  rightly,  that  whatever  office,  honor  or  emolu- 
ment falls  to  any  one  company  should  be  conferred  upon  that  alone,  and  not  be 
transferred  to  others  no  more  meritorious.  The  enlisted  men  of  each  company 
qualified  for  the  position  of  commissioned  officers,  of  whom  there  are  many  in 
our  regiments,  are,  as  it  seems  to  us,  entitled  to  chances  of  promotion  the  same 
and  to  the  same  extent  as  the  commissioned  officers. 

This  opportunity  the  men  of  each  company  could  not  have  if  promotions 
were  by  the  rule  of  the  regular  army.  There  would  seem  to  be  little  j ustice 
in  a rule  that,  when  a company  by  extraordinary  exposure  and  valor  on  the  field 
of  battle  should  lose  one,  two  or  three  of  its  officers,  would  supply  their  places 
with  men  from  another  company  less  exposed.  The  same  reasoning  would  ap- 
ply with  greater  force  to  regiments.  For  the  above  reasons,  with  many  others, 
the  rule  above  stated  seems  to  us  at  present  to  be  the  most  equitable  and  just 
toward  all  the  officers  and  men  of  our  volunteer  service.  But  we  have  no  such 
pride  of  opinion  in  regard  to  this  matter  as  will  induce  us  to  adhere  to  the  rule 
for  a single  moment  after  it  shall  be  made  to  appear  to  work  inequitably,  or 
the  reason  for  it  ceases  to  exist,  or  any  other  or  better  rule  be  adopted  by  other 
states  or  the  federal  government  and  brought  to  our  attention. 

“Enlist  in  My  Company!” 

Recruiting  men  for  the  various  companies  of  these  regiments 
soon  began, and  the  tricks, palaver  and  “soft  soap”  of  the  politi- 
cal candidate,  who  asks  the  voter  about  the  health  of  his  family 
and  distant  relatives,  were  soon  manifested,  and  the  misrepre- 
sentations, lies  and  impositions  that  were  practiced  by  some  of 
those  who  were  working  for  recruits,  in  order  that  they  might 
become  officers  in  some  of  the  companies,  would  cause  Ananias, 
the  patron  saint  of  liars,  to  blush  for  shame.  “Enlist  in 
my  company  and  I will  make  you  orderly  sergeant  or  sergeant 
or  corporal,  musician  or  company  clerk!”  The  latter  was 
thought  to  be  a very  valuable  office,  and  some  of  the  men  were 


22  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861 

informed  that  the  salary  attached  to  it  was  about  equal  to  that 
of  a captain ; whereas,  the  clerk  was  a detailed  man  from  the 
ranks  and  only  receivedhis  usual  pay.  Half  a dozen  men,  per- 
haps, would  be  promised  the  same  office,  and  after  the}7  were 
sworn  in  and  they  discovered  the  impositions  and  chicanery 
that  had  been  practiced  upon  them,  it  was  fatal  to  the  character 
of  many  of  those  officers  for  truth.  But  they  seemed  to  care 
nothing  for  that.  They  had  got  in;  donned  their  shoulder- 
straps,  “ old  cheese  knives,”  and  were  ready  to  be  respected 
and  obeyed  accordingly.  Our  victims  soon  discovered  that 
they  were  not,  as  soldiers,  controlled  by  a republican  form  of 
government,  but  by  martial  law,  and  that  little  errors  or  indis- 
cretions that  would  not  be  noticed  in  civil  life  were,  according 
to  military  law,  punished  with  the  most  severe  penalties,  and 
the  code  of  punishment  in  the  army  regulations  which  pre- 
scribed among  its  penalties  “ shall  suffer  death  or  such  other 
punishment  as  shall  be  inflicted  by  the  sentence  of  a court 
martial,”  occurred  with  alarming  frequency. 


EARLY  HISTORY  OF  COMPANY  A. 

BY  T.  M.  YOUNG  AND  GEO.  E.  SLY. 

In  the  summer  of  1861  there  was  organized  at  Belle  Plaine, 
Scott  county,  a company  of  militia  called  the  Scott  Guards,  of 
which  R.  B.  Young  was  elected  captain.  This  company,  on 
Sept.  26,  1861,  united  with  the  Carver  Grays,  of  which  L.  L. 
Baxter  was  captain,  in  order  to  get  into  the  Fourth  Regiment 
as  Company  A.  It  was  the  agreement  that  L.  L.  Baxter 
should  be  the  captain  and  R.  B.  Young  the  first  lieutenant 
of  the  new  company. 

Soon  after  muster,  the  company  was,  with  Company  B, 
ordered  to  Fort  Ridgely,  Minn.,  to  relieve  two  companies  of 
the  Second  Minnesota  Infantry  on  duty  at  that  post.  On 
arrival  at  Ridgely  the  men  were  at  once  put  on  duty,  and  almost 
constantly  drilled  when  off  of  duty,  in  order  to  make  them  as 
efficient  as  possible  before  the  extreme  cold  weather  set  in, 
when  drilling  outside  the  barracks  would  be  impossible.  Company 


1861] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


23 


A was  drilled  while  here  in  the  bayonet  exercise  by 'Sergeant 
Hansen,  who  had  previously  served  in  the  Danish  Army,  and 
an  equal  number  of  men  from  Companies  A and  B were  drilled 
in  artillery  practice  by  Ordnance  Sergt.  John  Jones. 

Clothing  was  supplied  in  about  three  weeks  after  their 
arrival  at  the  fort,  and  it  was  sadly  needed  before  it  was 
obtained. 

During  the  winter  Lieutenant  Young  made  a trip  toMadelia, 
and  Lieutenant  Johnson  with  forty  men  to  the  Lower  Sioux 
Agency,  to  quiet  some  disturbance  on  the  part  of  the  Indians, 
who  were  at  that  time  at  those  places  in  large  numbers.  On 
March  17,  1862,  orders  were  received  to  report  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing  preparatory  to  going  to  the  front.  The  command  left 
Ridgely,  March  18,  1862,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling  the 
twenty-second,  the  time  being  remarkably  short  considering  the 
condition  of  the  roads, which  were  badly  drifted  with  snow.  Our 
baggage  was  hauled  on  sleighs,  which  frequently  overturned. 

The  time  spent  at  Snelling  was  about  evenly  divided,  Lieu- 
tenant Young  says,  between  drill  and  cursing  the  cooks,  who 
had  charge  of  the  rations,  purchased  by  the  contractor,  who 
boarded  the  soldiers  at  a stipulated  price  per  day. 


HISTORY  OF  COMPANY  B. 

BY  A.  L.  BROWN. 

This  company  was  organized  at  Glencoe,  McLeod  county, 
Sept.  26,  1861.  James  C.  Edson  started  its  organization. 
Several  who  were  members  assisted  in  getting  recruits  for  it. 
The  majority  of  its  members  were  from  this  county.  The 
southern  part  of  Meeker  county  furnished  several,  and  some 
were  recruited  at  Fort  Snelling.  The  rendezvous  for  the  com- 
pany was  at  the  old  Bates  House  in  Glencoe,  where  it 
remained  one  night  and  the  next  morning  started  for  Fort 
Snelling,  William  Ensign  of  Hutchinson  and  Charles  W.  Ap- 
plin  of  Glencoe  going  along  with  their  teams  to  haul  some  of 
the  men  as  far  as  Carver,  where  the  company  remained  all 
night.  In  the  evening  several  patriotic  speeches  were  made, 
two  of  which  we  remember,  those  of  Judge  Warner  and  Peter 


24 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1861 


Geoghegan,  and  the  next  day  we  departed  on  a steamboat  for 
the  fort.  On  arriving  at  Snelling  we  found  recruiting  officers 
busily  at  work  tilling  up  a company  of  sharpshooters  for  the 
Potomac  army,  and  the  Second  Minnesota  Infantry,  all  full  and 
ready  to  move  to  the  front,  and  the  Third  Regiment  of  Infantry 
well  on  its  way  toward  completing  its  full  strength.  A good 
deal  of  persuasion  was  used  by  many  of  the  officers  of  the 
Third  upon  our  men  to  get  them  to  forsake  the  “Home 
Guards,”  as  they  termed  the  Fourth  Regiment,  and  join  their 
ranks  and  go  South  with  them,  where,  they  said,  we  could 
see  service;  but  we  doubt  if  any  of  the  men  in  our  regiment 
succumbed  to  their  influence.  The  company  passed  its  medi- 
cal examination  standing  in  line,  while  Dr.  J.  H.  Stewart  of 
St.  Paul,  the  medical  examiner,  passed  along  its  front  and 
looked  at  the  men,  who,  with  open  palms,  stood  before  him. 
When  he  came  to  William  Armes,  an  old  gentleman,  he  asked 
him  to  show  his  teeth,  and  desired  to  know  if  he  could  bite  off 
a cartridge.  “Put  your  linger  between  my  teeth,”  said  Uncle 
Billy,  “and  see.” 

It  was  mustered  in  on  Oct.  2,  1864.  Companies  A and  B 
proceeded  together  to  Fort  Ridgely,  and  remained  there  doing 
garrison  duty  until  March  18,  1862,  when  they  left  that  post 
for  Fort  Snelling,  preparatory  to  their  movement  South  with 
the  balance  of  the  regiment.  Soon  after  our  arrival  at  Ridgely 
Ordnance  Sergt.  John  Jones  drilled  the  officers  in  the  manual 
of  arms  and  company  formations  and  movements,  and  gave 
them  and  their  clerks  much  valuable  information  in  their 
duties,  and  very  soon  after  everything  was  moving  harmoni- 
ously. Capt.  L.  L.  Baxter  was  post  commander;  Second  Lieut. 
Charles  Johnson,  post  adjutant;  Frank  S.  De  Mers,  adjutant’s 
dark  and  sergeant  major;  Peter  Weego,  quartermaster’s  clerk; 
Fred  E.  Du  Toit,  quartermaster  sergeant;  Ephraim  Tipton, 
bugler;  L.  B.  Klingensmith  and  Cal.  P.  Smith,  bakers,  all  of 
Company  A;  and  of  Company  B,  First  Lieut.  R.  A.  Judd, 
post  quartermaster;  J.  A.  Goding,  commissary  sergeant;  A. 
L.  Brown,  commissary  abstract  clerk;  Rev.  Joshua  Sweet, 
post  chaplain,  and  John  Jones,  ordnance  sergeant,  both  of  the 
regular  army;  contract  surgeon,  Alfred  Muller;  Indian  inter- 


1861] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


25 


preter,  Peter  Quinn;  sutler,  B.  P.  Randall.  Sweet,  Jones, 
Quinn  and  Randall  all  had  their  families  at  the  post.  Mrs. 
Price  of  Henderson,  wife  of  Sergeant  Price  of  Company  — , 
Second  Minnesota  Infantry,  remained  with  her  children  at  the 
post  after  the  companies  of  the  Second  Regiment  had  left,  and 
was  hospital  matron.  Captains  Baxter  and  Edson  and  Lieut. 
R.  B.  Youug  had  their  families  at  the  fort,  as  did  also  the  fol- 
lowing named  enlisted  men  of  Company  A:  L.  B.  Klingen- 

smith,  George  W.  Smith,  Peter  Weego,  M.  P.  Clark;  and  of 
Company  B,  the  families  of  Wm.  W.  Getchell,  C.  G.  Mickel, 
C.  B.  Fenn,  F.  W.  Beedle,  J.  H.  Bradford,  C.  G.  Topping,  Geo. 
FT.  Gilson  and  M.  McCann.  A part  of  the  Second  Minnesota 
Infantry  had  garrisoned  the  fort  previous  to  our  arrival.  S.  P. 
Jennison,  second  lieutenant  of  Company  D,  with  two  or 
three  men  remained  behind  to  turn  over  the  public  stores,  and 
for  several  evenings  entertained  us  with  vocal  music  on  the 
parade  ground,  where  crowds  would  gather  for  that  purpose,  and 
among  the  songs,  '•  Old  Shady  ” was  a great  favorite.  Our  boys 
seemed  very  particular  in  regard  to  the  quality  of  their  rations, 
and  some  rusty  salt  pork  that  we  drew  at  Fort  Snelling  and 
brought  with  us  to  Ridgely  did  not  meet  with  favor.  The  beef, 
too,  was  poor  and  tough.  One  day  a funeral  guard  was  formed, 
and  with  reversed  arms,  fife  and  drum,  and  a police  cart  con- 
taining a sample  of  the  meat,  the  band  playing  the  dead 
march,  proceeded  to  the  centre  of  the  parade  ground  near  the 
flag-staff  for  the  purpose  of  having  a funeral.  While  these 
proceedings  were  in  progress  the  beef  contractor  stood  in  the 
door  of  the  commissary  of  subsistence  building,  looking  on, 
and  expressed  his  opinion  in  vigorous  language  as  he  “ham- 
mered down  the  adjectives.”  Sergeant  Hausen  of  Company 
A commanded  the  funeral  cortege.  Baxter  came  out  before 
the  ceremonies  were  completed,  delivered  a short  extempora- 
neous address,  and  then  dismissed  the  parade.  These  proceed- 
ings greatly  improved  the  quality  of  the  beef  afterward 
issued. 

As  butter  was  sadly  needed  to  help  out  the  army  bill  of  fare, 
Quartermaster  Judd  made  a requisition  on  the  state  authorities 
for  two  thousand  pounds.  Gen.  J.  B.  Sanborn  approved  of 


26 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1861 


the  requisition  and  furnished  us  with  the  butter,  which  was  de- 
livered at  different  times  by  Burbank’s  teams.  Just  how  the 
state  and  the  general  government  settled  for  that  butter  we 
have  never  been  informed.  Outside  of  the  regular  routine  of 
camp  and  garrison  duty,  but  very  little  of  interest  occurred  dur- 
ing the  winter.  On  New  Year’s  Captain  Edson  gave  his  com- 
pany a dinner,  prepared  under  the  supervision  of  his  excellent 
wife,  who  was  a lady  endowed  with  rare  social  qualities  and 
whose  kindness  and  pleasant  greetings  to  all  while  we  remained 
at  the  fort  will  always  be  remembered  b}7  the  members  of 
Company  B.  In  the  evening  the  men  of  both  companies  gave 
a grand  ball  in  the  large  room  occupied  by  Company  B as  a 
sleeping  apartment.  Ladies  were  present  from  Glencoe,  New 
Ulm  and  other  places.  The  decorations  of  the  ballroom  were 
elaborate  with  flags  and  evergreens.  The  chandeliers  were 
made  of  bayonets  tastefully  arranged  in  groups,  prod-end 
down,  and  holding  sperm  candles. 

Bishop  H.  B.  Whipple  of  the  Episcopal  Church  visited  the 
fort  during  our  sojourn  there  and  preached  to  the  garrison. 

During  the  winter  details  from  the  companies  were  em- 
ployed in  cutting  the  necessary  yearly  supply  of  cord  wood  and 
filling  the  icehouse. 

A great  source  of  amusement  during  the  evenings  was“  Stag 
Dances.”  Fred  E.  Du  Toit  of  Company  A generally  acted  as 
master  of  ceremonies.  For  a change,  and  to  get  away  from  the 
fort,  the  boys  would  occasionally  run  the  guards  and  go  down 
to  Mills’,  about  three  miles  away,  and  get  supper;  or,  just  be- 
yond, perhaps  a half  mile,  to  Jake’s,  who,  though  Small  by 
name  kept  a large  house  and  a brewery. 

On  Christmas  Eve  eight  or  nine  went  to  Mills’,  and  being 
disappointed  about  getting  supper,  went  over  to  Small’s  and 
some  of  them  drank  a little  beer,  while  others  fed  some  of  it 
to  Jacob’s  shoes  that  sat  in  one  corner  of  the  room.  Finally  the 
company  started  back  to  the  fort  facing  a pretty  stiff  northwest 
wind.  On  returning  to  the  fort,  they  discovered  that  the  offi- 
cers had  been  having  a check  roll  call  in  their  absence,  going 
around  to  the  beds  of  all  and  noting  the  absentees;  that 
when  they  came  to  the  door  of  the  quartermaster’s  office  the 


1861] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


27 


loud  pounding  and  yelling  seemed  to  have  no  effect  on  the 
sticks  of  cord  wood  that  three  of  the  boys  who  slept  there  had 
covered  up  with  the  bed  clothes.  We  quote  the  following  ac- 
count of  that  escapade  and  the  subsequent  proceedings  which 
interested  them  some  more,  from  the  pen  of  Dr.  T.  M.  Young, 
which  was  published  in  a newspaper: 

“The  holidays  of  1861  came  upon  us  long  before  we  were 
ready.  The  quarters  were  cold,  and,  in  some  respects,  comfort- 
less. Warmed  by  great,  square  stoves  of  wrought  iron,  and 
during  the  long  winter  evenings  dimly  lighted  by  tallow  candles, 
the  only  mode  of  illumination  Uncle  Sam  seemed  to  know  any- 
thing about  in  those  days. 

“ We  had  been  for  days  trying  to  evolve  some  plan  by  which 
we  could  bring  into  our  soldier  life  some  of  the  enjoyments  to 
which  we  had  been  accustomed. 

“Finally,  Frank  D suggested  a Christmas  supper  for  a 

select  few  at  Mills’,  an  isolated  hostelry  about  three  miles  from 
the  fort. 

“The  next  thing  was  to  get  permission  to  go  out  at  night. 

Frank  was  deputed  to  see  Captain  B , the  commandant, 

and  obtain  it. 

“ In  a little  while  Frank  returned,  with  an  expression  on  his 
countenance  which  plainly  told  us  his  errand  had  been  fruit- 
less. A hurried  consultation  developed  the  fact  that  we  must 
have  that  supper,  and  would  run  the  guards  to  get  it. 

“Accordingly  we  sent  word  that  we  would  be  on  hand  for  it, 
and  at  the  appointed  time,  one  by  one,  we  slipped  past  the 
guards,  met  at  a previously  arranged  rendezvous,  and  took  up 
the  line  of  march  for  Mills’,  where  we  arrived,  tired,  cold  and 
hungry,  only  to  find  that  the  lady  who  was  to  prepare  our  feast 
was  seriously  ill,  and  that  the  supper  was  an  impossibility. 
Nine  more  forlorn  or  disgusted  soldiers  could  hardly  at  that 
time  have  been  found  in  as  many  states.  We  had  to  make  the 
best  of  it.  A few  regaled  themselves  with  cigars  and  a glass  of 
beer,  the  rest  told  what  they  would  have  if  at  home.  W e sat 
around  the  fire  for  an  hour  and  then  started  back  to  the  fort, 
and  in  due  course  of  time  arrived,  to  find  that  check  roll  had 
been  called  at  midnight,  and  nine  were  missing,  who  were  or- 


28  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861 

dered  to  report  to  the  officer  of  the  day  for  fatigue  duty  the 
next  day,  Christmas,  at  1 p.  m. 

“Four  of  the  nine  had  invitations,  previously  given,  to  dine 
with  officers,  each  of  which  had  been  accepted,  which,  of  course, 
added  to  the  dilemma,  for  it  almost  broke  a soldier’s  heart  to 
be  compelled  to  forego  a good  dinner. 

“ Promptly  at  1 p.  m.  the  sergeants,  Charlie  Sherwin  of  Com- 
pany A (who  afterward  fell  at  Vicksburg),  and  Dammon  of 
Company  B,  ordered  us  out,  but  the  difficulties  only  began 
when  they  undertook  to  find  us. 

“ The  writer  was  nervously  partaking  of  a sumptuous  dinner 
at  the  quarters  of  one  of  the  company  commanders,  the  family 
being  in  blissful  ignorance  of  the  fact  that  one  of  the  runaways 
was  with  them.  The  rattle  of  a musket  on  the  stone  step  was 
the  signal  for  a hasty  “ Please  excuse  me!”  and  an  unceremoni- 
ous bolting  out  of  the  back  door,  and  he,  of  course,  was  not 
found  there,  but  was  found  in  his  quarters  innocently  writing 
a letter  home.  The  others  were  collected  after  being  the  cause 
of  considerable  wrath  on  the  part  of  the  sergeant. 

“ We  were  supplied  with  rakes,  forks  and  a hand  cart,  and  di- 
rected to  remove  a quantity  of  straw  which  had  been  left  just 
outside  the  fort  by  the  previous  garrison.  The  tools  were  prop- 
erly distributed,  and  we  were  ordered  forward.  On  arrival  at 
the  straw  pile  the  cart  was  loaded  and  the  writer  and  Frank 

D ordered  to  dump  it  over  into  a neighboring  ravine. 

We  drew  it  to  the  place  turned  it  over  and  let  go,  leisurely 
returning  to  the  scene  of  action  and  quietly  taking  our  places 
in  the  crowd  which  had  collected  to  see  the  fun. 

“ Charlie  waited  a while  and  then  called  us.  We  stepped  out, 
and  he  asked  the  whereabouts  of  the  cart.  Weanswered,  ‘ We 
dumped  it.’ 

“ ‘ Where  is  it  ? ’ 

“‘Don’t  know;  didn’t  look  to  see  where  it  went.’ 

“He  said  something  about  ‘fools,’  and  told  us  to  go  and 
find  it. 

“We  went  back  to  the  top  of  the  hill,  looked  down,  saw  it, 
and  went  back  and  reported  that  we  had  found  it. 

“‘Where  is  it?’  was  demanded  by  the  irate  sergeant. 


1861]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS.  29 

‘“At  the  foot  of  the  hill,’  we  answered. 

‘“Go  and  bring  it,’  he  hissed  between  his  teeth. 

“We  went  back,  found  it  locked  between  two  trees,  and  re- 
turning reported  that  we  could  not  draw  it  through  between 
the  trees;  of  course  we  did  not  know  enough  to  back  it  out. 

“ Sergeant  Charlie  then  sent  F red  Du  T with  us  to  get  the 

cart,  and  with  his  assistance  we  hoisted  it  up  until  it  passed  be- 
tween the  trees,  and  drew  it  wearily  to  the  top  of  the  hill,  where 
Fred  slyly  took  out  the  linch-pins,  and  we  started  on  the  run 
for  work.  The  wheels  came  off  and  were  left  by  the  way,  but 
the  cart  went  to  the  straw  pile. 

“ Charlie’s  wrath  on  seeing  us  was  frightful ; for  the  moment 
he  was  speechless,  then  he  hoarsely  demanded  where  those 
wheels  were.  As  they  had  not  stopped  when  we  passed  them 
we  did  not  know,  and  so  were  sent  after  them  instanter. 

“Frank  D went  back  and  innocently  asked  if  he  wanted 

us  to  roll  or  carry  them,  and  intimated  that  three  men  could 
not  manage  two  wheels  without  help. 

“ By  this  time  the  whole  garrison  was  out  and  all  the  windows 
overlooking  the  scene  were  occupied  by  the  ladies,  while  the 
boys  who  were  not  working  were  almost  splitting  their  sides 
laughing  at  the  screaming  farce.  Meanwhile  the  work  went 
on. 

“ Charlie  ordered  the  wheels  put  on. 

“ They  were  turned  wrong  side  to  the  cart  and  driven  on  with 
a stick  of  cord  wood. 

“ He  stopped  that  and  placed  them  on  properly,  telling  us  to 
load  the  cart  again  while  he  got  some  new  linch-pins,  which 
Frank  supplied  by  breaking  off  the  tines  of  the  fork  he  was 
using. 

“ When  the  cart  was  loaded  another  crew  was  directed  to  take 
it  to  the  hill  and  dump  it  and,  as  the  vehicle  had  not  been 
turned,  they  started  for  a hill  in  the  direction  they  faced,  and 
which  was  half  a mile  distant.  They  had  gone  but  a few  feet 
when  they  were  ordered  to  halt  and  turn  that  cart;  which  order 
was  complied  with  by  turning  the  cart  upside  down  and  drop- 
ping the  load.  There  were  some  more  remarks  about  ‘fools,’ 
and  after  much  delay  it  was  gotten  into  the  proper  place,  re- 


30 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1861 


loaded,  and  sent  by  the  hands  of  trusty  men,  who  had  not  been 
tried,  to  be  dumped  where  the  first  was,  and  with  the  same  re- 
sult. 

“The  officer  of  the  day  here  interposed,  telling  the  sergeant 
that  he  did  not  think  we  understood  hauling  straw,  for  we  had 
worked  faithfully  for  two  hours  and  had  only  succeeded  in 
getting  two  loads  over  the  hill,  had  broken  the  cart,  lost  the 
linch-pins,  broken  two  forks  and  one  rake,  and  that,  in  his 
opinion,  we  had  better  pile  up  two  cords  of  wood  which  had 
been  dropped  on  the  street,  and  had  to  be  moved  about  twenty 
feet. 

“We  were  accordingly  marched  to  where  the  wood  was  and 
each  soldier  was  ordered  to  take  up  a stick.  This  had  to  be 
done  by  military  commands  as  we  could  not  understand  any- 
thing else. 

“The  result  was,  that  when  the  word  ‘ Forward!’  was  given, 
every  man  dropped  his  wood  and  stepped  out  briskly;  we  were 
halted,  faced  about,  took  up  the  wood,  put  it  on  our  shoulders, 
and  at  the  word  ‘About  Face  !’  every  stick  of  wood  save  one — 
and  it  had  no  one  to  strike  — struck  the  man  next  on  the  left, 
every  stick  was  dropped  and  every  man,  save  the  one  on  the 
right  was  rubbing  his  bruised  head. 

“This  was  repeated  with  variations  until  an  hour  had  passed, 
by  which  time  the  maddest  man  in  the  United  States  was  our 
esteemed  sergeant.  Every  order  had  been  obeyed  to  the  letter, 
and  yet  that  wood  had  not  been  moved  three  feet ; the  straw, 
with  the  exception  of  two  loads,  was  where  it  was  when  we 
began,  only  it  was  more  scattered;  several  dollars  damage  had 
been  done,  the  greatest  circus  ever  enacted  in  the  state  was 
over,  the  sun  was  setting,  and  Christmas  was  voted  a success. 

“Some  of  the  survivors  of  the  above  escapade  areCapt.  A.  L. 
Brown,  Brownton,  Minnesota;  Sheriff  F.  E.  Du  Toit,  Chaska, 
Carver  county,  Minnesota;  Capt.  Frank  De  Mars,  Fisher, 
Polk  county,  Minnesota;  Dr.  T.  M.  Young,  Seattle,  Wash., 
and  several  others.” 

HISTORY  OF  COMPANY  C. 

Lieut.  J.  TI.  Thurston  says  the  nucleus  of  Company  C was 
a militia  company  formed  during  the  summer  of  1861  for  the 


1861] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


31 


purpose,  if  may  be,  of  guarding  persons  and  property  at  home. 
The  militia  company  provided  themselves  with  a partial 
uniform  and  a martial  band,  the  state  furnishing  them  with 
arms.  R.  S.  Donaldson  was  captain,  J.  H.  Donaldson  first 
lieutenant,  and  Paschal  M.  Dyar  second  lieutenant.  Uo  list  of 
the  names  has  been  preserved,  but  with  few  exceptions  they 
all  joined  Company  C. 

Lakeville,  Minn.,  Sept.  23,  1861. 

Pursuant  to  previous  notice,  the  citizens  of  Lakeville  and 
adjoining  towns  met  at  the  schoolhouse  in  District  JSTo.  3 
(Vermillion  schoolhouse)  in  this  town  for  the  purpose  of  form- 
ing a military  company  to  be  mustered  into  the  Fourth  Min- 
nesota Infantry.  The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  R.  S. 
Donaldson,  who  briefly  stated  the  object  of  the  meeting.  R. 
S.  Donaldson  was  chosen  chairman  and  H.  U.  Hosmer  secre- 
tary. A muster  roll  was  then  started,  upon  which  forty-seven 
names  were  enrolled.  The  following  officers  were  then 
chosen:  Captain,  R.  S.  Donaldson;  first  lieutenant,  J.  H. 

Donaldson;  second  lieutenant,  Leverett  R.  Wellman.  The 
roll  was  then  called  to  see  how  many  were  ready  to  proceed 
to  Fort  Snelling  the  next  morning  to  be  mustered  in  and 
forty-two  answered  “Ready!”  The  following  resolutions  were 
then  adopted:  First,  that  we  meet  at  Farmington  and  Lake- 

ville (old  villages)  to-morrow  at  8 a.  M.  and  proceed  to  Rose- 
mount,  and,  uniting  there,  proceed  together  to  Fort  Snelling. 
Second,  that  the  oificers-elect  furnish  the  transportation  to 
the  fort.  The  meeting  gave  three  rousing  cheers  for  their 
officers  and  adjourned.  When  the  two  parties  met  at  Rose- 
mount  next  morning  forty-five  responded  to  their  names,  and 
on  the  next  day  thirty-eight  of  them  were  mustered  into  the 
United  States  service.  It  was  not  until  the  twenty-sixth  that 
the  requisite  number,  forty,  were  mustered  in,  and  the  company 
was  designated  as  C in  the  regiment.  The  company  remained  at 
Fort  Snelling  until  October  9th,  recruiting  and  drilling,  when 
it  left  for  Fort  Ripley,  where  it  remained  until  during  the 
latter  part  of  March,  1862,  when  it  moved  to  Fort  Snelling. 
At  Fort  Ripley,  Capt.  R.  S.  Donaldson  was  post  commander; 
Lieut.  J.  H.  Donaldson,  post  acting  assistant  quartermaster  and 


32 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1861 


commissary  of  subsistence;  J.  H.  Thurston,  acting  quarter- 
master sergeant;  W.  S.  Lougstreet,  acting  commissary  ser- 
geant and  clerk.  There  was  also  stationed  at  the  fort  Chap- 
lain Gear  and  Ordnance  Sergeant  Frantzkee  of  the  regular 
army,  and  Dr.  Wing  (?),  contract  surgeon,  and  Spencer,  sutler. 
Captain  Donaldson,  Lieutenant  Donaldson,  Sergt.  S.  C. 
Thurston,  Corporal  Chewning  and  Privates  Brown,  Easta- 
brooks,  Holman  and  J.  H.  Thurston  had  their  families 
at  the  fort  during  the  winter.  On  Dec.  9,  1861,  a party 
started  for  Leech  lake,  where  payment  was  made  to  the 
Indians.  The  party  consisted  of  Lieutenant  Wellman, 
First  Sergeant  Dy’ar,  Sergeant  Thurston,  Corporals  Wat- 
son, Phillips  and  Dilley,  and  Privates  0.  B.  Bailey,  M.  A. 
Bailey,  Cloud,  E.  H.  Davis,  Fish,  Goyrette,  Hale,  Huntington, 
Putnam,  Robinson,  Rich,  Woessner  and  Wilkins.  The 
weather  was  extremely  cold  and  the  party  suffered  severely. 
Sergeant  Thurston  froze  one  ear  while  he  was  warming  the 
other,  and  several  had  their  toes  frozen  while  in  bed.  Their 
tents  were  set  up  shed-shape  with  the  front  open  like  a 
Yankee  tin  oven,  with  a large  fire  built  in  front.  They  ar- 
rived at  the  fort  on  their  return,  Jan.  19, 1862.  Quite  a party 
of  us  (including  the  wives  of  some  that  went)  went  to  the 
Lower  Chippewa  Agency7  near  Crow  Wing.  We  found  the 
Indians  a dirty,  shiftless  set.  Their  tents  were  made  of  mat- 
ting, birch  bark  or  old  blankets  wrapped  around  poles  set 
slanting  and  tied  together  at  the  top,  with  a hole  left  for  the 
smoke  to  escape  through.  Some  only  had  pine  boughs  for 
shelter.  The  camp  was  filthy  beyond  description.  We 
arrived  just  as  the  funeral  obsequies  of  a squaw  had  been 
concluded  (she  was  drowned,  while  drunk,  in  the  Gull  river). 
Private  William  Kent  sang  the  funeral  dirge,  “Away  Down 
South  in  Dixie,”  which  was  exceedingly  gratifying  to  the 
relatives  of  the  deceased.  The  mother  sat  fry  the  side  of  the 
grave  howling  most  hideously.  On  Christmas  night,  1861, 
the  boy’s  had  one  of  the  large  dining  rooms  at  the  fort  deco- 
rated with  flags,  evergreens  and  pictures,  and  after  enjoying  a 
good  supper  finished  the  night  with  a dance.  Over  thirty 
ladies  were  present,  quite  a number  of  them  being  from  Crow 


1861] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


33 


Wing  and  Little  Falls.  Bishop  Whipple  held  service  once 
and  performed  the  rite  of  confirmation,  John  H.  Thurston 
receiving  the  same.  One  night  the  quarters  were  on  fire,  but 
by  the  exertions  of  our  men  it  was  soon  under  control.  After 
spending  the  winter  very  pleasantly,  the  company  went  to 
Fort  Snelling  in  the  latter  part  of  March. 

[The  militia  company  here  spoken  of  was  Company  D, 
Thirteenth  Regiment,  Fifth  Brigade,  Third  Division ; captain, 
R.  S.  Donaldson;  first  lieutenant,  P.  M.  Dyar;  second  lieuten- 
ant, L.  R.  Wellman;  third  lieutenant,  John  Houts;  and  forty- 
eight  privates,  organized  July  13,  1861. — Ed.] 


HISTORY  OF  COMPANY  D. 

BY  CAPT.  F.  Y.  DE  COSTER. 

Oct.  1,  1861,  forty-seven  privates  of  Company  D from  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  state  assembled  at  St.  Cloud  and  were 
quartered  in  different  houses,  slept  on  the  floor  and  drilled 
daily  with  a few  old  muskets  until  the  seventh,  when  the 
company  started  for  Fort  Snelling  to  be  mustered  in.  The 
company  returned  to  St.  Cloud,  where  we  remained  until  the 
eighteenth,  drilling  daily;  then  started  on  the  road  for  Fort 
Abercrombie,  N.  D.  The  first  day  we  marched  twenty-five 
miles;  the  nineteenth,  twenty  miles,  and  camped  near  Sauk 
river.  Sunday,  the  twentieth,  marched  eight  miles,  a little 
more  than  a Sabbath  day’s  journey,  and  camped  at  Melbourne, 
a city  consisting  of  two  log  houses.  Monday,  the  twenty-first, 
rained  all  day , but  we  marched  twenty-five  miles  and  still  patriotic. 
Twenty-second,  marched  eighteen  miles  over  the  meanest 
kind  of  a road,  through  the  woods.  Twenty-third,  marched 
eighteen  miles;  very  disagreeable  day.  Twenty-fourth,  marched 
thirty-two  miles  and  camped  near  the  Otter  Tail  river.  Twenty- 
fifth,  marched  twenty-eight  miles  and  camped  at  Breckenridge,  a 
city  of  one  house  five  stories  high.  Saturday,  the  twenty- 
sixth,  marched  fourteen  miles  and  arrived  at  the  fort  at  1:00  P.  M., 
where,  with  Company  G,  with  Captain  Lueg  commanding,  after 
they  arrived,  we  held  the  fort  for  the  winter.  Company  G 
3 


34 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1861 


arrived  on  December  9th,  at  which  time  government  clothing 
was  issued  to  us.  By  this  time  we  were  pretty  raggedandcold. 
The  winter  was  a very  severe  one  and  the  mercury  way  down 
in  the  sixties.  But  we  drilled  every  day,  no  matter  what  the 
state  [of  the  weather  was,  and  on  Sundays  had  inspection  and 
dress  parade.  We  fell  into  line  with  our  guns  and  accouter- 
ments in  perfect  order,  and  our  buttons,  hat  ornaments  and 
shoulder  scales  bright  and  shining.  By  the  way,  the  greater 
part  of  those  shoulder  scales  were  thrown  into  the  Tennessee 
river,  when  on  our  way  to  real  war.  After  dress  parade  we 
were  invited  into  the  barracks,  where  Captain  Inman  (who  was 
a minister)  pflwhed  to  us  of  a much  hotter  climate  than  we 
were  then  enjoying.  Although  the  winter  was  severe  and  the 
discipline'quite  rigid,  we  had  some  good  and  jolly  times, as  well 
as  some  novel  and  stirring  ones.  We  had  a debating  and 
speaking  school.  One  night  there  was  to  be  a dance  atBreck- 
enridge  and  fourteen  of  our  boys  went.  It  was  on  a bitter 
cold  night  and  it  was  a leap-year  party,  but  there  was  only  one 
girl  there  and  all  of  the  boys  wanted  to  dance  with  her. 

The  beef  issued  to  us  was  terribly  poor  and  tough  and  the 
boys  made  many  a complaint  about  it,  but  still  the  poor  beef 
was  issued;  so  one  day  a part  of  Company  G,  commanded  by 
a one-eyed  sergeant,  tied  a long  rope  to  a quarter  of  it  and 
dragged  it  across  the  parade  ground,  they  pawing  and  bellow- 
ing, and  followed  by  a squad  with  reversed  arms.  They  dragged 
it  outside  the  grounds,  buried  it,  and  then  fired  a volley 
over  the  grave.  Very  soon  the  long  roll  was  beaten  and  the 
men  all  fell  into  line,  when  Captain  Inman  appeared,  with 
drawn  sword,  and  gave  the  men  a regular  raking  down — 
talked  about  mutiny  and  insubordination  and  the  conse- 
quences, and  just  as  he  finished  some  fellow  cried  out:  “ Captain, 
you  did  not  say  anything  about  the  bull-beef.”  The  only 
answer  was,  “Right  face!  Break  ranks!  March!” 

As  winter  passed  we  began  to  fear  the  war  would  end 
before  we  saw  any  fighting,  but  when  we  got  near  Corinth  and 
heard  the  big  guns,  we  began  to  be  afraid  that  we  would 
see  some,  and  we  did.  We  left  Fort  Abercrombie  in  March 
in  covered  government  sleighs, and  the  snow  in  places  (through 


1861] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


35 


ravines)  twenty  feet  deep,  which  was  getting  soft.  The  mules 
would  sink  in  to  their  bodies,  and  occasionally  go  in  all  over, 
and  we  would  have  to  unharness  them,  get  them  on  their 
sides  and  pull  them  over,  and  also  pull  over  the  sleighs  by 
hand.  Many  of  our  men  became  snow-blind  and  were  badly 
disabled,  but  when  we  got  to  St.  Cloud  the  snow  was  gone. 
We  marched  from  there  to  Fort  Snelling.  Before  entering 
Minneapolis  our  knapsacks  were  taken  from  the  wagons  and 
strapped  upon  our  backs  and  we  carried  them  to  the  fort. 
While  crossing  the  suspension  bridge  we  were  ordered  to  break 
step,  for  fear  of  breaking  down  the  uoble  structure,  and  we 
with  it  be  carried  over  the  raging  falls. 

[Company  A — Twentieth  Regiment,  Seventh  Brigade,  Fourth 
Division,  Frontier  Rifle  Guards,  Stearns  county.  Captain, 
Thomas  E.  Inman;  first  lieutenant,  Benjamin  F.  Butler; 
second  lieutenant,  Solomon  F.  Brown.  Sixty-one  privates. 
Organized  June  22,  1861. — General  Sanborn's  Report.  This 
militia  company  was  the  nucleus  of  Company  D. — Ed.] 


HISTORY  OF  COMPANY  E. 

BY  LIEUT.  ROBERT  WINEGAR. 

The  following  brief  statement,  written  by  Lieutenant  Wine- 
gar,  is  all  that  we  have  been  able  to  learn  of  the  early  history 
of  this  company,  except  the  information  contained  in  the  ros- 
ter of  the  regiment: 

“We  made  our  headquarters  at  Ottawa,  Le  Sueur  county. 
I raised  some  of  the  men  in  this  place  and  some  in  Le  Sueur 
and  Cleveland,  and  some  in  Nicollet  and  Sibley  counties. 
When  I had  forty-seven  or  forty-eight  I got  teams  and  took 
them  down  to  Fort  Snelling.  After  we  had  been  to  the  fort 
a few  days  Captain  Le  Gro  came  up  from  Owatonna  with 
twelve  or  fourteen  men  and  wanted  to  join  our  company.  As 
Le  Gro  had  been  in  the  Mexican  War  we  gave  him  the  cap- 
taincy, and  I was  elected  first  lieutenant.  When  we  were  here 
we  called  our  company  ‘ The  Sharpshooters,’  and  we  drilled 


36  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861 

three  times  a week.  I do  not  know  where  Le  Gro  is,  and 
have  not  heard  from  him  for  twenty  years. 

“R.  Winegar, 

Ottawa , Le  Sueur  County. 

“ Jan.  30,  1888.” 


HISTORY  OF  COMPANY  F. 

BY  CAPT.  ASA  W.  WHITE. 

Capt.  Asa  W.  White  of  Albert  Lea  has  kindly  furnished 
us  with  the  following  brief  sketch  of  the  early  history  and  or- 
ganization of  this  company: 

“ The  company  was  recruited  principally  in  Freeborn 
county,  under  call  for  the  first  three  hundred  thousand.  Un- 
der instructions  from  Adjt.  Gen.  J.  B.  Sanborn,  I commenced 
enrolling  in  August,  1861.  Left  Albert  Lea  October  8th  with 
sixty  men  in  teams  for  Fort  Snelling;  arrived  there  on  the 
eleventh,  and  on  that  day  enrolled  eighty-eight  men  in  the 
service  as  one  of  the  incomplete  companies  of  the  Third  Regi- 
ment; was  afterward  assigned  to  the  Fourth,  having  failed  to 
recruit  up  to  the  minimum  number  in  time  to  be  mustered  be- 
fore the  Third  was  full.  My  commission  was  dated  Oct.  31, 
1861.  We  left  Fort  Snelling  in  detachments  one  day  apart. 
Five  companies,  with  headquarters  and  the  band,  were  on  our 
boat,  the  Hawkeye  State,  and  we  were  on  the  last  boat  that 
left  Fort  Snelling  for  the  South.  Color  Guard  Corporal  Perry 
H.  Jew’ett  of  Company  F was  assigned  to  the  color  guard  at 
its  organization  at  Fort  Snelling,  and  carried  the  state  colors  until 
the  battle  of  Iuka,  in  September,  1862,  when  he  was  relieved. 
Sergt.  Henry  R.  Loomis  carried  the  national  colors  after  the 
death  of  Sergeant  Colter  at  Memphis,  until  the  twenty-second 
of  May,  1863.  Company  Fwas  the  color  company  at  that  time 
and  on  the  day  of  the  assault  he  acted  in  that  capacity.  Cor- 
poral Metzler  of  Company  H carried  the  state  flag;  they  were 
both  wounded  as  we  lay  in  front  of  the  enemy’s  fort — Metzler 
a scalp  wound;  Loomis, shot  through  the  lungs  (is  still  a sufferer 
from  the  woundand  lives  near  Albert  Lea).  Under  directions  of 
Colonel  Tourtellotte  I placed  the  color  guard.  The  regiment 


1861] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


37 


then  formed  on  it  to  the  right  and  left  — the  color  guard 
on  the  left  of  Company  F.  Lieutenant  Wheeler  was  on  staff 
duty  with  the  division  commanders  a great  part  of  the  time 
during  his  service.” 


HISTORY  OF  COMPANY  G. 

BY  LIEUT.  GEORGE  HANSEN. 

“ St.  Clout,  Minn.,  July  25,  1888. 

“About  two-thirds  of  Company  G was  raised  by  Captain 
Lueg  and  Lieutenant  St.  Cyr.  When  we  came  to  Fort  Snell- 
ing  in  the  fall  of  1861,  Lieut.  D.  M.  G.  Murphy  joined  the 
company  with  a number  of  men  he  had  raised,  and  then  the 
company  was  organized.  Companies  G and  D went  to  Fort 
Abercrombie.  Fifty  men  of  Company  G,  with  Lieutenant  St. 
Cyrin  charge,  remained  with  Company  D at  Fort  Abercrombie. 
In  March,  1862,  we  joined  the  regiment  again  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing.  I think  Captain  Inman  of  Company  D commanded  at 
Abercrombie. 

“Very  truly, yours  in  fraternity,  charity  and  loyalty. 

“George  Hansen.” 

The  foregoing  is  all  that  we  have  been  able  to  obtain  of  the 
history  of  Company  G,  except  the  following  from  Adjutant 
General  Sanborn’s  report,  which  refers  to  Company  G : “ One 
company  marched  to  Fort  Abercrombie,  after  the  snow  fell,  a 
distance  of  three  hundred  miles,  through  a country  sparsely  in- 
habited, with  the  thermometer  below  zero  a considerable  por- 
tion of  the  time,  and  at  sixteen  degrees  below  some  of  the 
time,  and  camped  all  the  time  when  not  on  the  march.” 


HISTORY  OF  COMPANY  H. 

BY  CAPT.  GEORGE  A.  CLARKE. 

Company  H was  raised  at  Mankato  and  St.  Peter,  being  re- 
cruited in  Blue  Earth  and  Nicollet  counties  by  John  E.  Tour- 
tellotte,  George  A.  Clarke  and  Gibson  S.  Patch,  in  August  and 
September,  1861.  It  was  originally  intended  to  be  a part  of 


38 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1861 


the  Third  Regiment,  but  more  companies  being  recruited  than 
would  till  the  Third,  we  were  put  into  the  Fourth  much  against 
our  will;  it  being  understood  that  the  Third  was  to  go  South, 
and  the  Fourth  to  garrison  home  forts.  The  first  squad  was 
mustered  in  at  Fort  Snelling  on  Sept.  26  and  30, 1861,  and  un- 
assigned until  the  muster  in  of  the  regiment,  December  20th. 
The  first  squad  enrolled  September  26tli  and  30th  as  Valley 
Sharpshooters.  When  the  company  left  St.  Peter  it  had  eighty 
men;  when  it  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling  it  had  about  sixty;  but 
when  it  mustered  it  had  forty-four,  who  were  the  only  ones 
who  proved  true;  afterward  the  balance  were  enlisted  up  to 
the  full  number.  The  company  was  stationed  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing, doing  guard  dut}^  and  drilling  with  Companies  E,  F,  land 
K,  until  April  20,  1862,  when  we  embarked  on  the  steamboat 
Hawkeye  State  for  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

General  Tourtellotte  wrote  us  under  a recent  date  as  follows: 
“When  in  Winona,  Minn.,  on  a visit  a few  years  since,  a 
man,  formerly  of  Company  E,  came  to  see  me.  When  he  left 
me  he  told  Judge  Wilson  I said,  ‘With  a thousand  men  like 
him  I could  wipe  out  hell.’  Well,  I must  correct  his  state- 
ment somewhat,  but  I probably  did,  and  now  do  say,  that  with 
a thousand  such  men  as  could  be  picked  from  that  regiment 
as  much  could  be  done  as  with  any  thousand  men  in  the  world. 
It  was  a quiet,  modest,  trusty,  brave,  splendid  regiment,  and  I 
am  proud  to  have  my  name  connected  with  it.  When  my  com- 
pany was  transferred  from  the  Third  to  the  Fourth  Minnesota 
at  Fort  Snelling,  I thought  I had  been  disgraced,  as  it  was 
thought  the  Fourth  would  never  go  South,  but  that  transfer 
was  good  fortune  both  to  my  company  and  to  myself.  The 
historian  ought  to  know  such  things,  although  I know  he  can- 
not use  them.”  The  historian  concluded  to  copy  the  letter  and 
take  his  chances. 


HISTORY  OF  COMPANY  I. 

We  are  indebted  to  Capt.  Henry  Platt  for  the  following 
brief  sketch  of  Company  I. 

About  June,  1861,  there  was  formed  at  Warsaw,  Rice  county, 
a militia  company  by  the  name  of  Warsaw  Rifles,  with  the 


1861]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS.  39 

following  officers,  viz.:  Captain,  John  H.  Parker;  first  lieuten- 

ant, T.  G.  Tallman;  second  lieutenant, Henry  Platt.  Said  com- 
pany then  belonged  to  the  Eighth  Regiment,  Second  Brigade, 
First  Division,  Minnesota  Militia,  was  armed  and  equipped  by 
the  state,  drilled  every  Saturday  and  kept  constantly  in  readi- 
ness as  there  was  fear  of  Indian  troubles.  At  the  call  by  the 
President  and  Governor  for  more  troops  to  crush  the  wicked 
rebellion,  a great  many  men  of  the  militia  company  responded 
to  their  country’s  call,  and  enrolled  themselves  in  the  Fourth 
Regiment,  Oct.  14,  1861,  with  one  commissioned  officer,  First 
Lieut.  Henry  Platt,  at  Fort  Snelling,  whose  commission  dates 
Dec.  23,  1861.  John  H.  Parker  was  commissioned  as  captain 
and  Ed.  Foster  as  second  lieutenant,  and  the  company  be- 
came Company  I and  was  the  left  color  company.  The  first 
color  bearer  of  the  regiment  was  Sergt.  Johnson  Colter  of  my 
company,  who  was  drowned  at  Memphis,  Tenn. 

[Company  A — Eighth  Regiment,  Second  Brigade,  First  Divi- 
sion, Warsaw  Rifles,  Rice  county.  Captain,  J.  H.  Parker;  first 
lieutenant,  T.  G.  Tallman;  second  lieutenant,  Henry  Platt;  third 
lieutenant,  G.  W.  Frink.  Fifty-three  privates.  Organized  July  6, 
1861. — General  Sanborn’s  Report. — Ed.] 


HISTORY  OF  COMPANY  K. 

BY  CAPTAIN  I.  N.  MERRILL. 

The  nucleus  of  Company  K was  raised  in  and  about  Otranto, 
near  to  the  state  line  of  Minnesota  and  Iowa,  in  Mower  county, 
which  was  at  that  time  the  residence  of  Robert  P.  Mooers,  who 
was  engaged  in  business  there.  Mr.  W.  E.  Spencer,  at  LeRoy, 
same  county,  was  also  engaged  in  raising  recruits  for  the  same 
company;  also  at  Austin,  Minn.,  others  were  joining.  We 
finally  organized  together  under  the  name  of  the  Mower 
County  Guards,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling  October,  1861.  The 
Fourth  Minnesota  Regiment  was  filled  except  the  last  company. 
We  found  on  our  arrival  a part  of  a company,  which  had 
been  raised  in  and  about  St.  Paul,  through  the  efforts  of  L.  B. 


40 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


Martin  and  George  Sherbrooke,  a lawyer  (who  was  afterward 
shot  at  the  assault  of  Vicksburg);  so  the  two  parts  of  companies 
consolidated.  Mooers  from  Mower  county  as  captain,  L.  B. 
Martin  from  St.  Paul  as  first  lieutenant,  W.  E.  Spence  as  sec- 
ond lieutenant.  Mooers  waited  for  a time  until  the  men  be- 
came acquainted,  when  he  proposed  that  the  non-commissioned 
officers  should  be  elected  by  ballot  instead  of  his  appointing  them. 
When  the  regiment  got  orders  to  go  South  W.  E.  Spencer  re- 
signed in  favor  of  I.  N.  Morrill,  who  had  been  elected  by  bal- 
lot to  the  office  of  orderly  sergeant.  In  reference  to  Captain 
Mooers,  and  no  more  than  is  due  to  his  memory  in  behalf  of 
Company  K,  will  say  he  was  a gentleman,  a true  patriot,  and  a 
truer,  braver  man  than  he  never  went  from  home  to  defend  his 
country.  His  death  was  regretted  and  deeply  mourned  by  the 
company.  Captain  Mooers  was  shot  and  instantly  killed  at  the 
engagement  at  Corinth,  on  Oct.  3,  1862.  L.  B.  Martin  at  that 
time  being  on  detached  service  the  command  of  Company 
K devolved  upon  I.  N.  Morrill,  who  commanded  it  until  the 
date  of  his  muster  out  of  service,  on  Dec.  22, 1864,  at  Savan- 
nah, Ga.  In  regard  to  Company  K,  I would  say  that  they  were 
well  organized,  well  drilled,  and  as  well  disposed  and  brave  a com- 
pany as,  I believe,  existed  in  the  regiment.  Their  relations  to 
their  officers  and  to  each  other  were  of  the  most  friendly  na- 
ture, and  the  feeling  has,  I believe,  been  strengthened  as  it  has 
been  cherished  by  each  member.  Brave  in  battle,  all  they 
needed  was  plenty  of  cartridges  and  hardtack,  and  they  would 
wade  through  whatever  was  before  them. 

[All  of  the  companies  of  this  regiment  were  mustered  into 
the  United  States  service  by  Capt.  D.  Anderson  Nelson,  Tenth 
United  States  Infantry,  who  was  the  United  States  mustering 
officer  stationed  at  Fort  Snelling,  w7hich  was  the  rendezvous 
and  headquarters  for  recruiting  and  other  military  purposes 
in  Minnesota. — Ed.] 


Off  for  the  South. 


On  March  18,  1862,  Adjt.  Gen.  0.  Malmros,  in  General 
Orders,  No.  1,  ordered  the  Fourth  Regiment  to  proceed  to  St. 


1862]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  YOLUNTEERS.  41 

Louis,  Mo.  But  as  navigation  on  the  river  had  not  yet  opened, 
he,  on  March  19th,  issued  General  Orders,  No.  2,  which 
directed  a delay  of  the  movement  until  navigation  was  opened. 
Orders  were  sent  at  once  to  the  commanders  of  the  troop  at 
the  frontier  posts,  and  they  were  directed  to  proceed  to  Fort 
Snelling. 

An  infantry  regiment  in  line  of  battle  consists  of  two  lines  or 
ranks  of  men  standing  thirteen  inches  apart,  the  captain  of  each 
company  standing  in  the  front  rank  on  the  right  of  his  company. 
The  first  sergeant,  or  orderly  sergeant  as  he  is  commonly  called, 
stands  behind  the  captain.  The  corporals  stand  in  the  front  rank, 
on  the  right  and  left  of  platoons.  The  other  sergeants  and  the 
lieutenants  stand  two  paces  in  the  rear  of  the  rear  rank  and  are 
called  file  closers.  The  lieutenant  colonel  and  major  stand  twelve 
paces  in  rear  of  these  and  the  colonel  thirty-five  paces.  The 
color  guard  is  composed  of  eight  corporals  and  is  posted  on  the 
left  of  the  right  centre  company,  of  which  compauy  for  the  time 
being,  it  forms  a part.  The  color  sergeant,  or  color  bearer, 
stands  in  the  front  rank  with  a corporal  on  each  side  of  him. 
The  other  six  corporals  stand  behind  in  two  ranks,  the  last 
rank  in  line  with  the  file  closers. 

In  our  formation  of  infantry  regiments  we  had  ten  compa- 
nies, numbered  and  lettered  from  one  to  ten,  as  follows:  A,  B, 
C,  D,  E,  F,  G,  H,  I and  K.  These  companies  were  divided 
into  two  classes,  senior  and  junior.  The  captains  of  Compa- 
nies A,  B,  C,  DandE  were  senior  and  of  F,  G,  H,  I and  K 
junior  captains.  In  forming  a line  of  battle  the  ten  companies 
were  placed  from  right  to  left,  according  to  the  rank  of  captains 
as  follows : The  senior  captain  (A)  on  the  extreme  right  and  with 
him  the  first  junior  (F)  on  his  left;  the  second  senior  (B)  on  the 
extreme  left  with  the  second  junior  (G)  on  his  right;  the  third 
senior (C)  on  the  right  centre,  with  the  third  junior  (H)  on  his 
left;  the  next  two  (D  and  I)  on  the  left  of  C,  and  E and  K on 
the  left  of  H.  The  line  as  thus  formed  would  be  A 1,  F 6 — 
D 4,  I 9 — C 3,  colors,  H 8 — E 5,  K 10  — G 7,  B 2.  In  form- 
ing a column  by  division  (two  companies  abreast),  each  senior 
captain  would  commaud  a division.  The  position  of  the  com- 
panies change  in  the  line  as  the  rank  of  the  officers  command- 


42 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


ing  them  change.  Tims  at  the  battle  of  Iuka  with  B as  the 
ranking  company,  onr  line  was  from  right  to  left  B 1,  G 6 — 
E 4,  K 9 — D 3,  colors,  I 8 — right  wing;  F 5,  A 10  — H 7,  C 
2 — left  wing.  And  as  Captains  Le  Gro  and  Edson  acted  as 
held  officers  in  that  battle,  it  made  Captain  Inman  of  Com- 
pan}r  D the  ranking  captain  in  the  right  wing. 

April  20th — Sunday. — To-day  six  companies  of  the  regiment, 
B,  G,  E,  K,  D right  wing,  and  I,  left  Fort  Snelling  on  the 
steamboat  Sucker  State  for  St.  Louis,  Mo.  The  boat  stopped 
a short  time  at  St.  Paul.  The  people  lined  the  bluffs,  the 
ladies  waved  their  handkerchiefs  and  the  men  cheered  as  the 
boat  swung  down  the  river,  the  band  playing  “ The  Girl  I Left 
Behind  Me.” 

We  have  a splendid  band,  and  often  during  our  service  their 
music  revived  our  spirits  and  gave  us  courage  to  push  on  over 
dusty  roads  on  long  marches  when  just  ready  to  drop  down 
and  give  up. 

April  21st — Monday. — The  remainder  of  the  regiment — Com- 
panies F,  A,  II  and  C,  with  headquarters,  and  Capt.  William 
A.  Hotchkiss,  Second  Minnesota  Battery  of  Light  Artillery — 
embarked  on  the  steamboat  Hawkeye  State  and  left  Fort 
Snelling  for  the  same  destination.  On  arriving  at  St.  Paul, 
Colonel  Sanborn  debarked  his  command  at  the  foot  of  Chest- 
nut street,  and,  marching  through  the  city  to  the  levee,  it  took 
the  same  boat  and  proceeded  on  its  journey. 

In  the  evening  of  this  day  the  Sucker  State  landed  at  Du- 
buque, Iowa,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Thomas,  debarking  his 
six  companies,  marched  them  to  Julien  street,  the  principal 
business  street  of  the  city,  and  had  dress  parade.  Embarking 
again  we  proceeded  on  the  same  boat.  Tuesday,  the  twenty- 
second,  the  command  was  landed  at  the  rapids  above  Daven- 
port, to  lighten  the  boat  so  that  it  could  pass  over  in  the 
morning,  and  marching  past  the  bridge  and  through  Daven- 
port we  entered  a park  on  a hill  within  the  city  limits  and  had 
battalion  drill. 

While  marching  along  the  streets  many  women  were  seen 
who  were  weeping.  On  arriving  at  Montrose,  at  the  head  of 
the  rapids  above  Keokuk,  the  regiment  was  transported 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


43 


around  them  on  the  cars  and  embarked  again  on  the  same 
boats.  Arrived  at  St.  Louis  on  Wednesday,  at  10:00  p.  m. 
On  the  twent}’ -fourth,  at  10:00  A.  M.,  we  marched  out  to  Bentou 
Barracks.  The  right  wing  was  landed  at  St.  Louis  on  the 
twenty-fifth  and  joined  the  balance  of  the  regiment  at  Benton 
Barracks. 

April  30th — Wednesday. — Mustered  for  pay,  and  stood  in  line 
from  9:00  a.  m.  until  twelve  o’clock.  The  grounds  at  the  bar- 
racks include  the  fair  grounds  and  are  four  miles  from  the  city  of 
St.  Louis.  The  residence  of  Hon.  Tom  Benton  stands  near 
them. 


CHAPTER  II. 


At  Beaton  Barracks,  St.  Louis — Drawing  Mules  and  also  Steel  Vests — Leaving 
to  Joan  Halleck’s  Army  Before  Corinth — On  the  Roe— The  Last  Specie 
Payment  to  Us — Testing  the  Steel  Vest — At  Fort  Henry;  Its  Exploded 
Cannon — Debark  at  Paris  Landing — March  to  Paris — Foot  Passengers 
Plant  Their  Steel  Vests  on  Rail  Fences — “Sum  Sun  ” — “ Took  a Bite  and 
Drummed  Into  Line  ” — Ride  On  the  Gladiator  and  Break  It  Down— At 
Hamburgh  Landing — ‘ 1 Bye-Bye  Shoulder-Scales  ’ ’ — Join  Halleck’s  Army — 
Roster  of  Our  Division — March  to  Farmington  and  Borrow  the  Town — 
Operations  Before  Corinth — Piling  Up  the  Earth — Rosecrans  Takes  Com- 
mand— Schuyler  Hamilton — Rebel  Bass  Drums;  Cheering;  Explosion; 
Smoke;  Evacuation  and  a Foot  Race — We  are  After  Them — Early  History 
of  Our  Division — A Glance  at  Our  Army  Events  After  Shiloh — How  the 
Rebels  Managed  Evacuation — -Newspaper  Correspondents  “Made  to  Git” 
— Two  Battery  Boys  “In  a Fix” — Texas  Cleavers. 


Benton  Barracks. 

We  quote  from  a letter  written  home:  “Thele  barracks  are 

just  outside  of  the  city  limits  of  St.  Louis.  They  were  built  under 
orders  of  General  Fremont,  and  are  three-fourths  of  a mile  long 
and  are  capable  of  accommodating  twenty  thousand  men.  There 
are  at  present  (April  28, 1862)  about  four  thousand  here,  mostly 
Wisconsin  cavalry  and  the  Seventeenth  Iowa  Infantry.  Those 
Wisconsin  boys  say  that  our  regiment  is  the  best  drilled  one 
that  they  ever  saw.  We  had  preaching  last  Sunday  by  our 
chaplain  and  we  also  have  a prayer  on  the  color  line  every  even- 
ing at  dress  parade.  Col.  Benj.  L.  E.  Bonneville  of  the  regular 
army  commands  at  the  barracks.  We  are  now  getting  ready 
for  our  departure  South, and  Quartermaster  Hunthas  justdrawn 
one  hundred  and  twenty  mules  and  wagons  sufficient  for  the 
transportation.  The  grass  is  large  enough  for  feed  and  the  trees 
are  in  bloom.  There  are  a few  negroes  at  this  camp  who 
work  for  the  United  States  and  receive  pay.”  The  paper  upon 
which  this  letter  was  written  is  embellished  with  a large  picture 
of  the  barracks,  giving  a view  from  the  southeast  with  the 
headquarters. 


George  E.  Sly,  Company  A. 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


45 


We  had  a sutler  at  the  barracks,  and  to  keep  up  with  the 
times  he  had  steel  vests  for  sale.  These  coats  of  armor  consisted 
of  two  thin  plates  (one-sixteentli  of  an  inch  thick)  bent  to  fit 
the  chest,  and  slipped  into  an  ordinary  vest  inside  the  lining  on 
each  side.  They  could  be  taken  out  by  unbuttoning  the  bot- 
tom of  the  vest,  and  when  worn  protected  in  a measure  a 
portion  of  the  vitals.  The  price  of  these  ironclads  was 
from  seven  dollars  and  fifty  cents  to  twenty  dollars, 
according  to  the  quality  of  the  material  and  make-up 
of  the  vest.  The  boys  practiced  daily  on  the  plates  with 
revolvers,  and  many  pronounced  them  an  excellent  safe- 
guard. The  man  reaped  a rich  harvest  at  the  barracks,  and 
when  our  regiment  left  on  the  steamboat  accompanied  it  to 
Cairo.  On  the  way  down  the  river  a member  of  our  regi- 
ment, who  placed  but  little  reliance  on  them  as  a means  of  safety, 
being  urged  by  the  sutler  to  purchase,  agreed  that  if  he  was 
allowed  to  test  one  in  a satisfactory  manner  with  a minie-ball 
fired  from  a Springfield  musket  and  it  stood  the  test,  that  he 
would  purchase  one, and  also  recommend  the  other  men  of  the 
regimentto  do  so.  They  accordingly  set  up  an  inch  board  at  the 
back  end  of  the  hurricane  roof,  against  which  was  placed  a sack 
of  oats,  and  one  of  the  vest  plates  was  fitted  against  the  sack. 
The  person  then  took  a Springfield  rifle  belonging  to  Oscar 
Crandall,  one  of  Colonel  Sanborn’s  orderlies  (the  colonel’s  or- 
derlies had  the  only  Springfields  in  the  regiment  at  that  time), 
and  the  ball  went  through  the  plate,  bag  of  oats  and  board,  and 
skipped  up  the  river  out  of  sight,  to  the  great  amusement  of  all 
of  the  crowd  except  the  owner  of  the  bomb  proofs.  This  ex- 
periment stopped  the  sale  of  the  “ironclads.” 

May  2d — Friday. — We  left  Benton  Barracks,  and  marching 
through  St.  Louis  embarked  on  the  steamboat  John  J.  Roe. 
There  are  thirty  steamboats  at  the  levee.  The  Continental 
is  a large  boat  and  lays  alongside  of  the  Roe.  The  paymaster 
came  on  board  our  boat  and  paid  us  two  months’  wages  in  gold 
and  silver.  This  was  the  last  specie  payment  that  we  received 
during  our  term  of  service.  A good  many  of  our  men  allotted 
a portion  of  their  wages,  to  be  in  future  paid  to  their  relatives 
at  home.  The  Seventeenth  Iowa  Infantry  are  embarking  on 


46 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


another  boat.  We  left  the  landing  at  sundown,  and  proceeded 
on  our  journey  to  join  the  army  under  General  Halleck  before 
Corinth,  Miss. 

On  the  John  J.  Roe,  and  afterward  on  the  Gladiator,  we 
had  all  of  our  transportation,  ambulances,  officers’  horses,  sup- 
plies of  all  kinds  and  the  whole  regiment  of  one  thousand 
men.  We  mention  this  so  that  the  reader  can  form  a proper 
idea  of  the  capacity  of  a lower-river  boat. 

May  6th  — Tuesday. — Arrived  at  noon  at  Fort  Henry,  on  the 
Tennessee  river.  A great  many  of  the  men,  being  disgusted 
with  the  stiff  army  regulation  hats,  threw  them  away  and  wore 
their  forage  caps.  They  found  out  afterward  that  they  had 
made  a great  mistake,  and  that  the  hat  was  the  best  thing  that 
they  could  wear  as  a protection  against  the  weather. 

We  stopped  here  at  Fort  Henry  four  hours,  and  all  who  de- 
sired went  ashore  and  visited  the  fort.  Two  months  ago  the 
water  stood  six  feet  deep  over  this  fort,  which  is  an  earthwork 
on  low  ground  with  piles  driven  between  it  and  the  river. 
We  found  several  of  the  cannons  had  burst  in  the  fight  with 
the  gunboats  at  the  time  of  its  capture,  and  many  of  the  piles 
had  been  cut  off  by  shot.  Why  we  remained  so  long  at  this 
place  was,  that  Colonel  Lowe  could  dispatch  to  General 
Halleck  and  get  a reply.  We  went  on  up  the  river  eight 
miles  and  stopped  at  Paris  Landing.  Lieutenant  Morrill  and 
fifty  men  were  left  at  the  landing  as  guards  and  to  unload  our 
camp  equipage.  Debarked  at  midnight;  marched  five  miles 
under  a hot  sun  and  camped.  Were  joined  by  five  compa- 
nies of  cavalry  (Curtis’  Horse)  and  two  pieces  of  artillery. 
None  of  our  teams  went  except  the  ambulance.  Many  of 
our  officers  and  men  who  invested  in  steel  vests  found  it 
killing  work  to  carry  them,  and  hung  them  on  the  rail  fences. 
Col.  W.  W.  Lowe  of  the  Fifth  Iowa  Cavalry,  or  Curtis’  Horse 
as  it  was  commonly  called,  was  in  command  at  Forts  Henry 
and  Ileiman.  On  the  day  before  our  arrival  Major  Shaeffer, 
with  about  one  hundred  and  thirty  men  of  that  command,  had 
been  attacked  at  Dresden,  not  far  from  Paris,  and  pretty  badly 
cut  to  pieces  by  a force  of  1,250  cavalry,  under  the  command 
of  Col.  Thomas  Claiborne.  On  the  sixth  Colonel  Lowe  sent  a 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  YOLUNTEERS. 


47 


request  to  General  Halleck  to  know  if  he  could  keep  the 
Fourth  Minnesota  to  assist  him,  and  not  receiving  any  answer, 
took  the  responsibility  of  detaining  our  regiment. 

May  7tli — Wednesday. — Up  at  four  o’clock.  Took  a bite  and 
wTere  drummed  into  line,  feeling  mighty  stiff.  Marched  hard 
all  day — fifteen  miles — and  camped  within  three  miles  of  Paris, 
Tenn.,  where  were  said  to  he  stationed  two  thousand  two 
hundred  rebels.  We  slept  on  our  arms,  expecting  an  attack. 
The  water  along  the  road  was  very  poor;  the  day  was  terribly 
hot,  and  many  of  our  men  fell  out  from  exhaustion. 

31ay  8th — Thursday. — Up  at  4:00  a.  m.  Eat  our  hardtack  and 
meat.  Marched  to  another  road  and  started  for  the  landing. 
Marched  fifteen  miles  and  formed  an  ambuscade  at  night,  for 
the  rebels  to  fall  into.  Our  wagons  joined  us;  a clear  day. 

May  9th — Friday. — Started  early.  Marched  five  miles  and 
camped  at  2:00  P.  M.  on  the  bank  of  the  Tennessee  river,  near 
Paris  Landing,  Henry  county,  Tennessee. 

May  10th — Saturday. — In  camp.  [Population,  1880,  Paris 
Landing,  100.] 

May  11th — Sunday. — Had  inspection.  Marched  to  a grove  and 
attended  divine  service.  The  men  grumbled  a good  deal  about 
being  forced  to  attend.  A good  many  boats  are  passing  up 
and  down  the  river. 

May  12th — Monday. — Camp  drill  from  four  to  six.  Batalliou 
drill  from  eight  to  ten  and  four  to  six,  and  then  dress  parade; 
then  Company  D was  sent  out  on  picket  about  a mile  away, 
but  at  ten  o’clock  were  called  in  and  ordered  to  pack  up  and 
strike  tents,  and  we  left  on  the  steamboat  Gladiator  at  2:00  a.  m. 

May  13th — Tuesday. — We  passed  Pittsburgh  Landing  at 
twelve  o’clock.  The  steamboats  Glendale  and  Silver  Moon 
have  steam  calliopes,  which  play  the  tunes  “Dixie”  and  “The 
Girl  I Left  Behind  Me.”  This  boat  is  not  as  large  as  the  Roe, 
and  our  quarters  are  more  cramped.  Just  after  the  boat  touched 
the  shore  at  Brown’s  Landing,  Tenn.,  the  men  on  both  decks 
crowded  forward  and  both  decks  broke  down  in  front  of  the  cab- 
in, and  about  fifteen  men  were  injured.  Fully  fifty  men  were 
precipitated  to  the  lower  deck,  which  was  crowded  with  their 
comrades.  Captain  White  of  Company  F says:  “I  remember 


48 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


very  well  her  breaking  down,  I was  officer  of  the  day  that 
day,  and  in  the  Texas  at  the  time,  and  told  the  pilot  it  was  his 
fault  in  running  on  the  bank  so  hard,  and  that  if  anyone  was 
killed  he  would  suffer  for  it.”  Mr.  George  Sly  says:  “ I was 
sleeping  on  some  cracker  boxes  on  the  cabin  deck,  and  woke 
up  down  on  the  gang  plank,  the  men  crying  ‘ Look  out  for 
the  bell.’  I ran  to  the  side  of  the  boiler.  Several  men  were 
wounded  and  one  man  was  pushed ’overboard.”  That  man  was 
Anthony  Capser  of  Company  G,  and  in  trying  to  save  his  gun 
from  getting  wet  by  holding  it  up,  he  was  drowned.  Lieut. 
D.  M.  G.  Murphy  of  Company  G informs  us  that  he  was  on 
duty  at  the  time,  in  charge  of  the  guards;  that  Capser  was  sta- 
tioned at  his  post  on  guard  duty  and  was  pushed  overboard. 
As  soon  as  the  boat  approached  the  bank  the  writer  ran  down 
the  plank,  jumped  ashore,  and  stood  on  the  bank  looking  at  it 
when  it  broke  down. 

May  llfth — Wednesday. — Arrived  at  Hamburgh  Landing, 
Teun.,  early  in  the  morning.  A great  many  of  the  men  threw 
away  overcoats,  scales  and  all  unnecessary  clothing  before  dis- 
embarking. We  marched  two  miles  and  camped  on  the  road 
to  Farmington  at  Childer’s  Hill.  Weather  clear  and  hot.  Com- 
pany C boxed  their  surplus  clothing,  scales,  etc.,  and  sent  them 
home  in  their  company  mess  chest  to  Mr.  Thurston’s  at  Lake- 
ville, where  their  friends  got  them.  The  old  chest  remained 
there  for  several  years.  Company  B and  several  of  the  others 
piled  up  their  brass  shoulder  scales  on  the  ground  at  this  camp 
and  left  them.  At  dress  parade  the  band  played  “ Home,  Sweet 
Home,”  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that  there  were  not  many  dry  eyes 
in  the  regiment.  There  are  said  to  be  thirty-five  thousand 
sick  soldiers  at  this  place.  [Population,  1880,  Hamburgh, 
121.] 

May  15th — Thursday. — Up  at  1 a.  m.,  and  started  early  to  the 
army  before  Corinth,  and  joined  the  First  Brigade,  Third  Di- 
vision, Army  of  the  Mississippi.  The  Third  Division,  April 
30th, was  commanded  by  Brig.  Gen. Schuyler  Hamilton, and  con- 
sisted of  two  brigades.  We  copy  the  returns  as  follows: 

First  Brigade,  Brig.  Gen.  N.  B.  Buford’s,  consisting  of  Fifty-ninth  Indiana, 
Col.  Jesse  I.  Alexander;  Fifth  Iowa,  Col.  W.  H.  Worthington;  Tenth  Iowa, 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


49 


Col.  N.  Perczel;  Twenty-sixth  Missouri,  Col.  G.  B.  Boomer;  Eleventh  Ohio 
Battery,  Capt.  F.  C.  Sands;  Second  Brigade,  no  commander  assigned;  Forty- 
eighth  Indiana,  Col.  Norman  Eddy;  Eightieth  Ohio.  (10,  2,  147.) 

May  16th — Friday. — Our  pickets  to-day  drove  in  the  rebel 
pickets,  and  toward  night  our  division  made  an  advance. 

May  18th — Sunday. — Marched  to  Farmington,  and  intrenched 
a camp  one  mile  east  of  the  town.  The  boys  needed  lumber 
for  their  tents,  floors,  etc.,  and  made  short  work  of  the  build- 
ings, which  were  vacant;  there  were  only  a few  of  them.  Hot. 
On  the  night  of  the  twenty-first, Colonel  Worthington  of  the  Fifth 
Iowa  was  shot  dead  through  mistake  by  the  grand  guard  he  was 
visiting.  He  was  highly  respected  by  all  who  knew  him,  and 
a very  able  and  efficient  officer.  General  Pope  has  built  a 
lookout  about  ninety  feet  high  in  front  of  his  camp,  and  says 
that  he  can  see  from  the  top  of  it  into  Corinth,  and  note  every 
movement  of  consequence.  Colonel  Sanborn  is  in  command 
of  the  first  demi-brigade  of  the  first  brigade  of  our  division. 

May  2 4-th — Saturday. — The  Fifth  Minnesota  Infantry  joined 
the  army  and  was  assigned  to  Stanley’s  division.  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Thomas  is  in  command  of  our  regiment. 

May  38th — Wednesday. — We  advanced  with  the  rest  of  the 
army  one  mile  and  intrenched.  Hot.  Some  skirmishing 
and  cannonading.  Put  brush  in  front  of  our  line  to  conceal  it. 
Quite  an  engagement  began  on  the  right  of  our  line  that  ex- 
tended all  along  the  line,  and  Lieut.  David  0.  Oakes  of  Company 
F, Fifth  Minnesota,  was  killed.  Stanley’s  division , the  Second,  was 
advanced  to  the  white  house  on  Bidge  creek,  and  faced  a large 
earthwork  of  the  enemy  erected  south  of  the  Memphis  & 
Charleston  railroad.  General  Rosecrans  joined  the  army  to- 
day, and  as  he  was  riding  with  his  staff  near  the  edge  of  a 
piece  of  timber  by  the  side  of  an  open  field,  and  not  far  from 
our  regiment,  his  horse  was  wounded  by  a shot  from  the 
enemy. 

May  29th — Thursday. — On  this  day  Brig.  Gen.  Schuyler 
Hamilton  was  assigned  to  command  the  left  wing  of  the  army, 
and  Brig.  Gen.  Wm.  S.  Rosecrans  the  right  wing.  Trains  of 
cars  were  running  out  of  and  into  Corinth  all  night  long 
last  night.  We  laid  near  our  intreuchments  all  day  to-day. 

4 


50  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOTJKTH  REGIMENT  [1862 

The  firing  was  mostly  by  artillery.  At  night  our  regiment 
went  on  picket. 

May  30th — Friday. — "VVe  could  see  a heavy  smoke  this 
morning  at  daylight  in  the  direction  of  Corinth,  and 
last  night  when  we  were  on  picket  could  hear  the 
cars  running  into  and  out  of  Corinth.  We  could 
also  plainly  hear  bass  drums  beating  as  if  troops  were 
on  the  march  and  could  also  hear  troops  cheering.  At 
daybreak  two  deserters  came  to  our  regiment  and  told  us  the 
rebs.  had  evacuated  Corinth.  At  4 p.  m.  we  marched  to  the 
east  of  Corinth  and  crossing  the  Memphis  & Charleston  rail- 
road stopped  four  miles  south  of  town  by  the  side  of  the  road; 
found  lots  of  home-made  swords,  knives,  etc.,  in  abandoned 
rebel  camps.  Very  hot.  Troops  were  passing  all  night.  Lieut. 
T.  B.  Hunt,  our  regimental  quartermaster,  went  into  Corinth 
this  morning  with  General  William  Nelson  and  his  aid-de- 
camp  and  on  his  return  to  camp  brought  back  several  home- 
made Texas  cleavers.  The}’ were  large  knives,  about  afoot 
long,  having  hilts,  and  made  apparently  from  old  files.  Many 
of  the  enemy  were  armed  with  these,  expecting,  doubtless,  that 
they  would  be  a valuable  weapon  with  which  to  mince  Yankees. 
Wagon  loads  of  them  could  have  been  gathered  up  at  Corinth 
and  in  the  abandoned  camps  of  the  enemy. 


The  Early  History  of  Our  Division. 

Brig.  Gen.  Schuyler  Hamilton,  from  Feb.  28  to  March  31, 1862,  was  in  com- 
mand of  the  Second  (our)  Division,  Army  of  the  Mississippi,  which  was  organized 
at  this  time,  and  consisted  of  two  brigades.  First  Brigade,  commanded 
by  Col.  W.  H.  Worthington,  Fifth  Iowa  and  Fifty-ninth  Indiana;  Second 
Brigade,  commanded  by  Col.  N.  Perczel,  Tenth  Iowa  and  Twenty-sixth 
Missouri;  The  only  battery  in  the  division  at  that  time  was  the  Eleventh 
Ohio,  Capt.  F.  C.  Sands.  This  division  took  an  active  part  in  the  operations 
against  Island  No.  10  and  New  Madrid.  About  March  17,  1862,  General 
Hamilton  suggested  to  General  Pope  the  propriety  of  cutting  a canal  to  reach 
the  river  below  Island  No.  10.  The  country  was  carefully  examined  by  Col.  J. 
W.  Bissell  and  the  project  pronounced  practicable,  and  it  was  cut  under  his 
supervision  by  his  engineer  regiment  of  the  West, — the  First  Missouri, — other 
details  assisting.  The  canal  was  twelve  miles  long,  six  of  them  being  cut 
through  heavy  timber.  It  was  fifty  feet  wide,  and  the  trees  were  sawed  off  four 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


51 


feet  below  the  surface  of  the  water.  The  work  was  begun  on  the  twenty- 
second  and  completed  on  the  thirty-first  of  March,  and  on  April  6,  1862,  four 
transports  passed  through  it  (8,  1,  650-671)  to  New  Madrid,  which  was  evacu- 
ated by  the  enemy  March  14th,  and  also  on  the  same  date  occupied  by  the 
Second  Division  (ours).  On  April  7th  the  division  embarked  on  the  transports, 
crossed  the  Mississippi  river  and  landed  about  three  miles  below  New  Madrid, 
on  the  Kentucky  shore,  and  then  marched  four  miles  toward  Tiptonville.  At 
dawn  of  the  eighth  the  division  pushed  forward  about  ten  miles  to  Tiptonville, 
and  learned  at  noon  of  the  evacuation  of  Island  No.  10,  and  at  2 p.  M.  of  the 
surrender  of  the  forces,  and  it  was  detailed  to  guard  the  prisoners.  On  April 
10th  it  returned  to  New  Madrid.  April  12th  the  division  embarked  on  trans- 
ports and  proceeded  toward  Fort  Pillow,  and  reached  a point  five  miles  above 
it  on  April  13th.  Reconnaissances  were  made  on  the  Arkansas  shore  on  the 
fourteenth,  fifteenth  and  sixteenth,  where  orders  were  received  to  embark 
and  proceed  to  Pittsburgh  Landing,  Tenn, 

On  April  15th  General  Halleck  telegraphed  to  Pope:  “Move  with  your 

army  to  this  place,  leaving  troops  enough  with  Commodore  Foote  to  land  and 
hold  Fort  Pillow,  should  the  enemy’s  forces  withdraw.”  On  receipt  of  this 
order  General  Pope’s  army  embarked  on  their  transports  for  Pittsburgh  Landing, 
where  they  arrived  on  the  twenty-second  of  April. 

General  Pope  in  his  report  states  that  in  the  capture  of  Island  No.  10  and 
its  forces  he  did  not  have  a man  killed,  and  that  the  total  casualties  in  the 
whole  army  in  the  operations  against  No.  10  and  New  Madrid,  from  February 
28th  to  the  fourteenth  of  March,  would  foot  up  only  thirty- two,  and  of  which 
the  Second  Division  (ours)  lost  six.  (8, 1,  91.) 

The  army  was  reorganized  by  General  Pope  on  April  24th,  in  General 
Orders,  No.  38,  and  the  Second  Division  was  designated  as  the  Third  Division, 
Army  of  the  Mississippi,  and  commanded  by  Brig.  Gen.  Schuyler  Hamilton. 
The  First  Brigade,  to  be  commanded  by  Brig.  Gen.  Joseph  B.  Plummer, 
Twenty-sixth  Illinois,  Eighth  Wisconsin,  Forty-seventh  Illinois,  Eleventh  Mis- 
souri and  Nelson  T.  Spoor’s  Second  Iowa  Battery  of  Artillery.  Second 
Brigade,  Brig.  Gen.  Napoleon  B.  Buford,  Fifth  Iowa,  Fifty-ninth  Indiana, 
Tenth  Iowa,  Twenty-sixth  Missouri  and  Sands’  Ohio  Battery.  (10,  2,  121.)  On 
May  29th  Gen.  Schuyler  Hamilton  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  left 
wing  of  the  army,  and  Brig.  Gen.  Joseph  B.  Plummer  to  the  command  of 
Hamilton’s  division.  (10,  2,  224.) 

It  seems  to  us  that  no  unprejudiced  person  can  read  the  reports  and  corre- 
spondence of  General  Halleck  without  being  convinced  of  his  greatness  as  a 
military  commander.  The  extreme  caution  he  displayed  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh 
wou  Id  have  prevented  him  from  being  a very  successful  general  in  active  field  opera- 
tion, but  there  is  some  excuse  for  that.  One  of  the  greatest  battles  of  the  war 
had  just  been  fought,  and  the  Union  army  had  met  with  fearful  losses,  which 
might  have  been  avoided  in  a great  measure  if  Halleck’s  instructions  had  been 
followed.  He  had  sent  a sufficient  amount  of  intrenching  tools,  and  supposed 
that  the  army  at  Shiloh  had  an  intrenched  camp,  but  his  instructions  were  dis- 
regarded and  the  tools  were  not  used;  but  as  an  organizer  and  director  of  great 
events  he  will  stand  out  boldly  in  history  as  a great  character. 


52  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1862 

Ou  March  24th  General  Sherman  wrote  from  Pittsburgh 
Landing  to  General  Strong  : 

Most  assuredly  our  cause  has  received  a tremeudous  lift  since  we  paced  the 
piazza  at  Benton  Barracks,  and  Halleck  has  been  the  directing  geuius.  I wish 
him  all  honor  and  glory,  and  in  my  heart  I yield  to  whomsoever  has  merits 
and  talents  to  devote  to  so  worthy  a cause. 

We  copy  the  following  sent  from  Pittsburgh  Landing  by 
Sherman  to  Grant  at  Savannah,  April  5th,  the  day  before  the 
battle  of  Shiloh  (2,  10,  98): 

Your  note  is  just  received.  I have  no  doubt  that  nothing  will  occur  to-day 
more  than  some  picket  firing.  The  enemy  is  saucy,  but  got  the  worst  of  it 
yesterday,  and  will  not  pass  our  pickets  far.  I will  not  be  drawn  out  far  un- 
less with  certainty  of  advantage,  and  I do  not  apprehend  anything  like  an  at- 
tack on  our  position. 

Thus  our  army  lay  in  camp  at  Shiloh  without  in  the  slightest 
protecting  its  front.  A great  army  marched  over  the  country 
to  attack,  but  there  was  not  even  a cavalryman  out  to  see  and 
hear  and  bring  in  the  news.  As  an  explanation  of  why  Grant 
did  not,  with  Buell’s  fresh  army,  continue  the  pursuit  of  the 
enemy  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  we  quote  dispatch  from  Gen- 
eral Stager  to  Stanton,  April  12th: 

In  reply  to  my  inquiry  as  to  further  information  from  Pittsburgh 
Landing,  Mr.  Stevens,  operator  at  Cincinnati,  says  General  Halleck  gave 
orders  to  General  Grant  some  days  previous  to  the  battle  that  in  case  he  was 
attacked  not  to  pursue  the  enemy.  Consequently  pursuit  was  not  kept  up  for 
any  distance. 

And  General  Grant  in  his  Memoirs  says  that  he  wanted  to 
pursue  the  enemy,  but  had  not  the  heart  to  order  his  men  to 
do  so  after  two  days  of  desperate  lighting,  and  whenever  not 
lighting  lying  in  the  mud  and  rain,  and  he  did  not  feel  dis- 
posed to  order  Buell  or  any  part  of  his  command  to  do  so  for, 
although  the  senior  in  rank,  he  had  been  so  only  a few  weeks, 
etc. 

This  was  on  the  seventh,  and  a golden  opportunity  was  lost, 
for  if  pursuit  had  been  kept  up  its  result  would  doubtless  have 
been  disastrous  to  the  Confederates,  judging  from  the  following 
sent  by  Bragg,  three  miles  on  road  from  Mickey’s  house  to 
Corinth  at  7:30  A.  M.,  April  8th,  to  Beauregard  (2,10,399): 

Our  condition  is  horrible.  Troops  utterly  disorganized  and  demoralized. 
Road  almost  impassable.  No  provisions  and  no  forage;  consequently  everything 
is  feeble.  If  we  are  pursued  by  a vigorous  force  we  will  lose  all  in  the  rear. 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


53 


The  whole  road  presents  the  scene  of  a rout,  and  no  mortal  power  could  restrain 
it.  Straggling  parties  may  get  in  to-night.  Those  in  rear  will  suffer  much.  The 
rear  guard,  Brecknridgee  commanding,  is  left  at  Mickey’s  in  charge  of 
wounded,  etc.  The  enemy  up  to  daylight  had  not  pursued.  Have  ordered 
Breckenridge  to  hold  on  till  pressed  by  the  enemy,  but  he  will  suffer  for  want 
of  food.  Can  any  fresh  troops,  with  five  days’  rations,  be  sent  to  his  relief  ? It 
is  most  lamentable  to  see  the  state  of  affairs,  but  I am  powerless  and  almost 
exhausted.  Our  artillery  is  being  left  all  along  the  road  by  its  officers;  indeed 
I find  but  few  officers  with  their  men.  Relief  of  some  kind  is  necessary,  but 
how  it  is  to  reach  us  I can  hardly  suggest,  as  no  human  power  or  animal  power 
could  carry  empty  wagons  over  this  road  with  such  teams  as  we  have.  Breck- 
enridge’s,  same  date,  says : “Enemy  less  than  two  miles  in  front.  My 

troops  are  worn  out.  Can’t  be  relied  upon  after  the  first  volley.  The  horses 
are  sinking  rapidly  for  want  of  forage.” 

Before  Corinth. 

May  28 th — Pope  to  Halleck  (10,  2,  219) — My  command  is  drawn  up  and  will 
march  in  ten  minutes.  My  heavy  batteries  will  be  ready  to  open  by  3:00  p.  M. 
I sent  you  a dispatch  yesterday,  stating  that  I had  sent  two  regiments  of  cav- 
alry (the  Second  Iowa,  Colonel  Elliott,  and  the  Second  Michigan,  Col.  P.  H. 
Sheridan)  to  destroy  railroad  bridges,  etc.,  forty-five  miles  south  of  Corinth. 
They  are  to  be  there  early  this  morning.  They  are  commanded  by  Colonel 
Elliott,  and  will  undoubtedly  perform  the  service  at  some  portion  of  the  road 
to-day. 

And  later  (220) : 

My  command  is  in  position  after  sharp  skirmishing.  Enemy  driven  back 
across  creek.  To  our  left  and  front,  on  the  opposite  side,  is  an  intrenched 
position,  with  artillery  about  five  hundred  yards  distant.  My  four  thirty- 
pounder  Parrotts  are  in  front  and  now  being  placed  in  battery;  they  will 
open  in  an  hour,  when,  if  practicable,  I will  carry  and  hold  the  enemy’s 
intrenched  position.  I think  it  is  not  a portion  of  their  main  works,  but 
half  a mile  in  advance.  From  prisoners  I am  satisfied  there  is  no  battery  or 
work  on  Widow  Phillips’  place,  which  is  on  my  right  and  front  and  half 
way  between  the  two  roads  to  Corinth. 

Pope  to  Stanley  — Feel  in  with  your  skirmishers  toward  the  battery  on  my 
left  and  see  what  you  can  do  with  it.  I will  send  the  sharpshooters  from 
Paine’s  right  to  turn  it  on  its  right.  Have  your  columns  ready  to  march,  and 
if  you  deem  it  practicable,  carry  the  nearest  work.  Leave  at  least  one  brigade 
to  watch  your  right  and  rear  and  if  you  need  more,  call  on  Morgan  or  General 
Paine,  who  are  just  in  your  rear.  If  by  waiting  for  the  thirty-pounder  Parrotts 
you  can  silence  the  battery,  wait,  and  don’t  attempt  to  storm.  Meantime  put 
Colonel  Bissell  to  work  for  the  Parrotts  and  your  own  men  to  digging  rifle-pits. 

General  Sherman  also  this  clay  advanced  his  lines  on  the 
extreme  right  of  Halleck’s  army  at  Russell’s  house, — a double 


54 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


structure  built  of  logs, — where  he  occupied  with  two  brigades 
a ridge  running  east  and  west  which  had  a wagon  road  down 
to  the  Mobile  & Ohio  railroad. 

May  29 th — Pope  1o  IlaUeck  (223) — The  intrenched  works  of  the  enemy  have 
not  been  abandoned,  although  the  guns  have  been  withdrawn  and  are  limbered 
up  in  the  rear,  supported  by  a heavy  infantry  force.  The  work  is  just  south 
of  the  Memphis  & Charleston  railroad,  which  is  much  nearer  than  supposed. 
The  railroad  runs  through  a deep  cut  in  front  of  the  battery.  Behind  it  and 
between  the  two  railroads  the  forces  of  Van  Dorn  and  Price  are  massed.  I 
can  bring  on  a battle  immediately  if  you  desire  it.  I will  post  my  heavy 
Parrotts  so  as  to  play  upon  the  work. 

I would  suggest  that  my  only  further  advance,  under  present  circumstances, 
must  be  in  the  direction  of  the  railroad,  where  I should  meet  Van  Dorn  and 
Price  and  a part  at  least  of  Hardee’s  forces.  I have  not  yet  heard  from  the  ex- 
pedition down  the  Mobile  & Ohio  railroad.  The  reconnaissance  I sent  out  this 
morning  developed  the  enemy  in  heavy  force  in  front  of  Hamilton,  on  the 
right  of  the  intrenched  position  of  the  enemy. 

May  30 th,  1:20  A.  M. — Pope  to  Halleck  (10,  2,225)  — The  enemy  is  re-enforcing 
heavily,  by  trains  in  my  front  and  on  my  left.  The  cars  are  running  constantly 
and  the  cheering  is  immense  every  time  they  unload  in  front  of  me.  I have 
no  doubt,  from  all  appearances,  that  I shall  be  attacked  in  heavy  force  at  day- 
light. 

Sliermnn  to  Halleck  (228)  — Please  explain  to  me,  as  early  as  possible,  the 
explosions  at  Corinth.  The  whole  is  now  enveloped  in  dense  smoke,  yet  the 
rebels  are  in  my  front.  Cars  ran  all  nigbt  with  long  trains.  I have  ordered 
Rosecrans  forward  and  to  my  right. 

Halleck  to  Sherman  — I cannot  explain.  General  Pope  telegraphed  me  at 
one  o’clock  this  morning  that  the  enemy  opposite  his  left  were  receiving  large 
re-enforcements,  each  train  load  as  it  landed  being  received  with  cheers.  It  is 
the  impression  that  Corinth  is  to  be  given  up,  and  a stand  made  in  the  angle 
between  the  two  railroads.  Advance  your  force  and  feel  the  enemy  strongly  if 
still  in  your  front. 

May  30 th,  6 A.  M. — From  Pope  — All  very  quiet  since  four  o’clock.  Twenty- 
six  trains  left  during  the  night.  A succession  of  loud  explosions,  followed  by 
dense  black  smoke  in  clouds.  Everything  indicates  evacuation  and  retreat.  I 
am  pushing  forward  my  skirmishers  in  several  directions  toward  Corinth;  will 
telegraph  you  iu  a few  minutes. 

7:30  a.  M. — I am  in  possession  of  the  enemy’s  intrenched  position,  an  em- 
brasured work  of  seven  guns.  Four  regiments  are  feeling  their  way  into  Cor- 
inth, and  are  now  within  three- fourths  of  a mile  of  the  town;  the  whole  country 
here  seems  to  be  fortified. 

8:40  a.  m. — My  advance  (the  Thirty-ninth  Ohio  and  Forty-second  Illinois) 
entered  the  town  and  planted  the  United  States  flag  on  the  courthouse  at  6:40 
this  morning.  They  were  the  first  troops  in  the  place. 

[As  Corinth  was  in  Tishoming  county  at  this  time,  and  the  county  seat 
being  at  Jacinto,  where  the  courthouse  was  located,  the  statement  must  have 
been  an  error — Ed.] 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  YOLUNTEERS. 


55 


The  Evacuation  of  Corinth. 

We  copy  from  the  Confederate  Records  (10,  2,  545): 

On  Sunday  night,  May  25, 1862,  General  Hardee  sent  the  following  to  Beaure 
gard  : “I  have  thought  it  proper  to  reduce  my  views  to  writing  on  the  subject 
we  were  discussing  to-day.  You  will  give  them  whatever  weight  they  deserve. 
They  are  honestly  entertained.  I think  our  situation  critical,  and  whatever  is 
resolved  on  should  be  carried  promptly  into  execution.  The  situation  at 
Corinth  requires  that  we  should  attack  the  enemy  at  once,  or  await  his  attack, 
or  evacuate  the  place.  Assuming  that  we  have  fifty  thousand  men  and  the  enemy 
nearly  twice  that  number  protected  by  intrenchments,  I am  clearly  of  opinion 
that  no  attack  should  be  made.  Our  forces  are  inferior,  and  the  battle  of 
Shiloh  proves  with  only  the  advantage  of  position  it  was  hazardous  to  contend 
against  his  superior  strength,  and  to  attack  him  in  his  intrenchments  now 
would  probably  inflict  on  us  and  the  Confederacy  a fatal  blow.  Neither  the 
number  nor  instruction  of  our  troops  renders  them  equal  to  the  task.  I think 
we  can  successfully  repel  any  attack  on  our  camp  by  the  enemy,  but  it 
is  manifest  no  attack  is  meditated.  It  will  be  approached  gradually  and  will 
be  shelled  and  bombarded  without  equal  means  to  respond.  This  will  compel 
us  to  make  sorties  against  his  intrenched  positions  under  most  adverse  circum- 
stances or  to  evacuate  the  place.  The  latter  seems  to  me  inevitable.  If  so,  the 
only  remaining  question  is,  whether  the  place  should  be  evacuated  before  or 
after  or  during  its  defense.”  * * * etc. 

Beauregard  replied  and  stated  he  “had  already  commenced 
giving  orders  to  my  chiefs  of  staff  departments  for  its  execution. 
But  everything  that  is  done  must  be  done  under  the  plea  of 
the  intention  to  take  the  offensive  at  the  opportune  moment. 
Every  commander  of  corps  must  get  everything  ready  to 
move  at  a moment’s  notice,  and  must  see  to  the  proper  condi- 
tion of  the  roads  and  bridges  his  corps  is  to  travel  upon.” 

General  Orders,  ISTo.  54,  of  May  24, 1862,  from  Beauregard’s 
headquarters  read: 

All  newspaper  and  other  correspondents  are  hereby  ordered  to  leave  this 
post  by  the  first  train,  nor  will  they  be  permitted  to  return  within  twenty-five 
miles  of  the  lines.  Officers  and  soldiers  are  forbidden  to  write  of  the  move- 
ments of  the  army  in  their  correspondence,  and  the  general  commanding 
confidently  relies  on  the  patriotism  of  his  troops  for  the  faithful  execution  of 
this  order. 

The  original  ordersfor  the  evacuation  of  Corinth  were  issued 
May  27th,  and  the  retrograde  movement  by  the  troops  was  to 
begin  at  3:00  a.  m.  on  the  twenty-ninth  instant.  But  as  the  prop- 
erty could  not  be  moved  in  the  time,  on  the  twenty-eighth 


56 


HISTORY  OR  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


orders  were  issued  delay  in  a;  the  movement  until  the  thirtieth, 
and  on  the  twenty-ninth  the  following  order  was  issued  by  Gen- 
eral Beauregard: 


General:  The  following  modifications  have  been  made  in  the  order  rela- 

tive to  the  retrograde  movement  from  this  place: 

First — At  sundown  the  light  batteries  must  be  sent  to  about  one  mile  from 
the  intrenched  lines, in  order  to  avoid  communicating  to  the  enemy  any  informa- 
tion of  the  movement.  These  batteries  must  be  so  placed  outside  of  the  road  so 
as  to  follow  their  brigades  at  night  without  any  difficulty. 

Second — At  8:00  p.  M.  the  heavy  batteries  of  the  lines  must  be  removed  with- 
out noise  and  sent  to  the  central  depot. 

Third  — At  10:00  p.  M.  the  retrograde  movementof  the  forces  is  to  commence, 
as  already  instructed. 

Fourth  — At  12:00  p.  m.,  or  as  soon  thereafter  as  possible,  the  rear  guard  is  to 
follow  the  movement. 

Fifth  — As  soon  as  the  army  of  the  Mississippi  shall  have  got  beyond  the 
Tuscumbia,  and  the  army  of  the  West  beyond  Ridge  creek,  General  Beall,  chief 
of  cavalry  at  Corinth,  shall  be  informed  of  the  fact,  and  the  positions  in  rear  of 
said  streams  shall  be  held  until  all  trains  shall  be  considered  beyond  the  reach 
of  the  enemy. 

Sixth  — Campfires  must  be  kept  up  all  night  by  the  troops  in  position  and 
then  by  the  cavalry. 

Seventh  — Three  signal  rockets  shall  be  sent  up  at  three  o’clock  in  the  morn- 
ing by  the  cavalry  pickets  of  Generals  Van  Dorn,  Bragg  and  Polk. 

Eighth — All  artesian  and  other  wells  must  be  destroyed  this  evening  by  a 
detachment  from  each  brigade.  All  artesian  well  machinery  must  be  sent  forth- 
with to  the  depot  for  transportation  to  Saltillo. 

Ninth  — Whenever  the  railroad  engine  whistles  during  the  night  near  the  in- 
trenchments  the  troops  in  the  vicinity  will  cheer  repeatedly,  as  though 
re-enforcements  had  been  received. 

May  31st — Saturday. — Marched  one  mile  and  camped  three- 
quarters  of  a mile  from  the  railroad  and  three  miles  south  of 
Corinth.  Our  boys  were  strolling  through  the  woods  early  this 
morning  and  examining  the  rebel  camps,  in  many  of  which  the 
tents  had  all  been  left  standing,  and  large  quantities  of  bar- 
reled salt  beef,  molasses  and  other  stores  were  scattered  about. 
Two  of  the  Eleventh  Ohio  batterymen,  who  had  started  out 
prospecting  rather  earlier  than  the  rest  of  us,  came  suddenly 
upon  two  rebel  guards  who  had  not  been  relieved  and  who  did 
not  know  that  their  army  had  evacuated  Corinth.  The  two 
rebels  at  once  arrested  the  Ohio  boys  and  were  marching  them 
off  through  the  woods,  when  our  two  men  turned  suddenly 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INPANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


57 


and  seized  their  captors,  and  a desperate  struggle  ensued  for 
the  possession  of  the  two  muskets.  One  of  our  men  being 
stronger  than  his  antagonist  soon  had  him  down,  and  wrench- 
ing  his  musket  away,  raised  it  to  shoot  the  other  rebel,  who 
had  his  prisoner  down  and  was  just  in  the  act  of  raising  his 
musket  to  shoot  the  other  batteryman;  but  not  being  quick 
enough,  was  made  to  drop  his  gun  and  let  the  little  man  up,  who 
picked  up  the  gun,  and  they  marched  the  two  rebels  into  our 
lines  as  their  prisoners.  There  is  a depot  here  on  the  I’ailroad 
about  two  miles  from  Corinth,  where  the  enemy  left  some 
stores,  consisting  of  a long  tier  of  barreled  salt,  fifty  army 
wmgons  that  had  their  axles  burned  off,  and  quite  a quantity 
of  sugar,  molasses  and  rice.  We  found  several  dead  rebels 
near  the  depot  that  our  cavalry  had  killed. 


CHAPTER  III. 


We  March  to  Booneville—  Farewell  to  Our  Noah’s  Arks  (Mess  Chests) — Burned 
Train  of  Cars — Pope  Left  Us— Back  to  Rienzi — To  Clear  Creek — First  Gray- 
backs — Muffled  Drums  Sad  Roll — Half  the  Regiment  Sick — The  Angel  of 
Death  Comes  Often — Terrible  March  to  Ripley  and  Back  to  Rienzi — Death 
of  Lieutenant  Judd;  A Lock  of  Hair — Governor  Ramsey  Visits  Us — A 
Change  of  Commanders — Halleck  Leaves — Visit  to  Shiloh — Roster  of  Di- 
vision— Charles  S.  Hamilton — Guarding  Rebel  Com  Fields  and  Wells  of 
Water;  Five  Cents  for  a Canteen  of  Water — Pigs  Nose  Through  Camp 
with  Impunity — To  Jacinto — Off  on  a Scout — News  of  Indian  Massacre; 
Want  to  Go  Home;  Men  Distracted;  Gilman  Goes — Good  Foraging;  Peaches 
Galore— Receipt  for  Making  Our  Ovens — Expect  an  Attack — March  for 
Iuka. 

June  1st — Sunday. — Several  of  us  were  searching  around  the 
depot  here  near  the  railroad,  two  miles  south  of  Corinth;  just 
west  of  the  track  discovered  a grave  with  a board  up,  marked 
3 T.  X.,  and  believing  that  the  enemy  could  not  have  retreated 
with  all  of  their  artillery,  but  had  buried  some  of  it,  we  took 
our  bayonets  and  some  shingles  and  dug  into  the  grave,  ex- 
pecting to  unearth  a cannon,  but,  after  laboring  a long  time, 
struck  a coffin  and  the  remains  of  a dead  Texan. 

June  2d. — Marched  early  across  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Mobile  & Ohio  railroad  to  Rienzi,  twelve  miles.  Hot  and 
dusty,  poor  water  and  not  much  to  eat;  boys  grumbling;  two 
companies  sent  out  on  grand  guard;  rained  all  night.  We 
left  our  tents  and  camp  equipage  behind  in  camp. 

June  3d. — Started  in  the  afternoon  at  three  o’clock  and 
marched  through  the  mud  and  rain  to  the  railroad  near  Boone- 
ville (twenty-one  miles  by  the  railroad  south  of  Corinth);  got 
here  at  9:00  p.  m.,  rolled  into  our  blankets.  At  half-past  ten 
formed  line  of  battle.  At  1:00  A.  M.  routed  out  and  marched  two 
miles  in  mud  to  our  knees  and  camped  down  for  the  balance  ot 
the  night  beside  the  railroad.  The  company  mess  chests  and 
cooking  outfit  was  abandoned,  and  each  man  had  to  cook  for 
himself.  Our  ten  company  mess  chests  were  ponderous 
pieces  of  furniture,  being  as  wide  as  an  army  wagon,  about 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


59 


five  or  six  feet  long  and  five  feet  high,  and  in  them  were  stored 
knives  and  forks,  plates,  cups  and  other  articles,  deemed  at 
that  time  absolutely  necessary. 

We  saw  here  at  Booneville  the  remains  of  a train,  consisting 
of  one  locomotive  and  twenty-seven  cars,  which  had  been 
loaded  with  the  enemy's  war  material  and  destroyed  by  our 
cavalry  under  Colonel  Elliott  and  Col.  P.  H.  Sheridan.  [Pop- 
lation  of  Booneville,  1880,  608.] 

On  July  3d  General  Halleck  telegraphed  to  Washington 
(671):  “I  have  seeu  a published  statement  of  General  Beaure- 

gard that  my  telegram  respecting  the  capture  of  locomotives, 
prisoners  and  arms  contained  as  many  lies  as  lines.  The  num- 
ber of  locomotives  captured  was  reported  to  be  nine;  Beaure- 
gard says  only  seven.  It  turns  out  on  a full  investigation  that 
we  captured  eleven.”  In  his  report  of  the  evacuation,  General 
Beauregard  says  that  “but  for  some  unfortunate  and  needless 
delay  on  the  part  of  the  Memphis  & Charleston  Railroad  of 
some  five  trains  of  box  cars  in  passing  beyond  the  bridges 
over  the  Hatchie  river  and  its  branches,  which  in  the  plan  of 
evacuation  had  been  directed  to  be  destroyed  at  a certain  hour 
in  the  morning  of  the  thirtieth,  not  an  incideut  would  have 
marred  in  the  least  the  success  of  the  evacuation  in  the  face  of 
a force  so  largely  superior.  It  was,  however,  through  a too 
rigid  execution  of  orders  that  these  bridges  were  burned,  and 
we  were  obliged  to  destroy  the  trains  as  far  as  practicable  and 
burn  the  stores,  including  some  valuable  subsistence.”  The 
locomotives  were  disabled  but  not  destroyed,  and  they  were 
soon  repaired  and  in  running  order.  (10,  1,  763.) 

We  copy  the  following  as  a sample  of  General  Halleck’s 
way  of  doing  business.  General  Pope  had  left  Corinth  to 
visit  his  family  at  St.  Louis  (17,  2,  17) : 

Stanton  to  Pope — June  19,  1862 — I am  glad  to  learn  from  Mr.  Horton  that 
you  are  at  St.  Louis  to-day.  If  your  orders  will  admit,  and  you  can  be  absent 
long  enough  from  your  command,  I would  be  glad  to  see  you  at  Washington. 

Pope  to  Stanton — June  20,  1862 — I leave  for  Washington  in  the  morning. 

Pope  to  Halleck  ( same  day) — The  Secretary  of  War  telegraphs  me  that  he 
desires  to  see  me  in  Washington  for  a day  or  two,  if  it  will  not  interfere  with 
your  plans  by  going.  I may  he  detained  a few  days  longer,  not  more  than  that. 
Shall  I go?  Please  answer  immediately. 


60 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


Halleck  to  Pope — Corinth,  Miss.,  June  21,  1862 — The  Secretary  of  War  can 
order  you  to  Washington  if  he  deems  proper;  but  I cannot  give  you  leave,  as 
I think  your  services  here  of  the  greatest  possible  importance.  Your  command 
is  directly  in  the  face  of  Beauregard,  and  I think  you  should  be  at  its  head  as 
soon  as  you  can  leave  your  family. 

General  Pope  went  to  Washington  and  took  command  ot 
that  army. 

June  8th.  — Saturday. — Our  tents  and  camp  equipage  came  to 
camp  here  to-day.  It  is  twenty  miles  back  to  our  camp  near 
Corinth. 

June  10th — Tuesday. — Marched  through  Rienzi  toward  Cor- 
inth ten  miles.  Clear  weather. 

June  12th — Thursday. — Arrived  at  our  old  camp  south  of 
Corinth  a little  after  noon.  Clear  and  hot. 

June  13th  — Friday. — Moved  one-fourth  mile  and  policed  a 
camp.  Clear.  The  grounds  do  not  suit. 

June  14-th — Saturday. — Moved  one  and  one-half  miles  and 
policed  another  camp,  which  does  not  suit. 

June  15th — Sunday. — Moved  one-half  mile  to  Camp  Clear 
Creek.  Policed  camp.  Hot.  Clear.  Good  water.  Comrade 
Sly  says : “ Saw  my  first  grayback.”  We  are  five  miles  southeast 
from  Corinth,  and  about  a mile  south  of  the  Memphis  & 
Charleston  railroad,  near  a fine  creek,  on  a hill  in  the  piney 
woods. 

The  water  of  Tuscumbia  creek,  eight  or  nine  miles  south  of 
Corinth,  is  had.  It  is  a dull,  sluggish  stream  of  muddy  water, 
in  the  midst  of  wild,  tangled  swamps.  Clear  creek  is  a clear, 
running  brook  of  excellent  water,  twenty-five  or  thirty  feet 
wide,  with  many  springs  along  the  banks,  and  with  no  swampy 
land  whatever  in  the  neighborhood.  It  affords  fine  water  to 
drink  and  abundance  for  bathing  purposes.  There  is  no  such 
stream  between  Tuscumbia  creek  and  Guntown. 

On  several  mornings  after  we  went  to  Camp  Clear  Creekour 
men  were  abused  and  blackguarded  by  an  officer  when  they 
went  to  sick  call.  I stood  and  heard  it  and  my  blood  fairly 
boiled  with  indignation.  Several  who  stated  that  they  had  been 
suffering  with  chronic  diarrhea  for  quite  a length  of  time  were 
strongly  recommended  to  make  use  of  a red-hot  poker  for  their 
affliction.  I will  not  repeat  the  vulgar  and  abusive  language 


Charles  H.  Brown,  Company  B. 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


61 


made  use  of,  as  it  is  too  vulgar  to  see  in  print,  but  the  black- 
guardism and  abuse  of  our  sick  and  accusing  them  of  playing- 
off  when  they  went  to  sick  call  soon  ceased,  because  the  angel 
of  death  visited  us  and  almost  every  evening  at  sundown  the 
solemn,  mournful  strains  of  the  dead  march  and  the  funeral 
volley  sounded  through  the  camp  as  our  heroes  were  being  laid 
to  rest.  My  brother,  Charles  H.  Brown  of  Company  B,  went 
there  and  on  his  return  I asked  him  if  he  had  received  any 
medicine  or  advice,  and  he  replied:  “I  received  nothing  but 
abuse.  I was  abused  like  a dog  and  told  that  I was  not  sick 
but  playing  off.  All  of  our  boys  are  abused  who  go  there.  I 
will  not  go  back  there  again.  No!  I would  rather  die  than  go 
back  to  that  sick  call.”  The  next  morning  he  was  delirious 
and  unconscious.  I procured  a hospital  stretcher  and  by  the 
help  of  a comrade  belonging  to  our  company  carried  him  into 
one  of  the  tents  used  as  our  regimental  hospital,  and  leaving 
my  duties  in  the  subsistence  department  spent  all  of  my  time 
nursing  him.  Dr.  Cross  soon  came  into  the  tent,  pronounced 
the  disease  typhoid  fever,  and  prescribed.  I procured  the  reme- 
dies at  the  dispensary  and  remained  day  and  night  by  his  cot 
until  he  expired.  Dr.  Cross  and  George  Lambert,  our  hospital 
steward,  were  kind  and  considerate.  William  T.  Churchill  of 
our  company  was  acting  as  a nurse  in  our  hospital  at  this  time 
and  aided  me  in  my  labors,  and  I can  never  forget  his  kindness 
in  so  doing. 

June  26  th — Thursday. — Our  comrade,  Jonas  Johnson  of  Com- 
pany B,  made  a coffin  of  rough  boards  in  camp,  and  at  sun- 
down Charley’s  body  was  buried  with  military  honors.  He  was 
a strong  and  robust  young  man,  genial  in  his  disposition  and  a 
favorite  among  his  companions.  He  went  in  bathing  in  the 
sluggish  waters  of  Tuscumbia  creek  on  the  evening  of  the 
twelfth,  just  previous  to  our  coming  to  this  camp,  and  we  attrib- 
uted his  sickness  to  that  cause. 

“Hard  Times  in  Dixie.” 

In  the  Hospital. 

BY  T.  M.  YOUNG  OF  COMPANY  A. 

“To  every  soldier  of  Pope’s  grand  division  who  was  with  the 
army  after  the  evacuation  of  Corinth,  May  19,  1862,  and  from 


62 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


that  on  through  the  early  summer  of  that  year,  the  name  of 
Camp  Clear  Creek  will  mean  more  than  it  is  possible  for  any 
one  not  conversant  with  the  facts  to  realize.  In  less  than 
three  weeks  from  the  time  we  went  into  camp  there  fully  four- 
fifths  of  the  whole  grand  division  were  sick.  For  weeks  the 
deaths  averaged  one  a day  for  each  of  the  new  regiments,  and 
nearly  that  for  the  old  regiments  counting  the  same  number  of 
men.  For  a while  the  dead  were  buried  with  customary 
honors  of  war;  finally  the  sound  of  the  three  volleys  became  so 
depressing  to  the  sick  that  it  was  by  order  discontinued.  The 
men  moved  around  with  a sort  of  dogged  indifference,  appar- 
ently careless  what  befell  them.  There  was,  considering  the 
circumstances,  very  little  complaining,  and  what  there  was  us- 
ually came  from  men  who  were  useful  only  to  draw  their  pay 
and  rations.  I must  say  to  the  honor  of  the  men,  that  with  all 
the  good  soldiers  with  whom  I became  acquainted  in  nearly 
four  years  of  service,  that  I never  knew  more  than  half  a 
dozen  chronic  kickers.  When  later  in  the  year  the  active  cam- 
paign work  began  the  effect  of  so  much  sickness  became  more 
apparent,  a march  of  any  magnitude  caused  them  to  fall  out  by 
the  hundred;  their  strength  was  not  nearly  equal  to  the  re- 
quirements. The  weather  was  excessively  hot,  the  water  was 
filthy,  the  air  was  poisoned  by  the  exhalations  from  thousands 
of  sinks  and  cesspools,  as  well  as  from  thousands  of  graves  of 
men  and  animals,  while  it  was  almost  impossible  to  find  any 
open  ground  within  a radius  of  five  miles  from  Corinth  that 
had  not  been  used  as  a camp  by  the  troops  of  one  or  the  other 
of  the  armies.  Under  such  circumstances  no  one  can  wonder 
that  disease  and  death  had  a rich  harvest.  In  Vicksburg  after 
the  surrender  it  was  almost  as  bad.  No  one  ever  will  know 
the  sickness  and  suffering  endured  by  Grant’s  army  at  that 
place;  tens  of  thousands  were  sent  North,  hoping  the  climatic 
change  would  benefit  them,  but  only  disappointment  met  a 
proportion  of  them.  The  seeds  of  disease  were  too  deeply  im- 
planted and  they  were  laid  away  among  friends  instead  of  among 
enemies.  All  through  the  trying  campaigns  of  1863  sickness 
played  a prominent  part.  The  men,  even  those  who  had  be- 
come in  a measure  used  to  the  climate,  suffered  intensely  from 


1862]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS.  63 

the  miasmas  which  are  always  prevalent  in  Mississippi  and 
Louisiana.  The  Yazoo  Pass  expedition  cost  many  hundreds 
of  lives,  though  but  few  were  lost  in  action  or  from  the  usual 
casualties  of  war.  The  hospitals  in  the  vicinity  of  Milliken’s 
Bend  at  Young’s  Point,  Louisiana,  were  for  many  months 
crowded  with  the  sick  from  Grant’s  army  at  the  front,  and  the 
levees  for  miles  were  crowded  with  graves  of  Union  soldiers. 

Do  not  for  a moment  think  that  all  the  courage  of  that  grand 
army  was  shown  in  battle.  It  does  not  require  one-half  the 
courage  to  take  one’s  place  in  the  line  of  battle  and  charge  a 
battery  amid  the  noise  and  excitement  incident  to  such  an  af- 
fair that  it  does  to  lie  at  death’s  door  in  the  hospital  and  never 
complain  or  become  homesick.  It  is  hard  to  be  sick  nigh  unto 
death,  far  from  friends,  perhaps  among  entire  strangers,  not 
one  of  whose  faces  have  been  known  before.  The  history  of 
one  hospital  is  the  story  of  all,  and  with  all  the  aid  which  our 
glorious  women  sent  to  the  sick  and  wounded  through  the  sani- 
tary commission,  we  can  safely  say  that  it  was  only  the  timid, 
half-hearted  ones  who  were  not  glad  when  the  order  came  per- 
mitting them  to  go  to  their  regiments  at  the  front.” 

The  muffled  drum’s  sad  roll  has  beat 
The  soldier’s  last  tattoo ! 

No  more  on  life’s  parade  shall  meet 
That  brave  but  fallen  few. 

On  Fame’s  eternal  camping  ground 
Their  silent  tents  are  spread 

And  Glory  guards,  with  solemn  round, 

The  bivouac  of  the  dead. 

A good  deal  of  complaint  was  heard  among  the  men  of  the 
regiment,  that  canned  goods  and  other  delicacies  sent  to  the 
regiment  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  were  sick  or  convales- 
cent, were  not  used  for  that  purpose,  but  went  to  feed  strong 
and  healthy  men,  and  the  pile  of  empty  cans  near  Morrow’s 
mess  told  its  own  story  to  our  men  more  plainly  than  we  can 
do  so  in  these  pages.  To  see  officers  who  were  drawing  a 
salary  of  over  a hundred  dollars  a month  “hogging  down”  the 
choicest  hams  and  rations  belonging  to  the  enlisted  men  was  a 
sight  that  must  have  made  angels  weep  on  more  than  one 
occasion. 


64 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


Augustus  W.  Littlefield  of  Company  H was  detailed  here, 
at  Camp  Clear  Creek,  to  aid  us  in  our  duties  in  the  commis- 
sary of  subsistence  department.  We  discover  in  the  record  of 
the  regiment  that  at  a subsequent  period  he  was  marked  as  a 
deserter.  The  writer  is  not  informed  of  the  circumstances 
connected  with  that  record,  but  his  return  to  the  regiment, 
participation  in  the  battle  of  Allatoona  and  death  of  wounds 
received,  tells  its  own  story.  During  our  intercourse  with  him 
we  found  him  to  he  a good  and  faithful  man. 

June  27th — Friday.  — Marched  twelve  miles  to  Rienzi.  [Pop- 
ulation about  400.] 

June  28th  — Saturday.  — Marched  fifteen  miles  to  the 

Hatchie  river. 

June  29th  — Sunday.  — Marched  ten  miles  to  Ripley,  Miss. 
[Population,  1880,  637.] 

July  1st — Tuesday.  — Marched  to  Rienzi.  [Population,  1880, 
316.] 

July  4-th  — Friday.  — Governor  Ramsey  of  Minnesota  arrived 
and  addressed  the  regiment. 

July  9th — Wednesday. — The  death  of  Lieut..  R.  A.  Judd 
occurred  at  Rienzi  on  the  ninth  aud  cast  a gloom  over  the 
whole  regiment.  Previous  to  his  enlistment  he  was  a Metho- 
dist minister  and  stationed  at  Glencoe.  He  went  with  his 
company  to  Fort  Ridgely  and  served  while  there  as  post 
quartermaster.  On  the  first  day  out  from  Clear  creek  he  was 
prostrated  by  the  heat,  and  being  requested  to  get  into  an 
ambulance  and  ride,  refused  at  first  to  do  so,  because  so  many 
of  our  men  were  hobbling  along  with  blistered  feet.  Finally, 
when  he  could  walk  no  further,  he  got  in  and  rode  back  to 
Rienzi,  and  was  then  taken  to  the  hospital.  Comrade  Joseph 
A.  Goding  of  Company  B was  detailed  to  take  care  of  him,  and 
he  received  the  best  of  attention.  But  all  was  unavailing,  he 
died  yesterday  morning  at  three  o’clock.  He  had  been  for 
several  days  previous  to  leaving  on  the  march  complaining  of 
feeling  unwell,  but  did  not  put  himself  under  the  surgeon’s  care 
until  it  was  too  late.  I think  his  disease  was  fever  and  bloody 
flux.  He  certainly  had  both,  but  I believe  the  doctors  pro- 
nounced it  something  else  (varioloid).  We  thought  he  would 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


65 


get  well,  but  all  at  on.ce  were  surprised  by  the  sad  news  of  his 
death.  We  buried  him  at  dusk  yesterday  with  military 
honors,  in  the  village  cemetery  at  Rienzi.  I am  told  he  did 
not  appear  to  suffer  much  and  died  very  easy.  When  asked 
if  he  knew  that  he  would  die,  he  said,  “I  am  going  home,” 
and  he  asked  his  nurse  if  he  too  would  not  go.  I have  met 
but  few  such  men  as  Lieutenant  Judd,  perfect  to  a fault,  gen- 
erous and  kind,  a good  Christian  and  an  able  man.  He  was 
twenty-six  years  of  age.  Governor  Ramsey  is  here  and  will 
remain  a few  days.  He  says  he  thinks  that  he  will  take  about 
half  our  regiment  to  Minnesota  to  see  if  the  climate  will  not 
cure  those  who  are  sick.  Minnesota  ought  to  be  our  hospital. 
At  the  burial  of  Lieutenant  Judd  our  whole  regiment  marched 
with  reversed  arms,  led  by  our  fine  brass  band  playing  the 
“ Dead  March  in  Saul,”  to  the  village  cemetery,  where  we  de- 
posited his  remains,  marked  his  grave  and  sent  a description 
of  it  to  his  relatives,  who  reside  in  Tioga  county,  New  York. 
Company  C composed  the  firing  party  at  the  grave.  A 
touching  incident  is  connected  with  his  death.  Just  as  he 
was  being  placed  in  the  coffin,  the  writer,  desiring  to  preserve 
something  in  remembrance  of  him,  severed  with  .his  knife  a 
lock  of  hair  and  put  it  into  his  pocket-book.  After  our  return  to 
Camp  Clear  Creek,  a lady  in  St.  Paul,  the  affianced  bride  of 
Lieutenant  Judd,  wrote  to  Lieut.  C.  L.  Snyder  and  begged  for 
some  memento  of  his,  saying  that  she  was  very  sick  and  hoped 
that  he  would  find  it  in  his  power  to  gratify  the  heartfelt  wish 
of  a dying  girl.  The  writer,  who  had  preserved  the  lock  of 
hair,  presented  it  to  Lieutenant  Snyder,  who  sent  it  to  the 
young  lady. 

July  10tl\  — Thursday. — Marched  to  Camp  Clear  Creek. 

Halleck  Leaves  the  West. 

Executive  Mansion,  Washington , D.  C.,  July  11,  1862  — Ordered,  That  Maj. 
Gen.  Henry  W.  Halleck  be  assigned  to  command  the  whole  land  forces  of  the 
United  States,  as  general-in-chief,  and  that  he  repair  to  this  capitol  as  soon  as 
he  can  with  safety  to  the  positions  and  operations  within  the  department  un- 
der his  charge.  A.  Lincoln. 

5 


66 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


July  14th — Lincoln  to  Halleck — I am  very  anxious — almost  impatient — 
to  have  you  here.  Have  clue  regard  to  what  you  leave  behind.  When  can  you 
reach  here?  (17,  2,  100.) 

Halleck  to  Sherman  — Corinth,  July  16,  1862  ( Confidential ) — Major  General 
Sherman,  Moscow  — I am  ordered  to  Washington  and  leave  to-morrow  (Thurs- 
day). I have  done  my  best  to  avoid  it.  I have  studied  out  and  can  finish  the 
campaign  in  the  West.  Don’t  understand  and  cannot  manage  affairs  in  the 
East.  Moreover,  do  not  want  to  have  anything  to  do  with  the  quarrels  of 
Stanton  and  McClellan.  The  change  does  not  please  me,  but  I must  obey 
orders.  Good-by  and  may  God  bless  you.  I am  more  than  satisfied  with 
everything  you  have  done.  You  have  always  had  my  respect,  but  recently  you 
have  won  my  highest  admiration.  I deeply  regret  to  part  from  you. 

Sherman  to  Halleck  — 3Ioscow,  July  16,  1862 — General  Halleck,  Corinth — I 
cannot  express  my  heartfelt  pain  at  hearing  of  your  orders  and  intended  de- 
parture. You  took  command  in  the  Valley  of  the  Mississippi  at  a period  of 
deep  gloom,  when  all  felt  that  our  poor  country  was  doomed  to  a Mexican 
anarchy,  but  at  once  arose  order,  system,  firmness  and  success,  in  which  there 
has  not  been  a pause.  I thank  you  for  the  kind  expression  to  me,  but  all  I 
have  done  has  been  based  on  the  absolute  confidence  I had  conceived  of  your 
knowledge  of  national  law  and  your  comprehensive  knowledge  of  things  gath- 
ered, God  only  knows  how.  That  success  will  attend  you  wherever  you  go  I 
feel  no  doubt,  for  you  must  know  more  about  the  East  than  you  did  about  the 
West  when  you  arrived  at  St.  Louis  a stranger.  And  there  you  will  find 
armies  organized  and  pretty  well  commanded,  instead  of  the  scattered  forces 
you  then  had.  I attach  more  importance  to  the  West  than  to  the  East.  The 
one  has  a magnificent  future,  but  enveloped  in  doubt.  The  other  is  compara- 
tively an  old  country.  The  man  who,  at  the  end  of  this  war,  holds  the  mili- 
tary control  of  the  Valley  of  the  Mississippi  will  be  the  man.  You  should  not 
be  removed.  I fear  the  consequences.  Personally,  you  will  rule  wherever 
you  go,  but  I did  hope  you  would  finish  up  what  you  had  begun  and  where 
your  success  has  attracted  the  whole  world’s  notice.  Instead  of  that  calm, 
sure,  steady  progress  which  has  dismayed  our  enemy,  I now  fear  alarms,  hesi- 
tations and  doubt.  You  cannot  be  replaced  out  here,  and  it  is  too  great  a risk 
to  trust  a new  man  from  the  East.  We  are  all  the  losers;  you  may  gain,  but  I 
believe  you  would  prefer  to  finish  what  you  have  so  well  begun.  With  great 
respect,  W.  T.  Sherman,  Major  General. 

July  20th — Sunday. — To-day  found  the  writer  and  Commissary 
Serg.  T.  P.  Wilson  at  Pittsburgh  Landing,  with  several  of 
our  regimental  teams,  having  been  to  Hamburgh  Landing, 
about  eight  miles  above,  on  yesterday,  for  supplies  for  our  regi- 
ment, and  not  having  been  able  to  procure  them  we  drove  down 
to  this  place,  and  while  the  teams  were  loading  with  rations  we 
rode  over  the  battlefield  of  Shiloh.  We  copy  from  a letter 
written  the  twenty-second: 

I returned  on  yesterday  from  the  battlefield  of  Shiloh.  I went  over  the 
most  of  the  ground;  about  the  only  evidence  to  be  seen  to  remind  one  of  the 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INF  ANTE  Y VOLUNTEERS. 


67 


bloody  strife,  which  was  enacted  there  on  April  6th  and  7th,  are  the  numer- 
ous graves,  and  the  manner  in  which  the  trees  are  cut.  Some  trees  have  as 
many  as  a hundred  bullets  in  them;  others  have  been  shot  to  pieces  by  cannon 
balls.  I saw  one  that  had  been  struck  by  four  of  them,  and  another  as  large  as 
a flour  barrel  that  had  been  cut  off  about  ten  feet  above  the  ground.  We 
visited  the  ground  on  which  had  stood  the  famous  log  building  called  the 
Shiloh  church.  The  building  had  been  carried  away  by  relic  seekers,  and 
we  could  not  find  even  a chip  to  save  as  a relic  of  our  visit.  We  saw  several 
citizens  wandering  around  over  the  field  picking  up  bullets,  and  they  had  ac- 
cumulated quite  a store  of  lead,  which  they  may  possibly  mould  over  for  our 
benefit. 

July 31st. — Brig.  Gen.  William  S.  Rosecrans  commanded  the 
Army  of  the  Mississippi,  and  the  following  is  the  official  ros- 
ter of  the  Third  Division  of  this  army,  July  31,  1862  : 

Brig.  Gen.  Charles  S.  Hamilton. 

FIRST  BRIGADE  — BRIG.  GEN.  N.  B.  BUFORD. 

Forty-eighth  Indiana,  Col.  Norman  Eddy. 

Fifty-ninth  Indiana,  Col.  Jesse  I.  Alexander. 

Fifth  Iowa,  Lieut.  Col.  Charles  L.  Matthies. 

Fourth  Minnesota,  Col.  John  B.  Sanborn. 

Twenty-Sixth  Missouri,  Col.  George  B.  Boomer. 

Eleventh  Ohio  Battery,  Capt.  Frank  C.  Sands. 

SECOND  BRIGADE  — BRIG.  GEN.  JERRY  C.  SULLIVAN. 

Fifty-sixth  Illinois,  Col.  William  R.  Brown. 

Tenth  Iowa,  Col.  Nicholas  Perczel. 

Seventeenth  Iowa,  Col.  John  W.  Rankin. 

Tenth  Missouri,  Col.  Samuel  A.  Holmes. 

Eightieth  Ohio,  Col.  Ephriam  R.  Eckley. 

Capt.  Henry  Hopkins’  (Kansas)  Battery. 

First  Missouri  Artillery,  Battery  I,  Capt.  William  A.  Pile. 

On  March  5, 1862,  we  find  Brig.  Gen.  Charles  S.  Hamilton  in 
command  of  a brigade  under  General  Banks,  in  the  Potomac 
army.  (5,  7,  39.)  On  the  thirteenth  he  was  commanding  a di- 
vision in  the  Third  Corps,  and  on  April  30, 1862,  he  was  relieved 
by  Gen.  Phil  Kearney,  at  Yorktown,  Va.  (11,  3,  129.)  He  was 
at  Harper’s  Ferry,  May  29th  (12,  3,  286),  on  which  date  he  was 
assigned  to  duty  with  General  Halleck,  in  the  Department  of 
the  Mississippi.  (10,  2,  224.)  He  reported  in  person  for  duty 
at  Corinth,  Junel8, 1862,  and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of 
our  Third  Division.  (17,2,14).  We  are  unable  from  the  records 


68 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


to  fix  the  date  when  General  Plummer  ceased  to  command  the 
division,  but  presume  that  he  retained  its  command  from  May 
29  up  to  June  18,  1862.  [General  Hamilton  died  at  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.,  April  8,  1891,  in  his  seventieth  year. — Ed.] 

July  and  August , 1862. — We  copy  from  letters  from  Camp 
Clear  Creek:  “Mr.  Isaac  Ansell,  a Jew  merchant  from  St. 
Paul,  we  found  in  Corinth  keeping  sutler’s  store.  When  the 
enemy  evacuated  the  city  they  plugged  the  artesian  wells  with 
cannon  balls,  but  our  men  soon  drove  those  down.  The  most 
of  the  inhabitants  left  the  place  along  with  the  Confederates. 
General  Hamilton,  we  hear,  is  about  to  issue  orders  to  employ 
the  negroes  as  teamsters  and  at  such  other  work,  the  wages 
not  to  exceed  ten  dollars  a month.  One  of  our  teams  went 
out  foraging  and  got  some  corn,  and  a regular  system  of 
foraging  is  to  be  conducted  under  the  supervision  of  commis- 
sioned officers,  and  vouchers  given  the  people  for  what  is 
taken.  This  gives  satisfaction,  for  it  is  very  discouraging  to 
guard  corn  fields  and  the  people’s  hen  coops  and  potato 
patches,  as  wTe  have  been  doing,  to  keep  our  men  out. 
General  Rosecrans  has  been  very  particular  and  tried  to 
prevent  indiscriminate  foraging.  Pigs  nose  about  the  camp 
with  impunity.  But  just  wait  awhile.  You  can  imagine  the 
policy  of  the  government  when  w?e  inform  you  that  as  our 
boys  march  along  the  roads,  heavy  with  dust  and  suffering 
from  heat  and  thirst,  almost  ready  to  drop  down  from 
exhaustion,  Iioav  they  must  feel  to  see  a good  well  of  water  in 
a door  yard,  with  a Yankee  guard  around  the  premises  to 
keep  our  boys  out,  and,  if  they  want  a canteen  of  water, 
perhaps  find  a negro  inside  of  the  gate  who  will  fill  the 
canteens  for  five  cents  apiece.  We  have  seen  this  repeated  so 
often  that  it  has  become  an  old  story.” 

August  5th — Monday. — We  marched  south  twelve  miles  to 
Jacinto.  We  extract  from  a letter  written  August  15th:  “We 
came  here  the  other  day,  and  are  in  camp  two  miles  south  of 
Jacinto,  a small  village  of  about  two  hundred  inhabitants,  and 
the  county  seat  of  Tishomingo  county.  Our  camp  is  very 
beautifully  situated  in  a grove  and  there  is  a very  good  spring 
of  water  near  by.  We  are  temporarily  attached  to  the  divi- 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


69 


sion  of  Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis,  and  like  our  camping  ground  much 
better  than  we  did  the  one  at  Clear  Creek.  They  are  organ- 
izing a company  of  Union  men  in  this  vicinity  and  about  forty 
have  already  been  sworn  in.  Just  received  information  that 
Edmund  P.  Churchill  of  Company  B died  the  twelfth  of 
typhoid  fever,  at  our  general  hospital  near  Farmington.  Buford 
having  gone  North  on  a sick  leave,  Colonel  Sanborn  commands 
the  brigade.” 

August  18th — Sunday. — Young  says:  “Special  muster  to 

note  absentees  from  the  regiment.  We  find  absent,  dead  or  dis- 
charged from  Company  A,  twenty-four.  We  had  a hundred 
three  months  ago  present  for  duty.”  [Population  of  Jacinto 
in  1880  was  80.] 

August  19th — Monday. — Regiment  ordered  out  on  a scout 
under  command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Thomas.  We  found 
two  deer  and  the  roughest  country  that  we  ever  saw.  “ Hill’s 
peep  o’er  hills,  and  alps  on  alps  arise.” 

August  34-th  — Saturday. — Part  of  the  regiment  went  on 
provost  guard  duty  in  town. 

August  37th — Tuesday. — First  news  of  the  Sioux  outbreak 
in  Minnesota.  The  excitement  ofourmenis  intense,  especially 
those  who  have  families  or  relatives  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
frontier,  and  there  is  a loud  demand  for  our  regiment  to  be 
sent  home  to  fight  the  Indians.  No  furloughs  can  be  granted 
the  men. 

August  38th — Wednesday. — The  anxiety  of  many  of  our  men 
was  so  great  that  they  walked  the  camp  all  night  long. 
Peaches  and  other  fruits  are  plentiful  and  are  getting  ripe. 
Green  corn  and  vegetables  are  abundant,  and  we  get  all  that 
we  want.  The  people  through  this  region  are,  in  general, 
wretchedly  poor.  We  have  fine  foraging  here,  and  quite  fre- 
quently go  into  the  country  with  details  of  men  and  teams, 
returning  to  camp  with  the  wagons  full.  As  soon  as  peaches 
were  ripe  we  drove  under  the  trees  and  loaded  the  wagons 
with  them.  Lieut.  J.  H.  Donaldson  of  Company  C is  acting 
as  regimental  quartermaster  at  this  time,  Lieutenant  Hunt  being 
away  on  leave.  Lieut.  Col.  M.  T.  Thomas  commands  the 
regiment.  It  was  a good  thing  for  us  that  we  came  here,  be- 


70 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


cause  the  water  was  getting  very  bad  at  Clear  creek.  We 
were,  however,  nicely  fixed  at  our  former  camp,  as  we  were 
near  a fine  creek  and  had  dug  wells  for  the  camp  and  made 
plenty  of  ovens  out  of  iron  ore  and  clay  to  bake  in. 

W.  R.  Gilman  of  Company  I,  having  been  refused  a fur- 
lough, left  for  Stillwater,  Minn.,  a few  days  ago  to  make  his 
family  safe  from  the  Indians. 

August  30th — Saturday.  — The  provost  guard  returned  to 
camp  Reports  are  rife  of  a very  mysterious  disappearance  of 
the  ducks  and  geese  kept  at  headquarters  of  Colonel  Thomas  for 
his  mess.  The  regiment  was  searched  for  the  fowls,  but  not  a 
trace  of  them  was  found.  Company  A,  we  fear,  are  a bad  lot, 
but  the  fresh  poultry  was  quite  a treat  and  a notable  change 
from  hardtack  and  sow-belly. 

September  5th — Friday. — We  have  received  information  that 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Thomas  of  our  regiment  has  been  appointed 
colonel  of  one  of  the  new  Minnesota  regiments.  A petition 
has  been  signed  by  the  most  of  the  officers  in  our  regiment  and 
sent  to  the  authorities,  in  Minnesota  asking  that,  if  necessary, 
we  might  be  sent  home  to  fight  the  Indians. 

September  7th  — Sunday.  — Changed  camp.  Marched  three 
miles  to  get  what  the  general  thinks  a better  position.  We  are 
ordered  to  keep  everything  in  readiness  for  marching  at  a 
moment’s  notice.  The  enemy  is  reported  in  force  a few  miles 
away.  Had  just  got  our  tents  pitched  and  orders  were  re- 
ceived to  load  everything  on  the  wagons. 

September  9th — Tuesday. — Lieut.  Col.  M.  T.  Thomas,  having 
been  appointed  colonel  of  the  Eighth  Minnesota  Infantry, 
left  our  regiment  to-day  for  Minnesota. 

September  10th — Wednesday.  — Still  in  camp  near  Jacinto. 
Enemy  reported  near.  Charles  B.  Smith  of  Company  D has 
been  detailed  to  serve  in  the  printing  office  here  to  do  some 
work  for  the  quartermaster  and  headquarters. 

September  11th. — Thursday. — Our  ovens  for  baking  are  con- 
structed by  building  a scaffold  of  crotches  and  sticks  about  two 
or  more  feet  above  the  ground;  on  this  an  oval  pile  of  dry 
split  sticks  of  wood  is  made  of  the  size  and  shape  of  the  in- 
tended oven;  an  old  piece  of  stovepipe  or  something  is  set 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


71 


up  at  the  rear  end  for  a flue;  the  pattern  is  then  covered  with 
hark  on  the  outside  to  keep  the  inside  of  the  covering  smooth; 
wet  clay  is  then  spread  over  the  outside  as  thickly  as  may  he 
thought  necessary;  a hole  is  then  fixed  for  a door;  fire  is  then 
applied  to  the  wood,  and  when  it  has  burned  out,  if  necessary, 
more  wood  is  introduced  until  the  oven  is  thoroughly  baked. 
These  answer  all  of  the  purposes  of  a good  oven,  and  our  men 
are  so  skilled  in  their  construction  and  use  that  they  might  be 
called  experts. 

September  12th — Friday. — Received  orders  to  form  on  the 
color  line  at  daybreak  until  further  orders. 

September  13 — Saturday. — Return  from  picket  guard.  Every- 
body mad.  Company  A bunks  all  stolen  and  it  ends  in  a gen- 
eral fracas. 

September  15th — Monday. — This  morning  marched  for  Ja- 
cinto. Raining  very  hard.  Mud  fathomless;  that  is,  it  is  not 
six  feet  deep. 

September  16th — Tuesday. — Rained  all  day.  Had  to  change  our 
lines  during  the  day.  It  is  reported  that  we  may  expect  an  at- 
tack any  day.  I (Young)  foraged  a fine  porker.  It  was  against 
orders,  hut  it  was  a woodchuck  case. 

September  17th — Wednesday. — W.  R.  Gilman  of  Company  I 
returned  to  camp  from  his  French  furlough  trip  to  Stillwater 
and  reported  for  duty.  G.  had  been  reported  as  a deserter.  The 
company  report  was  amended  to  “absent  without  leave”  and 
he  was  taken  up  on  the  returns  and  not  punished.  Sick  all  sent 
to  Corinth.  In  the  evening  we  marched  back  to  our  old  camp. 
Major  Baxter  left  the  regiment  to-day  and  went  to  Corinth  with 
the  sick  in  our  regimental  ambulances  and  remained  there. 

Lieutenants  D.  M.  G.  Murphy  and  Drysdale  are  also  absent; 
sick  at  Corinth. 

September  18th — Thursday. — This  morning  some  of  the  boys 
got  a box  of  condemned  cartridges  and  buried  it  in  the  ground 
and  fired  it  off  and  alarmed  the  camp.  It  rained  all  night. 
Drew  half  rations  and  are  ordered  to  march  toward  Iuka. 
Price  is  there  and  we  expect  a fight.  It  rained  some  in  the 
morning  but  ceased  by  nine  o’clock  and  we  did  not  get  a very 
early  start.  After  marching  about  seven  miles  find  rebel  pick- 


72 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


ets.  Halt  aud  wait  all  day.  After  going  about  ten  miles  from 
Jacinto  the  regiment  camped  in  a pine  thicket.  The  men  of 
Company  A lie  on  their  arms  all  night  in  an  open  held. 

Roster  of  troops,  Sept.  30,  1862,  Maj.  Gen.  William  S.  Rose- 
crans,  headquarters  at  Corinth,  Miss.: 

Second  Division,  Army  of  the  Mississippi — Brig.  Gen.  David  S. 

Stanley. 

FIRST  BRIGADE  — COL.  JOHN  W.  FULLER. 

Twenty-seventh  Ohio,  Maj.  Zeph.  S.  Spaulding. 

Thirty-ninth  Ohio,  Lieut.  Col.  Edw.  F.  Noyes. 

Forty- third  Ohio,  Maj.  Walter  F.  Herrick. 

Sixty-third  Ohio,  Capt.  Charles  E.  Brown. 

SECOND  BRIGADE — COL.  JOHN  M.  LOOMIS. 

Twenty-sixth  Illinois,  Maj.  Robert  A.  Gillmore. 

Forty-seventh  Illinois,  Capt.  Samuel  R.  Baker. 

Fifth  Minnesota,  Col.  Lucius  F.  Hubbard. 

Eleventh  Missouri,  Maj.  Andrew  J.  Weber. 

Eighth  Wisconsin,  Maj.  John  W.  Jefferson. 

Third  Division,  Army  of  the  Mississippi  — Brig.  Gen.  Charles  S. 

Hamilton. 

FIRST  BRIGADE  — COL.  JOHN  B.  SANBORN. 

Forty-eighth  Indiana,  Lieut.  Col.  Jefferson  K.  Scott. 

Fifty-ninth  Indiana,  Col.  Jesse  I.  Alexander. 

Fifth  Iowa,  Lieut.  Col.  Ezekiel  S.  Sampson. 

Fourth  Minnesota,  Capt.  James  C.  Edson. 

Twenty-sixth  Missouri,  Lieut.  Col.  John  H.  Holman. 

SECOND  BRIGADE  — COL.  SAMUEL  A.  HOLMES. 

Fifty-sixth  Illinois,  Lieut.  Col.  Green  B.  Raum. 

Tenth  Iowa,  Lieut.  Col.  William  E.  Small. 

Seventeenth  Iowa,  Col.  David  B.  Hillis. 

Tenth  Missouri,  Maj.  Leonidas  Homey. 

Twenty-fourth  Missouri,  Company  F,  Capt.  L.  M.  Rice. 

Eightieth  Ohio,  Col.  Ephraim  R.  Eckley. 

CAVALRY  — COL.  JOHN  K.  MIZNER. 

Seventh  Illinois,  Lieut.  Col.  Edward  Prince. 

Eleventh  Illinois,  Col.  Robert  G.  Ingersoll. 

Thirty-sixth  Illinois,  Company  A,  Capt.  Albert  Jenks. 

Second  Iowa,  Maj.  Datus  E.  Coon. 

Seventh  Kansas,  Lieut.  Col.  T.  P.  Herrick. 

Third  Michigan,  Capt.  Lyman  G.  Willcox. 

Fifth  Missouri,  Company  C,  Sergt.  Alex.  L.  Mueller. 

Fifth  Ohio,  Maj.  Charles  S.  Hayes. 

Second  U.  S.  Company  C,  Capt.  Charles  E.  Ferrand. 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


73 


AETILLEBY. 

Second  Iowa  Battery,  Lieut.  Daniel  P.  Walling. 

Third  Michigan  Battery,  Capt.  Alexander  W.  Dees. 

First  Missouri  Light  Artillery  (four  batteries),  Maj.  George  H.  Stone. 
Eleventh  Ohio  Battery,  Lieut.  Henry  M.  Neil. 

Second  U.  S.  Battery  F,  Capt.  Thomas  D.  Maurice. 

Sixth  Wisconsin  Battery.  Capt.  Henry  Dillon. 

Twelfth  Wisconsin  Battery,  Lieut.  Lorenzo  D.  Immell. 

(17,  2,  248.) 


CHAPTER  IV. 


Capture  of  Iuka  by  Price’s  Army — Our  Supplies  Lost — Rosecrans  Surprised — 
Price  Surprised — Battle  of  Iuka — List  of  Killed  and  Wounded — Personal 
Incidents — Losses  on  Both  Sides. 

The  Battle  of  Iuka. 

General  Halleck  was  anxious  to  have  General  Grant  send 
some  of  his  forces  from  Corinth  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  on 
September  2d  sent  the  following  telegram  to  Grant:  “Rail- 
road east  of  Corinth  may  be  abandoned  and  Granger’s  division 
sent  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  with  all  possible  dispatch.”  At  this 
time  General  Stanley’s  division  occupied  and  guarded  the  rail- 
road from  Iuka,  Miss.,  to  Decatur,  Ala. — one  brigade  of  the 
division  occupying  the  former  place  — and  Grant  had  proposed 
to  send  this  division,  but  Halleck  preferred  Granger’s. 

On  the  second  Rosecrans  from  Tuscumbia  telegraphed  Grant 
that  his  dispatches  were  received  and  orders  given  accordingly, 
and  said:  “One  brigade  will  cover  Iuka  and  points  east.  Tus- 

cumbia must  be  held  till  the  tents  of  two  divisions  and  other 
public  property  is  taken  away.  Iuka  covers  Eastport  and  is 
the  surest  way  of  getting  provisions.  It  must  be  well  held. 
Have  ordered  the  troops  at  Iuka  to  get  ready  to  move.  Will 
move  them  as  soon  as  they  can  be  replaced.” 

On  the  eighth  Rosecrans  from  Iuka  informed  Grant  that 
Hamilton  had  telegraphed  him  that  a deserter  had  come  from 
Price  and  Van  Dorn,  and  that  they  had  united  for  a move  into 
Kentucky,  but  Hamilton  thought  they  were  moving  on  to 
Corinth.  On  the  ninth  Grant,  at  Corinth,  sent  this  to  Halleck: 
“For  two  days  now  I have  been  advised  of  the  advance  of 
Price  and  Van  Dorn  on  this  place.  I presume  there  is  no 
doubt  of  the  advance  of  a large  force.  One  division  will  arrive 
from  Memphis  to  Bolivar  this  evening  or  to-morrow,  which 
will  enable  me  to  use  all  the  force  now  at  the  latter  place 
whenever  required.  Should  the  enemy  come  I will  be  as 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  YOLTNTEERS. 


75 


ready  as  possible  with  the  means  at  hand.  I do  not  believe 
that  a force  can  be  brought  against  us  at  present  that  cannot 
be  successfully  resisted.”  And  on  the  eleventh  this  also: 
“With  all  the  vigilance  I can  bring  to  bear  I cannot  determine 
the  objects  of  the  enemy.  Everything  threatens  attack  here, 
but  my  fear  is  that  it  is  to  cover  some  other  movement.  It 
may  have  been  instituted  to  prevent  sending  re-enforcements 
to  Wright  or  to  cover  a movement  on  New  Orleans  by  Van 
Dorn  or  to  the  east  on  General  Buell.  Should  there  be  an 
attack  I will  be  ready.”  Also,  on  the  same  day : “ Every- 

thing indicates  that  we  will  be  attacked  here  in  the  next  forty- 
eight  hours,  and  at  present  the  route  indicated  is  by  the  south- 
west. I will  be  ready  at  all  points.  General  Rosecrans  is  not 
yet  in  with  all  his  forces,  but  will  be  by  to-morrow  night. 
Price’s  forces  are  estimated  at  from  thirty-six  to  forty  thou- 
sand. I cannot  believe  that  he  has  half  that  number  of  good 
troops.  He  may  have  conscripts  in  large  numbers.” 

On  Sept.  13,  1862,  Col.  Robert  C.  Murphy  sent  the  fol- 
lowing to  General  Rosecrans,  at  Clear  creek:  “Iuka,  Miss., 

10  a.  m.  — We  have  been  attacked  by  the  enemy’s  cavalry. 
Have  taken  two  prisoners.  They  report  the  enemy  to  be  Arm- 
strong’s brigade  of  cavalry,  and  say  the  infantry  is  one  or  two 
days  behind  them.  We  have  repulsed  them  this  morning.  The 
wires  are  reported  cut.  I send  this  by  cavalry  express  to 
Burnsville,  to  be  telegraphed  there,  if  possible;  if  not,  to  be 
taken  through  by  express.”  Rosecrans  immediately  sent  the 
following  to  General  Grant:  “The  little  fight  at  Iuka  was  a 

cavalry  attack.  The  rebels,  supposing  we  had  evacuated,  were 
much  surprised  and  badly  scared.  A Tennessee  captain  taken 
says,  ‘Price  with  his  staff  was  at  Bay  Springs, but  the  infantry 
were  two  days  behind.’  The  scout  from  Ripley  went  all  the 
wa}7  down  to  four  miles  of  Guntown.  There  was  no  force  or 
movement  in  that  direction.  Report  at  Guntown  : ‘Baldwin 

and  up  to  Booneville  water  so  scarce  that  it  seems  strange  to 
me  if  they  have  a large  force.’  I go  up  to  Ord’s  to  consult  with 
Prime  about  cavalry  defense  works  here.”  He  sent  from  camp 
near  Clear  creek,  on  September  14th,  this  to  Grant:  “Iuka 

office  not  open;  no  news  from  there  to-day;  scout  in  from  Bay 


76 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


Springs  says  no  rebel  force  on  the  Bay  Springs  and  Jacinto  road 
yesterday.  Hamilton  reports  this  morning:  ‘Our  cavalry  on 
going  to  Iuka  fell  in  with  rebel  cavalry  near  Barnett’s;  suppose 
it  was  Armstrong’s  cavalry  that  tried  Iuka  yesterday  morning.’ 
Hamilton  said  our  cavalry  was  to  attack  them  at  daylight  this 
morning  and  he  would  pitch  in  with  vigor.  Ho  news  yet  from 
Jacinto.  Sharpshooters  scared  out  of  Burnsville  by  a few  rebel 
pickets,  stray  scalawags  from  the  Armstrong  command.”  At 
this  time  General  Price,  with  two  divisions  of  infantry,  com- 
manded by  Generals  Henry,  Little  and  Dabney  H.  Maury, 
and  Armstrong’s  cavalry  occupied  Iuka. 

We  copy  the  following  statement  of  the  evacuation  of  Iuka 
from  a newspaper,  as  we  have  not  been  able  to  find  any  official 
record  of  it : “The  last  Federal  force  which  occupied  Iuka 

at  that  time  consisted  of  live  companies  of  the  Fifth  Minne- 
sota Infantry,  one  batallion  of  the  Seventh  Illinois,  one  section 
of  the  Third  Michigan  Battery  and  the  Eighth  Wisconsin  In- 
fantry, all  under  the  command  of  Col.  R.  C.  Murphy  of  the  Eighth 
Wisconsin,  commander  of  the  Second  Brigade,  Stanley’s 
division.  On  the  next  day  after  this  force  entered  Iuka,  Gen- 
eral Armstrong’s  division  of  rebel  cavalry,  three  thousand  five 
hundred  strong,  furiously  attacked  the  place,  making  several 
distinct  charges  upon  Colonel  Murphy’s  force,  each  one  of 
which  was  handsomely  repulsed.  Colonel  Murphy  learned 
from  a major  who  was  captured  in  the  first  charge,  that  Price’s 
army  — eighteen  thousand  strong  — was  only  a day’s  march 
distant,  and  would  be  in  town  “ for  breakfast  the  next 
morning.”  Murphy’s  orders  were  to  hold  the  place  until  the 
supplies  there  stored  could  be  moved,  and  not  destroyed.  But 
the  place  was  held  all  day  and  into  the  night,  vainly  waiting 
for  cars  to  come,  which  came  not,  to  take  the  stores  to 
Corinth,  twenty-six  miles  away.  Accordingly,  at  3:00  o’clock 
in  the  morning  he  began  to  evacuate  the  place.  A company 
of  cavalry  was  charged  with  the  responsibility  of  setting  fire 
to  the  stores.  This  was  to  be  done  while  the  rear  of  the  infantry 
column  was  passing  out  of  town.  The  stores  were  set  on  fire 
by  the  cavalry,  but  they  were  driven  away  by  the  enemy’s  ad- 
vance, which  put  the  tire  out.  Colonel  Murphy  was  arrested, 
court-martialed  and  acquitted. 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


77 


The  Rebel  Army. 

Generals  Price  and  Van  Dorn  each  had  a separate  command 
in  Mississippi,  the  headquarters  of  the  former  being  at  Tupelo 
and  the  latter  at  Jackson,  both  being  subject  to  the  orders  of 
General  Bragg  at  Chattanooga,  who,  at  this  time  was  moving 
his  army  northward  from  Chattanooga.  His  army  entered 
Kentucky  on  the  fifth  of  September  and  was  moving  toward 
the  railway  between  Nashville  and  Louisville,  the  latter  place 
being  the  objective  point  of  this  campaign. 

Believing  that  Rosecrans  had  crossed  the  Tennessee  river,  or 
was  about  to  do  so,  to  re-enforce  Buell’s  army,  he  sent  Price 
positive  orders  to  watch  Rosecrans  and  prevent  him,  and  if  he 
had  crossed  the  river  to  follow  him.  Previous  to  the  reception 
of  this  order  Price  and  Van  Dorn  had  discussed  the  plan  of  a 
campaign  against  Grant’s  forces,  and  were  about  to  unite  their 
armies  for  a move  to  clear  the  Union  army  out  of  the  West  and 
march  north  to  the  Ohio  river,  where  they  hoped  to  join  Bragg 
with  his  army  after  he  had  routed  Buell’s  forces  from  Ten- 
nessee and  Kentucky.  The  positive  orders  of  Bragg,  however, 
delayed  the  execution  of  this  cherished  scheme.  Price  moved 
north  and  when  he  arrived  at  Guntown  was  informed  that 
Rosecrans  had  not  yet  crossed  the  Tennessee  river  but  was  at 
Iuka  with  ten  thousand  men,  and,  as  his  army  numbered  about 
sixteen  thousand  eight  hundred,  he  decided  to  attack  Rose- 
crans at  once. 

Price  left  Guntown  on  Thursday  morning,  the  eleventh,  and 
marched  for  Iuka  on  the  Bay  Springs  road,  and  it  seems 
almost  incredible  that  he  could  move  his  army  north,  passing 
only  eight  or  ten  miles  east  of  Jacinto  and  not  know  that 
Hamilton’s  division  was  at  that  place;  but  such  was  the  fact. 
On  September  lltli  Van  Dorn  had  moved  his  headquar- 
ters up  to  Holly  Springs,  and  Jeff.  Davis  on  the  same  day 
notified  him  that  his  rank  gave  him  command  and  that  the 
forces  must  all  co-operate.  On  the  fourteenth  Price  sent  a 
dispatch  to  Van  Dorn,  informing  him  that  Rosecrans  had  moved 
westward  and  that  he  was  ready  to  co-operate  in  an  attack  on 
Corinth. 


78 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


Van  Dorn  replied  on  the  sixteenth,  notifying  Price  to  march 
to  Rienzi  and  from  thence  to  Pocahontas,  where  they  would 
join  and  attack  Corinth  from  the  west  and  southwest.  This 
Price  received  on  the  nineteenth.  He  says: 

“Early  on  the  morning  of  the  nineteenth  I received  dis- 
patches from  Van  Dorn,  saying  he  acceded  to  my  proposition, 
and  requesting  me  to  move  immediately  toward  Rienzi.  I at 
once  replied  that  I would  move  my  army  as  quickly  as  I could 
in  the  direction  proposed  by  him,  and  issued  orders  for  the  in- 
stant loading  of  the  trains  and  for  the  marching  of  the  army 
early  next  morning.  During  the  early  part  of  the  forenoon  of 
the  same  day  (nineteenth)  my  pickets  on  the  Jacinto  road  were 
driven  in.” 

He  also  informed  Van  Dorn  that  the  enemy  was  concentrat- 
ing against  him  and  that  he  expected  to  be  attacked  that  day. 
Price  had  the  captured  stores  all  loaded  on  his  trains  ready  to 
move  on  the  morning  of  the  twentieth. 

Thus,  while  Price  and  Van  Dorn  were  planning  to  capture 
Rosecrans  and  his  army,  Rosecrans  and  Grant  were  planning 
to  capture  Price’s  forces,  and  were  just  one  day  ahead  in  their 
movements.  What  the  result  might  have  been  to  us  if  Price 
had  moved  a day  sooner  toward  Jacinto  on  his  way  to  Rienzi, 
with  his  whole  army,  it  is  difficult  to  conjecture. 

The  Union  Army. 

Gen.  E.  0.  C.  Ord,  with  the  divisions  of  Generals  Ross  and 
McArthur,  was,  on  the  early  morning  of  the  nineteenth,  about 
six  miles  on  the  northern  side  of  Iuka,  and  Davies’  division  was 
near  by — these  troops  had  moved  out  from  Jackson  and  Corinth 
and  numbered  eight  thousand  men.  General  Grant  remained 
at  Burnsville  on  the  railroad  within  easy  communication  with 
Ord. 

If  our  plan  of  the  campaign,  as  agreed  upon  between  Gen- 
erals Grant  and  Rosecrans,  had  been  carried  out  it  would 
undoubtedly  have  resulted  in  the  defeat  and  capture  of  the 
rebel  army.  But  mistakes  occurred.  The  following  is  gleaned 
from  the  official  reports  of  Generals  Grant  and  Rosecrans: 
The  original  plan  was  for  Ord  and  Ross  to  attack  from  the 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INPANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


79 


north  and  Rosecrans,  at  the  time  of  the  proposed  attack,  was 
to  be  in  his  position  on  the  south  with  his  forces  divided,  on 
the  Jacinto  and  Fulton  roads,  to  cut  off  the  retreat  of  Price. 
The  understanding  was  that  Rosecrans’  command  would  be 
near  enough  on  the  night  of  the  eighteenth  so  that  Ord  and 
Ross  could  move  up  on  the  morning  of  the  nineteenth  and 
attack  the  enemy,  and  they  were  en  bivouac  six  miles  north  of 
Iuka  on  the  night  of  the  eighteenth.  But  Stanley’s  division, 
in  marching  from  its  camp  at  Clear  Creek  on  the  morning  of 
the  eighteenth  to  join  Rosecrans,  through  the  fault  of  a guide, 
followed  Ross’  troops  toward  Burnsville,  and  being  compelled 
to  re-trace  their  march,  did  not  arrive  at  the  encampment  near 
Jacinto  until  after  dark  of  the  eighteenth.  This  mistake 
made  a change  of  plan  necessary,  and  Rosecrans  notified  Grant 
that  he  would  move  at  4:30  A.  M.  of  the  nineteenth  and  would 
not  be  in  before  one  or  two  o’clock.  Grant  receiving  this 
dispatch  late  at  night  and  when  he  supposed  that  Rosecrans’ 
troops  would  be  far  on  their  road  to  Iuka,  caused  him  some 
disappointment.  He  sent  at  once  to  General  Ord  Rosecrans’ 
dispatch  and  notified  him  not  to  move  before  he  heard  firing 
at  the  south  of  Iuka,  and  he  sent  a notice  of  this  change  of 
plan  to  Rosecrans  by  his  return  messenger.  Grant  and  Ord 
both  concluded  that  from  the  condition  of  the  roads,  and  the 
distance  to  march  that  Rosecrans  could  not  get  his  command 
up  before  the  morning  of  the  twentieth,  and  General  Grant 
did  not  receive  any  other  notice  from  Rosecrans  until  after  the 
battle  had  been  fought,  although  the  latter  had  sent  him  a 
dispatch  by  courier  from  Barnett’s  informing  him  of  the 
arrival  of  the  army  at  that  point,  written  at  12:40  p.  m.  of  the 
nineteenth,  and  stating  that  the  head  of  the  column  had 
arrived  there  at  twelve  o’clock.  This  point  is  eight  miles 
southwest  of  Iuka,  and  here  the  Tuscumbia  road  that  we  were 
traveling  on  crosses  the  Bay  Springs  road  going  north. 
According  to  the  original  plan  Rosecrans,  at  this  place,  was  to 
divide  his  forces,  sending  one  division  forward  on  the  Tus- 
cumbia road  until  it  struck  the  Fulton  road  when  it  was  to 
turn  north  toward  Iuka.  This  duty  he  proposed  to  have  Ham- 
ilton’s division  perform,  and  turning  Stanley’s  division  north 
on  the  Bay  Springs  road,  thus  close  both  roads. 


80 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


Our  line  of  march  comprised  the  following  commands  and 
they  occupied  the  road  in  the  following  order:  First  Brigade: 
(Buford’s,  commanded  by  Col.  John  B.  Sanborn),  Fifth  Iowa, 
Eleventh  Ohio  Battery,  Twenty-Sixth  Missouri,  Forty-Eighth 
Indiana,  Fourth  Minnesota,  Sixteenth  Iowa;  Second  Brigade: 
(commanded  by  Brig.  Gen.  Jerry  C.  Sullivan),  Tenth  Iowa, 
Seventeenth  Iowa,  Eightieth  Ohio,  two  sections  (four  guns) 
Twelfth  Wisconsin  Battery,  Tenth  Missouri.  These  troops 
comprised  the  Third  Division  commanded  by  Brig.  Gen. 
Charles  S.  Hamilton.  Next  came  the  Second  Division,  com- 
manded by  Brig.  Gen.  David  S.  Stanley — Second  Brigade: 
(commanded  by  Col.  Joseph  A.  Mower  of  Eleventh  Missouri), 
Forty-seventh  Illinois,  Twenty-sixth  Illinois,  Eleventh  Mis- 
souri, Eighth  Wisconsin,  Spoor’s  Second  Iowa  Light  Artillery, 
Third  Michigan  Light  Artillery,  Fifth  Minnesota  (the.  Fifth 
guarded  the  train  on  the  march  and  during  the  battle).  First 
Brigade;  (commanded  by  Col.  John  W.  Fuller  of  Twenty- 
seventh  Ohio),  Thirty-ninth  Ohio,  Company  F (Second  United 
States  Light  Artillery),  Twenty-seventh  Ohio,  Sixty-third 
Ohio,  Capt,  Albert  M.  Powell’s  battery  (M  First  Missouri 
Light  Artillery),  section  of  battery  EightliW  isconsin  Light  Ar- 
tillery, Forty-third  Ohio.  This  force,  with  a small  amount  of 
cavalry,  numbered  about  nine  thousand  men.  We  halted  at 
Barnett’s  about  an  hour,  while  Rosecrans  (and  his  brother, who 
was  a priest  and  accompanied  him)  and  his  staff  examined  a 
map  of  the  country  and  informed  themselves  of  the  dis- 
tance over  to  the  Fulton  road.  This  being  found  to  be  about 
five  miles,  and  thus  too  far  away  to  leave  the  two  columns  in 
supporting  distance  of  each  other  in  case  of  a battle,  he  pro- 
ceeded with  the  whole  army  on  the  Bay  Springs  road,  expect- 
ing, no  doubt,  that  he  could  make  the  Fulton  road  from  a 
cross-road  one  mile  south  of  Iuka.  Eight  companies  of  the 
Third  Michigan  Cavalry,  under  command  of  Captain  Willcox, 
formed  the  advance  of  Rosecrans’  army.  After  leaving  Bur- 
nett’s a running  fight  was  kept  up,  the  rebels  falling  back  to 
a branch  of  Crippled  Deer  creek,  distant  about  four  miles. 

On  arriving  at  the  branch  it  was  found  that  the  rebel  cavalry 
had  rallied  at  a house  (Mrs  Moore’s  house)  four  miles  from 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


81 


Iuka,  situated  on  an  elevation  four  hundred  yards  distant  and 
commanding  the  road.  The  advance  charged  up  the  hill  on  a 
full  gallop  and  drove  them  from  their  position  into  the  woods, 
but  the  enemy  rallied  two  squadrons  strong  and  forced  he  ad- 
vance to  retire.  A number  of  shots  were  now  tired  into  the 
head  of  the  column,  one  of  which  mortall}7  wounded  Lieut. 
Louis  Schraum  of  the  Benton  Hussars  and  of  Hamilton’s  body 
guard.  Captain  Wi'llcox  at  this  time  wheeled  the  cavalry  into 
line  on  the  roadside  and  uncovered  Companies  E,  G and  D 
of  the  Fifth  Iowa,  and  under  the  command  of  Lieut.  Col. 
Ezekiel  S.  Sampson,  their  Whitney  rifles  were  soon  busily  em- 
ployed, and  they  drove  the  enemy  from  the  cover  of  the  build- 
ings behind  which  they  were  sheltered.  The  skirmishers 
moved  forward  and  the  balance  of  the  Fifth  moved  along  uptlie 
road  by  the  flank  close  behind  them.  Some  person  soon  started 
a chemical  process  into  operation  which  reduced  the  most  of 
the  material  composing  Mrs.  Mooer’s  house  into  its  original 
elements.  The  heat  was  a little  uncomfortable  for  the  troops 
in  marching  past  the  burning  house.  Previous  to  this  time 
the  enemy  was  not  aware  that  the  advance  of  our  cavalry  was 
anything  more  than  a reconnaissance,  but  the  infantry  going 
forward  and  in  force  and  the  burning  building  caused  a courier 
to  be  sent  at  once  to  General  Price,  who  notified  him  of  the 
facts.  He  states  that  he  received  this  knowledge  at  half-past  two, 
and  he  gave  orders  at  once  for  Hebert’s  brigade  to  march  from 
its  position,  about  two  miles  northwest  of  Iuka,  in  reserve,  on 
his  line  in  frontofOrd  to  the  Jacinto  road,  to  meetthe  threatened 
danger.  These  troops  with  the  Clark  and  St.  Louis  batteries 
moved  at  3:00  P.  M.,  double-quick  to  Iuka,  and  out  three- 
fourths  of  a mile  south  to  the  hill  where  the  road  crossed  to  the 
Fulton  road.  The  rebel  line  of  battle  was  formed  mostly  on 
the  east  side  of  the  road.  Gens.  Price  and  Little  soon  followed 
with  Martin’s  Fourth  Brigade,  and  Price  himself  superintended 
the  formation  of  his  line. 

At  one  time  when  the  enemy  wras  particularly  obstinate,  the 
balance  of  the  Fifth  formed  in  line  to  support  our  skirmishers. 
A sergeant  of  Company  D while  skirmishing  was  soou  se- 
verely wounded  in  the  thigh.  The  enemy’s  skirmishers  — dis- 
6 


S2 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


mounted  cavalry  — here  rallied  in  a house  in  the  centre  of  an 
open  field,  on  the  left  of  the  road,  and  completely  com- 
manded the  field  through  which  our  skirmishers  had  to  ap- 
proach; but  a flank  movement  by  the  left  of  our  skirmish 
line  soon  convinced  them  that  to  remain  in  their  position 
was  death  or  capture,  and  they  broke  for  the  rear,  one  of 
them  falling  dead  in  a peach  orchard  near  the  house  as  he  ran. 
At  the  same  time  another  was  killed  in  the  woods  on  the  right 
of  the  road,  and  another  mortally  wounded;  still  another  was 
killed  and  others  wounded,  but  only  one  of  ours  injured. 
At  four  o’clock,  and  when  we  were  about  three  miles  from 
Iuka,  the  skirmish  line  of  the  Fifth  was  relieved  by  Companies 
A,  B,  G and  I of  the  Twenty-sixth  Missouri,  under  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Holman.  These  kept  pushing  the  enemy’s  cavalry 
back,  and  while  ascending  the  wooded  hill,  which  the  enemy 
had  decided  to  occupy  as  his  side  of  the  battle  ground,  they  dis- 
covered the  enemy  drawn  up  in  line.  Holman  says  in  his  re- 
port: 

Posted  about  forty  yards  above  a ridge,  covered  -with  timber  and  thick 
undergrowth,  his  artillery  being  in  position  in  the  road  in  front,  a few  shots 
were  fired  by  my  skirmishers,  but  the  enemy  held  his  fire;  at  this  instant 
Company  B drew  the  fire  of  the  whole  rebel  line  on  the  right,  and  fell  back 
and  rejoined  the  regiment.  Company  A rallied  on  the  right  and  Captain  Rice 
brought  up  his  reserve,  and  getting  into  position  near  the  top  of  the  ridge, 
these  three  companies  gave  him  their  entire  fire,  and  almost  instantly  drew  the 
fire  of  their  artillery  and  two  regiments  of  infantry.  Our  skirmishers  held 
their  ground  until  our  front  line  was  formed,  and  then  fell  back  and  formed 
with  their  regiment. 

At  the  time  this  volley  was  tired  General  Hamilton  and  bis 
staff1  were  riding  up  the  road  a few  rods  in  rear  of  the  position 
where  the  Eleventh  Ohio  Battery  was  afterward  stationed, 
and  the  writer  was  about  four  rods  behind  them,  having  fol- 
lowed all  the  afternoon  behind  the  line  of  skirmishers  to  see 
the  fun.  We  had  been  in  to  the  well  for  a drink  in  the  yard 
at  Rick’s  house,  over  the  gate  to  which  was  a little  circular 
board  which  read,  “Iuka  2 miles.” 

This  house  was  soon  taken  and  used  for  our  hospital.  Aids 
soon  hurried  to  the  rear  and  the  troops  of  our  brigade  came 
up  on  the  run.  The  Fifth  Iowa  first,  followed  by  the  Eleventh 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


83 


Ohio  Battery,  then  the  Twenty-sixth  Missouri,  the  Forty- 
eighth  Indiana,  then  the  Fourth  Minnesota,  and  last  the  Six- 
teenth Iowa,  which  was  temporarily  attached  to  our  brigade  in 
place  of  the  Fifty-ninth  Indiana,  which  had  been  left  at  Jacinto 
to  help  defend  that  place  in  our  absence.  Rick’s  log  planta- 
tion house  stands  on  the  west  side  of  the  road;  in  front  of  this 
and  across  the  road  there  was  a large,  irregular  shaped  held, 
its  surface  being  quite  level ; its  width  in  front  of  the  house 
was  nearly  a quarter  of  a mile,  and  its  entire  length  nearly  a 
half  mile. 

Passing  by  the  house  about  a quarter  of  a mile,  we  came  to 
a log  church  building  on  the  west  side,  and  just  here  the  roads 
fork;  the  right  hand  passing  through  timber  is  narrow  and  fol- 
lows a kind  of  ridge,  but  on  its  left  just  beyond  the  forks  is  a 
shallow  ravine,  the  ground  being  low  and  covered  with  long 
grass  and  bushes  at  first,  and  young,  straight  timber  as  we  ad- 
vance. 

Across  from  the  church  and  on  the  east  side,  a few  rods  away, 
there  is  a graveyard.  The  narrow  road  runs  east-northeast  for 
some  two  hundred  yards,  when  it  turns  again  to  the  north. 
Our  troops  had  by  this  time  ascended  a low  ridge  covered  with 
oak  timber  and  comparatively  free  from  underbrush;  just  when 
the  road  turned  north  again  it  began  to  descend  from  the  ridge 
toward  Iuka.  This  ridge  ran  east  and  west  with  an  inclination 
to  northwest  and  southeast.  The  eastern  edge  of  the  ridge 
divided  into  three  spurs,  one  running  nearly  south,  one  running 
east-southeast,  and  the  other  intermediate.  This  ridge  was 
about  a quarter  of  a mile  beyond  the  forks  of  the  road  and  an 
old  abandoned  road  passed  along  it. 

Our  Line  of  Battle. 

The  Fifth  Iowa  filed  to  the  right  and  its  line  was  formed  along 
on  top  of  this  ridge,  the  right  flank  being  refused,  and  extend- 
ing down  its  slope.  The  Eleventh  Ohio  Battery  was  formed 
on  the  left  of  the  Fifth  Iowa  and  on  the  east  side  of  the  road; 
the  Forty-eighth  Indiana  (434  men),  the  left  refused,  on  the  left 
of  the  battery  and  west  of  the  road;  the  Fourth  Minnesota  (408 


84 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


men),  on  the  left  of  the  Forty-eighth,  then  on  our  left  two  guns  of 
the  Twelfth  Wisconsin  Battery  under  command  of  Lieut.  L.  D. 
Immell  and  Sergeant  Jones  (who  was  a lieutenant  at  Allatoona), 
and  the  Tenth  Iowa  under  Colonel  Perczel,  as  a support  to  the 
guns.  This  was  our  front  line  of  battle  and  contained  about 
one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  fifty  men.  The  Twenty-sixth 
Missouri  formed  in  rear  of  the  Fifth  Iowa,  the  right  of  the 
regiment  being  down  a steep  side  to  a ravine  and  the  left  near 
the  centre  of  the  Fifth.  TheSixteenth  Iowa  was  formed  on  the 
left  of  the  Twenty-sixth  Missouri;  it  had  three  hundred  and 
fifty  men  and  was  placed  twenty  yards  in  rear  of  the  battery 
and  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana;  it  crossed  the  road  and  masked 
the  left  of  the  Fifth  Iowa,  the  battery  and  the  three  right  com- 
panies of  the  Forty-eighth. 

The  Eightieth  Ohio  and  Seventeenth  Iowa  of  Sullivan’s  bri- 
gade (the  Second)  formed  in  the  rear,  the  left  of  the  Eightieth 
near  the  log  church  on  the  hill,  with  its  right  just  across 
the  northwest  branch  to  the  road  where  it  turns  down  the  hill; 
the  Seventeenth  Iowa  was  on  its  right  and  extended  across  the 
other  road. 

At  the  time  that  Colonel  Rankin  formed  the  Seventeenth 
Iowa,  his  regiment  became  parted,  the  colonel  going  off  to 
the  right  with  the  greater  part  of  it,  Captain  Young  remaining 
behind  with  a portion  of  the  left  iving,  which  was  formed  on 
the  right  of  the  Eightieth  Ohio.  He  says:  “Not  being  in- 
formed that  any  troops  were  in  my  front  except  the  enemy,  I 
allowed  my  men  to  reply  to  the  balls  which  came  near  them,” 
and  they  were  not  aware,  he  says,  that  they  were  shooting  at 
their  own  men  until  one  of  the  Fifth  Iowa  came  back  and  told 
him  so.  They  were  shooting  into  the  woods  ahead  of  them 
where  so  many  of  our  men  slaughtered  each  other.  Captain 
Young  also  says  in  his  report,  that  a regiment  in  his  rear  was 
also  firing  into  his  men. 

Colonel  Holmes  formed  his  regiment,  the  Tenth  Missouri, 
with  Company  F of  the  Twenty-fourth  Missouri  attached,  in 
all  six  hundred  and  fifty  men,  about  four  hundred  yards  to  the 
right  of  the  Iuka  road  and  parallel  with  it  (across  from  Rick’s 
house),  to  prevent  a flank  movement  by  the  enemy,  and  also  to 


1862]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS.  85 

furnish  support  to  the  forces  in  front  if  any  should  be  needed. 
The  battle  ground  on  ourside  was  an  old  abandoned  field, which 
was  perhaps  fifty  rods  square;  our  line  of  battle, from  the  Ohio 
battery  west,  running  across  its  southeast  corner.  The  Forty- 
eighth  Indiana  was  about  three  or  four  rods  in  front  of  the 
woods,  which  extended  along  in  rear  of  our  line,  and  about  ten 
rods  in  rear  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota.  There  was  a ravine  in 
front  of  the  Fifth  Iowa,  and  a small  fill  for  the  public  road 
•across  it,  and  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  ravine  was  a heavy 
body  of  timber  which  covered  the  long  hillside  and  effectually 
excluded  the  movements  of  the  enemy  until  they  were  within 
a few  rods  of  the  line  at  that  point;  the  ravine  ran  out  into  the 
old  field,  the  surface  of  which  was  uneven  and  rolling. 

Waiting  For  Each  Other. 

After  the  first  fusilade  by  the  enemy  into  our  advance  the 
firing  ceased  and  the  forces  on  each  side  seemed  to  be  arrang- 
ing their  lines  of  battle  and  waiting  for  the  other  to  make  a 
demonstration.  Capt.  E.  Le  Gro  was  placed  in  command  of 
our  regiment  because  he  claimed  he  had  before  seen  service, 
and  Captain  Edson  took  command  of  the  left  wing.  Our  line 
was  now  all  facing  the  dense  body  of  timber  on  the  hill  in  our 
front,  which  hid  everything  from  our  view. 

Soon  after  the  front  line  was  formed  our  regiment  was 
marched  several  rods  to  the  front,  where  we  fixed  tine 
sword  bayonets  to  our  Whitney  rifles  and  remained  a few  min- 
utes. While  we  were  there  in  that  position  Colonel  Perczel 
made  a demonstration  on  our  left  to  uncover  the  enemy,  and 
says  of  it  in  his  report : “At  about  5:00  P.  M.  I took  seven  com- 
panies (of  the  Tenth  Iowa)  about  a quarter  of  a mile  up  the 
left-hand  road  in  advance  of  the  left  wing,  and  then  sent  three 
companies  to  the  right  into  a dense  wood.  Then  I put  my 
two  pieces  into  position  and  threw  a few  shells  in  an  oblique 
direction,  when  I discovered  the  rebel  lines.  My  three  com- 
panies in  the  woods  reported  a full  brigade  of  rebels  advanc- 
ing on  our  left  wing,  on  which  I withdrew  them.”  We  then 
returned  to  our  former  position  on  the  left  of  the  Forty-eighth 
Indiana,  and  soon  after  General  Eosecrans  walked  in  rear  of 


86 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


our  line  from  the  right  to  the  left,  the  left  of  our  line  resting 
in  front  of  a little  log  house  on  the  road.  An  old  abandoned 
road  passed  from  the  Iuka  road  at  this  point  across  the  old 
field  in  our  front  and  off  to  the  right  on  the  ridge  by  the 
Fifth  Iowa. 

The  Rebel  Line. 

The  Second  Brigade,  commanded  by  Gen.  Louis  Hebert,  was 
formed  with  the  Third  Louisiana  on  the  left,  the  Third  Texas, 
(dismounted  cavalry)  in  the  centre,  and  Whitefield’s  First 
Texas  Legion  (dismounted  cavalry)  on  the  right.  The  Fortieth 
Mississippi  and  battalions  of  the  Fourteenth  and  Seventeenth 
Arkansas  formed  in  rear  of  the  Third  Texas  and  Third  Louisiana. 
This  formation  brought  the  Third  Louisiana  in  front  of  the 
Fifth  Iowa;  the  Third  Texas  in  front  of  the  battery  and  over- 
lapping the  Fifth  Iowa  on  the  right  of  the  battery,  and  White- 
field’s  Legion  faced  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana.  The  Fourth 
(Martin’s  brigade)  was  formed  with  the  Thirty-sixth  Mississippi 
on  the  left,  then  the  Thirty-seventh  Alabama,  both  being  east 
of  the  wagon  road ; then  the  Thirty-eighth  and  the  Thirty-seventh 
Mississippi  on  the  west  of  this  road.  Before  the  fighting 
had  really  begun  with  much  severity,  Martin’s  brigade  was 
ordered  to  the  front  to  lengthen  Hebert’s  line.  The  two  regi- 
ments on  either  side  of  the  road  were  ordered  to  move  forward 
and  form  on  the  right  and  left.  The  Thirty-eighth  and  Thirty- 
seventh  Mississippi  were  in  the  act  ofdoingtliis  when  they  came 
in  sight  of  our  regiment,  which  opened  itsfire  on  them  and  drove 
them  from  the  field,  they  losing,  as  reported  in  their  official 
reports,  forty-eight  killed  and  wounded,  and  not  firing  a shot 
during  the  action.  The  Churchill  Clark  four-gun  battery  con- 
fronted ours,  and  Price  says  in  his  report  that  it  was  the  only 
one  brought  into  action.  It  was  stationed  in  the  road  at  the 
top  of  the  hill.  Price  also  speaks  of  this  battle  as  “ the  hardest 
fought  fight  which  I have  ever  witnessed.” 

In  the  meantime  the  two  other  regiments  moved  up  and  en- 
gaged in  the  action  as  ordered,  increasing  the  force  that  the 
gallant  Fifth  Iowa  and  those  at  the  battery  had  to  contend 
against.  About  this  time  Trice  ordered  Little  to  bring  for- 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


87 


ward  his  other  two  brigades,  the  First  (Gate’s)  and  Third 
(Green’s), “which  were  some  two  miles  distant.  Just  there  he 
(Little)  fell,  pierced  through  the  brain  with  a minie-ball.”  The 
two  brigades  reached  the  field  at  dark.  On  the  death  of  General 
Little,  Brig.  Gen.  Louis  Hebert  succeeded  to  the  command  of 
the  First  Division. 

The  enemy  soon  advanced  down  the  wooded  slope  in  our 
front  and  probably  sbdy  rods  distant.  Our  troops  on  the  left 
opened  at  once  and  drove  them  back,  their  colors  dropping  two 
or  three  times  before  they  got  out  of  sight.  (This  regiment 
was  doubtless  Colonel  McLain’s  Thirty-seventh  Mississippi.) 

The  action  soon  became  general  along  the  whole  line,  and 
the  bullets  flew  in  all  directions' like  hail  stones,  and,  very  for- 
tunately for  us,  we  being  on  low  ground,  the  most  of  them 
went  over  our  heads.  A constant  shower  of  bullets,  fired  by 
our  troops,  passed  just  over  our  heads.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
action  Lieut.  James  A.  Goodwin  of  Company  E was  shot 
through  the  hip,  and  George  E.  Sly  ot  Company  A,  E.  M. 
Broughton  of  Company  H and  two  men  of  Company  E carried 
him  off  the  field  in  an  army  blanket  to  Rick’s  house.  J.  W. 
Dunn,  the  orderly  sergeant  of  Company  B,  and  several  others 
were  soon  wounded.  The  ground  in  front  of  our  regiment  was 
higher  than  that  on  which  we  were  standing,  which  served  to 
protect  us,  but  as  we  go  up  the  line  where  the  Forty-eighth 
Indiana  was  it  gradually  rose.  This  regiment  was  bent  back 
or  refused  on  its  left,  and  in  looking  up  its  line  from  where 
we  were  we  could  not  see  its  full  length  nor  the  battery  on  its 
right  because  of  the  timber  in  its  rear.  We  did,  however,  see 
a part  of  its  rear  rank  go  back  to  the  edge  of  the  woods  and  re- 
turn a couple  of  times,  and  then  the  whole  regiment  broke  and 
fled  into  the  woods  in  its  rear.  They  had  discovered  the  enemy 
advancing  on  them  three  lines  deep,  and  instead  of  stopping 
on  our  line  to  fight  left  it. 

The  enemy  advanced  against  the  Ohio  Battery  and  its  sup- 
ports. Colonel  Matthies  rode  along  the  front  and  rear  of  his 
line,  encouraging  his  gallant  men,  and  cautioning  them  about 
keeping  cool.  Presently  they  heard  the  enemy’s  line  advanc- 
ing in  their  front.  The  officers’  commands  of  “ Steady  there!  ” 


88 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


“Back  in  tlie  centre!”  and  other  orders  of  alignment  could 
be  distinctly  heard,  but  they  could  not  see  them  for  the  low 
ridge  some  thirty  or  fifty  yards  in  their  front.  These  troops 
who  were  advancing  upon  them  were  veterans  — some  of  the 
regiments  had  fought  at  Wilson’s  Creek  (Oak  Hills),  Pea  Ridge 
(Elk  Horn  Tavern),  Cowskin  Prairie  and  many  other  engage- 
ments before  crossing  the  Mississippi,  and  were  engaged  at 
Farmington  in  front  of  Corinth.  Not  a regiment  of  our 
brigade  had  before  this  been  engaged  in  a battle.  Their  steady 
tramp  comes  nearer,  and  in  a moment  Colonel  Matthies  com- 
mands, “Attention,  battalion!  Ready!  Aim!  Fire!”  and  a 
sheet  of  flame  and  lead  is  sent  into  the  ranks  of  the  advancing 
enemy,  they  first  appearing  in  front  of  the  left  of  this  regi- 
ment, along  the  ridge  iu  front  and  about  fifty  yards  away. 
The  enemy  is  quick  to  reply,  and  the  contest  is  begun  and  con- 
tinued with  the  greatest  severity.  The  Eleventh  Ohio  Battery 
is  so  placed  that  the  enemy  can  approach  unseen,  under  cover 
of  the  thick  woods,  to  within  a few  hundred  feet  $>f  it.  Lieut. 
Cyrus  Sears  is  in  command  of  it,  and  the  men  work  at  the 
guns  like  Trojans  and  send  double-shotted  canister  as  fast  as 
they  can  load  and  fire  into  the  enemy.  Their  advancing  line 
passed  down  into  the  ravine  in  front  of  the  battery  and  the 
Fifth  Iowa,  and  the  fire  of  our  troops  went  over  their  heads 
and  allowed  them  to  approach  right  up  to  the  line,  where  a 
hand-to-hand  contest  seemed  about  to  be  inaugurated.  Rose- 
crans  sent  an  order  for  Matthies  to  hold  his  position  at  all 
hazards.  “ That’s  what  I calculate  to  do,”  was  the  answer  of 
the  colonel.  The  enemy  gave  a cheer  and  a yell  and  came  up 
on  a charge  on  the  Fifth.  “ Forward  ! Double-quick ! Charge ! ” 
rang  out  the  voice  of  “ Old  Dutchie,”  as  the  boys  familiarly 
called  their  brave  and  gallant  leader.  Down  went  their 
sword  bayonets,  and  with  a cheer  and  a dash  the  gallant 
Fifth  drove  the  enemy  back  into  the  ravine.  They  soon  re- 
turned and  the  fighting  went  on.  When  the  Forty-eighth 
Indiana  ran  into  the  woods  the  enemy  was  advancing  on  them 
in  “ three  lines,  two  deep  each,”  and  followed  them  into  the 
w'oods  and  got  on  the  left  flank  of  the  battery.  While  the 
Forty-eighth  was  in  the  woods,  in  front  of  the  Sixteenth  Iowa, 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


89 


and  their  officers  were  endeavoring  to  rally  and  form  them  into 
line,  the  Sixteenth  Iowa  fired  a volley  into  the  disorganized 
mass,  which  killed  and  wounded  nearly  one  hundred  of  them. 

On  reading  the  official  reports  of  this  battle,  we  were  aston- 
ished at  the  loss  of  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana,  and  wrote  to 
General  Sanborn  for  an  explanation,  and  in  reply  he  wrote: 

The  great  loss  made  by  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana  was  the  result  of  a full 
volley  fired  by  the  Sixteenth  Iowa,  which  was  in  reserve  and  immediately  in 
their  rear  when  the  rebels  broke  the  right  of  their  line.  The  rebels  and  the 
Forty-eighth  men  came  back  absolutely  intermingled,  with  the  troops  of  the 
Forty-eighth  but  a few  paces  in  advance  in  any  place.  I was  near  Colonel  Eddy 
between  the  lines  and  near  the  right  of  both  regiments,  which  was  about  on 
the  same  line.  The  colonel  and  his  horse  fell  at  the  same  time  that  the  line 
broke,  shot  with  from  three  to  five  balls  each.  The  Sixteenth  Iowa  rose  up 
and  both  ranks  brought  their  guns  down  to  the  shoulder,  took  aim  and  made 
ready  to  fire,  and  I shouted  over  and  over  again  at  the  top  of  my  voice  for  the 
men  to  hold  their  fire  until  the  Forty-eighth  had  passed.  The  troops  of  the 
Sixteenth  Iowa  were  cool  and  looked  up  intelligently  as  if  they  understood  the 
command.  I rode  to  the  right  of  their  line,  which  was  but  a few  paces,  and 
when  about  half  of  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana  men  that  had  broken  from  their 
own  line  had  got  through  or  over  the  line  in  some  way,  and  a few  butternuts 
were  getting  very  close,  the  Sixteenth  Iowa  delivered  its  volley  and  everything 
was  sweptdown  in  its  front  to  the  crest  of  the  ridge  where  the  Forty-eighth  was 
first  formed,  and  the  Sixteenth  Iowa  immediately  rushed  forward  and  took  that 
position ; the  rebels  were  still  the  other  side  of  the  crest  and  Colonel  Chambers 
was  soon  shot  and  fell  into  their  hands;  but  this  accounts  for  the  great  loss 
in  that  regiment.  You  may  want  to  know,  and  the  world  may  want  to 
know,  why  these  facts  were  not  embodied  in  my  official  report  of  the  battle. 
I did  embody  them  in  my  first  report,  and  both  Generals  Hamilton  and  Rose- 
crans  recommended  that  they  be  omitted  and  I redrafted  the  report  and  omitted 
them.  They  thought  that  these  facts  might  tend  to  humiliate  some  of  the 
officers  and  men  when  there  was  no  ground  for  such  humiliation,  and  both 
stated  that  veteran  troops  could  not  have  been  expected  to  hold  the  position  or 
to  have  done  better,  and  that  although  the  fire  of  the  Sixteenth  Iowa  seemed 
cruel,  that  regiment  could  no  longer  have  been  expected  to  withhold  its  fire,  as 
rebel  troops  were  within  a few  rods  or  a few  feet  of  them.  The  discharge  of 
that  volley  by  the  Sixteenth  Iowa  was  the  most  cruel  and  destructive  sight  that 
I witnessed  in  the  war,  and  is  as  vivid  now  as  when  the  men  brought  their 
guns  down  to  the  shoulder,  took  aim  and  made  ready  to  fire. 

Lieutenant.  Colonel  Sanders  of  the  Sixteenth  Iowa  says,  in 
his  report,  in  speaking  of  his  regiment:  “The  left,  holding  a 

comparatively  safe  position,  did  not  retire  until  they  were  fired 
into  by  one  of  our  own  regiments  in  the  rear.” 


90 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


Some  little  time  after  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana  left  the  line, 
Captain  Le  Gro  ordered  our  right  wing  to  fall  back  to  the 
woods.  He  thought  that  the  enem}’  would  get  in  on  our 
right  flank  and  he  would  be  prepared  to  meet  them  from  that 
direction.  This  was  a terrible  blunder,  because  a right 
oblique  fire  from  us  along  the  front  of  the  battery  aud  into  the 
woods  in  its  front  would  have  prevented  any  force  from  going 
through  the  gap,  and  also  aided  those  who  were  engaged  in  a 
desperate  struggle  against  far  superior  numbers  on  the  right. 
We  do  not  know  how  the  order  was  given  and  executed  on 
the  left,  but  Lieutenant  Snyder,  who  commanded  Company  B 
on  the  right,  said:  “ Men!  the  order  is  to  fall  back  to  the  edge 
of  the  woods.  Go  back  in  good  order,  now!”  and  before  he 
had  time  to  say  any  more  the  boys  fell  back.  Great  Cresar! 
how  they  flew  for  that  brush.  I started  at  first  to  walk,  feel- 
ing disgusted,  then  took  three  or  four  jumps,  as  the  bullets 
came  in  swarms  from  all  directions  just  over  nry  head,  when  my 
cap  fell  off  and  I returned  and  got  it.  We  reached  the  edge  of 
the  timber  all  safely  on  the  right,  but  we  were  in  a fearfully  mixed- 
up  mess,  and  while  Lieutenant  Snyder  was  trying  to  preserve 
order  and  form  his  company,  every  other  man  in  the  company 
was  trying  to  do  the  same  thing  with  his  neighbor.  “Form 
here,  men!  form  here!”  “Stand  where  you  are!”  “There, 
now,  form  on  this  man!”  and  for  several  minutes  the  men  in 
the  company  seemed  to  have  lost  their  reason.  Ethan  Allen, 
one  of  the  color  guard,  and  the  writer  finally  concluded  to 
watch  the  line  that  we  had  just  left  to  see  if  the  enemy  were 
also  coming  in,  for  we  had  not  as  yet  seen  a rebel,  and  we  got 
behind  the  dirt-filled  roots  of  a fallen  tree  and  remained  there 
a few  moments,  when  we  saw  the  enemy  going  into  the  woods 
on  the  right.  Allen  shot  at  a tall  man  who  wore  a straw  hat, 
and  he  fell.  The  movement  made  by  Le  Gro’s  order  virtually 
drew  the  regiment  out  of  the  battle.  Snyder  soon  formed  the 
company  and  we  moved  a few  rods  further  to  the  rear  and 
into  the  road,  which  was  called  the  main  Iuka  road,  and  the 
balance  of  the  regiment  soon  joined  us.  Colonel  Perczel  and 
the  two  guns  of  Immell  also  changed  front  with  us.  The 
fight  on  the  right  at  this  time  up  at  the  battery  was  raging 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


91 


furiously.  Volleys  could  not  be  distinguished,  and  until  the 
end  of  the  engagement  it  was  like  one  continued  roar  or  clap 
of  thunder,  and  although  Ord  and  Grant,  six  or  seven  miles 
on  the  north  side  of  Iuka,  say  they  did  not  hear  it,  the  wind 
being  from  the  north,  the  citizens  at  Jacinto,  eighteen  miles 
distant,  heard  it,  so  they  informed  us,  as  plainly  as  if  it  had 
been  only  a mile  away  from  their  village. 

The  Forty  eighth  and  Sixteenth  having  been  driven  from  the 
field,  and  the  rebels  having  possession  of  the  timber  on  the 
left  of  the  battery,  and  the  Fifth  Iowa  and  Twenty-sixth  Mis- 
souri, these  men  went  down  like  grass  before  a scythe.  At 
length  Col.  George  B.  Boomer,  seeing  the  left  companies  of 
the  Fifth  Iowa  in  his  front  being  badly  thinned,  took  the  four 
left  companies  (F,  E,  Ii  and  C)  of  his  regiment,  in  all  162 
men,  and  moved  up  and  strengthened  Matthies’  left.  He  saj's: 
“And  I at  the  same  time  ordered  my  right  wing  to  remain 
wdiere  it  was  and  await  my  orders.” 

When  the  men  in  Boomer’s  four  companies  were  nearly  all 
disabled,  he  went  to  the  low  sheltered  ground  for  his  other  six 
strong  companies.  “When  I returned  to  where  I had  ordered 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Holman  to  remain  with  the  right  wing,  I 
found  it  gone.  I immediately  returned  to  the  left  wing,  where, 
mixed  up  with  the  disabled  battery,  we  remained  without  giv- 
ing an  inch  until  I was  severely  wounded,  having  been  slight- 
ly wounded  before.  I immediately  ordered  the  men  to  retreat 
down  the  ravine  and  was  carried  off  the  field.  Wehad  lost  seven- 
ty-nine men,  including  five  commissioned  officers  wounded.” 
Holman  says:  “The  battery  had  been  carried  and  one  of  the 
caissons  came  down  on  my  left  and  threw  that  part  of  my  line 
into  confusion.  Seeing  that  I was  being  flanked  on  the  left 
and  that  it  was  impossible  to  rally  the  left  of  my  line  I or- 
dered my  command  to  fall  back  to  the  field,  a short  distance 
below  my  first  line.” 

During  the  fight  the  Thirty-seventh  Alabama  came  up  in  front 
of  the  Fifth  Iowa,  and  delivered  a terrible  volley  and  charged 
upon  their  line,  and  a brave,  big  red-shirted  Alabaman  tried 
to  seize  the  colors  of  the  Fifth,  but  he  was  killed  at  once  and 
his  regiment  driven  back.  The  Fifth  Iowa  and  Boomer’s  four 


92 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


companies  continued  the  battle  alone  until  their  ammunition 
was  all  expended,  when  Matthies  directed  his  men  to  retire  to  the 
held,  about  one  hundred  yards  in  his  rear,  where,  under  a 
galling  fire,  he  reformed  his  regiment,  and  then  marched  it  by 
the  right  of  companies  to  the  rear,  passing  near  the  road.  Am- 
munition  was  then  distributed  to  the  men,  and  they  rested  on 
their  arms  during  the  night. 

Colonel  Holmes,  seeing  our  forces  giving  way  at  the  battery, 
changed  front  on  his  left  to  move  up,  if  required,  leaving  his 
skirmishers  out  where  they  had  been  placed,  but  no  one  or- 
dered him  up.  Holman,  about  the  same  time  that  Holmes 
changed  front,  formed  his  six  companies  on  Holmes’  right, 
where  they  remained  during  the  night.  General  Roseerans 
went  over  a mile  to  the  rear,  where  Stanley’s  division  was 
quietly  resting  in  the  road,  and  ordered  up  Mower  with  his 
brigade.  Mower  rode  to  the  front,  followed  only  by  his  own 
regiment,  the  Eleventh  Missouri,  which  had,  owingto  some  error, 
filed  out  of  the  line,  and  marching  by  and  ahead  of  the  Twen- 
ty-sixth and  Forty-seventh  Illinois  in  its  front,  moved  forward 
with  cheers,  on  the  run,  up  to  the  ground  in  rear  of  the  Fifth 
Iowa,  being  attracted  to  that  part  of  the  field  by  the  heavy 
fighting,  and  passing  by  Colonel  Holmes’  regiment  on  their 
march,  and  just  before  they  formed  in  line,  meeting  Colonel 
Matthies  and  the  remnant  of  his  command.  Mower  says: 
“On  arriving  at  that  point,  I halted  the  head  of  the  brigade, 
when  I found  that  I had  only  one  regiment  with  me,  the  Elev- 
enth Missouri  Volunteers.” 

The  regiment  was  soon  engaged  in  a close  contest  with  the 
enemy.  On  entering  the  woods  they  found  themselves  within 
thirty  paces  of  the  enemy  and  face  to  face  with  the  Fourth 
Mississippi  Brigade,  and  gave  them  a volley.  The  Eleventh 
continued  fighting,  and  it  was  for  a part  of  the  time  a hand- 
to-hand  struggle.  A number  of  prisoners  were  taken  who 
pressed  into  our  lines,  five  by  my  color  guard  alone.  “After 
fighting  for  some  time  the  enemy  fell  back  to  the  top  of  the 
ridge.  About  this  time,  the  ammunition  of  the  regiment  hav- 
ing been  all  expended,  they  fell  back  eight  or  ten  rods,  where 
they  remained  until  morning. 


1862]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS.  93 

When  the  enemy  fell  back  to  the  ridge,  they  were  on  the 
ground  previously  occupied  by  the  Fifth  Iowa  and  our  front 
line,  and  held  that  line  during  the  night.  The  Eleventh  Mis- 
souri did  not  advance  to  the  ground  that  had  been  occupied 
by  the  Fifth  Iowa,  but  was  in  the  low  ground  to  the  rear  of  it. 
General  Sanborn  says:  “The  position  of  the  regiment  (Fourth 
Minnesota)  relative  to  the  balance  of  the  line  compelled  me  to 
move  it  by  its  right  flank  up  in  rear  of  the  line  occupied  by 
the  battery  and  the  Fifth  Iowa,  where  it  remained  until  in  the 
night.”  While  we  were  standing  in  the  road,  the  cheers  on 
the  right  of  our  line  informed  us  that  the  enemy  had  carried 
the  battery,  and  not  long  after  that  we  began  our  movement 
to  the  right.  In  moving  up  to  a position  in  rear  of  the  Eleventh 
Ohio  Battery  and  the  Fifth  Iowa,  our  regiment,  led  by  Company 
B,  marched  by  the  right  flank  up  the  road,  about  forty  rods  or 
more,  toward  the  log  church,  and  then  in  line  of  battle  through 
the  small  timber  to  the  front.  The  fighting  at  this  time  had 
entirely  ceased.  On  our  way  to  the  front  we  stepped  over  a 
good  many  of  our  wounded  who  belonged  to  other  regiments, 
several  of  whom  begged  us  to  shoot  them  aud  put  them  out 
of  their  misery.  Before  arriving  at  the  place  of  our  destina- 
tion we  were  halted.  It  was  now  very  dark.  A part  of  our 
left  wing  in  this  movement  became  detached  from  the  regi- 
ment and  got  between  the  Eightieth  Ohio  and  the  enemy. 
Our  right  wing  halted  within  a few  rods  of  the  rebel  line,  which 
lay  concealed  in  the  woods.  Our  right  was  at  this  time  in  rear 
of  the  Eightieth  Ohio,  which  had  previous  to  this  time  moved 
some  distance  to  the  front.  The  rebels  fired  into  and  over  our  left 
wing  and  into  the  Eightieth  Ohio,  and  they  — not  having  been 
informed  that  our  regiment  or  any  part  of  it  was  in  their  front 
or  rear,  returned  the  fire  — also  firing  to  the  rear  killed  and 
wounded  more  of  our  men  than  the  enemy  had  done  before. 

On  the  right  we  were  on  lower  ground  than  either  of  the  com- 
mands that  did  the  shooting,  otherwise  our  loss  would  have  been 
much  greater  than  it  was.  It  has  been  a difficult  matter  with  the 
writer  to  explain  the  manner  in  which  our  regiment  became 
separated  in  its  movement  to  the  right,  some  of  the  men 
who  were  on  the  left  explaining  it  by  stating  that  the  left  wing, 


94  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1862 

with  Company  A in  the  advance,  marched  hy  the  right  flank 
(fours)  and  got  between  the  Eightieth  Ohio  and  the  enemy 
while  marching  by  fours.  General  Tourtellotte  explains  it  by 
stating:  “After  the  fight  and  after  dark  the  regiment  was 
moved  toward  a position  where  we  were  to  bivouac  for 
the  night.  In  passing  through  a grove  we  came  upou  the 
bivouac  of  an  Ohio  (?)  regiment,  who  thought  we  were  the  ene- 
my, and  fired  upon  us  in  a straggling  way  without  orders. 
Some  of  our  men  were  killed  and  wounded.  Part  of  our  regi- 
ment continued  on  the  march  and  part  of  the  regiment  lay 
down  to  avoid  the  shots,  which  very  soon  ceased.  We  did  not 
run  upon  the  enemy,  and  no  enemy  fired  upon  us  after  dark. 
I do  not  remember  where  the  commanding  officer  of  the  regi- 
ment was.  Adjutant  Thompson,  I think,  and  probably  Kitt- 
redge  (sergeant  major)  and  I,  who  happened  to  be  a senior  cap- 
tain with  that  part  of  the  regiment,  started  out  to  get  the  regi- 
ment together.  We  bivouacked  in  the  woods.  The  night  in 
the  woods  was  very  dark.”  T.  M.  Young  of  Company  A in- 
forms us  that  he  walked  in  among  the  enemy,  heard  them 
speak  in  a low  voice  to  each  other  and  say,  “This  way,  Third 
Texas!”  when  he  stooped  down  and  ran  out  of  their  lines. 
Mr.  Geo.  E.  Sly  also  states  that  “ We  in  the  left  wing  (where 
Company  A was)  got  between  the  lines  and  were  fired  into  by 
both  parties.”  And  he  made  a record  of  it  soon  after,  and  as 
we  have  found  Mr.  Sly  very  correct  in  other  matters  that  he 
made  a record  of,  we  consider  this  as  reliable.  I know  that  the 
right  wing  halted  in  rear  of  the  Eightieth,  and  that  they 
turned  and  fired  to  the  rear  and  into  us.  Commands  were  at 
once  given  by  several  in  a loud  voice  to  “Lie  down!”  and  the 
most  of  us  seemed  willing  to  obey.  Captain  Inman  of  Com- 
pany D,  in  the  right  wing,  demanded,  “Who  are  you  ? What 
regiment  is  this  that  is  shooting  into  us!”  and  it  was  several 
minutes  before  the  true  state  of  facts  became  known.  The  ex- 
treme right  of  our  regiment  (Company  B)  had  passed  just  be- 
yond the  right  of  the  Eightieth.  Soon  after  the  firing  occurred 
Captain  Lueg  of  Company  G,  in  the  darkness  walked  against  a 
wounded  horse  a few  feet  beyond  our  right,  which  fell  upon 
him.  Several  of  us  went  to  him  at  once  and  released  him 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


95 


When  the  shots  were  fired  the  right  had  halted,  and,  speaking 
from  memory,  I should  say  that  we  were  not  over  two  or  three 
rods  in  the  rear  of  the  Eightieth.  The  blaze  from  their  guns 
came  into  our  faces  and  over  our  heads,  and  we  felt  a “ Thank 
God!  they  are  on  higher  ground  than  we  are,”  as,  with  Sam 
Russell,  we  crouched  behind  a tree  about  three  inches  in  di- 
ameter. Ben  Pool  of  Company  Cwas  mortally  wounded  by  the 
volley  of  the  Eightieth  Ohio. 

Not  long  after  we  were  fired  into,  Quartermaster  Hunt  came 
with  orders  and  at  8:30  p.  M.the  most  of  the  regiment  marched 
by  the  right  flank  to  the  rear  and  into  the  field  across  the  road 
from  and  southeast  of  the  hospital,  where,  with  the  right  of  our 
regiment  resting  against  the  rail  fence  on  the  east  side  of  the 
field,  we  remained  during  the  night  in  line,  facing  the  enemy. 
As  the  night  was  cold  and  the  dew  was  heavy,  some  of  us  felt  it 
keenly,  having  left  our  coats  in  the  wagon  train.  Soon  after  we 
withdrew  from  the  left,  Colonel  Perczel  withdrew  the  Tenth 
Iowa  from  that  position  and  moved  it  up  near  to  the  hospital 
building,  and  Lieutenant  Immell  also  withdrew  his  two  guns 
and  moved  them  up  by  the  log  church  building  where  he  had 
at  first  left  his  other  two  guns,  the  teams  to  which  during  the 
stampede  from  the  right  had  run  awaj7  and  broken  out  the 
tongues.  After  we  had  moved  into  this  field,  other  regiments 
of  Mower’s  brigade  were  moved  up  the  road  to  the  front, pass- 
ing within  a few  rods  of  us,  and  helped  form  our  night  line 
which  passed  through  the  graveyard. 

Another  line  of  battle  was  formed,  with  Stanley’s  division 
south  of  the  hospital.  These  preparations  and  placing  the  ar- 
tillery consumed  nearly  the  whole  night.  It  would  have  been 
a grand  thing  for  us  it  communication  could  have  been  opened 
with  Grant,  but  there  was  no  road  without  going  nearly  back 
to  Jacinto,  and  the  country  intervening  was  almost  impassable 
to  horsemen. 

Some  of  Stanley’s  division  kept  moving  up  from  where  they 
had  rested,  over  a mile  fimn  the  battlefield,  until  the  small 
hours.  Positions  were  selected  and  the  batteries  planted  on 
the  high  grounds,  south  of  Rick’s  house,  by  Col.  J.  L.  Kirby 
Smith  of  the  Forty-third  Ohio,  and  dispositions  were  made  for 


96 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


a renewal  of  the  battle  in  the  morning,  which  we  expected  the 
enemy  to  open  at  daybreak.  During  the  night  some  of  the  boys 
thought  that  they  would  smoke,  but  no  sooner  was  a match  lit 
than,  “Put  out  that  light!”  would  be  ordered  by  half  a dozen 
staff  officers. 

Both  sides  were  gathering  their  wounded  from  the  field  in 
the  night,  the  enemy  taking  theirs  into  Iuka.  An  unusual 
amount  of  noise  and  activity,  as  if  the  enemy  was  chopping 
trees  and  moving  men  and  teams  and  giving  orders,  gave  the 
impression  to  us  that  when  dawn  appeared  we  would  be  at- 
tacked, but  at  that  time  they  had  moved  away,  going  south  on 
the  Fulton  road,  Maury’s  division,  which  had  not  been  en- 
gaged, guarding  their  rear. 

Hebert  says:  “ Night  having  stopped  the  conflict,  arrange- 

ments were  made  to  renew  it  at  daybreak  or  to  repel  the  foe, 
should  he  in  the  night  move  forward  his  line,  then  only  some 
two  hundred  yards  in  front.  The  Second  Brigade  which  had 
suffered  severely,  was  quietly  withdrawn  from  the  line  and  re- 
placed by  the  First.  The  Fourth,  after  being  joined  by  the 
two  regiments  which  had  been  at  first  sent  to  the  right,  re- 
mained on  the  line  to  form  the  left  wing.  The  Third  Brigade 
was  still  held  in  reserve.  In  this  order  the  division  remained 
in  position  until  before  day,  when  it  commenced  falling  back 
to  march  in  retreat.” 

The  next  morning,  on  going  forward  to  the  ground  on  which 
the  battle  occurred,  we  found  the  guns  of  the  Eleventh  Ohio 
Battery  standing  in  the  road  between  the  two  lines  of  battle, 
and  about  one  hundred  yards  in  front  of  the  position  where 
they  were  when  captured,  the  enemy  spiked  the  guns  with  ten- 
penny  board  nails  in  their  vents.  The  dead  lay  thickly  scattered 
on  the  little  ridge  occupied  by  the  Fifth  Iowa  and  the  battery, 
and  also  in  the  tvoods  to  the  left  and  rear,  where  our  troops  had 
been  engaged  in  slaughtering  each  other.  In  the  low  ground  be- 
hind the  battery  twelve  horses  belonging  to  two  caissons  had 
become  tangled  together  and  piled  up  like  a pyramid.  Some 
below  were  wounded;  others,  dead, and  over  and  above  all,  with 
his  hind  feet  entangled  down  among  the  dead  and  wounded 
beneath  him,  stood  a noble  looking  animal  with  head  and  ears 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


97 


erect,  his  right  fore  leg  bent  over  the  neck  of  a horse  beneath 
him,  his  eyes  wide  open  and  out  of  his  nostrils  there  extended, 
like  a great  white  beard,  a foam  fully  a foot  long  and  streaked 
with  purple.  He  was  dead.  This  scene,  and  with  it  that  of 
our  dead  heroes  and  those  of  the  enemy  lying  thickly  over  the 
ground  and  the  look  of  destruction  and  desolation  that  abounded 
in  the  vicinity,  was  the  grandest  and  most  awful  spectacle 
of  war  that  I viewed  during  a service  of  four  and  a half  years. 

Col.  John  W.  Fuller  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Ohio,  command- 
ing the  First  Brigade  of  Stanley’s  division,  said  in  his  official 
report  : 

When  within  about  three  miles  oi'  Iuka  we  were  halted  in  the  road,  and 
the  batteries  were  moved  to  the  right  of  the  road  aud  placed  in  position  near 
the  edge  of  the  woods  and  on  the  hill  which  overlooked  the  open  field,  directly 
south  of  the  scene  of  the  action.  At  sunset  I received  orders  to  advance  im- 
mediately to  the  front.  As  soon  as  the  order,  “Double-quick!  ” was  given  the 
infantry  ran  forward,  swinging  their  hats  and  cheering  lustily.  But  darkness 
brought  a cessation  of  the  firing  just  in  time  to  prevent  our  taking  a part  in  the 
action.  Soon  after  dawn  it  was  reported  that  the  enemy  had  left  the  field  of 
battle  and  taken  a position  nearer  the  town.  My  command  took  the  advance, and 
after  passing  the  field  three  regiments  formed  in  line  of  battle  — the  Twenty- 
seventh,  Thirty-ninth  and  Forty-third  Ohio,  of  my  brigade,  and  the  Forty- 
seventh  Illinois,  Colonel  Mower’s  bflgade — and  moved  forward  upon  the  town. 
During  the  deployment  Captain  Powell’s  battery  (M,  First  Missouri  Light 
Artillery)  was  brought  forward  and  threw  a few  shots  at  a body  of  the  enemy 
which  appeared  near  the  Fulton  road.  As  we  neared  the  town  a flag  of  truce 
came  out,  borne  by  a citizen,  saying  the  citizens  desired  to  surrender  the  town, 
and  that  the  soldiers  (enemy)  were  all  in  the  ditches  dug  by  the  Federal  army. 
We  then  moved  forward  into  the  town  and  found  that  the  enemy  had  evacu- 
ated the  place,  leaving  by  the  Fulton  road.  My  command  went  forward  in 
pursuit  till  we  reached  Crippled  Deer  creek.  * * * Resting  near  Crippled 
Deer  creek  for  the  night  we  commenced  our  return  toward  Jacinto  about  eight 
o’clock  on  the  morning  of  the  twenty-first. 

The  shots  fired  by  Powell’s  battery  was  the  first  notice  Ord 
and  Grant  received  of  the  approach  of  Rosecrans’  army,  and 
Ord  then  moved  into  Iuka  with  his  troops.  When  General 
Grant  rode  into  the  town  he  was  disappointed  on  finding  that 
Rosecrans  had  not  occupied  the  Fulton  road,  but  in  his  report 
he  says:  “A  partial  examination  of  the  country  afterward  con- 

vinced me,  however,  that  troops  moving  in  separate  columns 
by  the  routes  suggested  could  not  support  each  other  until  they 
arrived  near  Iuka.’-  In  his  memoirs,  however,  he  blamed  Rose- 
crans for  not  doing  so. 

7 


98 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


Personal  Incidents. 

T.  M.  Young  of  Company  A says: 

At  night  the  regiment  is  moved  up  to  protect  the  guns  of  the  Eleventh 
Ohio  Battery;  we  get  between  the  lines  and  are  fired  into  by  the  Thirty-ninth 
and  Eightieth  Ohio  and  the  Seventeenth  Iowa  ; also  by  the  rebels.  We  lose  a 
good  many  men,  among  them  Thor  Olson  of  Company  A,  mortally  wounded. 
I am  badly  hurt  myself  by  the  discharge  of  a musket  in  the  hands  of  a rebel, 
but  I was  too  near  for  the  bullet  to  strike  me,  and  was  only  burnt  and  scarred. 
My  hat  was  destroyed  by  the  shot.  Bivouac  in  an  open  field.  Very  Cold.  No 
supper. 

George  E.  Sly  of  Company  A says: 

Our  regiment  formed  on  the  left  of  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana  and  in  a hol- 
low across  the  corner  of  a field.  The  musicians  were  ordered  to  return  to  the 
hospital  (an  old  log  house)  and  bring  up  the  litters.  The  bass  drummer  and 
I started  out  of  the  brush  in  the  rear  of  the  right  of  our  regiment  just  as  the 
rebels  fired.  We  laid  down  on  the  side  hill  and  the  bullets  cut  the  grass  around 
us.  The  Forty-eighth  Indiana  ran  and  I went  back  in  the  brush  and  lay  down 
behind  a log.  When  the  regiment  in  rear  fired  into  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana 
I was  on  the  same  side  of  the  log  and  did  not  know  which  side  was  the  safest. 
When  the  firing  stopped  I went  back  to  the  road  and  met  a wounded  orderly 
sergeant;  thought  it  a good  chance  to  get  out  of  danger,  took  his  things  and 
we  started  back  and  met  the  cavalry  guard,  who  commanded  me  to  return  to 
the  front;  I would  not  obey  until  compelled  to  by  a pistol;  found  theregiment 
and  concluded  to  stay  with  the  sergeants;  helped  carry  a wounded  lieutenant  of 
Company  E (Goodwin)  to  the  hospital  in  a blanket;  returned  to  the  regiment, 
moved  to  the  right  after  dark,  and  getting  between  the  lines  in  the  bush  we 
were  fired  on  by  both  lines;  great  confusion;  officers  shouting,  “ Here,  Company 
A!”  “Here,  Company  B!”  etc.;  helped  carry  a wounded  man  to  the  hospital; 
could  not  find  my  things;  laid  down  on  the  bare  ground  under  a tree  and 
shivered  all  night. 

It  is  amusing  to  read  the  statement  of  Comrade  Sly.  We 
will  say  that  George  Sly  was  a good  soldier.  At  that  time  he 
was  only  about  sixteen  years  of  age. 

Captain  Young  of' Company  A states: 

We  saw  the  enemy  advancing  down  the  opposite  hill  and  I cautioned  the 
men  not  to  fire  until  they  received  the  command  to  do  so.  The  lay  of  the 
ground  could  not  have  been  better  adapted  for  our  purpose  if  we  had  fixed  it 
ourselves,  and  when  they  had  advanced  until  they  were  in  good  range  I gave 
the  order  for  our  company  to  commence  firing,  and  it  was  fun  to  see  them 
skedaddle. 

At  the  time  of  the  battle  the  duty  of  the  writer  was  to  assist 
Commissary  Sergeant  Wilson  in  the  regimental  commissary, 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INEANTEY  VOLUNTEEKS. 


99 


but  having  a desire  to  go  into  battle  with  the  regiment,  as  the 
Fourth  came  up,  with  Company  B in  the  lead,  I asked  the 
men  if  any  one  felt  unwell  and  would  lend  me  a gun.  Not 
being  able  to  borrow  one  in  the  regiment,  I saw  an  ambulance 
near  by,  and  running  to  it  got  one  of  a man  belonging  to 
Company  B,  Fifth  Iowa,  who  was  assisting  a wounded  skir- 
misher, and  running  ahead  went  in  with  Company  B of  our  regi- 
ment. George  Baird  of  Company  K at  the  time  of  the  battle 
was  detailed  and  acting  as  regimental  postmaster,  and  not 
obliged  to  take  part  in  the  battle;  but  he  borrowed  a gun  and 
went  into  the  ranks,  as  did  also  Wilson  W.  Kick,  who  was  at 
that  time  clerk  for  the  regimental  adjutant. 

The  morning  of  the  nineteenth  found  Lieut.  T.  B.  Hunt, 
our  regimental  quartermaster,  and  Commissary  Sergt.  T.  P. 
Wilson  in  Corinth,  where  they  had  gone  for  supplies  for  the 
regiment.  About  noon,  hearing  that  a battle  was  to  occur, 
they  left  at  once  for  Iuka,  and  after  riding  about  forty  miles  to 
get  to  the  regiment  and  participate  in  the  battle,  arrived  upon 
the  field  in  time  to  be  of  service. 

During  the  progress  of  the  battle,  a great  many  of  the  officers’ 
colored  servants  “fell  hack  on  the  base,”  and  many  ludicrous 
scenes  were  enacted  in  the  rear,  where  they  sheltered  them- 
selves behind  trees  and  logs.  Some  of  the  best  runners  seemed 
to  act  as  if  they  had  business  at  Corinth  and  had  no  time  to 
spare  on  the  road.  Before  Hunt  and  Wilson  reached  our 
lines  they  met  one  going  as  fast  as  he  could.  They  stopped 
him  and  inquired  how  the  battle  was  progressing.  “ Oh, 
Lord,  Massa!  Big  fight  up  dah;  an  I’se  gitten  to  de  r’ar. 
I’se  dest  trowed  way  a big  key,  and  a knife  dat  I paid  five 
cents  fur,  ter  lighten  me  up,  so  I kin  go  faster.  Yer  bettah 
look  out  up  dar ! ” , 

On  their  arrival  on  the  field  Lieutenant  Hunt  served  as  aid 
to  Colonel  Sanborn,  and  was  very  active  and  efficient.  Ser- 
geant Wilson  rode  to  the  front  to  find  the  regiment  and  pass- 
ing up  the  road  just  after  we  had  moved  to  the  right,  found 
himself  very  suddenly  in  the  presence  of  a line  of  Confederate 
soldiers,  who  were  lying  on  the  ground  behind  a fence  with 
their  arms  all  ready  to  fire.  “Where  are  you  going?”  said  one  of 


100 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


them,  “Oh  ! just  looking  around  a little,”  he  replied,  as  heturned 
his  horse  partly  around  and  looked  hack  up  the  road  from 
whence  he  had  come.  “You  had  better  not  go  very  far  in  that 
direction,”  said  the  rebel,  who  had  not  observed  his  blue  uni- 
form. “ I'll  be  careful.”  said  Wilson,  as  heturned  his  horse  to 
the  left  and  rode  away  across  the  field  and  made  his  escape. 

Our  loss  consisted  of:  Officers  killed,  5;  officers  wounded, 

44;  enlisted  men  killed,  136;  enlisted  men  wounded,  569; 
officers  missing,  1;  enlisted  men  missing,  35;  total  loss,  790. 

Price  had  not  less  than  sixteen  thousand  at  Iuka,  and  a week 
later  he  left  Baldwyn  to  join  Van  Dorn  with  an  effective  force 
of  thirteen  thousand.  Gen.  Henry  Little’s  division  consisted 
of  four  brigades,  and  Rosecrans  had  in  his  two  divisions  but 
that  many.  The  management  on  our  side  began  with  a blunder 
in  trying  to  reach  the  cross-road  where  the  rebels  had  their  line 
of  battle  and  on  which  Rosecrans  expected  to  move  a division 
over  to  the  Fulton  road,  and  moving  the  head  of  our  columns 
too  far  to  the  front  before  forming  our  line,  and  blundering 
from  that  all  through.  We  felt  relieved  the  next  morning 
when  we  found  that  the  Johnnies  had  concluded  to  join  Van 
Dorn. 

First  Lieut.  Cyrus  Sears  and  Second  Lieut.  IJ.  M.  Neil  were 
present  with  Captain  Sands’  Eleventh  Ohio  Battery,  Lieuten- 
ant Sears  being  in  command.  He  wrote  from  Pitt,  Ohio, under 
date  of  Nov.  6,  1884,  of  the  part  taken  by  his  battery  in  this 
battle: 

The  official  report  from  the  battery  showed  an  expenditure  of  one  hundred 
and  sixteen  rounds,  mostly  canister,  and  double  canister  at  that  — and  pains 
were  taken  to  make  this  report  accurate.  This  battery  went  into  the  fight  with 
about  one  hundred  and  five  men  and  had  sixteen  killed  on  the  field  and  thirty- 
nine  wounded.  Forty-six  of  these  (killed  and  wounded)  were  of  the  gunners, 
of  whom  there  were  a total  of  fifty-four.  Three  out  of  four  officers  shared 
the  same  fate.  Forty-two  horses  were  killed  upon  the  field  and  (a  coincidence) 
forty-two  were  so  disabled  from  wounds  that  they  had  to  be  turned  over  unfit 
for  service. 

[The  official  report  spoken  of  by  Sears  is  not  published 
among  the  government  records. — Ed.] 

In  an  article  on  “The  Chances  of  Being  Hit  in  Battle,”  dur- 
ing the  war.  The  Century  Magazine  for  May,  1888,  states: 

The  Eleventh  Ohio  Battery  sustained  the  greatest  loss  in  any  one  action. 
At  the  battle  of  Iuka  it  lost  sixteen  killed  and  thirty-nine  wounded,  the  enemy 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


101 


capturiDg  the  battery,  but  the  gunners,  refusing  to  surrender,  worked  their 
pieces  to  the  last  and  were  shot  down  at  the  guns.  The  battery  went  into 
action  with  fifty-four  gunners,  forty-six  of  whom  were  killed  or  wounded,  the 
remainder  of  the  casualties  occurring  among  the  drivers  or  others. 

[Lossing  says:  “The  men  of  the  Eleventh  Ohio  Battery 

suffered  dreadfully.  Seventy-two  were  slain  or  wounded.” — Ed.J 

Hebert’s  brigade  is  reported  as  having  1,651  men,  besides 
123  men  in  the  two  batteries,  the  Thirty-sixth  Mississippi,  323 
and  the  Thirty-seventh  Alabama,  304.  This  would  make  2,278 
infantry  that  the  men  at  the  battery  and  its  supports  had  to 
fight  during  nearly  the  whole  time  of  the  hour  and  a half  that 
the  battle  lasted.  There  could  not  have  been  over  four  hun- 
dred and  fifty  men  in  the  Fifth  Iowa;  Boomer  had  162  and 
with  the  gunners  of  the  battery  would  make  about  666,  who 
alone  were  fighting  the  whole  rebel  force.  The  Forty-eighth 
Indiana  being  in  front  of  the  Sixteenth  Iowa  they  could  not 
fire  on  the  enemy,  and  did  not  until  they  poured  their  volley 
into  them  and  the  Forty-eighth  together,  and  when  we  fell 
back  the  whole  left  wing  was  drawn  out  of  the  fight.  We  felt 
ashamed  of  ourselves  as  we  stood  in  that  road  and  heard  the 
fight  the  Fifth  Iowa  and  the  battery  were  making. 

Rosecrans  accounted  for  his  short  line  by  saying  that  the 
ground  was  such  on  the  right  and  left  that  there  was  no  place 
to  develop  or  extend  our  line;  but  that  is  an  error.  There  was 
no  swamp  on  either  flank.  The  fact  is,  he  lost  his  head.  He 
spent  too  much  time  in  looking  the  ground  over  and  walking 
along  our  line,  to  see  how  our  few  regiments  were  placed.  He 
should  have  kept  his  troops  moving  to  the  front.  He  was 
undoubtedly  skilled  in  the  art  of  war,  but  he  made  a sad  fail- 
ure in  the  management  of  this  battle.  Price  reported  his  loss 
as  493,  killed  and  wounded;  but  Rosecrans  gives  it  as,  killed, 
265;  died  in  hospital  of  wounds,  120;  left  in  hospital,  342; 
estimated  number  of  wounded  removed,  350;  prisoners,  361; 
total,  1,438. 

The  reader  would  not  know  by  reading  the  official  reports  of 
General  Hamilton  or  Rosecrans  that  our  regiment  was  in  the 
front  line  of  the  battle,  and  the  official  map  of  the  battlefield, 
drawn  by  Rosecrans’  engineer  officer,  places  our  regiment  in 
rear  of  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana,  the  position  occupied  by  the 


102 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


Sixteenth  Iowa.  Colonel  Eddy’s  official  report  did  not  men- 
tion the  fact  of  their  having  been  fired  into  by  the  Sixteenth 
Iowa,  nor  does  the  report  of  Lieut.  Col.  Ad.  H.  Sanders  of 
the  Sixteenth  Iowa  say  anything  of  it,  but  he  did  say  that  his 
regiment  was  “fired  into  by  one  of  our  regiments  in  the  rear.” 
Nor  did  Le  Gro  mention  the  fact  in  his  report  that  the  Eight- 
ieth Ohio  fired  into  us.  General  Sullivan  in  his  report  stated 
that  “ The  Thirty-ninth  Ohio,  through  a mistake  and  without 
orders,  fired  a volley  into  the  rear  of  my  line,  killing  and 
wounding  more  than  my  whole  loss  prior  to  that  time.”  We 
will  state  that  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana,  the  Sixteenth  and  Sev- 
enteenth Iowa  and  the  others  were  good  regiments  of  brave 
and  gallant  men,  and  more  than  redeemed  their  reputation  af- 
ter this  battle.  We  venture  the  assertion,  and  we  believe  it  to 
be  true,  that  we  lost  more  men  in  killed  and  wounded  by  the 
fire  of  our  own  troops  than  we  did  by  that  of  the  enemy.  We 
are  indebted  to  Mr.  J.  Q.  A.  Campbell  of  Company  B,  Fifth 
Iowa,  for  some  of  the  statements  in  this  record,  more  especially 
regarding  the  part  taken  by  his  regiment,  and  extend  to  him 
our  thanks. 

Report  of  Captain  Le  Gro. 

Headquarters  Fourth  Minnesota  Volunteers, 
Camp,  Six  Miles  South  of  Iuka,  Miss.,  Sept.  20,  1862. 

Sir:  I have  the  honor  to  make  the  following  report  of  the  movements  of 

the  regiment  under  my  command  during  the  battle  of  yesterday  near  Iuka: 

At  5 P.  M.  I moved  my  command  at  double-quick  to  a position  on  the  left 
of  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana,  which  regiment  was  in  support  of  the  Eleventh 
Ohio  Battery,  commanded  by  Lieutenant  Sears.  Shortly  after  the  battle  was 
opened  by  the  battery  and  raged  furiously  along  the  line  for  half  an  hour,  when 
the  Forty-eighth  Indiana,  being  compelled  to  give  away,  fell  back  to  the  edge 
of  the  woods,  leaving  my  regiment  exposed  to  an  oblique  lire  in  the  rear  from 
the  advancing  enemy.  I then  ordered  the  right  wing  to  fall  back  ten  rods  to 
the  timber,  which  was  accomplished  in  good  order,  notwithstanding  the  gall- 
ing and  incessant  fire  of  the  enemy.  This  change  of  position  brought 
our  line  in  the  form  of  a semicircle,  partly  facing  the  battery.  Here  we  re- 
mained some  twenty  minutes,  when  the  fire  of  the  enemy  was  directed  against 
the  troops  on  the  right  of  the  battery.  I was  then  ordered  to  move  by  the 
right  flank  about  forty  rods  up  the  road,  at  nearly  a right  angle  to  my  first 
position,  and  then  by  the  left  flank,  in  order  of  battle,  to  a point  near  where 
the  battery  was  first  placed,  which  I did  immediately.  This  position  I occu- 
pied until  8:15  P.  M.,  when  the  enemy  having  fallen  back,  I was  relieved  by 
the  Eightieth  Ohio  and  ordered  to  the  rear  for  a fresh  supply  of  ammunition. 
Throughout  the  whole  both  officers  and  men  behaved  with  coolness  and  cour- 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


103 


age,  conducting  themselves  in  a manner  highly  commendable.  Too  much 
praise  caunot  be  awarded  Surg.  J.  H.  Murphy  and  his  assistants  for  their  unceas- 
ing attentions  to  the  wounded  throughout  the  action  and  during  the  night.  I 
inclose  list  of  killed,  wounded  and  missing.  I have  the  honor,  etc., 

E.  Le  Geo, 

Captain  Commanding  Fourth  Regiment , Minnesota  Volunteers. 
Col.  J.  B.  Sanborn,  Commanding  First  Brigade. 

LIST  OF  KILLED  AND  WOUNDED  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT,  MINNESOTA  VOL- 
UNTEERS, AT  THE  BATTLE  OF  IUKA,  MISS.,  SEPT.  19, 1862. 

Enlisted  Men  Killed. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Remarks. 

Private. 

C 

c 

Attached  to  11th  Ohio  Battery. 

Private. 

F 

Enlisted  Men  Wounded. 


Thor  Olsen 

Private. 

A 

Wounded  in  arm  and  leg. 

J.  W.  Dudd 

1st  Sergt. 

B 

Wounded  in  leg. 

0.  Graham 

Sergt. 

B 

Wounded  in  thumb  . slight. 

C.  G.Mickel ... 

Corporal. 

B 

Wounded  in  back  and  shoulder. 

James  Neil 

Private. 

B 

Wounded  in  head;  slight. 

Ed.  A.  Zeibarth 

Private. 

B 

Wounded  in  left  thigh. 

Charles  M.  Perkins 

Private. 

C 

Not  stated  where. 

Thomas  H.  Reeves 

Private. 

C 

Wounded  in  finger ; slightly. 

George  G.  Kimball 

1st  Sergt. 

D 

Wounded  in  shoulder  and  back;  severely. 

George  A.  Clark 

Private. 

D 

Wounded  in  left  thigh. 

J.  E.  Sampson 

Private. 

D 

Not  stated  where. 

S.  M.  Momeny  

Private. 

D 

Wounded  in  leg;  severely. 

Jas.  A.  Goodwin 

2d  Lieut. 

E 

Thigh  broken;  severely. 

Addison  Phelps 

Sergt. 

E 

Wounded  in  groin;  slightly. 

John  Boss 

Private. 

E 

Wounded  in  leg. 

0.  Lindersmith  

Private. 

E 

Wounded  in  leg. 

G.  W.  Thomas 

Corporal. 

E 

Wounded  in  leg;  slightly. 

Enos  A.  Bunker 

Private. 

E 

Wounded  in  leg. 

Benj.  Siers 

Private. 

E 

Wounded  in  Deck;  slightly. 

Fred  Shraum 

Private. 

E 

Wounded;  slightly. 

Joseph  Tatro 

Private. 

E 

Wounded  ; slightly. 

Ira  6.  Russell 

Private. 

F 

Wounded;  severely. 

William  F.  Wheeler 

1 st  Lieut. 

F 

On  General  Hamilton’s  staff;  wounded  slightly  onhead. 

J.  W.  Burdick 

Corporal 

F 

Wounded  in  head ; slightlv. 

George  Winchell 

Private. 

F 

Wounded  in  shoulder. 

Hollis  E.  Sergent 

Private. 

F 

Not  stated  where. 

Geo.  K.  Campbell 

Private. 

G 

Not  stated  where. 

John  Eike 

Private. 

G 

Wounded  in  leg 

John  Tobbe 

Private. 

G 

Wounded  in  ankle. 

Patrick  Loftus 

Private. 

G 

Wounded  in  hand. 

Antoine  Montrail 

Private. 

G 

Wounded  in  head. 

George  Rieder 

Private. 

G 

Wounded  in  both  ankles. 

Bernard  Westman 

Private. 

G 

Not  stated  where. 

Charles  Olsen 

Private. 

H 

Wounded  in  both  legs. 

N.  S.  Howland 

Private. 

H 

Wounded:  slightly. 

Peter  Lentz  

Private 

H 

Wounded;  slightly. 

Andrew  Anderson 

Private. 

H 

Wounded;  slightlv. 

Sam’l  T.  Isaac 

Sergt. 

I 

Wounded  in  hand;  slightly. 

Geo.  S.  Hutchinson 

Private. 

K 

Wounded  in  thigh  and  breast  ; severely. 

AaTon  B.  Morse  

Private. 

K 

Wounded  in  back  and  breast. 

S.  M.  Milhollin 

Private. 

K 

Wounded  in  back. 

John  G.  McCann 

Private. 

K 

Wounded  in  hand  and  thigh. 

Martin  Keifer 

Private. 

K 

Wounded  in  left  arm  just  below  shoulder;  slightly. 

Isaac  Dezotelle 

Private. 

K 

Attached  to  11th  Ohio  Battery;  wounded  arm  and  leg 
died  Oct.  23. 

The  foregoing  is  a list  of  wounded  obtained  by  us  from  the 
office  of  the  adjutant  general  at  Washington.  The  list  did  not 
state  in  what  manner  the  men  were  wounded.  We  obtained 


104 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


that  from  the  newspapers  and  from  the  best  authority  we  could 
get.  We  have  learned  that  the  following  named  persons  were 
also  injured: 

Caleb  Powers,  Compauy  K,  states  that  he  was  wounded  in  left  leg  on  Sept. 
15,  1862,  at  Jacinto. 

Thomas  J.  Bishop,  Company  K,  also  writes  that  he  was  injured  across  his 
back  at  Iuka  by  a shot. 

Mason  Rubey,  Company  H;  slightly,  on  head,  near  Iuka. 

John  Wiedert,  Company  H;  in  leg,  at  Iuka. 

Capt.  Charles  Lueg,  Company  G ; a wounded  horse  fell  on  him  in  the  dark 
after  the  Eightieth  Ohio  had  fired  into  us.  [The  writer  ran  to  him  and  aided 
him  at  the  time.] 

Oscar  Tiffany,  Company  E ; slightly,  in  leg. 

A.  H.  Kellogg,  Company  D ; in  ankle. 

Two  men  of  our  regiment  were  reported  as  captured  or  miss- 
ing at  this  battle.  Moses  Norris  of  Company  I,  who  joined  us 
on  March  30,  1863,  was  one  of  them,  and  Henry  Harper  of 
Company  I was  the  other.  Harper  afterward  enlisted  in  the 
Mississippi  Marine  Brigade.  Michael  Dolan  of  Company  E 
was  stunned  and  injured  by  the  tire  of  the  Eightieth  Ohio,  so 
much  so  that  he  was  helpless.  He  informed  us  that  Harvey 
McKee  of  Company  E led  him  off  the  field  in  the  night. 

BATTLE  OF  IUKA. 

Return  op  Casualties  in  the  Union  Forces. — Army  of  the  Mississippi— Maj.  Gen. 

William  S.  Rosecrans. 

[Compiled  from  nominal  lists  of  casualties,  returns,  etc.;  v.  17, 1,  77.1 


Command. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Captured 
or  Missing. 

Aggregate. 

Officers. 

Enlisted 

Men. 

Officers. 

Enlisted 

Men. 

Officers. 

Enlisted 

Men. 

SECOND  DIVISION. 

Brig.  Gen.  David  S.  Stanley. 

FIRST  BRIGADE. 

Col.  John  W.  Fuller. 

Twenty-seventh  Ohio 

6 

6 

Sixty-third  Ohio 

2 

2 

Wisconsin  Lt.  Artillery,  Eighth  Battery  (section) 

8 

8 

SECOND  BRIGADE. 
Col.  Joseph  A.  Mower. 

1 

4 

5 
60 

1 

3 

5 

7 

76 

2 

3 

1 

7 

i 

6 

1 

3 

Total  Second  Brigade 

93 

8 

8 

73 

i 

3 

8 

8 

81 

1 

3 

101 

1862] 


MINNESOTA  INF  ANTE  Y VOLUNTEERS, 


105 


BATTLE  OF  IUKA. 

Return  of  Casualties  in  the  Union  Forces  — Continued. 
[From  the  War  Records;  v.  17, 1,  78.] 


Command. 

Killed. 

Wounded . 

Captured 
or  Missing. 

Aggregate. 

Officers. 

Enlisted 

Men. 

Officers. 

Enlisted 

Men. 

Officers. 

Enlisted 

Men. 

THIRD  DIVISION. 

Brig.  Gen.  Charles  S.  Hamilton. 

Staff 

2 

2 

ESCORT. 

1 

2 

3 

FIRST  BRIGADE. 

Col.  John  B.  Sanborn. 

Forty-eighth  Indiana 

37 

34 

13 

2 

21 

16 

4 

10 

4 
1 

5 
2 

52 

169 

44 

40 

70 

33 

7 

1 

13 

2 

1 

3 

100 

217 

75 

45 

97 

54 

Fifth  Iowa 

3 

1 

Fourth  Minnesota 

Ohio  Light  Artillery,  Eleventh  Battery 

Total  First  Brigade 

SECOND  BRIGADE. 

Brig.  Gen.  Jeremiah  C.  Sullivan. 

Tenth  Iowa 

4 

123 

26 

408 

27 

588 

6 

35 

13 

1 

13 

3 

1 

4 

7 

46 

13 

1 

15 

4 

Seventeenth  Iowa. 

i 

3 

3 

Tenth  Missouri 

Eightieth  Ohio  * ' 

2 

Wisconsin  Light  Artillery,  Twelfth  Battery 

Total  Second  Brigade 

Total  Third  Division 

1 

i 

4 

5 

71 

5 

86 

5 

128 

35 

479 

32 

679 

BATTLE  OF  IUKA. 

Return  of  Casualties  in  the  Union  Forces  — Continued. 


Command. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Captured 
or  Missing. 

Aggregate. 

Officers. 

Enlisted 

Men. 

Officers. 

Enlisted 

Men. 

Officers. 

Enlisted 

Men. 

CAVALRY  DIVISION. 

Col.  John  K.  Mizner. 

Second  Iowa 

6 

6 

Third  Michigan *. 

1 

2 

3 

Total  Cavalry  Division 

1 

8 

9 

UNATTACHED. 

Illinois  Cavalry,  Jenks’  Company 

1 

1 

10 

Total  Cavalry 

1 

9 

106 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


BATTLE  OF  IUKA. 

Return  op  Casualties  in  the  Union  Forces  — Continued. 

RECAPITULATION. 


Officers  killed:  Lieutenants  Lafayette  Shaul,  Elvin  M.  Holcomb  and  Stephen  W. Smith, Fifth 
Iowa;  Lieut.  George  M.  Lawreuce,  Sixteenth  Iowa;  Lieut.  0.  H.  P.  Smith,  Seventeenth  Iowa. 


Colonel  Sanborn’s  Report. 

Headquarters  First  Brigade,  Third  Division, 
Army  of  the  Mississippi,  Sept.  21,  1862. 

Sir:  I have  the  honor  to  report  that,  in  pursuance  of  your  orders  of  the 

seventeenth  instant,  I moved  my  command,  consisting  of  Fifth  Iowa  Infantry, 
Twenty-sixth  Missouri  Infantiy,  Forty-eighth  Indiana  Infantry,  Fourth  Min- 
nesota Infantry,  Sixteenth  Iowa  Infantry  and  Eleventh  Ohio  Battery,  at  4 A. 
M.,  in  an  easterly  direction,  at  a point  on  the  Tuscumbia  road,  one  mile  west 
of  the  junction  of  the  Pontotoc  road  with  the  same,  without  meeting  with  any 
opposition.  At  this  point  I disposed  of  my  command  in  order  of  battle  and 
posted  a strong  guard  on  my  front  and  flanks  and  awaited  further  orders.  In 
pursuance  of  your  order  of  2 A.  M.  of  the  nineteenth  instant  I moved  my  com- 
mand in  an  easterly  direction  on  the  Tuscumbia  road,  preceded  by  the  Third 
Michigan  Cavalry.  When  I had  advanced  about  three  miles  I fell  upon  the 
enemy’s  pickets,  who  fired  briskly  at  the  advanced  cavalry  and  retired  across 
a clearing  into  a thick  growth  of  timber  and  brush,  and  continued  their  fire  as 
the  cavalry  advanced  so  rapidly  that  it  was  deemed  prudent  to  have  a portion 
of  the  cavalry  dismount  and  advance  as  infantry  skirmishers,  it  being  desirable 
at  this  time  to  conceal  from  the  enemy  all  our  force  except  the  cavalry. 
I advanced  in  this  manner  to  the  point  where  the  road  leading  from  Iuka  to 
Bay  Springs  crosses  the  Tuscumbia  road  and  halted,  disposing  of  my  command 
in  the  best  manner  possible,  in  my  judgment,  to  receive  an  attack  from  any 
quarter,  and  posted  guards  east,  south  and  north.  I had  hardly  accomplished 
this  when  I received  your  further  orders  to  move  forward  immediately  toward 
Iuka.  I at  once  drew  in  my  guard,  and  took  up  my  line  of  march  on  the  Iuka 
road,  preceded,  as  before,  by  cavalry.  When  I had  advanced  about  two  miles 
the  firing  of  the  enemy’s  pickets  was  so  rapid  and  well  sustained  that,  under 
your  orders,  I threw  out  four  companies  of  the  Fifth  Iowa  Infantry  as  skir- 
mi-hers.  These  companies  moved  forward  to  their  task  with  great  alacrity  and 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


107 


soon  succeeded  in  driving  the  enemy’s  pickets  from  a strong  position  they  had 
selected  in  a house  by  the  roadside  and  advanced  steadily,  driving  them  for 
three  hours,  killing  two  of  them  and  seriously  wounding  one  at  least. 

At  this  time  (about  4 P.  M.)  I relieved  the  companies  skirmishing  from  the 
Fifth  Iowa  by  four  companiesof  the  Twenty-sixth  Missouri  Infantry,  who  went 
forward  with  the  greatest  cheerfulness,  and  continued  to  drive  in  the  enemy’s 
pickets  rapidly  until  they  reached  a point  a little  more  than  a mile  from  Iuka, 
where  they  met  the  enemy  drawn  up  in  line  of  battle,  in  strong  force  (about 
eighteen  thousand  infantry,  with  cavalry  and  artillery),  and  drew  the  fire  from 
nearly  his  whole  line.  The  enemy  almost  instantaneously  opened  his  batteries 
upon  us  and  commenced  advancing  his  line,  and  rendered  the  most  rapid  move- 
ments and  formation  necessary  to  prevent  him  enveloping  my  whole  command. 
I immediately  caused  the  Fifth  Iowa  to  file  to  the  right  of  the  road  and  form  in 
order  of  battle,  with  the  right  wing  slightly  refused,  to  prevent  it  as  far  as  pos- 
sible from  being  flanked  on  that  wing  before  other  troops  could  be  brought 
up.  The  Eleventh  Ohio  Battery  was  brought  into  position  immediately  on  the 
left  of  this  regiment,  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana  Infantry  on  its  left,  with  the 
left  wing  slightly  refused,  and  the  Fourth  Minnesota  in  the  prolongation  of 
this  line.  [This  is  correct,  although  neither  General  Hamilton  nor  Rosecrans 
place  the  Fourth  on  the  left  of  the  Forty-eighth,  or  in  the  front  line  in  their 
reports. — Ed.]  This  line  was  on  the  crest  of  a ridge.  These  regiments  were 
ordered  to  hold  their  positions  at  all  hazards  until  further  orders.  The  Twenty- 
sixth  Missouri  Infantry  was  formed  in  order  of  battle  below  the  crest  of  the 
ridge,  with  its  left  nearly  in  rear  of  the  centre  of  the  Fifth  Iowa,  and  its  right 
retiring  from  the  front  line,  with  orders  to  Colonel  Boomer,  commanding,  to 
move  immediately  to  the  right  of  the  Fifth  Iowa,  should  the  enemy  make  its 
appearance  in  that  direction,  but  with  discretionary  authority  to  move  to  the 
relief  of  any  point  the  most  strongly  assailed.  The  Sixteenth  Iowa  Infantry 
was  formed  in  order  of  battle  below  the  crest  of  the  hill  with  its  right  in  rear 
of  the  left  of  the  Fifth  Iowa,  and  the  battery  and  the  three  right  companies  of 
the  Forty-eighth  Indiana  masking  the  balance  of  its  front  and  about  twenty 
yards  in  advance,  this  formation  being  made  to  support  the  battery. 

All  these  formations  and  movements  were  made  under  a steady  fire  of  can- 
ister from  the  enemy’s  batteries,  and  hardly  had  the  disposition  of  the  troops 
been  made  when  the  enemy  came  forward  with  his  whole  force  and  formed  in 
front  of  the  battery  three  battalions  deep.  I immediately  ordered  the  battery 
to  open  fire  and  the  infantry  to  commence  firing.  The  battery  fired  with  great 
rapidity  and  with  great  accuracy  of  aim,  which,  in  conjunction  with  the 
volleys  of  musketry  from  the  regiments  in  the  front  line,  threw  the 
enemy  into  confusion ; and  thus  in  his  first  attempt  to  take  the  battery  the 
enemy  was  repulsed  with  heavy  loss.  The  firing  of  his  musketry  during 
this  advance  was  very  rapid  and  quite  destructive,  and  caused  the  battalion 
on  the  left  of  the  battery  to  waver  and  the  right  to  fall  back.  The  enemy 
soon  reformed,  and  with  renewed  vigor  and  cheers  came  on  to  the  assault  again 
and  was  again  repulsed  by  the  well-directed  fire  of  the  battery  and  the  volleys 
and  charges  made  by  the  Fifth  Iowa.  The  three  companies  of  the  Fifth  Iowa 
flanking  the  battery  had  by  this  time  become  so  unmasked  by  the  loss  of 
men  that  it  seemed  impossible  for  the  regiment  or  battery  to  hold  out,  and 


108 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


Colonel  Boomer  of  the  Twenty-sixth  Missouri  immediately  brought  up  four 
companies  of  his  command,  and  formed  them  in  line  under  the  most  galling 
fire  on  the  right  of  the  battery  and  left  of  the  Fifth  Iowa.  The  firing  of  the 
enemy  at  this  time  had  become  so  destructive  that  Colonel  Boomer  promptly 
proceeded  to  bring  up  the  balance  of  his  command  with  great  gallantry  and 
personal  bravery,  but  fell  severely  wounded  before  reaching  his  command  and 
was  carried  from  the  field. 

I had  during  this  time  been  making  the  greatest  efforts,  in  conjunction 
with  the  general  commanding  the  division,  members  of  the  staff  and  the  field 
officers  of  the  regiment,  to  bring  back  the  regiment  placed  upon  the  left  of  the 
battery  to  its  first  position.  During  these  efforts  Colonel  Eddy,  commanding 
the  regiment  with  the  greatest  valor,  fell,  severely  wounded,  and  was  carried 
from  the  field.  The  fire  was  so  galling  it  was  found  impossible  to  bring  this 
regiment  again  into  this  line.  Colonel  Chambers,  commanding  the  Sixteenth 
Iowa  Infantry,  had  already  fallen  and  had  been  carried  from  the  field,  and  it 
did  not  at  this  time  seem  prudent  to  move  the  second  line  of  battle  in  rear  of 
the  battery.  I proceeded  to  the  left  flank  of  the  whole  line,  with  a view  of 
drawing  in  that  battalion  in  support  of  the  battery,  but  the  enemy  had  then 
appeared  in  its  front  and  was  engaging  it  with  musketry.  There  was  no  alter- 
native but  for  the  battery,  the  Fifth  Iowa  and  the  four  companies  of  the 
Twenty-sixth  Missouri  to  fight  the  battle  out  with  nearly  the  whole  force  of 
the  enemy  concentrated  on  that  point,  and  nobly  did  they  do  this.  The  infan- 
try on  the  right  continued  to  fire  and  charge  upon  the  enemy  under  their  gal- 
lant leader,  Colonel  Mattliies,  until  their  whole  forty  rounds  of  ammunition 
were  exhausted  and  until  it  was  too  dark  to  distinguish  one  object  from  another, 
and  until  one-half  of  all  the  men  that  had  been  taken  upon  the  line  upon  the  right 
of  the  battery  were  killed  or  wounded.  The  battery  at  the  same  time,  under 
command  of  the  gallant  Lieutenant  Sears,  held  out,  if  possible,  with  still  greater 
desperation,  firing  until  all  the  canister  shot  was  exhausted  and  more  than  one- 
half  of  his  men  and  nearly  all  his  horses  had  been  killed  or  wounded.  After 
this  the  enemy  came  upon  the  ground  where  it  was  stationed,  but  did  not  re- 
move the  battery  from  the  field. 

The  position  where  the  remaining  companies  of  the  Twenty-sixth  Missouri 
was  left  had  become  very  much  exposed  to  the  enemy’s  fire,  and  the  lieutenant 
colonel,  in  his  discretion  and  without  orders,  removed  them  to  an  open  field 
to  the  right  of  the  Fifth  Iowa,  and  then  formed  them  in  order  of  battle,  where 
they  remained  for  the  night.  The  enemy  making  no  further  appearance  on 
my  left,  I withdrew  the  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry  from  that  wing  and  ordered 
them  to  move  forward  and  occupy  the  ground  originally  occupied  by  the  bat- 
tery and  the  left  of  the  Fifth  Iowa.  They  promptly  moved  forward  to  within 
a few  yards  of  this  position,  when  they  received  a heavy  volley  of  musketry 
from  one  of  the  regiments  of  the  Second  Brigade  [the  Eightieth  Ohio. — Ed.]. 
I am  happy  to  report  that,  with  the  single  exception  of  the  battalion  on  the 
left  of  the  battery,  each  regiment  obeyed  every  order  with  alacrity,  and  held 
every  position  assigned  them  until  directed  to  vacate  them;  and,  in  case  of  the 
exception  above  named,  I deem  it  proper  to  state  that  the  enemy’s  fire  in  that 
position  was  so  severe  that  veteran  troops  even  could  hardly  be  expected  to 
hold  it.  The  brigade  was  in  order  of  battle,  soon  after  the  close  of  the  engage- 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


109 


ment,  ready  for  action,  the  following  morning.  Every  regiment  conducted 
itself  with  coolness  and  deliberation,  and  in  no  case  fired  except  when  the 
enemy  appeared  in  full  view,  and  then  with  deliberate  aim,  but  were  sub- 
jected to  four  full  volleys  from  regiments  of  other  brigades  of  our  own  troops 
in  the  rear. 

I forward  herewith  the  reports  of  the  commanders  of  the  respective  regi- 
ments of  my  brigade,  containing  full  lists  of  casualties  of  the  respective  com- 
mands. The  official  report  of  the  Eleventh  Ohio  Battery  will  be  forwarded  at 
an  early  day,  the  only  officer  able  to  be  on  duty  since  the  battle  having  been 
constantly  engaged  in  refitting  his  battery  for  service.  I regret  that,  in  an  ac- 
tion occupying  a little  more  than  an  hour  and  a half,  there  were,  out  of  about 
2,100  men  of  my  brigade  engaged,  584  killed  or  wounded  and  24  missing.  It 
will  be  a consolation  to  the  friends  of  all  to  know  that  they  died  or  were  injured 
fighting  manfully  for  their  country,  and  in  an  engagement  where  the  killed 
and  wounded  of  the  enemy  were  twice  the  number  of  our  own.  All  the 
commanding  and  field  officers  of  regiments  and  detachments  labored  with 
equal  zeal  and  courage  to  perform  their  whole  duty.  Colonels  Matthies 
and  Boomer  made  most  extraordinary  efforts  and  with  measurably  successful 
results.  The  former  was  more  fortunate  than  the  latter,  in  being  able  to  con- 
tinue his  efforts  to  the  close  of  the  engagement.  They  both  deserve  from  the 
country  the  reward  that  a grateful  people  are  always  ready  to  confer  upon  faith- 
ful servants.  Lieut.  L.  B.  Martin,  acting  assistant  adj utant  general  on  my  staff, 
conducted  himself  with  great  gallantry,  and  labored  incessantly  and  success- 
fully in  rallying  the  men  who  had  left  their  commands,  and  bringing  them  into 
position  to  do  good  execution  against  the  enemy.  The  line  of  officers  deserving 
especial  mention  for  gallantry  in  the  field  during  the  action  are  named  and  re- 
ferred to  in  the  reports  of  the  commanders  of  their  respective  regiments,  which 
reports  are  by  me  approved  and  confirmed,  and  to  which  attention  is  directed. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

John  B.  Sanborn, 
Colonel  Commanding. 

Capt.  R.  M.  Sawyer,  Assistant  Adjutant  General,  Third  Division,  Army  of  the 
Mississippi. 


CHAPTER  V. 


From  Iuka  to  Corinth — Battle  of  Corinth  — List  of  Casualties  — Personal 

Incidents. 

September  20th  — Saturday. — Sly  says:  “ No  breakfast.  Some 
of  our  men  bought  hard  crackers  at  fifty  cents  apiece.  Formed 
line  without  moving  very  far  and  then  marched  to  the  battlefield. 
It  is  a hard  looking  place.  Found  my  things  and  went  to  the 
regiment.  We  advanced  past  the  battlefield,  and  some  shells 
were  fired  toward  town,  but  not  replied  to.  Marched  back  to 
the  cross-roads  at  Barnett’s.  Met  General  Buford  returning 
from  leave  of  absence.  Plenty  of  p.otatoes  and  pork.  Clear. 
Good  roads.” 

September  21st  — Sunday. — Marched  back  to  Jacinto  and 
camped  in  our  old  camp  — J.  C.  Davis  — at  night,  very  tired 
and  very  hungry.  Hot  and  clear. 

September  22d — Monday.  — Move  out  to  the  old  camp  of  the 
Twenty-sixth  Missouri,  which  we  find  very  dirty.  Spend  the 
day  on  police  duty,  and  finally  get  the  place  to  looking  pretty 
well.  Very  early  each  morning  we  load  the  wagons  and  get 
ready  to  move. 

September  26th  — Friday.  — Companies  A and  B have  to-day 
been  in  the  service  one  year  from  enrollment.  A.  L.  Brown 
was  relieved  as  clerk  in  the  commissary  department  of  the 
regiment  and  assigned  to  duty  as  regimental  wagonmaster, 
and  Daniel  Foster  of  Company  A was  assigned  to  duty  as  his 
assistant.  We  have  twenty-two  six-mule  teams  in  our  regi- 
mental wagon  train,  and  Citizen  Edward  G.  Covington,  who 
has  been  our  wagonmaster  up  to  this  time,  has  been  hired  by 
Capt.  Henry  S.  Clubb,  our  brigade  quartermaster,  to  take 
charge  of  the  brigade  supply  train. 

September  30th — Tuesday. — Remarks  on  monthly  report  made 
for  the  month  of  September,  1862 : “Total  enlisted  (present  and 


1862]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS.  Ill 

absent),  842;  aggregate,  880;  aggregate  last  month,  916;  total 
enlisted  present  for  duty,  494;  extra  and  daily  duty,  67;  sick, 
18;  total  enlisted  present,  579;  commissioned  officers  present 
for  duty,  22;  extra  and  daily  duty,  2;  sick,  1;  total,  25. 

“Left  camp  east  of  Jacinto  on  the  morning  of  the  seventh  of 
September  and  moved  to  the  ground  vacated  by  the  Fifty-ninth 
Indiana  south  of  Jacinto,  bivouacked  there,  with  teams  loaded 
to  move  at  a moment’s  notice,  until  the  sixteenth  of  September. 
On  morning  of  the  sixteenth  of  September  the  regiment  moved 
out  on  the  Corinth  road  north  of  Jacinto,  and  on  the  morning 
of  the  seventeenth  returned  to  camp.  On  the  twentieth  the 
regiment  marched  back  to  the  cross-roads  (from  Iuka)  and 
halted  for  the  night,  and  the  next  day  marched  to  our  old 
camp  east  of  Jacinto.  On  the  twenty-second  moved  to  the  old 
camp  of  the  Twenty-sixth  Missouri,  where  we  now  are.  Lieut. 
William  K.  Vickroy  of  Company  B,  in  charge  of  intrenching 
tools  since  Sept.  24,  1862;  Capt.  Robert  S.  Donaldson,  sick  in 
camp;  James  IL Donaldson,  on  special  duty  as  regimental  com- 
missary of  subsistence;  Capt.  Asa  W.  White,  absent  on  re- 
cruiting service  since  July  18, 1862;  Lieut.  William  F.  Wheeler, 
detached  as  division  quartermaster,  Third  Division,  June  25, 
1862;  Capt.  John  PI.  Parker  of  Company  I,  detailed  on  recruit- 
ing service  July  13,  1863;  L.  B.  Martin,  on  General  Buford’s 
staff;  A.  S.  Fiske,  sent  north  to  collect  winter  clothing  of  regi- 
ment in  St.  Louis;  M.  T.  Thomas,  discharged  from  service 
Aug.  24,  1862,  to  accept  promotion  in  another  regiment. 

“ E.  Le  Gro, 

“ Captain  Commanding  Regiment. 

'■'■Dated  Sept.  30,  1862.” 

October  1st — Wednesday. — “ Start  for  Corinth.  It  is  cold  and 
chilly  in  the  morning  but  hot  and  clear  in  the  afternoon. 
There  is  some  talk  of  a fight  with  Price  and  Van  Dorn.  The 
regiment  carries  its  knapsacks  for  the  first  time  on  a march  of 
any  distance.  It  goes  pretty  tough.  I (T.  M.  Young)  am 
ordered  to  assist  in  loading  the  teams;  got  behind  by  so  doing, 
and  did  not  catch  up  for  ten  miles.  The  officers  threaten  to 
fine  us  for  getting  behind.  We  arrive  at  our  old  camp,  four 


112 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


miles  south  of  Corinth,  at  noon.”  It  is  surprising  what  an 
amount  of  weight  some  persons  can  carr}7.  On  this  day’s 
march,  which  was  a tough  one,  I believe  that  Patrick  Fallon 
of  Company  B carried  fully  seventy-five  pounds  in  his  knap- 
sack, haversack,  ammunition  and  gun. 

October  2d — Tuesday. — Hot  and  clear.  Moved  to  camp  Big 
Spring,  one  mile,  and  about  two  miles  south  of  Corinth.  It  is 
the  old  rebel  camp  Churchill  Clark. 

October  2 d — Rosecrans  to  Hamilton  — Prepare  your  command  to  move  by 
three  o’clock  with  three  days’  rations.  Move  into  the  outskirts  of  town,  to  the 
north  by  upper  bridge  road.  Bivouac  your  troops;  columns  closed  in  mass. 
Your  artillery  will  accompany  you.  Take  post  on  Purdy  road  north  of  the 
town.  (17,  2,  254.) 

October  3d — Friday. — George  Sly  of  Company  A says: 
“ Started  at  daylight.  Marched  through  town ; formed  line  of 
battle  fronting  the  north.  We  kept  moving  to  the  left  until  we 
came  to  the  Purdy  road,  when  we  went  out  to  the  old  rebel  in- 
trenchments.  The  rebels  attacked  our  right  flank.  The  regi- 
ment charged  across  a field  and  drove  them  out  of  the  woods, 
and  the  rebel  line  fell  back.  The  battle  stopped  for  the  night. 
I went  into  town  with  the  wounded,  and  they  were  put  into 
the  Tishomingo  Hotel.  The  regiment  moved  back  into  the 
edge  of  town.  Very  hot.  Water  was  hauled  in  wagons  to 
our  regiment.”  Two  wagons  hauled  water. 

John  II.  Thurston  of  Company  C says:  “A  captain  and  as- 
sistant quartermaster  and  aid,  "’ho  brought  orders  to  Colonel 
Sanborn,  was  struck  by  a ball  while  conversing  with  the  colonel, 
and  knocked  off  his  horse  and  fell  into  Musician  Seibert’s 
arms.  The  ball  struck  a memorandum  book  in  his  pocket  and 
thus  saved  his  life.”  Our  camp  equipage  and  supplies,  com- 
prised of  forty  wagon  loads,  moved  into  the  corral  camp  in  Cor- 
inth to-day.  Sergt.  Henry  R.  Loomis  of  Company  F was  to-day 
assigned  to  carry  the  national  colors. 

The  Battle  of  Corinth. 

The  village  of  Corinth  occupied  the  ground  in  the  north- 
east angle  between  the  Memphis  & Charleston  and  the  Mobile 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


113 


& Ohio  railroads.  The  Tishomingo  Hotel  stood  south  of  the 
Memphis  & Charleston  and  east  of  the  junction.  Behind  this 
hotel  and  east  of  the  Mobile  road  we  had  a large  frame  building 
filled  with  supplies  for  our  army.  There  was  a ridge  of  land 
in  the  southwest  angle  of  these  roads  on  which  stood  a large 
three-story  brick  building,  which  was  known  to  us  as  the  female 
seminary  (Corona  College).  General  Grant  caused  five  re- 
doubts to  be  constructed  on  this  elevated  ground,  which  were 
named  in  their  order,  from  south  to  north:  Lathrop,  Tanna- 
rath,  Phillips,  Williams  and  Robinett.  Battery  Williams, 
named  for  Capt.  Geo.  A.  Williams,  who  commanded  the  siege 
artillery,  was  built  on  a knoll  near  to  and  south  of  the  Mem- 
phis & Charleston  railroad.  Across  this  road,  on  another 
knoll  that  overlooked  Corinth  and  the  country  west,  stood 
Battery  Robinett,  which  was  manned  by  Lieutenants  Robinett 
and  Cullen  and  twenty-four  men  of  Company  C,  First  United 
States  Infantry.  This  fort  stood  six  hundred  and  seventy-five 
yards  west  of  the  town,  and  the  wagon  road  to  Chewalla, 
Pocahontas  and  Bolivar,  after  leaving  Corinth  and  passing  over 
a corduroy  and  a small  creek,  passed  on  the  north  side  of  it  and 
then  northwest.  Battery  Williams  contained  thirty-pounder 
Parrotts  and  Robinett  had  three  twenty-pounder  Parrotts,  two 
of  which  commanded  the  ground  to  the  west  and  the  other  the 
ground  north  of  the  village.  East  of  the  Mobile  railroad  and 
the  Purdy  wagon  road,  north  of  the  village,  was  another  re- 
doubt, named  Battery  Powell,  and  south  of  the  village  and 
the  Charleston  road  another  one,  named  Battery  Madison. 
Some  scattering  trees  stood  on  Seminary  ridge,  but  those  in 
the  northwest  angle  of  the  roads  had  been  cut  down  for  about  a 
half  mile  away,  to  serve  as  a thin  abatis  and  give  range  to 
the  artillery.  In  front  of  Fort  Powell  and  three  hundred  and 
twenty-five  yards  distant,  a little  creek,  then  dry,  meandered 
across  the  Purdy  road  and  the  railroad,  where  it  joined  another 
branch  from  the  north  and  ran  south  half  way  between  Robi- 
nett and  the  village. 

When  Price  moved  his  army  to  Iuka,  in  compliance  with 
Braggs’  order,  for  the  purpose  of  following  Rosecrans’  army 
across  the  Tennessee  river  and  into  middle  Tennessee,  Van 
8 


114 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


Dorn  moved  his  army  up  to  Davis’  Mill,  and,  to  divert  Grant’s 
attention  from  Price,  marched,  on  September  20th,  to  within 
seven  miles  of  Bolivar,  where  he  was  checked  b}7  the  Union 
forces  under  Brig.  Gen.  J.  G.  Laurnan,  sent  out  from  Bolivar 
by  Brig.  Gen.  Hurlbut,  who  commanded  the  troops  at  that 
point.  Price  retreated  from  Iuka  to  Baldwyn  and  from  thence 
to  Ripley,  and  Van  Dorn  moving  south  these  forces  effected  a 
junction  at  Ripley  on  September  28th  and  the  two  generals 
agreed  that  with  their  united  army  they  would  try  to  execute 
their  long  cherished  scheme  of  driving  the  Union  forces  from 
west  Tennessee.  Price,  while  at  Iuka,  had  captured  one  of 
Rosecrans’  engineer  officers,  who  had  in  his  possession  a splen- 
did map.  This  he  gave  to  Van  Dorn  and  it  proved  a treasure 
to  these  officers  in  subsequently  moving  their  army. 

General  Van  Dorn  says  in  his  report  (377): 

We  marched  the  next  morning  toward  Pocahontas,  which  place  we  reached 
October  1st.  From  all  the  information  I could  obtain  the  following  was  the 
situation  of  the  Federal  army  at  that  time:  Sherman  at  Memphis  with  about 

six  thousand  men;  Hurlbut  (afterward  Ord)  at  Bolivar,  with  about  eight 
thousand;  Grant’s  headquarters  at  Jackson,  with  about  three  thousand;  Rose- 
crans at  Corinth,  with  about  fifteen  thousand;  together  with  the  following 
outposts,  viz. : Rienzi  two  thousand  five  hundred;  Burnsville,  Jacinto  and  Iuka, 

about  six  thousand;  at  important  bridges  and  on  garrison  duty  about  two 
thousand  or  three  thousand,  making  in  the  aggregate  about  forty-two  thousand 
in  west  Tennessee.  Memphis,  Jackson,  Bolivar  and  Corinth  were  fortified,  the 
works  mounting  siege  guns;  the  outposts  slightly  fortified,  having  field  pieces. 
Memphis,  Bolivar  and  Corinth  are  on  the  arc  of  a circle,  the  chord  of  which 
from  Memphis  to  Corinth  makes  an  angle  with  the  due  east  line  about  fifteen 
degrees  south.  Bolivar  is  about  equi-distant  from  Memphis  and  Corinth,  some- 
what nearer  the  latter,  and  is  at  the  intersection  of  the  Hatchie  river  and  the 
Mississippi  Central  & Ohio  railroad.  Corinth  is  the  strongest  hut  the  most 
salient  point. 

Surveying  the  whole  field  of  operations  before  me  calmly  and  dispassion- 
ately, the  conclusion  forced  itself  irresistibly  upon  my  mind  that  the  taking  of 
Corinth  was  a condition  precedent  to  the  accomplishment  of  anything  of  im- 
portance in  west  Tennessee.  To  take  Memphis  would  be  to  destroy  an  im- 
mense amount  of  property  without  any  adequate  military  advantage,  even  ad- 
mitting that  it  could  be  held  without  heavy  guns  against  the  enemy’s  gun  and 
mortar  boats.  The  line  of  fortifications  around  Bolivar  is  intersected  by 
the  Hatchie  river,  rendering  it  impossible  to  take  the  place  by  quick  assault, 
and  re  enforcements  could  be  thrown  in  from  Jackson  by  railroad,  and  situated  as 
it  is  in  the  re-entrant  angle  of  the  three  fortified  places,  an  advance  upon  it  would 
expose  both  my  flanks  and  rear  to  an  attack  from  the  forces  at  Memphis  and 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


115 


Corinth.  It  was  clear  to  my  mind  that  if  a successful  attack  could  he  made 
upon  Corinth  from  the  west  and  northwest,  the  forces  there  driven  hack  on  the 
Tennessee  and  cut  off,  Bolivar  and  Jackson  would  easily  fall,  and  then  upon 
the  arrival  of  the  exchanged  prisoners  of  war,  west  Tennessee  would  soon  he  in 
our  possession  and  communication  with  General  Bragg  effected  through  middle 
Tennessee.  The  attack  upon  Corinth  was  a military  necessity,  requiring  prompt 
and  vigorous  action.  It  was  being  strengthened  daily  under  that  astute  sol- 
dier, General  Rosecrans.  * * * 

Field  returns  at  Ripley  showed  my  strength  to  be  about  twenty -two  thous- 
and men.  Rosecrans  at  Corinth  had  about  fifteen  thousand  with  about 
eight  thousand  additional  men  at  outposts,  from  twelve  to  fifteen  miles  distant. 
I might  surprise  and  carry  the  place  before  these  troops  could  be  brought  in. 
I therefore  marched  toward  Pocahontas,  threatening  Bolivar;  then  turned 
suddenly  across  the  Hatchie  and  Tuscumbia  and  attacked  Corinth  without  hesi- 
tation, and  did  surprise  that  place  before  the  outpost  garrisons  were  called  in. 
It  was  necessary  that  this  blow  should  be  sudden  and  decisive,  and  if  unsuc- 
cessful that  I should  withdraw  rapidly  from  the  position  between  the  two 
armies  of  Ord  and  Rosecrans.  The  troops  were  in  fine  spirits,  and  the  whole 
army  of  west  Tennessee  seemed  eager  to  emulate  the  armies  of  the  Potomac 
and  Kentucky.  No  army  ever  marched  to  battle  with  prouder  steps,  more 
hopeful  countenances  or  with  more  courage  than  marched  the  army  of  west 
Tennessee  out  of  Ripley  on  the  morning  of  September  29th,  on  its  way  to 
Corinth. 

The  enemy  reached  Pocahontas,  which  is  a station  on  the 
Memphis  & Charleston  railroad,  on  October  1st.  The  wagon 
road  running  from  this  place  to  Corinth  crossed  the  Hatchie 
river  at  Davis’  bridge,  about  a mile  and  a quarter  east  of  Poca- 
hontas. This  bridge  had  been  destroyed,  but  troops  were  set 
to  work  at  once  to  rebuild  it,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  sec- 
ond the  army  passed  over  it  on  its  march  for  Corinth,  which 
was  about  twenty-two  miles  distant.  It  is  about  five  miles 
from  Davis’  bridge  to  the  Tuscumbia  river  and  between  these 
streams  the  enemy  parked  the  most  of  his  long  wagon  trains, 
and  left  a brigade  of  cavalry,  under  command  of  Gen.  Wirt 
Adams,  to  guard  them,  and  crossing  the  Tuscumbia  river 
bivouacked  on  the  night  of  the  second,  after  driving  in  the 
pickets  of  Rosecrans’  army  near  Chewalla,  about  ten  miles 
from  Corinth. 

The  Union  generals  had  not  been  idle,  and  from  deserters 
coming  into  our  lines  and  our  Union  scouts,  Grant  and  Rose- 
crans were  kept  pretty  Avell  informed  of  ever}7  move  of  the 
enemy.  Jackson,  Tenn.,  being  at  the  junction  of  the  railroads 


116 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


where  the  Mississippi  Central,  leaving  the  Mobile  & Ohio, 
runs  south  through  Bolivar,  Grand  Junction,  Holly  Springs 
and  Jackson,  and  the  other  one  through  Corinth,  Hew  Rienzi, 
Booneville,  G untown,  Meridian  and  on  to  Mobile,  was  regard- 
ed as  the  most  strategical  point  for  the  headquarters  of  the 
army  and  General  Grant  established  them  there  on  September 
26th,  by  General  Orders,  No.  84.  (2,  17,  240.) 

On  October  1st,  Grant,  from  near  Corinth,  sent  the  following 
to  Halleck: 

For  several  days  there  has  been  a movement  of  the  rebels  south  of  my  front, 
which  left  it  in  doubt  whether  Bolivar  or  Corinth  was  to  be  the  point  of  at- 
tack. It  is  now  clear  that  Corinth  is  to  be  the  point,  and  that  from  the  west 
and  southwest.  Price,  Van  Dorn,  Villepique  and  Rust  are  together.  Rust 
commands  Breckinridge’s  forces.  * * * My  position  is  precarious,  but  I 
hope  to  get  out  of  it  all  right. 

As  soon  as  the  enemy  began  to  rebuild  Davis’  bridge,  the 
Union  scouts  reported  the  fact  and  all  doubts  as  to  their  in- 
tentions were  removed.  As  soon  as  his  cavalry  scouts  reached 
Young’s  and  the  two  other  bridges,  two  to  five  miles  from 
Chewalla,  a sharp  skirmish  ensued  with  the  Union  forces,  who 
destroyed  the  bridges. 

While  Grant  on  the  first  of  October  was  satisfied  that  the 
enemy  would  attack  Corinth,  Rosecrans  was  not,  but  believed 
that  the  enemy  intended  some  other  plan,  perhaps  to  move 
across  the  two  railroads,  and  by  forming  his  lines  north  of 
Corinth  try  to  draw  the  army  out  of  their  works  into  the 
open  country.  On  the  second  he  sent  this  to  Grant  (17, 
2,  254) : 

What  do  you  think  of  the  plan  of  my  moving  with  my  entire  command, 
save,  perhaps,  six  regiments,  and  crossing  the  Hatchie,  say  near  Ruckersville  or 
higher  up,  as  report  may  show,  and  push  those  fellows  to  the  wall  ? 

Colonel  Oliver,  with  some  infantry,  and  aided  by  the  First 
Minnesota  Light  Artillery  with  its  twelve-pounder  howitzers, 
guarded  the  approaches  in  front  of  the  enemy.  His  advance 
on  the  third  pressed  them  closely,  and  before  reaching  Cane 
creek,  which  crossed  the  Bolivar  wagon  road  outside  of  the  old 
rebel  line  of  intrenchments,  an  axle  of  one  of  the  howitzers, 
which  had  been  shattered  at  Shiloh  and  banded,  again  became 


1862]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS.  117 

disabled,  and  seeing  that  they  could  not  save  it  they  spiked  the 
gun  and  dumped  it  into  the  creek.  This  gun  was  subsequently 
recovered.  After  destroying  the  bridge,  Oliver’s  troops  took  a 
position  on  the  hill  north  of  the  railroad,  about  8 a.  m.,  and 
concluded  to  hold  it,  although  his  orders  were  to  fall  back. 
Training  his  other  howitzer  on  the  bridge  to  prevent  the  enemy 
from  rebuilding  it,  his  troops  began  a stubborn  resistance.  Mc- 
Arthur, coming  up,  ordered  Oliver  to  hold  his  position  at  all 
hazards,  and  he  then  rode  back  for  re-enforcements  (354).  Oli- 
ver had  at  this  time  about  five  hundred  men  — a James  rifled 
six-pounder  had  been  sent  to  him  to  replace  the  disabled  how- 
itzer— and  with  this  force  and  some  skirmishers  on  the  line,  he 
held  the  hill  for  about  two  hours,  when  two  regiments  of  Mc- 
Arthur’s brigade  came  up  to  his  assistance.  These  troops 
drove  the  enemy  back  across  the  railroad  and  up  the  opposite 
hill.  The  firing  then  ceased.  General  McArthur  then  came 
up  with  Baldwin’s  brigade  of  Davis’  division,  and  under  his  di- 
rection formed  on  the  right  and  left  of  the  line.  Baldwin 
threw  out  skirmishers,  but  after  advancing  only  about  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  yards  they  returned  and  reported  that  lines  of 
battle  were  formed  against  them.  Oliver  finding  that  the  ene- 
my was  advancing  in  line  of  battle  and  that  his  force  was  be- 
ing outflanked  and  breaking,  withdrew  from  his  position. 

The  Rebel  Line. 

Van  Dorn  says: 

At  daybreak  of  the  third  the  march  was  resumed,  the  precaution  having 
been  taken  to  cut  the  railroad  between  Corinth  and  Jackson,  which  was  done 
by  a squadron  of  Armstrong’s  cavalry.  Lovell’s  division  in  front  kept  the  road 
on  the  south  side  of  the  Memphis  & Charleston  railroad.  Price,  after  marching 
on  the  same  road  about  five  miles  turned  to  the  left,  crossing  the  railroad,  and 
formed  a line  of  battle  in  front  of  the  outer  line  of  intrenchments  and  about 
three  miles  from  Corinth.  Lovell  formed  line  of  battle,  after  some  heavy  skir- 
mishing, having  to  construct  a passage  across  the  dry  bed  of  Indian  creek  [Cane 
creek,  and  this  was  the  bridge  destroyed  by  Oliver]  for  his  artillery  under  fire. 
The  following  was  the  order  of  battle:  The  three  brigades  of  Lovell’s  division 

— Rust  on  the  right,  Bowen’s  in  the  centre  and  Villepique  on  the  left,  in  line, 
with  reserves  in  rear  of  each;  Jackson’s  cavalry  brigade  on  the  right  en  echelon, 
the  left  flank  of  the  division  on  the  Charleston  railroad;  Price’s  corps  on 
the  left,  with  the  right  flank  resting  on  the  same  road;  Maury’s  division  on 
the  right,  with  Moore’s  and  Pfifer’s  brigades  in  line,  Cabell’s  in  reserve;  H6- 


118 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


bert’s  division  on  the  left,  with  Gates’  and  Martiu’s  brigades  in  line,  Colbert’s 
in  reserve;  Armstrong’s  cavalry  brigade  on  the  extreme  left,  somewhat  de- 
tached and  out  of  view.  Hubert’s  left  was  masked  behind  a timbered  ridge 
with  orders  not  to  bring  it  into  action  until  the  last  moment.  This  was  done 
in  hopes  of  inducing  the  enemy  to  weaken  his  right  byre-enforcing  his  centre  and 
left— where  the  attack  was  first  to  be  made — that  his  right  might  be  forced.  At 
ten  o’clock  all  skirmishers  were  driven  into  the  intrenchments  and  the  two 
armies  were  in  line  of  battle,  confronting  each  other  in  force.  A belt  of  fallen 
timber  or  abatis,  about  four  hundred  yards  in  width,  extended  along  the  whole 
line  of  intrenchments.  This  was  to  be  crossed.  The  attack  was  commenced 
on  the  right  by  Lovell’s  division  and  extended  gradually  to  the  left,  and  by 
half-past  one  the  whole  line  of  outer  works  was  carried. — [Van  Dorn's  Report.'] 

The  Union  Line  and  Force. 

General  Rosecrans  in  his  October,  1886,  Century  Magazine 
article,  states: 

To  meet  all  probable  contingencies,  nine  o’clock  on  the  morning  of  the 
third  found  my  troops  disposed  as  follows:  Hamilton’s  division,  about  3,700 
strong,  on  the  Purdy  road  north  of  the  town,  to  meet  any  attempt  from  the 
north;  Davies’  division,  3,204  strong,  between  the  Memphis  & Charleston  and 
Mobile  & Ohio  railways,  northwest  of  the  town;  McKean’s  division,  5,315 
strong,  to  the  left  of  Davies’,  and  in  rear  of  the  old  Halleck  line  of  batteries; 
and  Stanley’s  division,  3,500  strong,  mainly  in  reserve  on  the  extreme  left, 
looking  toward  the  Kossuth  road. 

Davis  had  in  the  morning  moved  his  three  brigades,  which 
were  commanded  by  Generals  Hackleman,  Oglesby  and  Colo- 
nel Baldwin,  and  formed  a line  of  battle  in  the  angle  between 
the  railroads,  a mile  and  a half  outside  of  the  town,  Hackleman 
being  on  the  right  and  Baldwin  in  reserve.  He  subsequently 
moved  his  command  to  the  left  and  front  toward  the  Mobile 
road  and  was  there  when  he  sent  Baldwin  to  Oliver.  He 
afterward  moved  Hackleman  and  Oglesby  out  to  the  old  rebel 
breastworks  on  Hamilton’s  left,  leaving  quite  a gap  between 
his  own  force  and  Oliver’s.  The  enemy,  in  moving  forward, 
passed  in  between  these  forces,  causing  Davies,  after  desperate 
fighting  to  keep  falling  back  and  forming  lines  to  the  rear  until 
he  had  formed  his  fourth  and  last  line  of  battle  seven  hundred 
and  twenty-five  yards  outside  of  Robinett.  Davies  during 
the  day  had  sent  numerous  requests  to  Rosecrans  for  re- 
enforcements. It  was  a long  time  before  the  most  of  Mower’s 
brigade  of  Stanley’s  division  moved  forward  to  his  aid, 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


119 


and,  after  fighting  furiously  four  regiments  under  McArthur 
on  the  left,  charged  on  the  enemy  and  drove  them  back.  They, 
however,  again  advanced  on  the  left  and  through  the  gap  between 
Davies  and  McKean,  and  renewed  the  contest  with  great 
fury,  and  the  Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  Iowa  of  Crocker’s  Iowa 
brigade  of  McKean’s  division,  moving  up,  after  a contest  of 
three-quarters  of  an  hour,  drove  them  back. 

Hamilton,  on  the  extreme  right,  took  position  at  daylight 
north  of  the  town,  and  at  10:00  a.  m.  had  formed  a line  on  the 
Purdy  road  at  the  old  rebel  line,  of  intrenchments,  two  and 
one-half  miles  north  of  the  town,  his  left  connecting  with 
Davies  at  the  railroad.  As  the  enemy  pressed  Davies’  troops 
back  toward  the  town  Hamilton  gradually  changed  the  front 
of  his  division.  He  says: 

My  front  was  gradually  changed  to  meet  the  advance  of  the  enemy  and  so 
steady  and  rapid  was  his  progress  that  in  order  to  present  my  front  to  him  my 
position  at  5 p.  M.  was  nearly  the  reverse  of  that  when  communication  was 
opened  with  Davies.  The  division  had  swung  around  on  the  centre  as  a pivot. 

As  Davies  fell  back  Hamilton  prepared  to  assault  their  left 
flank  and  directed  Sullivan  to  move  his  brigade  down  on  the 
enemy,  his  left  covering  the  Purdy  road,  Dillon’s  Sixth  Wis- 
consin Battery  moved  forward  on  the  left  of  the  brigade,  the 
other  batteries  being  placed  in  reserve.  This  force  — under 
Colonel  Holmes,  Tenth  Missouri  — Sullivan  complaining  of 
feeling  unwell  and  retiring  from  the  field  — moved  forward 
to  the  railroad  and  its  skirmishers  became  warmly  engaged 
with  the  enemy’s  left  flank.  General  Buford  was  ordered  to 
support  this  movement  of  Sullivan’s  troops  with  his  brigade, 
but  by  an  error  he  led  his  troops  too  far  to  the  right. 

General  Buford  said  in  his  report,  that  at  5:00  p.  m.  of  the 
third  instant  he  deployed  three  regiments  at  right  angles  to 
the  Purdy  road,  but  facing  south,  to  co-operate  with  the  Sec- 
ond Brigade  in  finding  the  enemy,  who  was  supposed  to  have 
crossed  the  railroad  and  got  between  us  and  Corinth. 
“I  deployed  the  Fourth  Minnesota  on  the  right,  next  the  Fifty- 
ninth  Indiana,  next  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana  into  an  open 
field,  but  it  was  closed  on  the  south  and  west  with  down  brush- 
wood and  timber.  The  deployment  was  made  with  Company 


120 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


K,  Fourth  Minnesota,  as  skirmishers,  etc.”  This  is  the  time 
and  place  where  the  regiment  made  the  charge  and  Captain 
Mooers  and  one  private  was  killed  at  this  time.  The  enemy 
received  a terrible  scare,  believing  that  their  left  was  being 
turned,  and  they  made  dispositions  to  meet  the  threatened 
danger. 

It  was  not  deemed  proper  by  Hamilton  to  advance  Sullivan’s 
troops  until  Buford’s  brigade  could  be  returned  to  aid  them. 
This  movement  on  the  enemy’s  left  flank  caused  several  of 
their  batteries  to  open  on  Hamilton’s  force,  and  their  fire  was 
kept  up  for  about  half  an  hour.  This  movement  on  the  left  of 
the  enemy  undoubtedly  caused  them  to  hesitate  in  their  move- 
ments against  Davies’  and  checked  their  advance  upon  the 
town. 

It  was  now  sundown  and  the  enemy  rested  on  his  arms 
eight  hundred  yards  beyond  Robinett,  and  our  forces  retired 
to  the  inner  line  of  works.  After  dark,  General  Hamilton 
moved  his  division  around  to  the  right  to  avoid  the  enemy, 
who  was  between  us  and  the  town,  and  about  midnight  formed 
his  line  on  the  north  side  of  the  village,  his  left  resting  near 
Battery  Powell. 

This  ended  the  battle  of  the  third.  The  Confederates  had 
met  with  fearful  losses,  but  were  highly  elated  at  their  success 
in  driving  their  forces  like  a wedge  almost  through  the  centre 
of  the  Union  lines.  Van  Dorn  had  hoped  that  one  day’s  opera- 
tions would  end  the  contest.  He  says:  “ One  hour  more  of 

daylight  and  victory  would  have  soothed  our  grief  for  the 
gallant  dead  who  sleep  on  that  lost  but  not  dishonored  field. 
The  army  slept  on  its  arms  within  six  hundred  yards  of  Cor- 
inth, victorious  so  far.” 

Night  settled  over  the  scene  and  active  preparations  were 
made  by  both  sides  for  the  contest  on  the  morrow.  Rosecrans 
reformed  his  line,  McKean’s  division  occupying  College  Hill 
and  defending  Fort  Williams;  Stanley’s  defending  Robinett, 
his  line  extending  along  the  wagon  road  from  Robinett  to  the 
town;  the  Fifth  Minnesota  occupying  the  right,  in  town,  with 
its  left  resting  near  the  railroad  depot;  Davies’  line  ex- 
tended to  the  right  of  the  unfinished  redoubt  (Powell),  while 


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121 


Hamilton’s  was  on  its  right  and  faced  to  the  north  and  north- 
east. Axes  and  spades  were  kept  busy  during  the  night,  and 
some  slight  breastworks  were  built  of  logs  and  other  material, 
covering  a part  of  Davies’  front.  Hamilton’s  division  built 
no  works  of  any  kind  for  its  protection.  The  most  of  the 
night  was  occupied  with  these  preparations  and  placing  the 
artillery  in  position.  Yan  Dorn  and  his  army  plainly  heard 
the  rumbling  of  the  wheels  and  the  noise  in  the  Union  lines, 
and  while  some  believed  that  Rosecrans  was  evacuating  the 
town,  others  thought  that  the  troops  at  the  outlying  posts  were 
being  drawn  in. 

Captain  Cummins,  acting  inspector  general  (rebel),  says  in 
his  report  (395) : “All  night  of  the  third  a great  rattling  of 
wagons,  shouting  of  teamsters  and  suppressed  murmur  of  hur- 
rying hosts  denoted  great  activity,  from  which  some  of  us  sur- 
mised that  the  enemy  were  evacuating.” 

During  the  night  of  the  third  Fuller’s  Ohio  brigade  took  its 
position  to  defend  the  line  at  Robinett.  Captain  Brown  of  the 
Sixty-third  Ohio  was  on  duty,  with  two  companies  of  this  regi- 
ment, on  the  Bolivar  road.  Creeping  up  cautiously  he  captured 
Lieutenant  Tobin,  who  commanded  a battery,  and  his  bugler, 
who  were  looking  for  a place  to  plant  their  guns. 

Yan  Dorn  says: 

During  the  night  three  batteries  (Tobin,  Sengstak  and  McNally’s,  fourteen 
guns)  were  ordered  to  take  position  on  the  ridge  overlooking  the  town  from  the 
west,  just  where  the  hills  dip  into  the  flat  extending  into  the  railroad  depot, 
with  instructions  to  open  upon  the  town  at  4 :00  A.  M. 

In  getting  into  position  one  of  these  guns  was  driven  into 
the  Union  line  and  captured. 

Yan  Dorn’s  plan  was  for  Hebert  to  begin  the  attack  on  the 
left  at  daylight,  moving  down  both  sides  of  the  railroad  and 
the  Purdy  ridge,  the  other  forces  to  wait  until  they  were 
heavily  engaged,  when  they  were  all  to  move  forward  and  as- 
sault the  works. 

The  Second  Day. 

At  4:00  a.  M.  the  rebels  opened  on  the  town  with  their  artillery. 
It  was  still  dark  and  the  flash  of  each  piece  from  the  command- 


122 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


ing  ridge  on  which  they  were  located,  which  was  higher  than 
College  Hill,  could  be  plainly  seen.  It  was  a grand  sight  to 
behold  the  long  streaks  of  flame  as  they  darted  out  in  the  dark- 
ness. The  most  of  the  shot  and  shell  went  high  over  every- 
thing and  screaminginto  thecountry  beyond.  Some,  however, 
burst  among  the  troops  on  the  hill,  injuring  a good  many  of 
them.  Our  batteries  did  not  reply  at  once  and  we  wondered 
what  the  matter  could  he.  In  a few  minutes,  however,  dawn 
began  to  creep  over  the  landscape  and  Captain  Williams 
opened  with  his  thirty -pounders;  Captain  Phillips,  six  hundred 
yards  southwest, nextjomed  in  with  his  eight-inch  howitzer, which 
enfiladed  the  batteries  of  the  enemy.  Robinett  and  several 
light  batteries  also  united  in  the  music,  which  silenced  the  ene- 
my’s guns  within  thirty  minutes  and  caused  them  to  withdraw 
from  the  field — they  being  compelled  to  leave  a gun  and  caisson 
behind  which  our  forces  captured.  As  soon  as  possible  after 
the  rebels  began  firing  on  the  town  the  wounded  in  the  two 
hotels  were  moved  from  them  to  a hospital  on  the  east  side  of 
the  village  near  the  corral  of  the  wagon  trains. 

Hebert  was  sick  on  the  morning  of  the  fourth,  and  did  not 
report  the  fact  at  once.  When  it  was  known  General  Green 
assumed  command  of  his  division,  which  was  still  on  Price’s 
left,  and  it  was  nine  o’clock  before  the  movement  began.  At 
this  time  the  Confederate  line  consisted  of  the  four  brigades  of 
Hebert’s  division  (commanded  by  Little  at  Iulca),  from  left  to 
right;  the  Second,  commanded  by  Colbert;  Fourth,  Martin’s 
and  McLain’s;  First,  Gates’,  with  the  Third,  Green’s,  com- 
manded by  Moore,  in  reserve;  on  its  right  Maury’s  division, 
three  brigades,  Pfifer’s  and  Moore’s,  with  Cabell’s  in  reserve. 
In  the  advance  of  these  troops,  Moore’s  attacked  Robinett, 
Lovell’s  division  being  on  Maury’s  right,  south  of  the  Memphis 
railroad  and  in  front  of  College  Hill,  and  consisting  of  three 
brigades  commanded  by  Rust,  Villepique  and  Bowen.  The 
Thirty-fifth  Mississippi  Infantry,  many  of  whom  were  after- 
ward captured  by  our  regiment  at  Allatoona,  was  in  Moore’s 
brigade  of  Maury’s  division. 

The  Federal  line  of  battle  from  right  to  left  was  as  follows: 
Hamilton’s  division,  with  Buford’s  brigade  on  the  extreme 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


123 


right;  then  Sullivan’s  on  its  left,  and  in  reserve,  next  came  the 
three  brigades  of  Davies’  division,  Hackleman’s,  Oglesby’s  and 
Baldwin’s;  then  Stanley’s  division  of  two  brigades,  Fuller’s  and 
Mower’s;  then  McKean’s  division,  three  brigades,  McArthur’s, 
Oliver’s  and  Crocker’s.  General  Hamilton  says: 

From  sunrise  to  9:00  A.  M.  there  was  little  firing,  but  at  10:00  A.  M.  the 
enemy  having  completed  all  his  arrangements,  under  cover  of  the  woods,  his 
columns  moved  to  the  assault.  The  lines  of  the  two  armies  converged  toward 
the  centre,  and  while  one  column  of  attack  moved  directly  across  the  open 
ground  against  Davies’,  two  columns,  equally  strong,  crossed  the  Purdy  road  a 
full  half  mile  north  of  Davies’  and  one  deploying  as  it  came  upon  the  crest  of 
the  ridge,  the  other  moved  over  the  ridge  far  to  the  eastward  and  changing 
direction  to  the  right  deployed  under  cover  of  a cloud  of  skirmishers  and  came 
directly  down  on  my  front  from  the  north.  While  this  was  being  done  the 
column  moving  against  Davies  had  progressed  steadily  up  the  slope  and  into 
the  town,  sweeping  away  his  troops  and  carrying  his  batteries  on  the  right 
with  the  bayonet — had  swept  over  the  ridge  with  resistless  force  into  the  valley 
below.  Dillon’s  battery  of  my  division,  on  Davies’  right,  was  carried  in  this 
assault.  But  here  the  advance  of  the  rebels  was  checked  by  the  firm  stand  of 
the  Tenth  Missouri  Regiment  under  Major  Horney.  Along  the  ridge  and  to 
the  eastward  on  my  right,  as  soon  as  the  enemy  came  in  sight,  my  reserve 
batteries,  the  Twelfth  Wisconsin,  Eleventh  Ohio  and  Battery  M,  First 
Missouri,  opened  with  guns  double-shotted  with  canister  and  sweeping 
over  the  whole  front  with  their  storm  of  iron.  The  rapid  play  of  these 
batteries  seemed  to  check  the  advance  of  the  enemy,  and  I directed  an 
immediate  advance  of  my  whole  line  of  infantry.  It  was  executed  at  the 
opportune  moment.  The  regiments  opened  fire,  and  advancing  with  cheers 
and  volleys,  their  banners  streaming  to  the  winds,  they  moved  to  the 
outset.  It  was  too  much  for  even  rebel  courage.  Checked  by  the  storm  of 
canister,  they  could  not  stand  up  against  the  charge  of  the  veterans  who  had 
met  and  conquered  them  at  Iuka.  Halting,  wavering,  they  turned  and  fell 
back,  pursued  by  the  whole  line.  Their  left  was  routed,  and  followed  up  by 
the  regiments  on  the  left  of  my  line  under  Sullivan  and  Holmes  they  were 
driven  from  the  valley  over  the  ridge,  followed  by  a line  of  bayonets  and  a 
deadly  fire.  The  batteries  were  all  recaptured,  and  quick  as  the  hands  of 
brave  men  could  man  them,  they  again  poured  into  the  retreating,  routed  host 
the  death-dealing  canister.  The  tide  of  assault  was  thus  first  stemmed  and 
turned  on  my  extreme  right  by  the  splendid  charge  of  Buford’s  brigade,  spread 
along  my  left  over  the  ground  from  which  Davies  had  been  driven  through  the 
town,  along  Stanley’s  front  and  to  the  enemy’s  extreme  right.  The  repulse 
was  complete.  The  day  was  saved.  The  victory  which  hung  in  the  balance 
was  ours. 

Davies’  troops  gave  way  along  his  whole  line  and  the  enemy 
occupied  it  for  a short  time.  Some  of  them  entered  the  town 
and  passed  through  the  yard  where  Rosecrans  had  his  head- 


124 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


quarters,  several  having  been  killed  in  Mark  Hampton’s  door- 
yard;  others  came  as  far  as  the  public  square.  Davies’  division 
soon  rallied  and  aided  in  driving  the  enemy  back  and  recap- 
turing their  line.  The  Fifth  Minnesota  on  the  left  of  Davies 
also  aided  very  materially  in  accomplishing  this  result  by 
changing  front  and  pouring  a destructive  and  enfilading  fire 
into  his  line,  charging  him  through  the  streets  and  out  over  the 
works. 

The  same  rebel  battalions  were  opposing  our  brigade  in  this 
battle  which  came  against  it  at  Iuka.  Lieut.  H.  M.  Neil  of 
the  Eleventh  Ohio  Battery  sat  on  his  horse  during  the  action, 
encouraging  his  men  and  bidding  defiance  to  the  enemy  as  he 
approached,  daring  him  to  come  and  capture  his  battery. 

Our  regiment  during  the  action  supported  this  battery.  The 
Twenty-sixth  Missouri  was  on  our  right,  the  Fifth  Iowa  on  our 
left,  and,  on  its  left,  the  Forty-eighth  and  Fifty-ninth  Indiana, 
both  supporting  Batter}7  M,  First  Missouri  Light  Artillery. 

As  soon  as  Price’s  forces  became  heavily  engaged  on  the  left, 
Lovell’s  division  moved  forward  against  the  troops  of  McKean 
on  College  Hill,  intending  to  storm  and  carry  the  works. 
Bowen  says : “ The  information  given  that  there  were  but 

three  guns  at  this  point  was  erroneous,  as  I had  thus  developed 
at  least  twenty.”  Lovell’s  forces  were  compelled  to  withdraw 
and  Villepique’s  brigade  was  moved  to  the  left  to  support 
Price’s  centre  as  it  was  being  driven  from  thetown,  and  Rust’s 
brigade  was  also  moved  to  the  rear  and  placed  in  position  on 
the  Oliver  hill  to  protect  the  rear  until  the  enemy  crossed  In- 
dian creek. 

General  Stanley,  looking  at  the  field  from  College  Hill,  says: 
“ Should  God  spare  me  to  see  many  battles  I never  expect  to  see 
a more  grand  sight  than  the  battlefield  presented  at  this  mo- 
ment. The  enemy  had  commenced  falling  back  from  the  town 
and  batteries  before  our  advancing  infantry.  The  roll  of  mus- 
ketry and  the  flash  of  artillery  was  incessant  as  the  enemy  tried 
in  vain  to  form  line  under  fire.  As  the  smoke  cleared  up  I 
can  safely  say  I could  see  every  fighting  man  on  the  field.  But 
we  were  not  long  left  spectators  of  the  fight.  Our  shirmishers 
were  driven  in  and  soon  a line  of  battle  of  a brigade  crowned  the 


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125 


ridge  opposite  us  and  commenced  to  pour  a destructive  mus- 
ketry tire  upon  * * * the  troops  at  Robinett.”  This  redoubt 

was  supported  by  Fuller’s  Ohio  brigade,  the  Forty-third  oc- 
cupying the  intrenchment  running  from  the  fort  to  the  rail- 
road and  just  long  enough  for  a regimental  front,  the  Sixty- 
third,  Twenty-seventh  and  Thirty-ninth  extending  along  the 
wagon  road  toward  the  town,  the  Eleventh  Missouri  being 
held  in  reserve.  During  the  time  that  the  enemy  was 
being  repulsed  from  the  town  a heavy  body  of  troops 
emerged  from  the  timber  and  approached  Robinett.  They 
marched  steadily  forward  in  quick  time;  the  sun  shining  on 
their  gun  barrels  made  them  look  as  if  they  were  being  carried 
ataright-shoulder-shift;  their  flags  are  unfurled.  Robinett  fires 
at  them  with  his  Parrotts,  but  the  infantry  lie  down  in  line 
along  the  road  until  the  rebels  are  within  fifty  feet  of  them, 
when  they  deliver  their  fire  andthe  enemy  turn  and  fly  in  great 
confusion  back  into  the  woods,  which  are  dense  and  hide  all 
movements  effectually  from  our  sight.  In  a few  minutes  they 
are  reformed,  strongly  re-enforced,  and  Col.  W.  P.  Rogers 
of  the  Second  Texas,  taking  a flag  in  his  hand,  leads  them  again 
to  the  assault.  The  action  is  short,  sharp  and  desperate.  The 
ditch  at  Robinett  was  five  feet  deep.  Colonel  Rogers  was 
killed  just  outside  of  it.  Some  of  the  enemy  jump  into  it,  scale 
the  parapet  and  open  fire  on  the  rear  of  the  Forty-third.  The 
Sixty-third  Ohio  fight  gallantty  but  cannot  contend  alone  with 
the  superior  force,  and  Colonel  Sprague  withdrew  the  left  and 
centre.  The  gunners  seize  their  muskets  and  try  to  repel  the 
enemy,  but  finding  they  cannot  do  it,  retire  to  an  angle  of  the 
fort,  as  previously  instructed,  when  Captain  Williams,  who 
knows  just  how  many  feet  it  is  from  his  guns,  bursts  a shell  on 
top  of  the  fort  and  another  near  its  right  edge.  In  the  mean- 
time the  Forty-third  Ohio  and  Eleventh  Missouri  changed  front 
and  stormed  up  to  the  right  and  left  of  Robinett,  and  with  the 
aid  of  the  Sixty-third  and  Twenty-seventh  Ohio  drove  the  ene- 
my from  the  fort  and  back  into  the  woods.  This  ended  the 
battle  of  Corinth.  Col.  Jos.  L.  Kirby  Smith  of  the  Forty- 
third  Ohio  during  this  assault  was  mortally  wounded  and  the 
loss  in  the  brigade  was  heavy.  Thirteen  out  of  the  twenty-six 
men  in  the  fort,  including  Lieutenant  Robinett,  are  wounded. 


126 


HISTOKY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 

The  enemy  immediately  began  his  flight  from  the  field. 
East’s  brigade  covered  the  rear  as  far  as  Chewalla. 

Captain  Cummins  says  (395): 

Oar  lines  melted  under  tlieir  lire  like  snow  in  thaw.  We  fell  back  that 
night  nine  miles.  Ourdivisiou  did  not  number  eight  hundred  men.  When  we 
got  into  Corinth  he  swallowed  up  seven  brigades  of  as  good  fighting  men  as  I 
ever  saw  in  about  twenty  minutes. 

Brig  Gen.  Jas.  B.  McPherson  was  Grant’s  superintendent 
of  railroads.  General  Grant  sent  him  on  the  fourth  with  a 
provisional  brigade  to  Corinth  to  aid  Rosecrans.  Finding  the 
railroad  track  torn  up  and  the  enemy  across  it,  he  left  the  cars 
fifteen  miles  north  of  Corinth  and  taking  the  wagon  road  on 
the  east  side  of  the  railroad,  marched  into  the  town,  arriving 
at  4:00  p.  m. 

LOSSES. 

The  losses  as  reported  in  the  war  records  were,  in  Rosecrans’ 
report,  355  killed,  1,841  wounded,  324  captured  or  missing; 
and  in  Van  Dorn’s  report,  505  killed,  2,150  wounded,  2,183 
missing.  Rosecrans  stated  in  his  report: 

The  enemy’s  loss  in  killed  was  1,423  officers  and  men.  Their  loss  in 
wounded,  taking  the  general  average,  amounts  to  5,692.  We  took  2,268  prison- 
ers, among  whom  are  137  field  officers,  captains  and  subalterns.  We  also  took 
fourteen  stand  of  colors,  two  pieces  of  artillery,  3,300  stand  of  small  arms. 

In  a book  published  by  the  Pension  Office  of  losses  in  battles 
during  the  war,  Van  Dorn’s  loss  is  reported  as,  killed,  2,017; 
wounded,  7,854;  missing,  4,350. 

LIST  OF  KILLED  AND  WOUNDED  OF  THE  FOURTH  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY,  AT 
THE  BATTLE  OF  CORINTH,  MISS.,  OCT.  3 AND  4,  1862. 

ENLISTED  MEN. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Remarks. 

Commissioned  0 flic  er  s 
Killed — 

Robert  P.  Mooers 

Commissioned  Officers 

Captain. 

K 

Killed  on  third,  while  commanding  on  skirmish 
line. 

Wounded — , 

Janies  VV.  Crawford 

1st.  Lieut 

E 

Wounded  in  head. 

Enlisted  Men. 

Frank  Wilson 

Private. 

D 

Killed  ; mortally  wounded;  died  on  the  fourth. 

Osmand  Osmandson 

Private. 

A 

Wounded. 

Michael  Riley 

Private. 

F 

Wounded. 

William  Schalefoo 

Sergt. 

G 

Severely. 

August,  Loch 

Private. 

G 

Wounded  in  ankle. 

Omar  D.  Clark 

Corporal. 

H 

In  arm  or  shoulder;  slight. 

Colm  Buchanan 

Private. 

H 

In  thigh. 

John  Magnus 

Private. 

H 

In  arm. 

Charles  O.  Healy 

Private. 

I 

In  hand. 

Augustus  F.  Hagerman.... 

Private. 

K 

Injured  by  a horse. 

1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


127 


The  foregoing  list  we  obtained  from  the  St.  Paul  papers. 
We  have  been  informed  recently  that  the  following  persons 
were  injured:  Geo.  W.  Bishop,  Company  K,  was  wounded 
in  the  knee  on  the  third;  G.  S.  Patch,  first  lieutenant  of  Com- 
pany H,  was  sunstruck  on  the  third,  as  was  also  W.  T. 
Kittredge,  sergeant  major;  E.  U.  Russell,  Company  A,  in- 
jured in  left  side;  C.  Bromwich,  Company  F,  was  sunstruck 
on  the  third. 

Maj.  W.  T.  Kittredge,  under  date  of  May  24,  1888, 
writes  us  as  follows  of  Lieut.  J.  W.  Crawford’s  wound:  “I 
took  care  of  him  day  and  night  from  October  4th,  until  he  was 
carried  to  the  hospital,  and  I know  that  he  was  badly  hurt. 
Long  after  the  war  I read  an  account,  printed,  I think,  in  a 
surgical  journal,  of  the  successful  operation  performed  by  Dr, 
Agnew  (just  deceased),  who,  after  two  trials,  extracted  an 
ounce  ball  from  the  orbit,  one  side  and  back  of  the  eye-ball. 
Report  pronounced  it  one  of  the  strangest  cases  in  all  the 
records  of  the  war.”  And  Lieutenant  Crawford,  in  a letter  of 
March  26,  1888,  states  that  an  ounce  ball  was  removed  within 
five  months  after  the  battle. 

General  Sanborn  writes: 

At  about  four  o’clock  in  the  afternoon,  when  the  command  was  out 
about  three  miles  on  the  Purdy  road,  and  the  enemy’s  lines  of  skirmishers  ap- 
peared in  front,  Gen.  C.  S.  Hamilton,  in  confidence,  informed  the  writer  that 
he  saw  no  way  of  saving  the  position  at  Corinth;  that  the  enemy’s  centre  was 
near  the  town  and  our  depots;  that  his  lines  extended  across  the  road  by  which 
we  marched  out  to  our  position — which,  in  fact,  was  our  rear — and  that  he 
supposed  that  the  army  would  retreat  during  the  night  and  would  try  and 
cross  the  Tennessee  at  Pittsburgh  Landing  and  try  and  effect  a junction  with 
Buell’s  army  in  northern  Tennessee  or  Kentucky,  and  that  in  that  event  my 
force  must  act  as  rear  guard  and  fight  and  hold  the  enemy  as  long  as  possible 
at  all  available  points.  This  was  a thunderbolt.  I had  formed  no  idea  of  the 
seriousness  of  the  situation.  I went  into  action  feeling  that  all  was  lost  ex- 
cept the  army,  and  that  we  must  fight  with  desperation  to  save  that.  The  attack 
made  by  my  regiment  upon  the  enemy’s  left  and  rear  was  successful.  It 
checked  his  advance.  It  caused  delay,  and  necessitated  the  formation  of  a new 
line  of  battle  on  his  part.  It  was  almost  dark  when  I returned  to  the  place 
where  the  doleful  condition  had  been  communicated  to  me,  to  report  to  Ham- 
ilton for  further  orders.  Rosecrans  was  there,  and  the  generals  were  engaged 
in  the  most  earnest  conversation.  “This  movement  has  worked  splendidly,” 
said  Rosecrans  to  Hamilton,  “and  I think  you  had  better  move  right  forward 


128 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


in  the  same  line  to-morrow  morning.”  Hamilton  responded:  “ Rosecrans,  it 
will  never  do.  Our  whole  line  must  be  reformed  during  the  night.  Each 
division  must  he  so  formed  that  it  will  support  and  command  the  front  of  the 
other,  and  each  battery  must  be  so  placed  that  it  will  support  and  command 
the  front  of  every  other  battery,  or  we  shall  be  all  torn  to  pieces  before  nine 
o’clock  to-morrow.”  Rosecrans  looked  steadily  and  thoughtfully  down  upon 
the  pommel  of  his  saddle  for  a few  minutes,  and  said:  “Hamilton,  I believe 
you  are  right.  Bring  in  your  command,  and  we  will  reform  during  the  night.” 
Hamilton  at  once  said  to  me:  “Withdraw  your  command  as  quietly  as  pos- 

sible and  march  to  Corinth  by  the  Farmington  road,  and  bring  in  all  the 
wounded  and  all  the  public  property.”  The  command  reached  Corinth  at 
midnight,  and  no  man  ever  appreciated  more  highly  the  whisky  and  sleep 
found  in  that  bivouac.  The  result  of  the  attack  of  the  enemy  next  day  showed 
the  wisdom  of  this  movement.  The  history  of  the  war  does  not  record  a more 
gallant  attack  and  assault  than  that  made  by  the  enemy  on  the  following  morn- 
ing or  a more  decisive  and  disastrous  repulse. 

Hamilton’s  Advice  Saves  the  Army. 

It  was  a well-known  fact  to  nearly  all  of  the  officers  and  a 
great  many  of  the  rank  and  file  of  General  Hamilton’s  division 
at  Corinth,  that  his  advice  to  General  Rosecrans  on  the  night 
of  the  third  saved  us  the  day  at  Corinth.  General  Sanborn 
has  furnished  us  with  the  following  letter  from  General  Ham- 
ilton, written  to  him  under  date  of  Sept.  13,  1880: 

Referring  to  the  battle  of  Corinth,  the  disposition  of  the  troops  at  the  close 
of  the  first  day  was  so  fatal,  or  would  have  been  for  the  second  day,  that  I re- 
member the  statement  made  you.  Long  after  dark  of  the  first  day’s  fight  I 
received  an  order  from  Rosecrans  by  his  chief  of  staff,  Ducat,  to  place  all  of  my 
guns  in  position  and  play  toward  the  enemy  from  ten  to  twelve  in  the  night 
and  then  to  charge  him  with  the  bayonet  at  midnight.  I sent  word  back  at 
once  that  I would  not  execute  the  order  until  I had  a personal  conference  with 
Rosecrans  and  could  explain  to  him  the  fatal  results  of  its  execution.  That 
brought  him  to  me  about  9:00  p.  M.  and  his  first  question  was,  “ What  do  you  mean 
by  disobeying  my  order?”  I replied,  “General,  I am  ready  to  execute  that 
order  or  any  other,  but  for  your  sake,  and  the  sake  of  this  army  and  the  country, 
I have  declined  to  do  it  until  I could  see  you  and  explain  what  must  certainly 
follow.  I then  showed  him  that  our  movement  on  the  enemy’s  flank  in  the 
afternoon  had  simply  checked  his  movement  toward  the  town;  that  Davies’  divi- 
sion had  been  badly  whipped,  and  there  was  nothing  then  between  the  enemy 
and  the  town;  that  he  would  move  on  the  town  at  daylight  and  his  (Rosecrans’) 
army  would  be  cut  in  two  and  overwhelmed  in  detail;  that  as  the  troops  then 
were  placed  I could  support  nobody,  and  no  division  could  afford  prompt  sup- 
port to  any  other;  that  the  midnight  movement  on  the  enemy  wth  the  bayonet 
must  be  through  a dense  forest — the  lines  would  be  broken  up  and  so  disordered 
that  they  would  be  useless  at  daylight;  that  his  only  salvation  was  to  bring  all  his 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


129 


troops  together  around  the  town  and  so  place  them  that  one  could  support  any 
other;  that  the  right  should  rest  where  we  afterward  put  it  and  the  left  should 
be  put  in  the  earth  works  to  the  west  of  the  town,  and  that  one  division  should 
be  held  in  reserve  to  succor  any  point.  He  saw  it,  and  thank  God  for  it!  his 
acting  on  my  advice  saved  us  all,  and  saved  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi  to  the 
Ohio;  for  if  we  had  lost  that  battle  there  were  no  troops  left  to  stop  the  enemy 
from  the  Ohio.  * * * I am,  truly  yours,  • 

C.  S.  Hamilton. 


Personal  Incidents. 

The  duties  of  Commissary  Sergt.  Thomas  P.  Wilson  and 
Quartermaster  Sergt.  Francis  E.  Collins  did  not  require  them 
to  go  into  the  battle  unless  they  chose  to  do  so,  but  both  ot 
them  acted  as  volunteer  aids  to  Colonel  Sanborn  during  both 
days  of  the  fight.  When  the  colonel  saw  that  Captain  Mooers 
had  been  shot,  he  sent  Sergeant  Wilson  with  instructions  to  the 
next  officer  in  command  of  the  skirmishers,  and  also  directed 
him  to  see  that  the  bodj^  of  Captain  Mooers  was  recovered. 
Wilson  in  executing  his  orders,  rode  fully  eighty  rods  on  the 
crest  of  a hill,  exposed  to  the  fire  of  the  entire  rebel  skirmish 
line.  Both  Wilson  and  Collins  performed  gallant  service  dur- 
ing both  days. 

On  the  first  day  of  the  battle  A.  L.  Brown,  the  wagonmas- 
ter,  sent  two  teams  to  haul  water  to  the  regiment  for  the  use 
of  the  men. 

Capt.  R.  S.  Donaldson  of  Company  C had  been  granted  a 
furlough,  had  started,  and  was  stopping  at  the  Tishomingo 
Hotel  awaiting  a train  of  cars.  He  informs  us  that  a casket 
was  procured  at  Corinth  for  the  remains  of  Captain  Mooers, 
and  he  believes  that  they  were  subsequently  removed  by  his 
relatives  to  the  North. 

Maj.  L.  L.  Baxter  states  that  he  had  resigned  previous  to 
the  battle.  General  Sanborn  corroborates  this  statement,  and 
says  that  at  that  time  Baxter  was  out  of  the  service. 

At  this  time  our  regimental  train  consisted  of  twenty-two  six- 
mule  teams,  and  Daniel  Foster  was  the  assistant  wagoumaster. 
Mr.  Foster  had  been  quite  severely  injured  while  we  were  at 
Jacinto,  by  having  been  kicked  by  a mule,  and  for  this  reason 
the  wagonmaster  placed  him  in  charge  of  the  two  ammunition 
9 


130 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


wagons  of  the  regiment  on  the  field,  while  he  superintended 
the  removal  of  the  forty-six  wagon  loads  of  camp  equipage  and 
supplies  into  the  corral  at  Corinth.  On  the  night  of  the  third 
Foster  was  sent  into  the  city  for  supplies,  and  on  his  return 
General  Smith  sent  a barrel  of  whisky  out  by  him  to  the  regi- 
ment, and  after  it  had  moved  to  the  inner  line,  about  midnight, 
all  of  the  men  who  desired  it  received  a liberal  supply. 

During  the  morning  of  the  fourth  the  wagonmaster  was  di- 
rected to  proceed  to  the  commissary  building,  in  the  rear  of  the 
Tishomingo  Hotel,  with  three  or  four  teams,  and  load  them 
with  hard  bread,  salt,  coffee,  and  other  rations,  so  that  in  case 
of  disaster  in  the  battle  we  would  have  something  to  eat  while 
on  the  retreat.  We  proceeded  there  with  the  teams,  but  found 
no  person  in  charge  of  the  building  or  its  supplies.  While  help- 
ing ourselves,  or  just  getting  ready  to  do  so,  we  observed  the 
preparations  at  Robinett,  which  was  plainly  in  sight,  for  the 
reception  of  the  enemy;  saw  the  Ohio  regiments  of  Fuller’s 
brigade  lying  along  the  road  between  the  redoubt  and  us,  await- 
ing the  approach  of  the  rebels;  saw  the  enemy  marching 
steadily  from  the  woods,  Robinett  firing  at  them  as  they  ad- 
vanced, but  not  a shot  was  fired  by  the  infantry  on  either  side. 
They  approach  nearer  and  nearer,  the  glint  on  the  gun-barrels 
showing  us  plainly  that  they  are  carried  at  a right-shoulder 
shift,  until  from  our  position  it  appeared  as  if  they  were  at  the 
fort  and  planting  their  flag  upon  its  parapet.  We  were  highly 
incensed  because  the  infantry  had  not  fired  and  driven  them 
back.  But,  look!  our  regiments  of  infantry  rose  as  one  man 
and  poured  a volley  into  the  rebels  at  short  range,  which  at 
once  sent  them  flying  in  the  greatest  of  disorder  back  to  the 
Avoods.  It  was  a glorious  sight.  But  fearing  that  the  day  might 
be  disastrous  to  us  and  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  orders  for 
the  movement  of  our  large  train  we  left  the  teams  in  charge  ot 
Mr.  Harvey  Fletcher,  who  was  driving  one  of  them,  and  started 
through  the  town  on  our  horse  to  visit  the  regiment  and  re- 
ceive orders.  After  crossing  the  public  square  we  met  large 
numbers  of  the  infantry  of  Davies’  division  who  had  broken 
and  were  retreating  before  the  enemy.  A few  scattering  cav- 
alrymen were  heading  them  off  and  trying  to  persuade  or  drive 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


131 


them  back  to  the  front.  Finding  it  impossible  to  get  to  the 
regiment  without  making  too  long  a detour  we  concluded  to 
return  to  the  teams  we  had  just  left,  and  soon  met  them  com- 
ing toward  us.  Mr.  Fletcher  greeted  us  with:  “Brown!  we 
just  saw  the  most  desperate  fight  up  at  that  fort  that  you  ever 
saw  or  heard  of.  The  rebels  returned  just  after  you  left,  and 
it  was  a hand-to-hand  struggle.  While  it  was  progressing  our 
teams  got  frightened  and  all  of  our  efforts  could  not  stop  them. 
They  ran  over  all  of  those  empty  barrels  in  the  rear  of  the 
Tishomingo  Hotel.”  About  an  eighth  of  an  acre  of  ground 
was  covered  with  them.  We  stopped  the  train,  returned  and 
got  the  supplies,  returned  to  the  corral  with  the  teams,  and 
then  visited  the  regiment  and  the  battlefield. 

Colonel  Sanborn’s  Report. 

Headquarters  Fourth  Minnesota  Volunteers, 

Camp,  near  Corinth,  Miss.,  Oct.  12,  1862. 

Sir:  I have  the  honor  to  report  that  I moved  my  command,  in  connection 

with  the  other  regiments  comprising  the  First  Brigade,  from  this  camp  to  a posi- 
tion on  the  north  side  of  Corinth  on  the  morning  of  the  third  instant  at  4:00  A. 
M.,  and  there  formed  in  order  of  battle  on  the  right  of  the  brigade  and  the 
Third  Division.  Company  K was  deployed  as  skirmishers,  which  took  them 
to  a point  outside  of  the  defenses  of  the  town.  At  10:00  A.  M.  the  skirmishers 
were  drawn  in  by  order  and  the  regiment  was  marched  about  two  miles  and 
formed  in  order  of  battle  behind  the  rifle-pits  constructed  by  the  Confederate 
army  last  spring,  still  fronting  toward  the  north  and  still  holding  the  right  of 
the  brigade  and  division,  which  brought  my  regiment  about  one-third  of  a mile 
to  the  right  of  the  Purdy  road.  This  position  was  held  until  4:00  P.  M.  with- 
out opposition.  At  that  hour  I moved  my  command,  as  ordered,  about  one- 
third  of  a mile  to  the  west  of  where  its  left  rested  in  its  last  position,  and 
formed  them  in  order  of  battle  at  right  angles  with  my  former  position.  There 
I remained  about  one-half  hour,  the  Twenty  sixth  Missouri  at  this  time  having 
formed  on  my  right  and  at  right  angles  with  my  line  by  your  order  across  the 
field  in  my  front,  toward  a heavy  growth  of  timber,  where  our  skirmishers  had 
encountered  the  enemy  in  some  force.  Company  K was  again  deployed  for- 
ward as  skirmishers,  and  had  advanced  but  a short  distance  in  a westerly 
direction  before  they  drew  a very  heavy  musketry  fire  from  the  enemy  con- 
cealed in  the  timber.  In  the  meantime  I had  wheeled  my  battalion  to  the 
left,  so  that  I was  fronting  to  the  southwest.  At  this  time  the  fire  of  the  enemy 
was  brisk  and  enfiladed  nearly  my  whole  line. 

At  this  moment  Captain  Mooers  of  Company  K,  commanding  the  skirmish- 
ers and  about  one  hundred  yards  iu  advance  of  my  right,  beckoned  to  me  with 


132 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


his  sword,  as  if  he  desired  to  communicate  important  information,  and  I started 
toward  him  on  a gallop,  but  had  rode  but  a few  steps  when  I saw  him  fall 
dead,  shot  through  the  head.  From  the  course  of  the  balls  and  the  position 
which  the  enemy  seemed  to  occupy,  I interpreted  the  information  that  Captain 
Mooers  desired  to  give  to  be,  that  the  enemy  was  moving  to  my  rear  by  my 
right,  my  command  at  this  time  holding  the  right  of  the  infantry  of  the  whole 
army.  These  impressions  were  immediately  communicated  to  the  general  com- 
manding the  brigade,  and  I received  orders  to  dislodge  the  enemy  from  the 
woods  on  my  right.  I at  once  changed  the  front  of  my  battalion  to  the  rear  on 
the  tenth  company.  This  was  done  under  a heavy  fire  of  musketry,  in  double- 
quick  time,  but  with  as  much  coolness  and  precision  as  if  on  ordinary  battalion 
drill.  This  movement  completed,  I ordered  the  regiment  forward  at  quick 
time  until  within  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  paces  of  the  enemy’s  line  ot 
battle  at  this  point,  when  his  fire  was  increased  to  a perfect  shower  of  balls, 
and  I gave  the  further  command,  “Forward  one  hundred  and  fifty  paces.  Double- 
quick!”  This  was  executed  in  the  most  gallant  and  splendid  manner.  The 
regiment,  in  perfect  line,  with  triumphant  shouts,  rushed  forward  against  a 
most  murderous  fire,  and  when  within  fifty  yards  of  the  enemy’s  line  he  fled  to 
the  rear  with  the  greatest  precipitancy,  receiving  two  or  three  full  volleys  from 
my  regiment  as  he  retired.  Immediately  after  this  was  accomplished  I received 
your  order  to  fall  back  and  join  Colonel  Alexander  (Fifty-ninth  Indiana)  on 
his  right,  which  order  was  at  once  obeyed,  and  skirmishers  thrown  forward 
one  hundred  paces  to  the  front  and  around  my  right  flank.  It  was  now  night; 
the  men  were  exhausted,  and,  obedient  to  orders,  I moved  to  the  first  position 
held  in  the  morning  and  bivouacked  there  at  11:00  p.  m.  During  the  day  my 
loss  was  one  commissioned  officer  and  one  private  killed,  and  four  men  wounded. 
The  heat,  during  the  engagement  of  my  command,  was  most  intense,  said 
to  be  108  degrees  in  the  shade,  and  more  men  were  carried  off  the  field  on 
litters  from  the  effects  of  sunstroke  than  from  wounds.  Ammunition  was  dis- 
tributed to  the  men,  so  that  each  had  seventy-five  rounds  between  eleven  and 
one  o’clock  at  night,  and  at  one-thirty  I received  your  order  to  move  my  com- 
mand to  the  right  across  the  Pittsburgh  and  Hamburgh  road  aud  about  one  hun- 
dred yards  to  the  rear,  which  was  done  at  once,  and  the  regiment  stood  to  arms, 
fronting  the  north,  for  the  remaining  portion  of  the  night.  My  command  re- 
mained in  this  position  until  half-past  ten  the  following  morning,  when  I re- 
ceived your  order  to  move  by  the  left  flank  into  position  on  the  ridge  at  my 
left,  in  support  of  the  Eleventh  Ohio  Battery.  This  order  was  at  once  executed 
and  my  front  changed  to  the  west.  I formed  my  regiment  about  fifty  feet 
in  rear  of  this  battery,  which  masked  the  six  centre  companies.  These  six 
companies  were  ordered  by  me  to  fix  bayonets  and  charge  the  enemy  when- 
ever he  should  charge  upon  the  battery.  Two  companies  on  the  right  and  two 
on  the  left  were  moved  forward  to  the  line  of  the  guns  of  the  battery,  with  in- 
structions to  engage  the  enemy  with  musketry  whenever  be  might  appear  and 
meet  him  with  the  bayonet  in  case  of  charge.  The  enemy  retired  from  the 
ground  covered  by  the  battery  and  from  the  front  of  my  regiment  in  about 
forty  minutes  after  firing  was  commenced.  I maintained  the  same  relative 
position  to  the  battery  in  its  movements  upon  the  field  to  get  in  rear  of  the 
enemy,  until  your  orders  came  to  occupy  again  the  ground  left  when  I went  in- 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


133 


to  action.  I at  once  reoccupied,  that  position,  where  I remained  until  the 
morning  of  the  fifth  instant,  at  four  o’clock,  when  the  pursuit  commenced.  In 
the  engagement  of  the  fourth  (second  day)  I lost  one  commissioned  officer  and 
five  privates  wounded. 

Of  the  pursuit  it  is  enough  to  report  that  it  was  commenced  on  Sunday 
morning,  the  fifth  instant,  and  continued  without  cessation  or  delay,  except 
such  as  was  absolutely  necessary  to  rest  the  men  temporarily,  until  the  follow- 
ing Saturday  night,  the  troops  having  marched  during  that  time  about  one 
hundred  and  twenty  miles. 

I cannot  speak  too  highly  of  the  patient  endurance  and  valor  of  my  com- 
mand. During  a period  of  nine  days  of  the  most  heated  and  most  uncomforta- 
ble weather,  my  regiment  marched  one  hundred  and  thirty  miles,  and  during  two 
days  and  two  nights  of  that  time  was  engaged  in  one  of  the  most  extensive  and 
desperate  battles  of  the  war.  The  conduct  of  all  officers  was  satisfactory. 
Captains  Tourtellotte  and  Edson  conducted  themselves  with  most  extraordi- 
nary coolness  and  determination.  My  commissioned  staff,  First  Lieut.  Thomas 
B.  Hunt,  regimental  quartermaster,  and  First  Lieut.  John  M.  Thompson, 
adjutant,  behaved  with  coolness  and  judgment,  and  in  the  absence  of  other 
field  officers  rendered  me  efficient  service  in  repeating  commands  and  communi- 
cating orders.  Quartermaster  Sergt.  Frank  E.  Collins,  for  distinguished  valor 
and  service  on  the  field,  in  aiding  me  in  every  movement  and  bringing  prison- 
ers from  the  field  near  the  close  of  the  engagement,  deserves  especial  mention. 
Commissary  Sergt.  Thomas  P.  Wilson  remained  under  fire  all  the  time,  direct- 
ing litter  carriers  to  the  wounded  and  furnishing  water  to  the  famishing  sol- 
diers, as  well  as  in  repeating  my  commands  when  near  the  line.  Sergt.  Maj. 
William  T.  Kittredge  was  among  the  coolest  men  on  the  field  and  most  efficient 
until  he  was  overcome  by  sunstroke.  The  surgeon,  Dr.  J.  H.  Murphy,  and 
the  second  assistant  surgeon,  Dr.  H.  R.  Wedel,  conducted  their  department 
with  perfect  order  and  method,  and  every  wound  was  dressed  in  a few  moments 
after  it  was  received  and  the  wounded  cared  for  in  the  most  tender  manner. 
I have  the  honor,  etc.  John  B.  Sanbobn, 

Colonel  Commanding  Fourth  Minnesota  Volunteer  Infantry. 
Capt.  J.  P.  Foley , Assistant  Adjutant  General  First  Brigade , Third  Division. 

The  Pursuit. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  the  fifth,  McPherson,  with  his  bri- 
gade of  fresh  troops,  consisting  of  parts  of  Lawler’s  and  Steven- 
son’s, supported  by  the  First  Missouri  Battery,  four  companies  of 
the  Fifth  Ohio  Cavalry  and  followed  by  Stanley’s  and  Davies’ 
divisions, followed  the  enemy  on  the  road  to  Chewalla  that  runs 
north  of  the  railroad,  while  McKean,  followed  bj7  Hamilton  and 
the  rest  of  the  pursuing  army,  took  the  route  on  the  south  side 
of  the  railroad.  This  was  the  road  on  which  the  enemy  had  ap- 
proached, and  also  the  one  mainly  used  by  them  in  the  retreat. 


134 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


When  six  miles  from  Chewalla  he  heard  heavy  tiring  in  the 
direction  of  Davis  bridge  (Hurlbut’s  troops).  On  reaching  Che- 
walla he  overtook  the  rear  of  the  enemy,  consisting  of  three 
brigades  of  infantry  and  a battery  of  artillery.  Colonel  Law- 
ler’s brigade  at  once  attacked  them  while  the  bridge  was  being 
repaired,  and  Col.  J.  D.  Stevenson’s  brigade  at  the  same  time 
moving  on  their  left  flank,  they  retreated.  Another  engage- 
ment was  had  between  these  forces  at  Big  Hill,  on  the  east  side 
of  the  Tuscumbia,  McPherson’s  troops  driving  the  enemy,  who 
fled.  It  was  now  night  and  the  troops  rested.  On  the  morn- 
ing of  the  sixth  McPherson  found  the  bridge  at  the  Tuscum- 
bia destroyed.  This  was  repaired  and  in  three-quarters  of  an 
hour  the  pursuit  continued. 

After  crossing  the  Tuscumbia  and  from  there  to  the  Hatchie  at  Crum’s 
Mill,  the  evidences  of  a most  rapid  retreat — almost  a route — were  apparent. 
The  road  was  strewn  with  tents,  blankets,  clothing,  wagons,  small  arms,  am- 
munition, six  caissons  and  a battery  forge,  some  of  them  blown  up  and  partially 
destroyed,  and  others  in  good  condition. — [McPherson's  Report .] 


CHAPTER  VI. 


Pursuing  the  Enemy  — The  Hatchie  Battle — To  Bone  Yard  and  South  — 
Return  to  Corinth  — Formation  Department  of  Tennessee  — Poem  on  Death 
of  Captain  Mooers  — New  Commanders  — March  from  Corinth  — Strict 
Order  — Five  Roll  Calls  a Day  — Davis’  Mill;  Hogs  and  Sheep  — Grand 
Review  — First  Horsestealing  Expedition;  Visit  Gideon  — To  La  Grange 
and  Moscow  — Rebels  Borrow  Eleven  Six-Mule  Teams  — Six  Companies  on 
a Scout  — Colored  Gentleman  Borrows  Chaplain’s  Horse  — To  Holly 
Springs;  Oxford;  Yockna  — The  Seventy-Second  Illinois  Supplies  Us  With 
Clothing. 

October  5th — Sunday  morning. — We  are  awakened  early, 
and  after  some  delay  start  in  pursuit  of  the  retreating  enemy. 
We  follow  McKean’s  division.  He  has  a long  wagon  train, 
which  delayed  the  whole  command.  Price  has  a clean  pair 
of  heels,  as  we  found,  to  our  sorrow,  while  on  the  Ripley  march. 
Thurston  says:  “We  soon  see  sickening  sights.  Some  of 
our  men  slain  on  the  third  had  been  stripped  of  their  clothing 
by  the  enemy  and  lay  festering  in  the  sun,  completely  black- 
ened by  the  decomposition.  In  some  instances  our  wounded 
men  had  lain  two  days  with  the  dead  piled  on  them  in  such  a 
manner  that  they  were  unable  to  move,  suffering  by  day  with 
heat,  at  night  with  cold;  also,  by  hunger,  thirst  and  the  intol- 
erable stench  from  the  field.  One  poor  fellow  was  killed  as  he 
was  skirmishing,  his  position  being  such  that  he  remained  in 
it  without  change  when  shot.  He  was  on  his  knees,  leaning 
forward  against  a tree,  and  was  just  looking  to  one  side  to  get 
a shot  when  the  fatal  bullet  struck  him.  His  position  was  so 
natural  that  it  was  hard  to  realize  that  he  was  dead.”  The 
roads  are  good.  Weather  hot  and  clear.  Ho  water,  except 
what  we  haul  with  us  in  our  wagons.  We  could  hear  Hurl- 
but’s  cannon  to  the  west  (in  the  battle  of  the  Hatchie).  We 
marched  about  eight  miles  and  bivouacked  at  dark.  For  five 
miles  from  Corinth  the  road  was  strewn  with  war  material  of 
all  kinds,  such  as  soldiers  could  throw  away.  Our  wagon 
train  did  not  get  up  until  long  after  dark,  and  while  riding 


136  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1862 

after  dark  at  the  head  of  the  train,  we  suddenly  found  we  were 
in  a small  bivouac  of  soldiers.  The  campfires  were  burning 
and  men  running  around.  About  the  time  we  made  this 
discovery  and  supposed  we  had  struck  our  camp  two  men 
seized  the  bridle  rein  of  our  horse  and  said:  “You  are  our 

prisoner,  sir!”  We  saw  that  we  had  led  our  train  into  a Con- 
federate camp.  The  train  stopped  as  soon  as  we  did.  As 
quick  as  thought  we  concluded  we  had  missed  the  road  in  the 
dark  and  were  in  the  enemy’s  camp,  and  just  as  quick  we 
drew  a navy  revolver.  Before  any  harm  was  done,  however, 
our  captors  burst  out  laughing.  They  were  a detail  of  the 
enemy  under  a flag  of  truce  going  back  to  bury  their  dead.  It 
was  a detail  under  Col.  W.  S.  Barry,  of  two  hundred  men  of 
the  Thirty-fifth  Mississippi  and  other  infantry  regiments,  the 
same  regiment  afterwards  captured  by  our  men  at  Allatoona, 
Ga.,  Oct.  5,  1864.  (17,  1,  345  and  400.) 

McArthur  says: 

Seven  miles  from  Corinth  I was  met  by  a party  of  two  hundred  of  the 
enemy,  bearing  a flag  of  truce,  under  Colonel  Barry,  Thirty-fifth  Mississippi, 
which  detained  me  for  three  hours;  long  enough  as  it  afterward  proved  to 
allow  three  brigades  of  the  enemy  (Rust’s,  Bowen’s  and  Villepique’s),  who  had 
camped  on  the  road  I was  following,  time  to  get  out  of  the  way,  as  I reached 
their  camp  three  hours  after  they  had  left. 

The  Battle  with  Hurlbut’s  Troops. 

On  October  3d  Grant  ordered  Hurlbut  to  move  with  his 
command  from  Bolivar  to  the  relief  of  Rosecrans  at  Corinth. 
The  distance  by  way  of  Davis’  bridge  was  forty-six  miles. 
Hurlbut  says  (17,1,308):  “ My  orders  were  to  reach  Rose- 

crans at  all  hazards  or  perish.”  He  moved  from  Bolivar  at 
3:00  A.  m.  of  the  fourth  with  his  division  (the  Fourth),  consist- 
ing of  the  brigades  of  Generals  Lauman  and  Veatch  and  the 
batteries  of  Bolton,  Burnap,  Mann  and  Spear,  supplied  with 
three  days’  rations.  On  that  night  they  camped  at  the  stream 
called  Big  Muddy,  twenty-three  miles  from  Bolivar  and  about 
four  west  of  the  Hatchie  bridge.  About  8:00  A.  M.  of  the  fifth 
Maj.  Gen.  E.  O.  C.  Ord  arrived  and  assumed  command,  and  in 
an  hour  his  force  advanced  and  when  two  miles  west  of 
the  Davis  bridge  met  the  advance  of  Price’s  army,  consisting 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


137 


of  Moore’s  brigade  of  Maury’s  division  and  the  St.  Louis  Bat- 
ter}7. These  troops  after  a sharp  skirmish  gave  way  and  were 
soon  driven  across  the  Hatchie,  our  forces  capturing  the  four 
howitzers.  There  is  a commanding  ridge  on  the  west  side  of 
the  river  and  a cluster  of  houses  called  the  village  of  Matamora. 
This  was  occupied  by  Ord’s  forces  and  the  remnant  of  Moore’s 
brigade,  re-enforced  by  those  of  Cabell  and  Pfifer  and  the  bat- 
teries of  McNally,  Hogg,  Landis  and  Tobin,  occupied  the 
heights  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  stream.  The  Thirty-fifth 
Mississippi  being  in  Moore’s  brigade  and  on  the  west  side,  was 
either  captured  or  dispersed  (except  the  detail  with  Colonel 
Barry  consisting  of  a part  of  this  and  other  regiments  sent  to 
bury  the  dead,  and  we  find  that  on  October  13th,  when  General 
Moore  made  his  report,  only  forty  of  this  regiment  were  pres- 
ent for  duty.)  Green’s  division  came  up,  formed  in  line,  and 
aided  those  already  there.  Ord’s  troops  charged  across  the 
bridge,  and  after  some  confusion  and  delay,  Ord  being  wounded 
about  this  time,  Hurlbut  assumed  command,  and  under  his 
direction  the  troops  charged  up  the  hill  and  drove  the  enemy 
from  his  strong  position  and  about  3:30  p.  m.  the  battle  ended. 
Hurlbut  reported  his  loss  in  killed,  wounded  and  missing  at 
five  hundred  and  seventy. 

About  half  way  between  the  Tuscumbia  and  Hatchie  a wagon 
road  goes  south  to  Crum’s  Mill  and  Bone  Yard. 

Captain  Cummins  says: 

Next  morning  we  fell  back,  intending  to  retreat  by  the  same  route  by  which 
we  had  approached,  but  found  the  Hatchie  river  disputed  by  Hurlbut’s  corps, 
which  had  marched  across  from  Bolivar  and  reached  Pocahontas  before  us. 
Moore’s  and  Pfifer’s  remnants  of  brigades  crossed,  were  again  gobbled  up 
and  we  lost  one  battery.  We  gave  up  the  attempt  to  cross,  fell  back  again 
and  marched  by  another  route  to  the  south.  * * * The  enemy  did  not 
pursue  with  any  great  vigor.  * * * Bowen  lost  part  of  his  train.  We 

brought  off  two  captured  guns  and  lost  five,  and  brought  along  three  hundred 
prisoners,  (v.  17,  1,  396.) 

Van  Dorn’s  army  crossed  the  Hatchie  six  miles  up  the  river 
(south)  from  Davis’  bridge  at  Crum’s  Mill,  and  moved  to  Rip- 
ley and  on  south  from  there.  McPherson’s  troops  reached 
Crum’s  at  noon  on  the  sixth  and  found  the  bridge  and  mill  on 
fire.  He  was  only  half  an  hour  behind  the  rebels.  His  troops 


13S 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


began  to  rebuild  the  bridge  at  once.  It  was  completed  and 
ready  for  the  artillery  to  cross  by  4:30  p.  m.  (368).  At  6:30  P. 
M.  Rosecrans  sa}-s  (163),  from  Crum’s  Mill:  “Bridge  built. 

Part  of  the  troops  across.  Hamilton  four  miles  off.” 

October  6th — Monday. — We  started  early  this  morning,  but 
after  traveling  about  two  miles  bivouacked  at  a creek  (Cy- 
press creek,  doubtless),  where  we  remained  the  balance  of  the 
forenoon.  About  10:00  a.  m.  some  of  our  cavalry  came  from  the 
front  and  gave  us  the  particulars  of  General  Hurlbut’s  victory 
at  Davis’  bridge  on  theHatchie,a  few  miles  from  where  we  are 
and  where  Van  Dorn  attempted  to  cross  the  river  in  his 
retreat.  Our  cavalry  had  two  flags  with  them  which  they 
had  captured  from  the  enemy.  This  caused  great  rejoicing. 
General  Rosecrans  soon  rode  up  and  told  us  that  he  in- 
intended to  make  “A  long  pull,  a strong  pull!”  and  that  “We 
will  pull  altogether!”  “We  are  after  them ! ” “Prepare  for 
Mobile!”  General  C.  S.  Hamilton,  our  division  commander, 
also  came  and  spoke  encouragingly  to  the  men,  telling  them  to 
prepare  for  some  long  marches  into  the  heart  of  the  enemy’s 
countrv.  We  got  dinner  here  and  after  traveling  a few  miles 
crossed  the  Tuscumbia  river  at  Young’s  bridge.  As  soon  as 
we  crossed  this  stream  we  began  to  see  evidences  of  the  flight 
of  the  enemy  in  abandoned  wagons  tipped  over  by  the  road- 
side, some  of  which  had  rolled  over  several  times  down  the  side 
of  the  hill,  tents,  guns,  cast-iron  baking  ovens,  and  as  we  pro- 
ceeded the  abandoned  camp  equipage  became  thicker  and 
thicker,  and  for  miles  the  road  was  strewn  with  their  baggage. 
We  marched  to  within  three  miles  of  the  Hatchie,  where  the 
battle  with  Hurlbut’s  troops  occurred,  and  bivouacked  about 
9:00  P.  M.  at  Gum  Spring,  four  miles  from  a small  town  called 
Bone  Yard,  and  about  seven  miles  from  Kossuth,  having 
marched  about  fifteen  miles. 

After  crossing  the  Tuscumbia  at  Young’s  bridge  and  taking 
the  Bone  Yard  road,  Ham  lton’s  division  kept  on  the  south  side 
of  the  Hatchie  to  Rienzi.  But  the  rest  of  the  pursuing  army 
all  crossed  at  Crum’s  Mill  and  followed  the  enemy,  passing 
through  Jonesborough  and  Ruekersville  to  just  below  Ripley, 
arriving  there  on  the  seventh  and  eighth.  McPherson  started 
on  his  return  on  Friday  night,  the  tenth. 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


139 


October  7th — Tuesday.  — Distant  cannonading  occasionally  to 
the  left.  We  march  southeast  in  the  direction  of  Rienzi. 
Pass  through  Bone  Yard  (an  appropriate  name  for  this  whole 
region).  Stragglers  from  our  regiment  are  numerous.  Some 
person  set  fire  to  a large  two-story  yellow  house  on  the  left-hand 
side  of  the  road.  It  was  a vacant  building,  on  the  walls  of  which 
some  person  had  drawn  pictures,  one  of  Jeff.  Davis.  A cotton 
gin  was  also  burned  and  a quantity  of  cotton  destroyed  at  the 
same  time.  Marched  twenty-four  miles  and  got  to  Rienzi  at 
9:00  p.  m.  Hot  and  clear. 

Hamilton’s  report  states: 

The  division  marched  at  dawn  of  day.  When  three  miles  beyond  Kossuth 
a brisk  cannonade,  accompanied  with  musketry  firing,  was  heard  in  the  direc- 
tion of  Rienzi.  Learning  that  Rienzi  had  been  occupied  on  the  fifth  by  two 
regiments  of  rebel  troops  and  knowing  that  the  supplies  for  the  army  were 
to  be  sent  there  by  rail  * * * I deemed  it  my  duty  to  proceed  to 
Rienzi  and  to  clear  that  point.  Rienzi  was  reached  after  nightfall,  the 
division  having  marched  twenty-three  miles  over  dusty  roads  and  with  but  a 
single  well  of  water  on  the  whole  route.  The  day  was  exceedingly  hot  and 
the  suffering  of  the  men  extreme.  At  least  six  hundred  of  the  command  gave 
out  by  the  wayside  during  the  last  eight  miles  of  the  march.  They,  however, 
regained  the  column  during  the  night  and  the  following  morning.  No  sup- 
plies had  reached  the  place,  but  at  5:00  A.  M.  a train  of  cars  arrived  and  two 
regiments  were  forthwith  supplied  with  rations,  and  moved  at  an  early  hour  to 
the  Hatchie  river  under  Colonel  Matthies.  The  whole  command,  together  with 
two  regiments  arrived  from  Corinth,  followed  during  the  day. 

October  8th — Wednesday.  — Young  says:  “I  am  ordered  to 

Corinth  with  a dispatch.  Start  early.  Find  the  Tuscumbia 
bridge  burning.  I am  careful  not  to  show  myself,  but  ride  up 
the  river  to  a ford  a mile  and  a half  from  the  road  and  cross. 
Find  that  the  road  is  held  by  a band  of  guerrillas.  I ride  very 
carefully  and  as  fast  as  I can,  making  the  trip  to  Corinth  in 
two  hours  and  five  minutes,  about  twenty  miles  by  the  way  I 
came.”  Marched  at  noon  on  the  Ripley  road  twelve  miles 
west  to  the  Hatchie  river.  Crossed  and  camped.  Hot  and 
clear.  Plenty  of  potatoes  and  pork. 

October  9th  — Thursday.  — Maj  or  Baxter  has  resigned. 
Young  says:  “I  find  Lieutenant  Johnson  and  I.  N.  Dean 

both  very  sick.  Johnson  thinks  he  will  not  get  better  here.” 
To-day  was  spent  here  at  the  Hatchie,  and  the  bridges  across 
it,  which  had  been  destroyed  by  the  rebels,  were  rebuilt. 


140 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


During  the  tenth  the  division  returned  under  orders  to  Rienzi  and  during 
the  night  rebuilt  the  bridge  over  the  Tuscumbia  near  Danville;  and  on  the 
eleventh  reached  its  old  camp  near  Bridge  creek,  two  and  one-half  miles  from 
Corinth. — [Hamilton1  s Report .] 

October  11th — Saturday.  — Marched  to  Camp  Big  Spring 
(rebel  Churchill  Clark).  Rain  and  mud.  Cold.  A nor’- 
wester. 

October  12th — Sunday. — Sly  says : “Just  before  inspection  this 
Sunday  morning  a musket  was  accidentally  discharged  and  killed 
Corp.  Thomas  Smail  of  Company  A while  sitting  in  Captain 
Young’s  tent  and  slightly  wounded  E.  U.  Russell.”  Young 
says;  “Go  to  Camp  Churchill  Clark  (rebel)  and  find  the  regi- 
ment. Thomas  Smail  is  killed  a little  after  noon  by  the  acci- 
dental discharge  of  a rifle  in  the  hands  of  a member  of  Com- 
pany D.  The  shot  narrowly  missed  Captains  Tourtellotte, 
Platt  and  Young  and  cut  a lock  of  hair  from  Lieutenant  Drys- 
dale’s  head  and  then  killed  Smail.  It  then  struck  a pile  of 
dishes  on  father’s  table  and  the  pieces  of  lead  and  dishes 
struck  Lieutenant  Russell  and  myself.”  Captain  Tourtellotte 
of  Company  II  was  to-day  elected  by  the  officers  as  the  lieu- 
tenant colonel  of  the  regiment. 

October  13th  — Monday. — [“To-day  we  buried  Smail  and  I cut 
his  name  and  regiment  in  an  oak  tree  near  the  grave,  so  that 
his  body  can  he  found  by  his  relatives  if  they  desire.  More 
marching  orders.  Move  to  Corinth  and  out  to  near  Beaure- 
gard’s old  headquarters.  Get  orders  to  police  camp,  as  we  are 
likely  to  remain  three  weeks,  if  not  longer.  The  First  Minne- 
sota Battery  hoys  built  a fire  over  an  unexploded  shell,  which 
makes  its  presence  known  about  10:00  p.  m.,  causing  a great 
scare.  Everyone  thinks  it  is  the  enemy,  and  it  is  some  time 
before  we  find  out  that  there  is  no  cause  for  alarm.  JSTo  one 
hurt.”  — Young.]  We  are  now  on  the  Farmington  road  and 
inside  of  the  old  rebel  breastworks.  Very  poor  water,  and  it 
has  to  be  hauled  on  wagons.  Built  huts.  Very  cold  weather. 
Some  snow.  We  remain  here  until  November  2d.  De- 
tails were  made  from  the  regiment  and  worked  on  the  fortifi- 
cations that  surround  the  female  seminary  (Corona  College), 
up  on  the  hill  to  the  south  of  Robinett.  Commissioners  from 
Minnesota  visited  the  regiment  and  took  the  vote.  The  men 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


141 


in  the  different  companies  were  frequently  drawn  up  in  line 
and  whisky  and  quinine  passed  around.  Our  foraging  details 
go  south  through  Danville  and  to  the  neighborhood  of  the 
Buford  plantation.  We  dig  our  own  sweet  potatoes, — drive 
into  the  field  and  dig  all  the  potatoes. 

October  IStli  to  November  2d. — Lieut.  B.  F.  Butler  of  Company 
D resigned,  and  so  did  Lieut.  W.  K.  Vickroy  of  Company  B, 
while  we  were  here  at  Corinth.  Cutting  down  the  number  of 
regimental  teams  occurred  while  we  were  here  during  the  last 
days  of  October  and  the  surplus  teams  and  the  teamsters  were 
turned  in  to  form  a division  supply  train.  We  turned  in,  we 
think,  ten  teams.  Mr.  E.  G-.  Covington  becomes  the  wagon- 
master  of  the  division  supply  train.  At  the  time  of  decid- 
ing on  turning  the  teams  into  the  train  it  was  determined  to 
keep  the  matter  a profound  secret  until  the  orders  were  issued, 
so  that  no  changes  could  be  made  by  the  wagonmastersto  keep 
the  best  mules,  wagons  or  drivers  in  the  various  regiments  and 
turning  in  the  poorest,  and  when  the  order  was  published 
it  contained  a clause  forbidding  any  changes  whatever; 
teams  were  to  be  turned  in  just  as  they  were,  drivers  and 
all.  Just  before  the  order  was  published,  great  changes  oc- 
curred very  suddenly  in  our  train,  the  best  mules  were  suddenly 
tied  to  the  best  wagons  and  the  favorite  drivers  assigned. 
“ What  does  this  mean?”  asked  the  drivers.  No  explanations 
were  made  and  the  new  regimental  teams  and  outfit  were  a 
little  the  best,  we  think,  that  the  army  could  produce.  Lieuten- 
ant Hunt  was  at  that  time  acting  as  brigade  quartermaster  on 
Colonel  Sanborn’s  staff.  [Population  of  Corinth,  1880,  2,275; 
population,  1870,  1,512,  of  whom  679  were  colored ; population 
of  Danville,  1880,  50.] 

War  Department,  Adjutant  General’s  Office, 
Washington,  Oct.  16,  1862. 

General  Orders,  No.  159: 

First — The  Department  of  the  Tennessee  will  include  Cairo,  Fort  Henry  and 
Fort  Donaldson,  northern  Mississippi  and  the  portions  of  Kentucky  and  Ten- 
nessee west  of  the  Tennessee  river. 

Second — Maj.  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant  is  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Tennessee. 

By  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 

L.  Thomas, 

(17,  2,  278.)  Adjutant  General. 


142 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


Mrs.  Morrill’s  Visit  to  the  Regiment. 

Captain  Morrill,  at  our  request,  writes  us  as  follows: 

Mrs.  Morrill  arrived  at  Corinth,  Miss.,  about  the  twentieth  of  October,  1862, 
having  spent  the  winter  with  me  at  Fort  Snelling  the  winter  previous  to  our  going 
South  in  1861,  she  had  become  quite  well  acquainted  with  most  of  the  mem- 
bers of  Company  K,  but  hardly  recognized  some  of  them,  hardship,  exposure 
and  sickness  had  changed  them  so.  Many  of  the  boys  when  they  met  her 
thought  of  their  loved  ones  at  home  and  from  sheer  homesickness  tears  ran  down 
their  faces.  The  regiment  was  ordered  out  after  Price,  after  she  had  been  there 
about  a week  or  ten  days.  Colonel  Sanborn  gave  her  the  key  to  a room  in  a 
large  building  that  he  had  occupied  and  had  been  used  directly  after  the  battle 
for  a temporary  hospital.  Subsequently  it  was  used  as  headquarters  for  officers. 
We  went  out  on  a four  days’  order  but  we  never  came  back.  After  getting 
to  Grand  Junction,  Tenn.,  one  commissioned  officer  was  detailed  and  sent  back 
from  each  regiment  to  bring  on  the  company  property  and  convalescent  sick. 
My  wife  being  at  Corinth  I was  sent  back  from  our  regiment.  While  absent 
Mrs.  Morrill  had  been  in  the  habit  of  visiting  some  wounded  Confederate  officers 
we  held  as  prisoners  who  were  in  a building  near  her.  Among  the  number  was 
Col.  Squire  Boone  of  the  Fifteenth  Arkansas  Infantry,  whose  leg  was  shot  off  at 
the  fight  at  Corinth,  and  in  the  haste  of  amputation  it  was  not  properly  done 
and  would  not  heal.  He  was  a large,  powerful  man,  six  feet  in  height  I should 
iudge,  but  then  was  worn  to  a skeleton.  He  complained  to  Mrs.  Morrill  of  the 
poor  showing  the  South  had  made  at  that  stage  of  the  war.  The  trouble  was 
the  South  did  not  have  good  generals.  He  called  them  a lot  of  ape-headed  gen- 
erals. He  said  if  the  South  ever  allowed  the  North  to  open  the  blockade  he 
would  break  his  sword  on  the  first  tree  he  came  to.  I thought  it  very  doubtful 
if  he  ever  held  a sword  again.  I went  with  Mrs.  Morrill  to  bid  them  good-by 
and  Colonel  Boone  gave  me  some  wine,  remarking : ‘‘Here’s  success  to 

you,  captain!”  I said:  “That  is  more  than  I can  wish  you  if  you  mean  our 

present  cause.” 

Mrs.  Morrill  composed  the  following  lines  in  a notice  of  Captain  Mooer’s 
death.  They  were  published  in  the  North  Iowa  Times  at  McGregor,  Iowa,  and 
afterward  copied  in  New  York  papers  at  his  former  home  in  the  East.  If  you 
deem  proper,  put  them  in.  He  (Captain  Mooers)  has  a daughter  in  the  East,  on 
Long  Island.  His  widow  was  still  living  the  last  we  heard.  After  the  surren- 
der of  Vicksburg  nearly  the  first  man  I met  was  Colonel  Boone.  He  imme- 
diately recognized  me  and  said:  “ I intend  now  to  keep  the  promise  I made 

to  your  wife.  I shall  break  this  sword  on  a tree.  I shall  never  raise  an  arm 
for  the  South  again.”  After  our  leaving  him  at  Corinth  he  had  his  limb  oper- 
ated on  again,  had  a cork  leg  put  on  and  went  into  active  service.  He  told  me 
to  write  to  Mrs.  Morrill  and  tell  her  of  his  intentions. 

LINES  ON  THE  DEATH  OF  CAPT.  ROBERT  P.  MOOERS. 

They  have  made  him  a bed  in  the  damp,  cold  ground, 

Near  the  bank  of  a Southern  stream, 

Far,  far  from  his  home,  in  a stranger’s  land, 

Where  the  rays  of  a tropic  sun  gleam. 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


143 


While  gallantly  leading,  the  brave  soldier  fell — 

Was  pierced  by  a ball  through  the  head, 

But  his  name  is  enshrined  in  the  laurels  of  Fame 
As  he  quietly  sleeps  with  the  dead. 

Yes,  he  sleeps  now — not  heeding  the  cannon’s  wild  roar, 
Nor  the  lull  of  the  murmuring  stream, 

And  his  comrades  march  o’er  him  in  battle  array, 

Yet  he  heeds  not  their  musketry’s  gleam. 

For  his  country  he  fought;  for  his  country  has  died ; 
None  braver  in  Liberty’s  cause. 

Fair  freedom  he  loved,  and  to  see  her  prevail 
He  has  died  while  defending  her  laws. 

The  wife  and  the  little  one,  far  at  the  North, 

Were  waiting  his  coming  again. 

God  help  them!  their  loved,  all  mangled  and  torn, 

Has  been  laid  ’neath  the  field  of  the  slain. 

Then  rest,  gently  rest,  in  thy  rough  Southern  tomb, 

As  o’er  thee  the  soft  breezes  wave; 

Thy  loved  ones  in  anguish  would  drop  a sad  tear 
Could  they  kneel  o’er  thy  patriot  grave. 


A Change  of  Commanders. 

On  Oct.  23,  1862,  General  Halleck  (17,  2,  290)  directed 
General  Rosecrans,  who  was  at  the  time  in  command  at  Cor- 
inth, to  repair  immediately  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  would 
receive  orders.  On  October  25th,  General  Grant,  in  General 
Orders,  No.  1,  assumed  command  of  the  Department  of  the 
Tennessee  in  compliance  with  Orders,  ISTo.  159,  of  the  War 
Department,  dated  Oct.  16,  1862  (294),  and  under  date  of  Oct. 
26,  1862,  Brig.  Gen.  C.  S.  Hamilton,  by  direction  of  General 
Grant,  assumed  command  of  the  district  of  west  Tennessee 
and  forces  therein,  and  Brig.  Gen.  Isaac  F.  Quiuby,  having 
reported  for  duty  on  the  twenty-sixth  to  General  Hamilton 
from  Columbus,  Ky.,  where  he  had  previously  been  in  com- 
mand, was,  by  the  same  orders,  assigned  to  the  command  of 
the  Third  Division,  Army  of  the  Mississippi  (298): 

War  Department,  Adjutant  General’s  Office, 
Washington,  Oct.  24,  1862. 

General  Orders,  No.  168: 

First  — By  direction  of  the  President,  the  State  of  Tennessee  east  of  the  Ten- 
nessee river  and  such  parts  of  northern  Alabama  and  Georgia  as  may  be  taken 
possession  of  by  United  States  troops  will  constitute  the  Department  of  the 
Cumberland. 


144  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1862 

Second — Maj.  Gen.  W.  S.  Rosecrans  is  assigned  to  the  command  of  the 
Department  of  the  Cumberland. 

Third  — The  troops  under  the  command  of  Major  General  Grant  will  con- 
stitute the  Thirteenth  Army  Corps,  and  those  assigned  to  the  command  ot 
Major  General  Rosecrans  will  constitute  the  Fourteenth  Army  Corps. 

By  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

L.  Thomas, 

(y.  16,  2,  641.)  Adjutant  General. 

Regimental  Return  for  the  month  of  October,  1862.  — Enlisted  men  present  for 
duty,  478;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  66;  sick,  54;  total  enlisted  present,  598. 
Commissioned  officers  present  for  duty,  23;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  1;  sick,  2; 
in  arrest,  1;  total,  27. 

Remarks  on  Monthly  Return  for  October,  1862,  made  Nov.  2,  1862. — Left 
Jacinto  on  the  morning  of  the  first  of  October  and  marched  to  Clear  creek, 
eighteen  miles.  Remained  there  until  the  third.  Left  camp  at  daylight  on 
the  third  and  marched  through  Corinth  to  a point  on  the  Purdy  road,  about 
four  miles  north  of  Corinth,  where  we  formed  line  of  battle  — our  brigade 
holding  the  extreme  right.  Left  the  field  on  the  morning  of  the  fifth  to  join 
jn  the  pursuit.  Returned  to  old  camp  on  Clear  creek  at  noon  on  the  eleventh, 
having  made  a continuous  march  of  over  one  hundred  miles.  Marched  to  Cor- 
inth on  the  twelfth  and  encamped  inside  the  old  rebel  intrenchments  east  ot 
the  railroad  depot. 

This  return  is  signed  by  James  C.  Edson,  captain  com- 
manding the  regiment.  On  this  return  H.  Slackman  of  Com- 
pany B is  reported  as  having  died  of  disease  at  Jackson,  Tenu., 
on  October  16th.  We  copy  this  item,  hut  have  no  other 
knowledge  of  any  such  person  having  belonged  to  this  com- 
pany. 

Marching  Orders.  (17,  2,  312.) 

Jackson,  Nov.  1,  1862. 

General  Hamilton,  Corinth,  Bliss.: 

There  are  indications  that  Bolivar  will  be  attacked  within  forty-eight  hours. 
Have  three  divisions  of  your  command  ready  to  move  to-morrow  morning, 
with  three  days’  rations  in  haversacks  and  three  days’  in  wagons.  Take  as 
little  baggage  as  can  he  possibly  got  along  with.  Do  not  move  without  further 
directions,  hut  be  ready  at  the  time  stated. 

* * * Start  in  the  morning.  Move  on  Grand  Junction,  keeping  a 
good  lookout  to  the  south  of  you.  If  you  find  the  enemy  have  moved  north 
of  that  place  you  can  change  your  direction  toward  Bolivar.  McPherson  will 
also  move  to  that  point,  starting  next  day.  Establish  a line  of  couriers  from 
Chewalla  to  enable  me  to  communicate  with  you. 

* * * The  route  will  be  by  Pocahontas.  It  will  be  of  the  utmost 
importance  in  case  of  a move  to  seize  on  Davis’  bridge  and  the  bridge  at  Poca- 
hontas at  once  with  a cavalry  force.  Instruct  the  telegraph  operators  to  keep 
the  offices  open  until  six  o’clock  to-night.  * * * I have  before  me 


Corp.  Leo  Cook,  Company  B. 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


145 


a Jackson  (Miss.)  paper,  which  makes  no  mention  of  the  fall  nor  even  of  attack 
upon  Mobile.  It  may  be  so,  however.  We  will  make  the  move  indicated  in 
my  former  dispatch,  and,  if  practicable,  drive  the  enemy  from  Holly  Springs. 
Corinth  will  then  be  covered.  U.  S.  Grant, 

Major  General. 

Headquarters  District  of  Corinth, 
Third  Division,  Department  of  the  Tennessee. 

Corinth,  Nov.  1,  1862. 

Special  Orders,  No.  7: 

First — The  divisions  of  Generals  Stanley,  Quinby  and  McArthur  will  be 
held  in  readiness  for  movement  early  to-morrow  morning,  with  three  days’ 
rations  in  haversacks,  three  days’  in  wagons  and  one  hundred  rounds  of  ammu- 
nition per  man.  Not  more  than  one  tent  per  company  will  he  taken ; no  other 
baggage.  Small  camp  guards  will  be  left,  composed  as  far  as  possible  of  non- 
effectives.  * * * 

By  command  of  Brig.  Gen.  C.  S.  Hamilton. 

R.  M.  Sawyer, 

Captain  and  Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

November  2d — Sunday.  — Marched  through  Corinth  and  out 
on  the  Memphis  road  twelve  miles.  Good  roads.  Clear.  [“  I 
remain  behind  to  finish  muster  rolls  and  take  care  of  Lieuten- 
ant Johnson.  The  men  who  are  left  behind  are  ordered  to 
form  a new  camp  inside  the  new  intrenchments.  November 
3d.  — Prepare  to  follow  the  regiment.  I am  not  able  to  accom- 
plish anything  on  account  of  taking  care  of  Johnson.  lie  is 
ver}’  sick.”  — T.  M.  Young.]  Hamilton  commands  the  left 
wing  of  the  army. 

November  3d — Monday.  — Marched  across  the  Tuscumbia 
and  Hatchie  rivers  to  Porter’s  creek.  Clear. 

November  lyth  — Tuesday.  — Marched  through  Grand  Junction. 
Camped  four  miles  south,  on  the  Holly  Springs  road,  on  Wolf 
river.  SomebodjT  set  fire  to  an  old  building  with  cotton  in  it 
on  the  road  to-day  and  some  of  our  boys  were  accused  of  it. 
Good  roads.  Warm. 


Severe  Orders. 

Headquarters  Left  Wing  Armyt  of  the  Tennessee. 

In  the  Field,  near  Grand  Junction,  Nov.  5,  1862. 
General  Field  Orders,  No.  2: 

First  — The  plundering  and  house  burning  of  the  past  two  days  shows  that 
the  discipline  of  this  command  is  becoming  seriously  impaired.  Although  these 
10 


146 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


crimes  are  committed  only  by  those  who  are  “stragglers  on  the  march  and 
skulkers  on  the  battlefield,”  still  all  good  soldiers  share  in  the  odium  which 
such  conduct  brings  upon  the  army.  It  is  therefore  ordered  that  every  effort  be 
made  to  arrest  these  thieves  and  house  burners,  that  they  be  immediately  tried 
by  a military  commission  to  be  detailed  by  division  commanders,  and  that  the 
sentence,  however  severe  it  may  be,  be  promptly  executed. 

Second  — Division  commanders  will  hold  regimental  commanders  strictly  re- 
sponsible for  the  conduct  of  their  soldiers.  Directly  after  the  arms  are  stacked 
in  camp  the  roll  will  be  called  and  the  number  of  absentees  from  each  regiment 
will  be  reported  to  the  division  commander.  When  the  army  does  not  march 
there  will  be  five  roll  calls  per  day  and  the  absentees  reported  to  the  division 
commander. 

Third — Officers  of  whatever  rank  or  regiment,  who  do  not  use  all  their 
efforts  to  repress  these  gross  outrages,  will  be  deprived  of  their  commands  and 
confined  in  the  military  prison  at  Alton. 

Fourth  — All  firing  in  and  about  the  camps  is  strictly  prohibited.  Soldiers 
so  offending  will  be  arrested  and  severely  punished. 

The  general  commanding  regrets  that  he  is  forced  to  use  such  severity,  but 
it  is  the  only  means  left  him  to  prevent  this  army  of  soldiers  from  degenerating 
into  an  armed  mob. 

By  command  of  Brig.  Gen.  C.  S.  Hamilton. 

John  Y.  Dubois, 

Colonel  United  States  Army  and  Chief  of  Staff. 

November  5th — Sunday.  — We  went  on  a reconnaissance  to- 
day toward  Holly  Springs,  supporting  the  cavalry. 

November  6th — Monday.  — The  regiment  fell  in  with  canteens 
on  for  inspection.  Some  thought  they  were  going  to  draw 
rations  of  whisky  but  it  was  only  to  detect  some  whisky 
thieves.  None  found. 

November  7 th  — Friday. — T.  M.  Young,  sergeant  of  Company 
A,  left  behind  at  Corinth,  says,  under  this  date:  “Turn  over 

the  extra  ordnance  stores  to  the  ordnance  officer  here  and  take 
a memorandum  receipt.  Sell  the  officers’  provisions  to  the 
commissary  of  subsistence  of  the  Twenty-second  Ohio,  and  at 
noon  we  start  for  the  regiment.  The  day  is  very  hot  and  the 
convalescent  men  suffer  very  much.  We  march  twelve  miles 
and  then  back  half  a mile  to  find  a decent  place  to  camp. 
Pretty  rough  on  sick  men  to  march  twelve  miles  in  half  an 
afternoon,  and  then  back  so  far,  for  the  fun  of  doing  theground 
over  again  in  the  morning.” 

November  8th  — Saturday. — The  regiment  marched  six  miles 
to  Davis’ Mill  and  Gray’s  creek.  Clear.  To-night,  just  as  the 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


147 


campfires  were  being  lit,  somebody  tore  down  a part  of  the 

fence  to  a hog  lot  in  rear  of  Davis’  residence  and  the  rebel 

hogs  ran  through  the  camps,  chasing  the  boys  in  all  directions. 
Some  got  across  the  creek  and  up  through  the  timber.  Our 
boys  protected  themselves  as  best  they  could  with  their  sword 
bayonets  and  the  squealing  of  the  porcines  did  not  last  long. 
Mr.  Davis  also  lost  some  sheep  at  this  time.  After  the  war 
he  put  in  a claim  as  a Union  man  against  the  government 

for  a large  number  of  hogs  and  sheep  killed  and  used  by  the 

men  of  our  regiment.  We  never  learned  whether  his  claim 
was  allowed  or  not,  but  think  that  it  was. 

November  9th — Sunday. — Marched  toward  Holly  Springs  on 
a reconnaissance.  Came  back  to  the  mill.  Dusty  roads.  Clear. 

November  10th — Monday. — Marched  one  mile  and  camped  on 
a hill  on  the  east  side  of  the  road.  Had  plenty  of  hickory  nuts 
and  potatoes.  Clear  and  warm. 

November  11th  — Tuesday. — We  quote  from  a letter: 

Camp,  Eight  Miles  South  of  Grand  Junction. 

We  are  now  on  our  road  to  Holly  Springs,  eighteen  miles  distant,  where 
General  Price  was  on  last  Sunday,  but  deserters  say  he  evacuated  on  that  even- 
ing. After  we  passed  through  Grand  Junction  we  camped  about  four  miles 
south,  upon  Wolf  river,  a fine  stream  of  water.  Last  Sunday  we  made  a recon- 
naissance to  within  twelve  miles  of  Holly  Springs  and  supported  our  cavalry 
(Col.  A.  L.  Lee  with  his  Seventh  Kansas — the  Jayhawkers).  Took  125  prison- 
ers. We  returned  the  same  day  to  our  present  camp.  Our  men  are  fixing  up 
the  bridges  upon  the  railroad  here  and  we  are  also  running  Davis’  grist  mill. 
Negroes  come  in  every  day  in  large  numbers,  some  with  wagons  with  two  to 
four  mules  on.  The  cars  run  to  Grand  Junction,  nineteen  miles  from  Bolivar, 
and  Jackson,  forty-seven  miles  from  the  Junction,  and  before  long  will  also  run 
from  Corinth  through.  The  weather  is  fine  and  this  is  the  finest  country  we 
have  yet  seen  South.  Plenty  of  corn  and  hogs,  two  very  necessary  things  for 
an  army.  I think  we  have  left  Corinth  for  good,  as  our  camp  equipage  is 
on  the  road  for  this  place,  and  the  army  from  Bolivar  and  Jackson  is  also  here. 
We  are  all  glad  we  have  left  Corinth,  where  for  miles  around  the  chickens  have 
ceased  to  crow  and  the  rail  fences  no  longer  decorate  the  landscape. 

On  November  11th  Brig.  Gen.  Leonard  F.  Ross  relieved 
Brig.  Gen.  David  S.  Stanley,  in  command  of  the  division  of  the 
left  wing  of  the  army,  and  General  Stanley  was  ordered  to  re- 
port in  person  to  General  Rosecrans,  commanding  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Cumberland  (17,  2,  343),  and  was  assigned  to 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


148 


[1862 


duty  there  as  chief  of  cavalry  and  to  command  all  of  the  cav- 
alry in  that  department.  (20,  2,  94.) 

November  13th  — Thursday. — Col.  A.  L.  Lee  of  the  Seventh 
Kansas  Cavalry,  with  cavalry,  entered  Holly  Springs  this  morn- 
ing, driving  the  enemy’s  pickets  from  there  and  far  beyond.  He 
has  taken  about  one  hundred  prisoners  and  killed  and  wounded 
many.  Lee  still  in  pursuit.  The  enemy  are  now  south  of  the 
Tallahatchie.  (17,  1,  470.) 

Brig.  Gen.  John  S.  Bowen  preferred  charges  against  Major 
General  Van  Dorn  for  misconduct  in  the  movement  of  his 
troops  against  Corinth;  for  moving  in  such  an  important  en- 
terprise without  sufficient  commissary  stores,  thereby  causing 
suffering  among  his  troops;  for  failing  to  follow  up  his  success 
on  the  afternoon  of  the  third,  when  victor}?  was  within  reach; 
and  in  waiting  until  the  morning  of  the  fourth,  when  the  enemy 
had  strengthened  his  lines,  received  re-enforcements,  etc.  A 
court  of  inquiry,  consisting  of  Generals  Price,  Tilghman  and 
Maury,  with  Captain  Cummins  as  recorder,  convened  at  Ab- 
beyville,  Miss.,  on  Nov.  15,  1862,  to  try  the  case,  and  after 
hearing  the  evidence  decided  that  it  disproved  the  allegations 
contained  in  the  charges  and  specifications  (17,  1,  414.) 

November  16th  — Sunday.  — We  had  a grand  review  to-day  by 
Generals  Grant,  McPherson  and  Quinby.  We  quote  the  fol- 
lowing from  a letter  written  home  by  Sergt.  S.  C.  Thurston 
of  Company  C: 

After  the  review  to-day  we  espied  Capt.  R.  S.  Donaldson  coming,  just  from 
Minnesota,  where  he  had  been  on  furlough.  [Left  us  on  sick  leave  at  Corinth. 
— Ed.]  He  had  brought  some  eatables  from  there  for  the  boys.  He  had  left 
his  baggage  and  eatables  at  Davis’  Mill,  two  miles  away.  The  mules  had  all 
been  taken  out  foraging,  and  as  we  thought  that  we  might  get  orders  to  march, 
Witherell,  myself  and  two  others  brought  them  to  camp  on  our  shoulders. 
We  live  high  now.  Billy  Longstreet,  McCabe  and  I mess  together.  One  car- 
ries the  meat,  one  the  bread  and  the  other  the  groceries. 

After  the  review  Lieutenant  Hunt  came  into  camp  for  an 
escort  of  horsemen  to  go  into  the  country  and  get  horses  and 
mules.  After  a while  he  persuaded  Captain  Edson  to  go 
along.  I received  instructions  to  mount  all  of  the  teamsters 
and  take  every  saddle  that  could  be  procured  in  camp  and 
accompany  them,  and  did  so.  We  scouted  through  the  coun- 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


149 


try,  outside  and  south  of  our  lines,  for  many  miles,  and  met 
with  good  success.  We  arrived  just  after  sundown  at  the 
plantation  of  a Mr.  Franklin.  Frank  Collins,  the  writer, 
and  several  others  turned  the  corner  of  the  road  and  some 
rods  distant  rode  into  a small  inclosure  containing  some  old 
log  stables,  where  an  ancient  servant  was  in  the  act  of  stabling 
six  as  fine  mules  as  we  ever  saw  and  two  horses.  “Uncle,” 
we  inquired,  “where  have  you  had  the  animals?”  “Down 
in  de  swamp,  Marsa.”  “What  for?”  “To  keep  um  fum 
y’all.”  “Never  mind  tying  them  in  the  stable;  we  will  take 
them  along  with  us.”  And  the  astonished  uncle  saw  us  lead 
them  away  and  join  the  rest  of  our  comrades  in  front  of  Mr. 
Franklin’s,  who  at  once  began  to  plead  for  his  horses.  The 
little  mare  with  braided  mane  and  tail  and  on  whose  back  sat 
a jaunty  little  saddle,  as  if  his  little  son  had  just  dismounted 
previous  to  our  appearance,  he  wanted  to  save  for  his  boy,  and 
the  fine  large  Morgan  mare  he  wanted  for  his  own  use.  But 
that  could  not  be.  We  soon  left  Mr.  Franklin  standing  on  his 
porch,  contemplating,  perhaps,  how  unstable  and  transitory 
were  some  things  here  below.  About  a mile  distant  we  rode 
up  to  the  plantation  house  of  his  older  brother,  Mr.  Gideon 
Franklin,  who,  after  some  parley  and  objections,  also  fur- 
nished us  with  several  more  fine  mules.  We  then  started  for 
camp,  where  we  arrived  some  time  after  dark  with  two  horses 
and  eighteen  mules  that  we  had  converted.  The  large  Mor- 
gan mare  was  as  fine  a one  as  I ever  saw. 

November  17th — Monday. — Marched  to  La  Grange,  Tenn. 
[Population,  1880,  511.]  We  box  up  our  overcoats  and  store 
them  and  all  surplus  goods  in  the  Baptist  church  (we  got  our 
overcoats  again  before  we  got  into  Memphis),  in  which  we  lie 
down  and  remain  until  morning.  Persimmons  are  plentiful. 
Rain  at  night. 

November  18th — Tuesday. — Marched  to  Moscow, about  eight 
miles  from  La  Grange. 

Comrade  J.  H.  Thurston  says: 

Just  before  we  got  to  Moscow,  Jim  and  Charley  Hubbard  hired  a negro  to 
carry  their  luggage,  which  was  sufficient  to  load  a mule.  He  was  a stupid  fel- 
low. Charley  gave  him  instructions  to  pack  up  his  traps  and  be  ready  to 


150 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


move  whenever  he  saw  the  rest  of  us  doing  so,  without  waiting  to  he  told.  The 
next  time  we  had  dress  parade,  just  as  we  (the  hand)  had  nearly  reached  the 
right  of  the  regiment,  we  discovered  Tom  with  all  his  traps  following  us. 
Hubbard  sent  him  back,  much  to  the  regret  of  the  hand  boys,  who  desired  him 
to  follow  us  as  we  heat-off. 

We  generally  had  two  of  our  army  wagons  loaded  with  am- 
munition with  our  regiment,  and  a guard  under  a corporal 
guarded  them.  Corp.  Ezra  A.  Tyler  of  Company  E had 
charge  of  them  at  this  time. 

November  20th — Thursday. — Capt.  E.  Le  Gro  of  Company  E 
resigned  to-day  and  left  us.  While  we  were  here  at  Moscow 
foraging  parties  went  frequently  into  the  country.  Mr.  Coving- 
ton, who  had  charge  of  the  division  supply  train,  took  his  train 
out  on  November  24th,  and  as  fast  as  the  leading  teams  were 
loaded  he  instructed  them  to  start  for  camp.  About  the  same 
time  three  or  four  of  our  regimental  teams  went  out  on  the  same 
road.  We  did  not  go  as  far  out  as  the  others  did,  and  while 
our  wagons  were  being  filled  with  corn  at  a house  near  the 
road  a shot  was  fired.  On  looking  out  beyond  us  up  the  road, 
a man  was  seen  running,  bareheaded,  across  a field  towards  the 
camp,  and  our  boys  discovered  atthe  same  time  several  wagons 
up  the  road  loaded  with  corn,  standing  behind  each  other,  with- 
out any  mules.  We  soon  ascertained  that  the  enemy  had  cap- 
tured the  mules  and  drivers  of  eleven  six-mule  teams.  One  driver 
of  the  eleven  got  away.  Gen.  Jerry  Sullivan  and  some  of  our 
cavalry  came  out  atonceand  patrolled  the  roads  for  miles  ahead, 
hut  did  not  discover  the  enemy.  They  had  gone  off  across-lots 
and  got  safely  away  with  their  capture.  Two  of  our  drivers 
turned  into  the  division  train.  Allen  W.  Clark  of  Compan}7  G 
and  Pearl  Otis  of  Company  H were  among  the  captives  who 
were  taken  and  afterwards  exchanged.  These  teams  were  cap- 
tured within  two  miles  of  camp.  An  order  was  issued  at  once 
by  the  general  to  take  mules  from  the  surrounding  country  to 
make  our  number  good,  which  order  was  obeyed  with  pleasure, 
and  the  order  was  never  afterward  to  our  knowledge  revoked. 
[Population  of  Moscow  in  1880,  193.] 

November  25th — Tuesday.  — Six  companies,  Company  A 
among  the  number,  went  out  on  a scout. 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


151 


Captain  Clarke  of  Company  H writes  : 

On  the  night  of  the  twenty -sixth  of  Novembsr,  while  in  ambush  for  rebel 
cavalry,  a negro  came  into  camp  claiming  to  be  a runaway,  who  was  taken 
up  by  our  chaplain  and  hired  as  an  extra  servant.  But  he  skipped  some  time 
before  morning  and  stole  the  chaplain’s  mare,  saddle,  bridle  and  revolver — thus 
proving  to  our  chaplain  that  there  is  not  always  an  honest  heart  beneath  a 
negro’s  skin.  We  recovered  the  mare  — she  came  in  during  the  night,  having 
apparently  broken  away,  but  without  the  saddle  — but  never  saw  Mr.  Negro 
again.  As  he  was  a rebel  cavalry  officer’s  servant  and  sent  in  as  a spy  to  ascer- 
tain our  position,  he  doubtless  reported  to  his  command,  as  they  took  another 
road  and  we  lost  them. 

The  loss  of  the  chaplain’s  horse  occurred  at  the  bridge  across 
Wolf  river,  and  in  writing  of  this  Captain  White  of  Company 
F says: 

I took  the  detachment  over  to  guard  the  bridge  the  time  the  darkey  stole 
the  chaplain’s  horse.  I often  think  of  that  affair. 

November  27th  — Thursday. — The  six  companies  got  back  to 
camp  about  noon.  We  are  very  tired  and  footsore. 

November  28th — Friday. — March  for  Holly  Springs  and 
camp  for  the  night  at  Coldwater,  Miss.,  about  four  miles  from 
that  place.  Water  bad.  Hot  and  clear.  Had  lots  of  fun  with 
the  Seventy-second  Illinois,  as  to-day  occurred  their  first  march 
with  us,  and  it  was  a hard  one  even  for  old  veterans.  The  Sev- 
enty-second, Col.  Fred  A.  Starring’s  regiment,  was  the  Chicago 
First  Board  of  Trade  Regiment,  and  joined  us  at  Moscow. 
They  entered  with  a fine  outfit  and  gradually  reduced  it  along 
the  road. 

November  28tli — Friday.  — Our  regiment  marched  behind 
them  to-day  and  supplied  themselves  freely  with  clothing  of  all 
kinds  found  scattered  along  the  road;  and  on  arrival  in  camp, 
while  the  colonel  of  the  Seventy-second  is  giving  tne  com- 
mand, “ H-a-l-t ! ” and  dressing  up  his  regiment,  “ Back  on  the 
left!”  “Up  in  the  centre!”  our  boys  have  already  lined  up, 
stacked  arms  and  are  getting  away  with  all  of  the  rail  fences, 
much  to  the  disgust  of  the  boys  of  the  Seventy-second. 

November  29th  — Saturday.  — About  noon  to-day  we  reach 
Holly  Springs  [population,  1880,  2,370],  a pretty  site  for  a 
dilapidated  town.  It  is  poorly  fortified  and  only  on  one  side 
March  through  Holly  Springs  and  at  sunset  reach  Waterford 


152 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


[population,  1880,  200J,  or  Lumpkin’s  Mills,  a name  without  a 
town.  Camp  half  a mile  east  on  a hill,  in  the  mud  and  rain, 
without  tents  or  rubber  blankets.  Could  see  the  campfires  of 
a large  army  around  us.  Could  hear  cannon  ahead  at  the  Tal- 
lahatchie river.  The  weather  cleared  while  we  were  here. 
There  is  a fine  large  brick  grist  mill  here  and  some  of  our 
army  boys  are  running  it  for  Uncle  Sam. 

Monthly  Returns  for  November , 1862.  — Total  enlisted  present  for  duty,  448; 
on  extra  and  daily  duty,  66;  sick,  18;  total  enlisted  present,  532.  Commis- 
sioned officers  present  for  duty,  21 ; on  extra  and  daily  duty,  3;  in  arrest  or  sus- 
pension, 1 ; total  commissioned  present,  25. 

Remarks  on  Return  for  November,  1862,  made  at  Waterford,  Miss. — Regiment 
left  Corinth  Nov.  2,  1862.  November  4th,  arrived  at  Grand  Junction;  dis- 
tance, fifty  miles.  Went  into  camp  four  miles  south  of  Grand  Junction. 
Went  on  a reconnaissance  to  a point  near  Cold  water;  distance,  sixteen  miles. 
Returned  and  camped  near  Davis’  Mill  on  the  ninth.  Marched  on  the  seven- 
teenth through  La  Grange  to  Moscow,  Tenn.,  arriving  there  on  the  eighteenth; 
distance  marched,  eighteen  miles.  November  25th,  six  companies  marched 
sixteen  miles  on  a reconnaissance  and  returned  on  the  twenty-seventh.  On 
the  twenty-eighth  the  regiment  marched  to  Coldwater.  On  the  twenty-ninth 
passed  through  Holly  Springs  and  on  to  Lumpkin’s  Mills,  eight  miles  south 
of  Holly  Springs.  Distance  marched  from  Moscow,  thirty  miles.  Allen  W. 
Clark  and  Pearl  Otis  were  captured  by  the  enemy  on  November  24th  Second 
Lieut.  James  A.  Goodwin,  wounded  at  Iuka,  now  in  hospital  at  Jackson,  Tenn. 

December  2d — Tuesday. — Moved  through  rain  and  mud  to  the 
Tallahatchie  river,  and  camped  in  the  evening  just  in  front  of 
the  rebel  fort,  which  is  very  strong.  It  rained  all  night,  filling 
the  furrows  in  the  old  cotton  field  and  making  our  stay  at  this 
place  intensely  disagreeable.  The  enemy  has  burned  the 
bridge,  and  some  of  our  men  have  gone  to  work  to  build  an- 
other. On  account  of  the  destruction  of  the  bridge  our  regi- 
mental sutler,  Mr.  Thos.  C.  Shapleigh,  is  unable  to  follow  the 
regiment  with  his  supplies  and  moves  back  with  them  to  Holly 
Springs,  and  we  will  add,  that  when  Van  Dorn’s  army  captured 
Holly  Springs  it  also  captured  all  of  Mr.  Shapleigh’s  goods. 

December  4-th — Thursday. — Rained  all  day.  Got  some  mail. 
Abbeyville  is  across  the  river  and  not  far  from  our  camp  here. 

December  5th — Friday. — Marched  early.  Roads  terribly 
muddy.  Cross  the  river  at  the  rebel  breastworks.  Move  on 
through  Abbeyville  [population,  1880,  223]  and  Oxford  [popu- 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


153 


lation,  1880,  1,534],  fifteen  miles,  racing  with  Logan’s  division 
nearly  all  day  through  rain  and  sleet.  Camped  in  the  woods 
close  to  Oxford.  We  saw  a large  number  of  prisoners, 
mostly  cavalry.  General  Grant  reviewed  us  at  this  camp.  We 
went  out  foraging  one  day  while  here  at  Oxford,  and  while 
taking  dinner  with  a poor  granger,  who  had  served  in  the  Con- 
federate army,  he  berated  the  Confederate  political  leaders 
unmercifully  and  remarked  that  it  was  a “ rich  man’s  war  and 
a poor  man’s  fight.” 


CHAPTER  VII. 


Man  Drummed  Out  of  Service — Formation  of  Our  Army  Corps  — Yankee 
Pictures  vs.  Confederate  Money  — Enemy  Capture  Our  Supplies  at  Holly 
Springs — Our  Big  Scare — We  “Fall  Back” — Order  Numbering  Our 
Division  in  Our  Four  Army  Corps  — Capturing  and  Fooling  Quinby’s 
Aids  — Guarding  Wagon  Train  to  Memphis  and  Lafayette  — Stop  at 
White’s  Station;  Build  Stockades;  Lovely  Foraging;  Sixteen  Inches  of 
Snow  — Roster  of  Our  Division  — List  of  Sick  in  Hospitals — Tents 
Crowded;  “Spoon!” — Leaving  Memphis  — Bunche’s  Bend  — Down  the 
Yazoo  Pass — A Brush  with  the  Rebels  — Our  Journey  Back  on  the  Pringle — 
On  the  Sandbar  — Go  Down  to  Milliken’s  Bend. 

December  8th — Monday. — Marched  to  Yockna,  Miss.,  six  miles 
from  Oxford.  Still  raining.  Could  see  pine  woods  across  the 
river  to  the  south  of  us.  While  here  we  huilt  a corduroy 
road.  [The  name  of  this  stream  in  the  official  records  is  Yock- 
napatalfa.]  A soldier,  but  not  of  our  regiment,  was  drummed 
out  of  camp  at  this  place,  after  having  had  one  side  of  his  head 
shaved,  to  the  tune  of  the  “Rogue’s  March.”  It  was  a laugh- 
able proceeding.  He  followed,  bareheaded,  the  fife  and  drum, 
while  a detail  marched  behind  him  with  their  arms  carried  at 
charge  bayonet.  At  the  edge  of  camp  the  music  struck  up 
“Double-quick,”  and  he  was  run  out.  He  acted  as  if  he  en- 
joyed the  fun  and  seemed  glad  to  get  out  of  the  service.  He 
had  been  tried  for  some  offense  and  the  sentence  of  the  court 
martial  was  that  he  be  drummed  out  of  the  service.  When  out 
of  camp  he  kicked  up  his  heels,  put  his  thumb  to  his  nose  and 
graeefullj7  waved  bis  hand. 

December  9th — Tuesday. — Still  raining.  J.  M.  Thompson, 
our  regimental  adjutant,  having  been  elected  by  the  membei’S 
of  Company  E as  its  captain,  took  command  of  the  company 
here  at  the  Yockna. 

December  18th — Thursday. — General  Orders,  No.  210,  from 
the  War  Department  at  Washington,  dated  Dec.  18,  1862, 
read  as  follows: 

By  direction  of  the  President,  the  troops  in  the  Department  of  the  Tennessee 
and  those  of  the  Department  of  the  Missouri  operating  on  the  Mississippi  river 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


155 


will  be  divided  into  fonrarmy  corps,  to  be  numbered  the  Thirteenth,  Fifteenth, 
Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth.  Maj.Gen.  J.  A.  McClernand  is  assigned  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  Thirteenth  Army  Corps,  Maj.  Gen.  W.  T.  Sherman  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  Fifteenth  Army  Corps,  Maj.  Gen.  S.  A.  Hurlbut  to  the  command 
of  the  Sixteenth  Army  Corps  and  Maj.  Gen.  J.  B.  McPherson  to  the  command 
of  the  Seventeenth  Army  Corps. 

While  here  at  the  Yockna  we  went  out  foraging.  One  of 
our  men,  not  wishing  to  appropriate  a pig  that  was  running 
around  the  dooryard  at  a house,  asked  the  man  in  charge 
what  he  would  take  for  it.  He  said  twenty  dollars.  He 
gave  him  a hundred-dollar  picture  that  had  been  printed 
at  some  printing  office  in  the  North  and  received  eighty  dollars 
in  good  Confederate  money  as  change.  Our  men  were  well 
supplied  with  Confederate  money  that  wTas  manufactured 
and  sent  down  to  the  army.  Five  cents  would  purchase  a five 
or  a hundred  dollar  bill,  and  with  these  pictures  our  men 
could  make  purchases,  when  their  feelings  did  not  prompt 
them  to  confiscate  what  they  wanted.  It  was  fun  for  the  boys 
to  do  a little  honest  trading.  The  country  occupied  by  our 
army  soon  became  so  flooded  with  this  facsimile  that  it  was 
about  as  bad  for  a prisoner  to  have  counterfeit  money  on  his 
person  when  captured  as  it  was  to  be  convicted  of  being  a spy, 

December  20th  — Saturday. — Holly  Springs,  with  its  garrison 
and  immense  supplies,  was  captured  early  this  morning  by 
General  Van  Dorn’s  army. 

December  21st — Sunday.  — We  marched  back  to  Oxford  with 
the  rest  of  the  army  in  the  afternoon  and  encamped  on  our 
old  ground  to  the  east  of  the  village.  At  midnight  when  all  was 
quiet  the  long  roll  sounded  and  orders  were  received  to  fall 
in  at  once,  as  the  enemy  in  heavy  force  wTas  marching  on  us 
and  was  just  outside  the  town.  We  fell  in,  and  with  the  rest 
of  the  brigade  marched  through  the  town  to  the  west  and 
formed  in  line  of  battle.  Our  troops  tore  down  some  build- 
ings to  give  range  to  the  artillery;  fences  were  leveled  and  we 
expected  that  the  enemy  and  daylight  would  open  upon  us  at 
about  the  same  time.  A short  time  before  daybreak  a good 
part  of  our  army  was  either  in  line  on  the  field  or  marching  to 
it,  when  it  was  discovered  that  the  noise  heard  by  our  cavalry 
scouts,  which  they  had  believed  to  be  the  advance  of  the 


156 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


rebel  army  in  force,  was  made  by  one  of  our  army  wagon  trains, 
which  had  taken  the  wrong  road  and  had  been  driving  all 
night  to  get  into  our  lines,  Several  companies  of  our  regi- 
ment came  very  near  being  fired  into  by  our  own  troops.  On 
the  twenty-second  we  marched  back  to  our  camp. 


Orders  Dividing  the  Army. 

Headquarters  Department  of  Tennessee. 

Holly  Springs,  Miss.,  Dec.  22,  1862. 

General  Orders,  No.  14: 

By  direction  of  the  general-in-cliief  of  the  army,  the  troops  in  this  depart- 
ment, including  those  in  the  Department  of  the  Missouri  operating  on  the 
Mississippi  river,  are  hereby  divided  into  four  army  corps,  as  follows: 

First  — The  troops  composing  the  Ninth  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  G.  W.  Morgan 
commanding;  the  Tenth  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  A.  J.  Smith  commanding,  and  all 
other  troops  operating  on  the  Mississippi  river  below  Memphis  not  included  in 
the  Fifteenth  Army  Corps,  will  constitute  the  Thirteenth  Army  Corps,  under 
the  command  of  Maj.  Gen.  John  A.  McClernand. 

Second — The  Fifth  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  Morgan  L.  Smith  commanding;  the 
division  from  Helena,  Ark.,  commanded  by  Brig.  Gen.  F.  Steele,  and  the  forces 
in  the  district  of  Memphis  will  constitute  the  Fifteenth  Army  Corps,  and  be 
commanded  by  Maj.  Gen.  W.  T.  Sherman. 

Third — The  Sixth  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  J.  McArthur  commanding;  the  Sev- 
enth Division,  Brig.  Gen.  I.  F.  Quinby  commanding;  the  Eighth  Division,  Brig. 
Gen.  L.  F.  Ross  commanding;  Second  Brigade  Cavalry,  Colonel  Lee  command- 
ing, and  the  troops  in  the  district  of  Columbus,  commanded  by  Brigadier  Gen- 
eral Davies,  and  those  in  the  district  of  Jackson,  commanded  by  Brigadier 
General  Sullivan,  will  constitute  the  Sixteenth  Army  Corps,  and  be  commanded 
by  Major  General  Hurlbut. 

Fourth — The  First  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  J.  W.  Denver  commanding;  the 
Third  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  John  A.  Logan  commanding;  the  Fourth  Division, 
Brig.  Gen.  J.  G.  Lauman  commanding;  First  Brigade  of  Cavalry,  Col.  B.  H. 
Grierson  commanding,  and  the  forces  in  the  district  of  Corinth,  commanded 
by  Brig.  Gen.  G.  M.  Dodge,  will  constitute  the  Seventeenth  Army  Corps,  and 
be  commanded  by  Maj.  Gen.  J.  B.  McPherson. 

By  order  of  Maj  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant. 

Jno.  A.  Rawlins, 

(17,  2,  461.)  Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

This  order  placed  Quinby’s  division  in  the  Sixteenth  Corps, 
where  it  remained  until  it  left  Memphis  to  take  part  in  the 
operations  against  Vicksburg,  when  it  formed  a part  of  the 
Seventeenth  Corps  under  General  McPherson. 


1862]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS..  157 

December  23d — Tuesday. — Marched  back  across  the  Talla- 
hatchie river.  While  we  were  in  camp  here  before,  two  aids 
on  General  Quinby’s  staff  stopped  at  a white  house  not  far 
from  camp,  where  they  were  quite  agreeably  entertained  by 
two  young  ladies  of  the  household,  and  on  returning  here  they 
renewed  the  acquaintance  and  made  the  house  their  head- 
quarters for  the  night.  Col.  Fred  A.  Starring  with  several 
other  officers  of  the  Seventy-second  Illinois  dressed  them- 
selves in  butternut  uniform,  and  riding  out  to  the  house  entered 
it,  and,  as  Confederate  soldiers,  captured  and  paroled  the  two 
aids  and  made  them  swear  that  they  would  not  leave  the  house 
before  noon  of  the  next  day.  The  two  young  ladies  were  over- 
joyed to  see  our  Confederates,  showered  upon  them  loving  en- 
dearments and  joyfully  invited  them  to  march  the  aids  off  into 
captivity.  The  colonel  and  his  followers,  after  paroling  the 
aids,  retired,  and  the  two  prisoners  remained  in  ignorance  of 
the  joke  until  about  ten  o’clock  the  next  day. 

December  24-th — Wednesday . — Marched  to  Lumpkin’s  Mill 
or  Waterford. 

December  25th  — Thursday. — Details  go  out  foraging  under 
the  supervision  of  the  quartermaster  of  the  Seventy-second  Illi- 
nois. The  boys  thought  that  he  treated  them  meanly,  as  he 
made  them  throw  the  forage  all  together  and  divide  it  fairly. 
This  quartermaster  wears  spectacles.  The  wagonmaster  of  this 
regiment  (Burtis)  is  a pretty  liberal  man.  The  Seventy-sec- 
ond’s train  consists  of  four-horse  teams  and  many  of  the  horses 
are  balky.  When  we  forage  a large  mule  and  turn  out  a small 
one,  they  pick  up  the  small  one  and  turn  out  a balky  horse. 
To-day  is  warm  and  pleasant  and  some  of  our  officers  went  in 
bathing.  At  night  it  commenced  to  rain. 

December  26th — Friday.  — March  for  Memphis.  Rain  all 
day  and  mud.  The  train  of  the  Seventy-second  is  in  advance 
of  ours,  and  many  of  the  balky  teams  are  left  by  the  wayside 
and  the  officers’  bandboxes  and  mess  chests  are  unloaded  along 
the  road.  On  our  fine  mule  teams  we  haul  the  knapsacks  of 
our  regiment.  The  wagons  are  loaded  to  the  tops  of  the 
wagon-bows  and  knapsacks  are  strapped  on  the  outside.  We 
reach  Tallaloosa,  the  rendezvous  for  the  trains  at  night. 
Marched  nine  miles. 


158 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1862 

Holly  Springs,  Miss.,  Bee.  25,  1862. 

Special  Field  Orders,  No  34: 

The  Seventh  Division  (left  wing),  army  in  the  field,  Brigadier  General  Quinby 
commanding,  will  proceed  without  delay  to  Memphis,  Tenn.,  as  escort  to  train 
for  supplies  for  the  army.  A train  of  fifty  wagons  will  he  detached  from  each 
division  for  this  purpose,  besides  the  regimental  train  of  the  Seventh  Division- 
The  train  of  the  right  wing  will  be  collected  at  Tallaloosa  by  12  o’clock  m.  on 
the  twenty-sixth,  escorted  by  details  from  their  respective  commands  to  that 
place,  details  to  return  as  soon  as  train  is  taken  charge  of  by  General  Quinby. 
The  route  to  be  taken  to  Memphis  will  be  by  the  Pigeon  Roost  road,  leading 
from  Tallaloosa  to  Memphis.  (17,  2,  485-499.) 

The  above  is  a part  of  Grant’s  order,  and  the  instructions 
were  that  after  the  train  was  loaded  to  guard  it  east  along  the 
railroad  and  ship  the  supplies  by  rail. 

December  27th — Saturday. — Rained  all  night.  Reach  By- 
halia  [population,  1880,  346]  late  at  night,  after  marching 
seventeen  miles.  An  institution  of  learning  is  located  here  — a 
female  seminary.  It  is  a small  village.  As  the  cotton  busi- 
ness at  this  time  made  General  Grant  quite  unpopular  with 
some  of  the  army,  who  blamed  him  for  its  being  hauled  on 
government  wagons,  we  copy  the  following  as  an  explanation 
of  the  cotton  business:  Halleck  wrote  from  Washington, 

Aug.  25,  1862,  to  Sherman  at  Memphis,  as  follows: 

It  was  determined  before  I arrived  here  that  gold  and  treasury  notes  should 
be  paid  for  cotton,  and  it  was  so  published  in  orders  by  General  Butler  in  New 
Orleans.  Whether  or  not  this  is  wise  I could  not  stop  to  examine.  The 
policy  being  adopted,  its  operation  must  be  uniform.  Hence  I directed  General 
Grant  to  make  it  so  in  his  district.  I understand  that  tents  for  the  new  levies 
cannot  be  furnished  till  we  get  more  cotton,  and  hence  the  absolute  necessity 
for  encouraging  that  trade  just  now.  Money  is  of  no  more  value  to  the  rebels 
than  cotton,  for  they  can  purchase  military  munitions  with  the  latter  as  well 
as  the  former.  Very  probably  as  soon  as  we  get  cotton  enough  for  military 
purposes  the  policy  will  be  changed.  (17,  2,  186.) 

December  28th — Sunday. — We  move  on  again  to-day  and 
bivouac  within  eight  or  nine  miles  of  Memphis.  The  weather  is 
clear  and  the  roads  are  good.  Thomas  Moore  of  Company  C 
and  young  Grear,  a son  of  John  Grear  of  Company  E,  about 
fourteen  years  old,  were  captured  to-day  by  the  enemy  when 
only  about  eighty  rods  south  of  the  road  and  in  plain  sight  of 
it.  They  were  after  chickens.  They  rode  up  to  a farmhouse, 
were  captured  and  paroled,  and  came  to  the  regiment.  The 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  YOLUNTEEES. 


159 


enemy  kept  Capt.  J.  E.  Thompson’s  fine  horse  and  saddle 
which  Moore  was  riding.  We  got  plenty  of  fine  hogs  to-day 
along  the  road.  Had  to  leave  two  we  could  not  get  into  the 
wagons  before  the  train  passed,  and  Colonel  Alexander,  riding 
at  the  head  of  the  Fifty-ninth  Indiana,  would  not  consent  to 
let  us  draw  out  a team  or  stop,  so  the  Fifty-ninth  boys  got 
those  two  Berkshires. 

December  29th — Monday. — Marched  into  Memphis.  Camped 
near  Fort  Pickering.  Clear  and  cold.  Got  very  little  wood, 
and  so  the  boys  helped  themselves  to  a board  fence  (and  we 
afterwards  had  its  value  taken  out  of  our  pay). 

December  30tli — Tuesday. — Still  cold  and  disagreeable.  Some 
of  our  boys  at  night  went  to  the  theatre  in  the  city.  As  it  was 
forbidden  the  men  to  be  out  of  camp,  the  provost  guard  were 
hunting  stragglers  at  night,  but  would  be  looking  the  other 
way  when  they  came  to  any  of  them.  The  Fifth  Iowa  were 
on  brigade  camp  guard  and  with  strict  orders  to  arrest  all 
without  the  countersign;  but  all  of  our  boys,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  Fifth  Iowa,  had  the  mystic  word,  and  none  were  arrested. 
A couple  of  them  went  to  the  theatre  and  in  returning  through 
the  city  a lieutenant  and  patrol  crossed  the  street  to  them,  when 
one  of  them  pulled  out  a fine-tooth  comb  and  says:  “That’s 
the  countersign,  sir,”  and  the  lieutenant  asked,  “ What  regi- 
ment do  you  fellows  belong  to?”  He  was  told,  and  they  im- 
mediately crossed  back  over  the  street  and  said  it  was  O.  K. 
They  were  of  the  Eightieth  Ohio.  On  coming  to  the  brigade 
guard  the  first  salutation  was,  “What  regiment  do  you  belong 
to?”  “The  Fourth  Minnesota.”  “The  countersign  is  right; 
pass  in,  boys.” 

December  31st — Wednesday. — Marched  to  Germantown 

[population,  1880,  223], on  the  Memphis  & Charleston  railroad, 
in  charge  of  the  wagon  train,  fifteen  miles.  A good  many  of 
the  men,  from  the  division  commander  down,  were  indisposed 
on  the  march  to-day.  Former  hardships  and  privations  and  a 
liberal  supply  of  “ Gayoso  spring  water”  in  their  canteens 
proves  too  much  for  many  of  our  men,  who  are  loaded  into  the 
wagons.  Capt.  R.  S.  Donaldson  commands  the  rear  guard  of 
our  regiment  and  is  kept  pretty  busy  looking  after  them. 
Lieut.  J.  H.  Donaldson  is  acting  regimental  quartermaster. 


160 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1862 


We  copy  the  following  roster  from  the  army  records.  When 
the  returns  were  made  Colonel  Sanborn  had  doubtless  gone  to 
St.  Paul. 

Roster  of  Seventh  Division,  Thirteenth  Army  Corps,  December, 
1862. — Brig.  Gen.  Isaac  F.  Quinby. 

FIRST  BRIGADE  — COL.  JESSE  I.  ALEXANDER  OF  FIFTY-NINTH  INDIANA, 

COMMANDING. 

Seventy-second  Illinois,  Col.  Frederick  A.  Starring. 

Forty-eighth  Indiana,  Col.  Norman  Eddy. 

Fifty -ninth  Indiana,  Col.  Jefferson  K.  Scott. 

Fourth  Minnesota,  Lieut.  Col.  John  E.  Tourtellotte. 

SECOND  BRIGADE  — COL.  EPHRAIM  R.  ECKLEY  OF  EIGHTIETH  OHIO. 

Fifty-sixth  Illinois,  Col.  Green  B.  Raum. 

Seventeenth  Iowa,  Lieut.  Col.  Clark  R.  Weaver. 

Tenth  Missouri,  Col.  Samuel  A.  Holmes. 

Twenty-fourth  Missouri,  Company  F,  Lieut. William  W.  McCammon. 
Eightieth  Ohio,  Capt.  Charles  H.  Mathews. 

THIRD  BRIGADE  — COL.  GEORGE  B.  BOOMER  OF  TWENTY-SIXTH  MISSOURI. 

Ninety-third  Illinois,  Col.  Holden  Putnam. 

Fifth  Iowa,  Col.  Charles  L.  Matthies. 

Tenth  Iowa,  Lieut.  Col.  William  E.  Small. 

Twenty-sixth  Missouri,  Lieut.  Col.  John  H.  Holman. 

ARTILLERY  — LIEUT.  COL.  ALBERT  M.  POWELL. 

First  Missouri  Battery  M,  Capt.  Junius  W.  McMurray. 

Eleventh  Ohio  Battery,  Capt  Frank  C.  Sands. 

Sixth  Wisconsin  Battery,  Capt.  Henry  Dillon. 

Twelfth  Wisconsin  Battery,  Capt.  William  Zickerick. 

CAVALRY. 

Fifth  Missouri,  Company  C,  Lieut.  Russell  W.  Maryhugh. 

(17,  2,  513  and  516.) 

Returns  for  Month  of  December , 1862. — Total  enlisted,  750;  aggregate, 
787;  aggregate  last  return,  813;  total  enlisted  present  for  duty,  445;  on 
extra  and  daily  duty,  53;  sick,  12;  total  enlisted  present,  510.  Commissioned 
officers  present  for  duty,  22;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  3;  sick,  1;  total  present,  26. 

Remarks.—  Marched  from  Lumpkin’s  Mills  to  a point  near  the  Tallahatchie 
river,  seventeen  miles.  December  3d,  marched  about  a mile  and  camped  on 
the  river  below  the  rebel  intrencbments.  December  4th,  marched  to  Oxford, 
Miss.,  fifteen  miles.  December  12th,  marched  six  miles  south  of  Oxford  to  the 
bottoms  of  the  Yocanapatalfa  river.  December  21st,  returned  to  Oxford.  De- 


1862] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


161 


cember  23d,  marched  to  Tallahatchie,  fifteen  miles.  December  24th,  marched  to 
Lumpkin’s  Mills,  three  miles.  December  26th,  marched  to  Tallaloosa, nine  miles. 
December  27th,  marched  to  Byhalia,  eleven  miles.  December  28th,  marched  to 
a point  eight  miles  east  of  Memphis.  December  29th,  marched  to  Memphis,  eight 
miles.  December  31st,  marched  to  Germantown,  fifteen  miles,  on  the  state 
line  road.  Dnring  the  month  marched  126  miles.  On  the  twenty-eighth  the 
rear  guard  of  the.  train  was  fired  into  by  guerrillas.  Private  F.  Follett  of  Com- 
pany D was  wounded  slightly.  Two  men  were  captured  and  paroled  — Privates 
F.  Follett  of  Company  D and  John  Eichler  of  Company  F.  Corporal  Emil 
Burchard  of  Company  H was  captured  by  guerrillas  at  Holly  Springs.  Private 
S.  D.  L.  Baldwin  of  Company  B was  discharged  Oct.  13,  1862,  at  St.  Louis. 
George  A.  Clarke,  sick  at  Holly  Springs  since  Dec.  23,  1862.  James  C.  Edson, 
acting  major  of  regiment  since  Oct.  8,  1862. 

J.  E.  Tourtellotte, 
Lieutenant  Colonel,  Commanding  Regiment. 


Following  is  a list  of  sick  and  wounded,  as  reported  in  hos- 
pitals during  the  months  of  October,  November  and  Decem- 
ber, 1862,  page  363,  Adjutant  General’s  Report: 

Company  A.  — At  Keokuk,  James  Hare  and  Thomas  Anderson;  at  Jefferson 
Barracks  Hospital,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Alfred  H.  Smith,  Henry  H.  Wise,  Nels  P. 
Peterson;  at  General  Hospital,  St.  Louis,  Calvin  R.  Fix;  at  New  House  of 
Refuge,  St.  Louis,  John  W Frazee,  Linus  J.  Lee. 

Company  B.~ At  Quincy,  111.,  James  A.  McClairy,  J.  Burrows,  F.  W. 
Hanscom;  at  Keokuk,  Corp.  Wm.  Knable,  Edward  Ziebarth;  at  Jefferson  Bar- 
racks, James  K.  Cochran,  W.  W.  Getchell,  C.  G.  Mickel;  at  New  House  of 
Refuge,  Joseph  Heck,  Thomas  Ellsworth,  Ole  Nelson;  at  Benton  Barracks, 
Sergt.  S.  D.  Dammon. 

Company  C.  — At  Quincy,  111.,  H.  Nickerson,  M.  A.  Bailey,  W.  A.  Bandy; 
at  Jefferson  Barracks,  Thedro  Fish,  Edward  J.  Huntington,  Dow  Rosenberg, 
Chester  K.  Jackson,  John  Asemon,  Andrew  J.  Brown,  Chas.  F.  Putnam;  at 
New  House  of  Refuge,  Thos.  H.  Reeves,  Chas.  M.  Perkins;  at  Benton  Barracks, 
Cyrus  Clough,  E.  D.  MeGillis,  R.  H.  Hardick. 

Company  D.  — At  Quincy,  E.  Reith,  B A.  Plummer;  at  Jefferson  Barracks, 
F.  Y.  De  Coster,  Ross  Workman,  N.  A.  Abell,  Alonzo  Popple;  at  New  House 
of  Refuge,  Thos.  J.  Cadwell. 

Company  E.  — At  Quincy,  Thomas  Agan,  A.  Rosenberg;  at  Jefferson  Bar- 
racks, Joseph  White,  John  Boss,  Second  Lieut.  J.  A.  Goodwin;  at  General  Hos- 
pital, St.  Louis,  G.  W.  Thomas;  at  Good  Samaritan  Hospital,  James  Wilcox; 
at  Keokuk,  John  Cocy. 

Company  F.  — At  Quincy,  F.  L.  Cutler,  O.  F.  Peck;  at  Keokuk,  Corp.  Perry 
H.  Jewitt,  R.  H.  Beebe,  O.  I.  Ellingson,  B.  Habercrom,  J.  O.  Russell. 

Company  G. — At  Quincy,  Sergeant  Charles  Ketchum;  at  Keokuk,  Lorenz 
Steger,  Joel  Taylor,  Sergt.  Wm.  Schelefoo,  George  Rieder,  Patrick  Loftus, 
Andrew  Eichmezer;  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  Matthias  Waldorf;  at  General  Hos- 
pital, John  Fobe;  at  Benton  Barracks,  Lott  Palmer. 

11 


162 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


Company  IJ. — At  Benton  Barracks,  Drum  Maj.  Cornelius  A.  Kelly;  at  Keo- 
kuk, Wm.  Gregory,  Charles  Kelly,  J.  J.  Cobb,  John  Penrith;  at  Jefferson  Bar- 
racks, Gustave  Johnson,  Nels  P.  Folk;  at  Benton  Barracks,  Peter  Wilson. 

Company  I. — At  Quincy,  F.  Taylor,  M.  R.  Kelly;  at  Keokuk,  C.  Culp,  Peter 
Smith,  Charles  Haley,  A,  Lamont;  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  John  N.  Powers;  at 
New  House  of  Refuge,  Henry  Harper. 

Company  K. — At  Quincy,  A.  C.  Smith;  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  Jonathan  M. 
Milhollin,  S.  M.  Milhollin;  at  New  House  of  Refuge,  Wm.  M.  Milhollin;  at 
Keokuk,  Corp.  George  Mail,  James  Guy,  August  Hagerman. 

January  1st — Thursday. — Marched  sixteen  miles  east  to  La- 
fayette. [Population,  1880,  372.]  Clear  and  very  cold.  Ice  half 
an  inch  thick.  Guarded  a supply  train.  We  are  thirty-one 
miles  east  of  Memphis.  Colonel  Sanborn  left  us  for  St.  Paul 
on  leave  of  absence  to  settle  up  some  business  of  his  as  quarter- 
master general  of  the  state. 

January  2d — Friday. — This  morningas  Colonel  Tourtellotte 
made  his  toilet  he  discovered  that  his  navy  revolver,  put  under 
his  head  as  he  went  to  bed,  was  not  to  be  found.  He  never 
discovered  revolver  or  thief.  [The  colonel  had  our  sympathy, 
for  the  weapon  was  a good  one  and  we  had  sold  it  to  him  a 
short  time  previously. — Ed.]  Marched  to  Germantown  and 
on  after  dark  five  miles  further  to  White’s  Station  [population, 
1880,  50],  nine  miles  from  Memphis.  No  tents.  Rains  hard 
during  the  night  and  everybody  gets  thoroughly  wet.  Marched 
to-day  twenty-one  miles. 

January  3d — Saturday. — Rains  all  da}7  and  all  night.  Get  our 
tents  and  pitch  them  and  are  more  comfortable. 

Headquarters  Seventh  Division,  Left  Wing,  Thirteenth  Army  Corps, 
Department  of  the  Tennessee. 

Colliersville,  Twenty-six  Miles  East  of  Memphis,  Jan.  3,  1863,  12  m. 
Brig.  Gen.  C.  S.  Hamilton,  Commanding  Left  Wing,  La  Grange,  Tenn., 

General  : I have  the  honor  to  report,  that  pursuant  to  your  instructions 

my  division  is  now  posted  on  the  Memphis  & Charleston  railroad  from  Colliers- 
ville to  within  three  miles  of  Memphis.  The  Second  Brigade,  Colonel  Eckley, 
guards  the  road  from  Colliersville  to  Germantown;  the  Third  Brigade,  Colonel 
Boomer,  from  Germantown  to  White’s  Station;  and  the  First  Brigade,  Colonel 
Alexander,  from  the  latter  point  to  crossing  of  the  Pigeon  Roost  road  with  the 
railroad,  three  miles  from  Memphis,  where  I have  established  my  headquarters 
for  the  present.  I am,  very  respectfully,  etc  , 

I.  F.  Qujnby, 

(17,  2,  524.)  Brigadier  General,  Commanding. 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


163 


January  Jth — Sunday. — Move  camp  again.  Company  A is 
posted  on  the  extreme  right.  Got  orders  to  set  up  a stockade. 
Captain  Young  superintends  it  and  Captain  Platt  superintends 
building  another  on  the  left  and  near  to  camp.  Forage  details 
are  busy  and  the  Berkshires  are  shot  down  regardless  of  ex- 
penses, brought  into  camp  whole  or  otherwise  and  then 
skinned.  We  are  having  splendid  foraging.  The  sweet  pota- 
toes are  large,  abundant  and  of  as  fiue  a quality  as  we  ever  saw. 

January  7th — Wednesday. — The  first  train  of  cars  went 
through  from  Memphis  to  Grand  Junction  to-day  with  supplies. 
Our  Sibley  tents  are  limited  in  number  and  consequently 
crowded.  We  have  small  sheet-iron  stoves  in  them  and  from 
twenty  to  twenty-two  men  sleep  in  a teut,  lying  in  a circle 
with  feet  toward  the  stove.  When  a shifting  of  position  is 
necessary,  some  man  calls  out  “ Spoon ! ” when  the  boys  all 
flop  over  and  find  new  holes  for  their  hip  bones.  We  bake 
our  beans  pinery  style.  A hole  is  dug  in  the  ground  — say 
about  two  and  a half  feet  deep — and  a rousing  good  fire  is 
built  in  and  over  it,  until  the  ground  is  pretty  thoroughly 
baked.  The  coals  and  ashes  are  then  removed  at  bedtime 
and  a large  sheet-iron  camp  kettle  full  of  parboiled  beans  and 
a hunk  of  salt  pork  is  introduced  and  covered  up  with  the 
coals  and  ashes  and  dirt  enough  on  top  to  make  the  hole  a hot, 
steaming  oven.  They  are  not  disturbed  until  morning,  when 
the  mass  of  covering  is  removed  and  the  kettle  of  beans  is 
brought  forth  — a “dish  fit  for  the  gods.” 

Headquarters  Department  op  the  Tennessee. 

Memphis,  Tenn.,  Jan.  15,  1863. 

Special  Orders,  No.  15: 

Sixth—  The  divisions  of  Brigadier  General  McArthur,  Brigadier  General 
Logan  and  Brigadier  General  Quinby  are  detached  from  the  command  of  Briga- 
dier General  Hamilton,  and  all  dispositions  made  for  the  maintenance  of  his 
positions  will  be  made  without  reference  to  them. 

Seventh  — General  Quinby’s,  now  guarding  a portion  of  the  road,  will  be  the 
last  division  to  move,  and  while  on  such  duty  will  be  governed  by  instructions 
received  from  General  Hamilton. 

Eleventh — The  divisions  now  commanded,  respectively,  by  Brigadier  Gen- 
erals Quinby,  Logan  and  McArthur  are  designated  to  re-enforce  the  expedition 
operating  down  the  Mississippi  river,  Maj.  Gen.  J.  B.  McPherson  to  command 
the  whole. 


164 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


Twelfth  — Brigadier  General  McArthur’s  division  will  at  once  embark  on 
transports  and  proceed  down  the  river  to  report  to  Major  General  McClernand 
for  orders  until  the  arrival  of  Major  General  McPherson  with  the  remainder  of 
his  command. 

Thirteenth  — Brigadier  General  Logan  will  embark  and  proceed  to  the  same 
destination  as  soon  as  transports  can  be  supplied,  and  General  Quinby  will 
hold  himself  in  readiness  to  move  at  the  shortest  notice. 

Seventeenth  — Troops  designated  to  go  south  will  take  with  them  five 
wagons  to  each  regiment  and  one  to  each  company  of  artillery;  one  wagon,  in 
addition,  to  each  brigade  and  division  commander.  Two  ambulances  will  be 
allowed  to  each  regiment.  The  balance  of  the  trains  will  be  turned  over  to 
such  quartermaster  as  Colonel  Reynolds,  chief  quartermaster,  may  designate 
to  receive  them. 

By  order  of  Maj.  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant.  John  A.  Rawlins, 

Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

January  16th  and  17th — Saturday  and  Sunday. — Heavy  fall 
of  snow,  sixteen  or  seventeen  inches.  A rabbit  ran  through 
camp  to-day  and  the  whole  camp  turned  out  for  a run  after  it. 

January  39th. — Chaplain  A.  S.  Fiske  left  us  to-day,  being 
detailed  as  assistant  superintendent  of  contrabands  at  Mem- 
phis, Tenn. 

Monthly  Returns  for  January,  1863. — Total  enlisted  men,  704;  aggregate, 
742;  last  month,  788;  enlisted  men  present  for  duty,  440;  on  extra  and  detail 
duty,  51;  sick,  43;  total  enlisted  men  present,  534.  Commissioned  officers  present 
fordutv,  21;  extra  and  daily  duty,  2;  sick,  1;  total  present,  25.  Property  — 12 
wagons;  3 ambulances;  1 medicine  wagon;  74  mules;  10  horses. 

Remarks. — James  C.  Edson,  acting  major  since  Oct.  8,  1862.  Capt.  Thomas 
C.  Inman,  in  Minnesota  in  charge  of  drafted  men  since  Oct.  22,  1862.  J.  H. 
Murphy,  acting  division  surgeon,  Seventh  Division,  Seventeenth  Army  Corps, 
since  Oct.  5,  1862.  J.  E.  Tourtellotte, 

Lieutenant  Colonel,  Commanding. 

February  5th — Thursday. — Colonel  Sanborn  returned  to-day 
from  St.  Paul,  where  he  went  on  leave  of  absence  on  January 
1st.  Maj.  A.  E.  Welch  came  from  Minnesota  with  Colonel 
Sanborn.  Major  Welch,  while  in  command  of  the  Third  Min- 
nesota Infantry  at  the  battle  of  Wood  Lake  in  Minnesota  with 
the  Indians,  suffered  a fracture  of  his  leg  by  a gunshot. 

February  7th — Saturday. — The  cars  still  run  through  on  this 
line  to  Grand  Junction.  Our  division  is  stationed  along  the 
road  from  Memphis  to  Germantown,  about  fifteen  miles.  Re- 
ceived orders  to-day  to  march  to  Memphis.  We  started  at  9:30 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


165 


a.  M.  and  marched  about  seven  miles  through  the  snow  to  a 
camp  in  timber  about  two  miles  southeast  of  town.  The  Sev- 
enty-second Illinois  camped  near  to  us. 

February  19th — Thursday. — The  weather  is  disagreeable  and 
it  rains  about  half  the  time,  making  the  roads  very  bad.  The 
smallpox  is  quite  an  epidemic  in  Memphis  and  one  of  our  regi- 
ment was  buried  yesterda}’  who  died  of  it  at  the  hospital. 
Our  surgeons  are  vaccinating  the  men  as  fast  as  they  can. 

While  we  were  encamped  here  outside  of  Memphis  Valen- 
tine Cloherty  of  Company  E deserted.  Val.  was  a character 
in  his  way.  He  w'as  a natural  forager  and  while  we  were 
around  Rienzi  and  Jacinto  scoured  that  whole  region  of  coun- 
try. He  got  a light  one-horse  rig  and  used  to  bring  it  into 
camp  loaded  down  to  the  guards,  selling  the  contents  to  the 
men  when  not  compelled  to  donate  to  the  officers’  mess.  One 
day  he  was  out  and  the  enemy  got  after  him,  captured  his  rig 
and  he  barely  made  his  escape  by  taking  to  the  brush.  Nothing 
daunted,  in  a day  or  two  Valentine  had  another  outfit  and  was 
at  his  old  business.  We  missed  him  out  of  the  regiment  at  his 
desertion,  but  not  more  so  than  our  overcoat  which  we  missed 
at  the  same  time. 

We  have  received  notice  to  be  ready  to  move  soon  and  we 
expect  an  early  departure  south  by  boat.  While  in  camp  here 
near  Memphis,  Joseph  Ullmann,  Isador  Rose,  Major  Lyons,  J. 
R.  Livingston,  Captain  Bell  and  Colonel  Hughitt,  gentlemen 
from  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  gave  the  officers  of  our  regiment  a din- 
ner at  the  Commercial  Hotel  in  Memphis.  [Population  of 
Memphis,  1880,  55,000.] 

Returns  for  the  Month  of  February , 1863. — Enlisted  men  for  duty,  407;  ex- 
tra and  daily  duty,  52;  sick,  64;  in  arrest,  2;  total  enlisted  present,  525.  Com- 
missioned officers  for  duty,  24;  extra  and  daily  duty,  2;  sick,  1;  total  commis- 
sioned present,  27. 

Remarks. — Company  G — Allen  W.  Clark,  captured  and  dropped,  now  pa- 
roled and  exchanged;  joined  Feb.  27,  1863;  and  Valentine  Cloherty  of  Com- 
pany E,  deserted  Feb.  7,  1863,  at  Memphis. 

As  some  of  our  comrades  sometimes  ask:  “ What  became  of 
‘Old  Price?’”  we  will  state,  that  according  to  “War  Records,” 
Maj.  Gen.  Sterling  Price  was,  at  his  own  request,  on  Feb.  27, 


166 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


1863,  relieved  from  duty  in  the  Department  of  the  Mississippi 
and  ordered  to  report  to  Gen.  E.  Kirlry  Smith  in  the  trans- 
Mississippi  Department.  (22,  2,  791.)  He  went  to  Little  Dock, 
Ark. 

Leaving  Memphis. 

March  1 — Sunday. — We  got  orders  on  last  evening  to  march 
this  morning  at  seven  o’clock  into  Memphis,  to  take  passage  on  a 
steamboat.  Our  men  are  all  in  good  spirits  at  the  prospect  of 
active  operations.  The  roads  are  good  this  morning  and  the 
weather  is  delightful.  Lieut.  T.  B.  Hunt  is  acting  as  brigade 
quartermaster  and  Mr.  E.  G.  Covington,  who  was  formerly 
our  citizen  regimental  wagonmaster  and  who  has  recently  been 
acting  as  the  wagonmaster  of  the  division  supply  train,  will 
leave  us  here  at  Memphis,  as  he  intends  to  quit  the  army  and 
go  to  his  home  in  Minnesota.  We  marched  into  Memphis  at 
11:00  A.  M.,  and  took  up  our  quarters  on  the  steamboat  City  of 
Louisiana,  Companies  A,  B and  E in  the  cabin  and  C with 
others  on  the  hurricane  roof.  This  boat  used  to  be  a first-class 
packet,  hut  is  now  fitted  up  to  convey  troops.  Mr.  Thomas 
C.  Shapleigh,  our  sutler,  left  us  here  at  Memphis,  and  will  not 
accompany  us  any  more. 

Marched — Monday. — Last  night  Johnson  Colter  of  Com- 
pany I,  our  color  sergeant,  and  Captain  Lueg  of  Company  G, 
fell  off  the  boat  into  the  river.  Lueg  vras  got  out  some  dis- 
tance below,  but  Colter  drowned. 

March  3d — Tuesday. — At  4:00  p.  m.  we  started  down  the  river 
with  the  rest  of  the  fleet.  Arrived  at  Helena,  sixty  miles 
below,  at  11:00  P.  m.  Cool  and  cloudy. 

March  4-th — Wednesday. — We  started  early  this  morning. 
Passed  Napoleon  [population,  1880,  50],  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Arkansas  river,  at  8:30  A.  m.,  and  arrived  at  Woodfork’s  or 
Woodbury’s  Landing,  or  Bundle’s  Bend  [population,  1880, 
125],  La.  This  place,  or  rather  point  on  the  river,  is  three 
hundred  miles  below  Memphis,  on  the  west  side  of  the  river, 
three  miles  from  the  Louisiana  state  line,  about  twenty  above 
Lake  Providence  and  seventy-five  above  Vicksburg.  As  Bayou 
Macon  is  hut  a short  distance  (four  miles)  from  here,  and 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  YOLUNTEERS. 


167 


as  Colonel  BisselPs  engineer  regiment  of  the  West  is  here 
(First  Missouri  Engineer  Regiment),  and  as  this  bayou  empties 
into  Red  river,  Bissell’s  men  are  here  to  see  if  a channel  can- 
not be  opened  into  it  to  get  below  or  around  Vicksburg.  We 
unloaded  the  boat  at  3:00  p.  m.  and  marched  half  a mile  back 
from  the  river,  where  we  remained  all  night  without  tents. 

March  5th  — Thursday. — In  the  night  we  had  a very  hard 
storm.  There  is  too  much  water  to  do  anything.  We  pitched 
our  tents.  A fine  day. 

March  6th — Friday. — We  had  a severe  rainstorm  last 
night  again,  which  wet  through  our  tents,  soaking  everybody 
in  camp.  This  landing  is  also  called  Grand  Lake,  Ark. 

March  7th  — Saturday. — Embarked  again  on  the  City  of 
Louisiana  and  started  up  the  river  at  11:00  A.  M.,  Company  B 
being  on  the  roof.  We  ran  very  slow  as  we  have  a hay  boat  in 
tow.  We  laid  up  at  1:00  A.  M.  The  wind  blew  hard  to-day  and 
to-night  it  rains.  We  made  our  bed  with  a comrade,  our 
heads  being  under  the  projecting  floor  of  the  Texas.  Soon 
after  we  had  got  to  sleep  a sudden  rush  of  water  into  our  com- 
fortable bed  admonished  us  that  something  was  wrong.  We 
found  that  the  water  pipe,  which  we  had  not  before  noticed, 
had  been  plugged  up  with  dirt,  and  the  accumulated  water 
having  opened  a passage  it  discharged  enough  into  our  bed  to 
give  us  a good  drenching. 

March  8th — Sunday. — Started  early.  Passed  Napoleon, 
Ark.,  at  11:00  a.  m.  Pleasant  day,  but  we  have  a strong  head- 
wind. We  laid  up  at  night. 

March  9th — Monday. — Stopped  at  9:00  a.  m.  at  the  fleet  and 
sandbar  in  Arkansas,  five  miles  below  Helena,  in  sight  of 
the  town  and  about  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Yazoo  Pass. 
Disembarked  and  camped.  Clear  and  warm.  Two  hundred 
miles  to  Bundle’s  Bend. 

March  10th — Tuesday. — It  rained  all  day  and  nearly  all  night. 

March  11th — Wednesday. — We  unloaded  our  baggage  upon 
the  shore.  A fine  day.  Our  fleet  here  at  the  sandbar  con- 
sists of  the  following  named  boats:  Superior  (flagboat  of 

General  Quiuby),  Dickey,  City  of  Louisiana,  Von  Phul,  J.  C. 
Swan  (our  commissary  of  subsistence  boat),  latan,  Tecumseh, 


168 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


Brazil,  Lady  Jackson,  Anglo-Saxon,  R.  Campbell  Jr.,  Tigress, 
Platt  Valley,  Gladiator  and  General  Anderson.  We  are  wait- 
ing here  for  smaller  boats  to  take  us  down  the  pass. 

March  13th — Embarked  on  the  steamer  J.  S. 
Pringle,  a double  stern-wheel  boat.  part  of  a battery  of 
light  artillery  is  also  on  hoard.  Clear  and  warm.  Colonel 
Sanborn,  with  brigade  headquarters,  is  also  on  our  boat.  We 
have  thirty  days’  rations,  and  our  boats  on  the  expedition  are 
the  Prima  Donna  (on  which  General  Quinby  has  his  headquar- 
ters), Duke  of  Argyle,  General  Anderson,  Lady  Jackson,  Em- 
pire City  and  J.  S.  Pringle,  with  the  gunboats  Baron  De  Kalb 
and  No.  2 tinclad.  The  method  of  transporting  the  troops  on 
this  expedition  was  unique  and  deserves  a passing  notice.  The 
wagons  and  stores  were  placed  in  the  hold.  Then  all  of  the 
mules  and  horses,  the  headquarters’  roan  cow  (some  will  doubt- 
less remember  her  and  the  unaccountable  way  she  had  of  fall- 
ing overboard)  and  the  artillery  were  all  crowded  on  the  boiler 
or  engine  deck.  Next,  just  above  the  animals,  was  rigged  a 
staging  covered  with  loose  boards  which  allowed  free  ventila- 
tion from  below.  Four  of  our  companies  (we  think  A,  F,  I and 
C)  were  quartered  in  that  cramped  place,  about  four  feet  high. 
The  aroma  was  something  indescribable,  and  at  night  when  all 
was  still  and  the  silence  could  be  almost  felt  the  music  of  those 
mules  was  demoniacal  and  anything  but  soothing  to  one’s 
nerves. 

March  14-th  — Saturday. — Started  across  the  river  and  went 
through  where  a ditch  had  been  cut  from  the  river  across 
the  levee  by  our  forces.  The  river  was  very  high  and  there 
was  a fall  of  eight  and  one-half  feet  in  the  levee,  through 
which  the  water  flowed  with  great  swiftness,  so  much  so  that  we 
could  not  keep  steerage-way  on  the  boat.  Immediately  after 
leaving  the  river  we  had  to  turn  at  almost  a right  angle.  Be- 
fore we  could  make  this  turn  we  were  forced,  side  on,  to  the 
bank  with  a force  that  made  things  jingle,  doing  no  harm, 
however.  We  then  followed  what  appeared  to  be  a lane  of 
water,  with  trees  on  each  side  which  were  submerged  to  the 
height  of  fifteen  or  twenty  feet,  and  as  the  current  was  exceed- 
ingly swift  the  steamer  seemed  to  be  almost  completely  at  its 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


169 


mercy,  first  striking-  the  trees  on  one  side,  which,  fortunately, 
would  spring,  so  that  the  blow  was  broken;  then  the  trees 
bending  like  whips,  she  would  rebound  to  the  other  side.  The 
pilot  turned  pale,  the  troops  were  almost  breathless.  After 
going  about  a mile  we  shot  into  Moon  lake,  where  we  had 
quiet  sailing  for  about  five  miles  before  we  came  to  the  pass, 
and  all  took  a long  breath.  Hailed  some  soldiers  to  know 
where  the  mouth  of  the  Yazoo  Pass  out  of  the  lake  was. 
Found  the  hole.  Tried  to  get  in  and  could  not.  Too  much 
cross  current  and  wind.  Tied  up  for  the  night.  The  steamer 
Empire  City  came  up  with  the  Seventy-second  Illinois  on  board. 
The  men  went  to  blackguarding  each  other  and  both  regiments 
got  nearly  fighting  mad,  when  the  officers  put  a stop  to  it. 
The  blackguardism  consisted  mostly  in  imitating  the  commands 
of  Colonel  Starring  of  the  Seventy-second,  who  had  been  a 
cadet  at  West  Point  and  had  learned  to  draw  out  his  com- 
mands, as  “ H-a-l-t ! ” etc. 

March  loth — Sunday. — Tried  two  or  three  times  and  at  last 
we  got  into  the  pass.  It  was  barely  wide  enough  to  let  the 
boat  in  and  was  very  crooked.  The  engineer  corps  were  at 
work  at  the  mouth  with  scaffolds  and  saws  that  operated  hori- 
zontally under  water,  sawing  the  trees  off  several  feet  below 
the  surface.  We  ran  ten  miles.  Trees  overhung  the  stream 
and  it  was  very  difficult  to  navigate.  The  pass  would  average 
about  eighty  feet  in  width.  It  is  called  fifteen  miles  from  Moon 
lake  to  the  junction  of  the  pass  with  the  Coldwater  river. 

March  16th  — Monday. — The  rivets  were  punched  out  of  the 
smokestack  on  our  boat  and  the  pipes  were  taken  off  about 
even  with  the  hurricane  roof.  The  stacks  on  some  of  the  boats 
were  hinged  and  on  these  the}-  were  laid  back,  but  ours  had  to 
be  cut  off  to  allow  the  boat  to  pass  under  the  limbs  of  the  trees 
that  overhung  the  stream.  The  smoke  blackens  us  all  up. 
Those  of  us  on  the  hurricane  roof  have  to  keep  a sharp  look- 
out for  falling  limbs.  As  the  boat  was  in  the  tree-tops  some  of 
the  men  got  struck  and  hurt  by  them.  A large,  dead  syca- 
more tree  fell  across  the  bow  of  the  boat,  striking  the  wheels  of 
a battery  wagon,  and  they  broke  through  the  deck.  It  knocked 
one  man  overboard  and  injured  two  others.  It  came  very  near 


170 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


sending  us  to  the  bottom  into  fully  fifty  feet  of  water.  We 
struck  one  tree  that  broke  the  guards  all  in  as  far  as  the  hull 
of  the  boat  and  ripped  them  off  clean  for  several  feet,  knock- 
ing several  guns  overboard.  The  railings  and  the  “ gingerbread 
fixings  ” are  all  torn  off.  The  exhaust  pipes  are  knocked  off, 
and  the  men  utilize  the  steam  in  cooking  by  holding  their  long- 
handled  frying  pans  over  it.  Occasionally  a full  head  of  steam 
is  required  for  a stroke  or  two,  when  the  pans  would  be  thrown 
violently  up  and  their  contents  go  half  way  across  the  boat, 
amid  shouts  and  laughter.  Some  of  the  Seventy-second  Illi- 
nois boys  nailed  pieces  of  bacon  and  crackers  and  barrel  heads 
to  the  trees,  after  writing  messages  on  them.  We  worked  hard 
all  day  and  only  went  one  mile.  The  captain  of  the  boat  kept 
calling  almost  constantly  to  Dan,  the  pilot,  “Stop  her,  Dan!” 
“Back  her!”  “Give  her  a turn  back  on  the  starboard 
wheel!”  and  similar  orders.  We  had  to  run  out  lines  fore  and 
aft  and  fasten  them  to  trees  to  prevent  the  current  from  mak- 
ing a wreck  of  our  craft  by  driving  it  against  the  trees. 

March  17 th — Tuesday. — We  came  up  to  the  other  boats  and 
got  off  three  horses  at  a farmhouse.  Clear  aud  warm.  We 
left  one  side  of  a field  in  the  morning  and  tied  up  at  night  on 
the  other  side  of  it.  We  went  a little  over  a mile.  The  farm- 
house we  stopped  at  to-day,  a pretty  little  white  house  with 
green  blinds,  near  the  levee,  was  Alcorn’s,  afterwards  United 
States  Senator  and  Governor  of  Mississippi.  In  looking  across 
the  field,  or  in  almost  any  direction,  boats  can  he  seen,  the 
stream  is  so  crooked,  and  we  cannot  tell  whether  they  are 
before  or  behind  us. 

March  18th — Wednesday. — Got  into  the  Coidwater  river  at 
2:00  p.  M.,  having  made  eighteen  miles  in  a little  less  than  five 
days.  We  went  one  mile  and  got  off  to  clean  the  boat. 
Camped  over  night.  Clear  and  warm.  The  Coidwater  is  from 
one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet  wide. 

March  19th — Thursday. — Got  on  the  boat  in  the  morning 
and  started  down  the  river,  which  was  not  much  better  than 
the  pass.  Thomas  Lameroux  of  Company  H was  hit  in  the 
face  to-day  by  a limb  and  his  cheek  bones  and  nose  were 
broken.  Had  guards  on  the  decks  to  look  out  for  rebels,  but 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


171 


saw  none.  We  heard  heavy  cannonading  to-day  from  a long 
distance  south.  It  is  Admiral  Porter’s  gunboats  down  on 
Steel  Bayou,  or  the  Sunflower,  trying  a passage  by  that  route. 
At  night  we  sent  up  skyrockets  to  attract  General  Sherman’s 
and  Admiral  Porter’s  attention. 

March  20th — Friday. — We  met  a gunboat  to-day  that  had 
been  fired  into,  four  men  being  killed.  It  is  175  miles  from 
where  we  are  to-day  to  Fort  Pemberton.  We  can  run  now 
about  twenty  miles  a day,  and  we  lay  up  of  nights.  The 
whole  country  is  overflowed. 

March  21st  — Saturday. — We  got  into  the  Tallahatchie  river 
to-day.  Saw  bales  of  cotton  on  fire  floating  down  the  river. 

March  22d — Sunday. — Met  Ross’  division  coming  up  last 
night  from  Fort  Pemberton.  They  turned  and  went  down 
with  us.  Luke  Marcile  of  Company  B is  one  of  the  nurses 
in  our  regimental  hospital.  The  Tallahatchie  is  from  one  hun- 
dred and  thirty  to  one  hundred  and  eighty  feet  wide. 

March  23cl — Monday. — We  arrived  at  a point  about  two 
miles  above  the  junction  of  the  Tallahatchie  and  Yellowbusha 
rivers,  which  together  form  the  Yazoo,  and  at  the  junction  of 
which  is  located  Fort  Pemberton  and  the  town  of  Greenwood. 
[Population  of  Greenwood,  1880,  375.]  It  is  about  225  miles 
front  Moon  lake  to  Fort  Pemberton.  We  are  on  Clark’s  plan- 
tation. 

March  21f.th  — Tuesday. — We  get  off  the  boat  and  camp  over 
night  in  a field  of  old  dead  trees.  Hard  storm  in  the  night 
and  the  trees  and  limbs  were  falling  all  night.  Some  horses 
were  killed  by  the  trees.  [Sly  says:  “I  went  back  to  the 

river  and  sat  up  all  night.  Rain.”]  Had  some  skirmishing 
with  the  rebels  and  took  two  prisoners.  Companies  A,  E, 
I and  H go  out  and  reconnoiter  the  position  of  the  enemy,  but 
are  not  engaged. 

March  26th  — Thursday. — Another  reconnaissance  in  force 
is  ordered,  and  the  Fourth  Minnesota,  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  and 
Seventy-second  Illinois  are  ordered  for  that  duty.  They  move 
out  two  or  three  miles  and  draw  the  fire  of  the  enemy,  but  do 
not  return  it.  The  only  loss  was  the  cap  of  one  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  staff,  which  was  deposited  as  a memorial  of  our 


172 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


visit,  while  the  enemy  kept  yelling  to  him  to  “Hold  up!”  as 
the}’  wanted  to  form  his  acquaintance.  But  he  had  no  time  to 
spare  and  in  a recent  letter  says  that  he  thinks  that  the  cap  is 
still  there.  After  several  futile  reconnaissances  the  expedition 
was  given  up.  The  water  is  so  high  that  our  troops  cannot  get 
to  the  enemy.  Captain  Donaldson  of  Company  C has  charge 
of  the  grand  guard  opposite  the  river  from  Fort  Pemberton, 
and  they  hold  frequent  conversations  with  the  enemy’s  pickets. 

Returns  for  the  Month  of  March,  1863. — Enlisted  men  for  duty,  397;  extra  and 
daily  duty,  49;  sick,  56;  total  enlisted  men  present,  502.  Commissioned  offi- 
cers present,  21;  extra  and  daily  duty,  2;  sick,  2;  total  commissioned  officers 
present,  25.  Total  enlisted  present  and  absent,  674;  aggregate,  713;  last  re- 
turn, 727. 

Remarks.  — From  Woodfork’s  Landing  proceeded  up  the  river  to  a point  two 
(?)  miles  below  Helena,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Yazoo  Pass,  and  encamped 
on  a sandbar  twelve  inches  above  the  level  of  the  river.  Left  with  the  rest  of 
our  brigade  down  the  pass.  On  the  twenty-third  reached  the  camp  of  General 
Ross’  division  on  the  Tallahatchie,  eight  miles  above  its  mouth.  On  the 
twenty-fifth  the  regiment  encamped  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  one  mile 
above  the  camp  of  Ross’  division,  and  distant  from  the  rebel  Fort  Pemberton 
two  and  a half  miles.  Company  A — Ephraim  Tipton,  died  of  disease  Feb.  16, 
1863,  at  Memphis,  Tenn.  Company  B — John  P.  Parson,  discharged  for  disa- 
bility March  3,  1863,  at  Memphis,  Tenn.  Company  B — Thomas  Ellsworth, 
discharged  Jan.  28,  1863,  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Company  H — Pearl  Otis,  joined 
the  regiment  March  1,  1863,  at  Memphis,  Tenn.  Company  I — Moses  Norris, 
joined  the  regiment  March  30,  1863,  at  Tallahatchie  river;  was  captured  at 
Iuka,  Sept.  19,  1862.  Thomas  B.  Hunt,  absent  acting  as  quartermaster  First 
Brigade,  Seventh  Division,  since  Oct.  5,  1862.  William  F.  Wheeler,  absent  on 
Hamilton’s  staff  since  June  24,  1862.  L.  B.  Martin,  on  detached  service  on 
General  Buford’s  staff  since  Sept.  1,  1862. 

April  3d — Friday. — The  enemy  shelled  our  forces  and  our 
gunboats  replied  vigorously. 

April  4-th— Saturday. — Loaded  our  teams  and  camp  equi- 
page on  the  steamers. 

April  5th  — Sunday. — Started  up  the  river  last  night  on  the 
same  boats,  the  Fourth  on  the  Pringle  and  Company  A in  its 
old  position  above  the  mules.  Can  make  more  headway  going 
up  than  down. 

April  7th — Tuesday. — Passed  the  steamer  Tishomingo  head- 
ed into  the  timber,  badly  disabled  and  apparently  abandoned. 
We  first  saw  her  at  Galena  in  1856,  as  an  upper-river  boat,  and 
the  huge  Indian  painted  on  the  sides  of  her  wheelhouses  looked 
like  an  old  acquaintance. 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


173 


April  8th — Wednesday. — Arrived  at  the  pass  and  started  up. 
Clear.  The  water  has  fallen  a good  deal  and  the  signs  nailed 
on  the  trees  are  ten  feet  above  our  heads. 

April  10th  — Friday. — Arrived  at  the  Mississippi  river  and 
crossed  to  our  old  camp  on  the  sandbar.  Disembarked  and 
went  into  camp.  Clear  and  warm.  Distance  down  to  Fort 
Pemberton  and  back,  about  four  hundred  miles. 

April  lltli  and  12th  — Saturday  and  Sunday. — The  boys  are 
washing  and  boiling  their  clothes  and  cleaning  up  generally. 

April  13tli — Monday. — Our  quartermaster,  Lieut.  T.  B. 
Hunt,  has  been  promoted  to  captain  and  assistant  quarter- 
master, and  left  us  to-day  for  the  north. 

The  Pass  Expedition. 

The  Yazoo  Pass  expedition  was  one  of  the  schemes  resorted 
to  after  Sherman’s  disastrous  defeat  at  Chickasaw  Bayou  to 
kill  time,  keep  the  army  busy  during  the  winter  of  1863  and 
endeavor  to  get  a foothold  on  terra  firma  near  to  Vicksburg. 
Grant  consulted  freely  with  all  who  could  render  information 
about  the  practicability  of  these  schemes.  General  Gorman  was 
in  command  at  Helena  and  Lieut.  C.  K.  Davis  (since  Governor 
of  Minnesota)  was  an  aid  upon  his  staff.  AVe  cop}’  the  fol- 
lowing, clipped  from  a newspaper,  as  his  experience: 

I happened  to  be  present  on  one  occasion  when  he  was  taking  the  opinions 
of  several  officers,  whether  a canal  should  be  cut  from  the  Mississippi  river  into 
Moon  lake,  a sheet  of  water  in  the  State  of  Mississippi  about  six  miles  below 
Helena  and  only  a few  hundred  feet  from  the  great  river.  The  plan  was  to  run 
steamboats  and  gunboats  through  this  cut  into  the  lake  and  thence  by  a river 
which  had  its  source  in  the  lake  into  the  Yazoo,  thus  taking  Vicksburg  in  the 
rear.  General  Grant  sat  through  a long  discussion  for  and  against  the  operation 
without  saying  a word.  No  statue  could  have  been  less  expressive.  He  did 
not  seem  to  me  to  be  even  interested.  When  all  had  talked  to  their  content,  he 
said  quietly,  “Well,  you  can  cut  the  ditch.”  The  result  was  the  passage  of  an 
armament  through  that  network  of  streams  until  it  brought  up  against  Fort 
Pemberton,  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers  which  form  the  Yazoo. 

The  cut  was  made  on  the  second  of  February,  1863.  The 
first  troops  left  ITelena,  Feb.  24,  1863,  and  consisted  of  Gen.  L. 
F.  Ross’  division  of  McClernand’s  and  two  regiments  of  Sher- 
man’s corps,  about  four  thousand  five  hundred  men,  on  eighteen 


174 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


transports,  accompanied  by  the  heavy  ironclads  Chillicothe 
(Captain  Foster)  and  the  Baron  Be  Kalb  (Captain  Walker),  four 
or  five  tiuclads  and  a mortar  barge,  and  passing  through  Moon 
lake  confronted  Fort  Pemberton  on  the  eleventh  of  March.  On 
the  twelfth  the  ironclads  opened  their  bow  guns.  A shot  from 
the  fort  soon  jammed  the  port  shutters  of  the  Chillicothe  so 
they  could  not  be  opened  and  she  was  compelled  to  withdraw 
for  repairs.  She  returned  on  the  thirteenth  and  the  action  was 
resumed,  when  a solid  shot  entered  a port-hole,  exploded  a 
shell  and  killed  several  men.  On  the  twentieth  Ross’  command 
and  the  navy  started  back  up  the  river. 

Embarked  again  on  the  J.  S.  Pringle  and  started  down  the 
Mississippi  river.  Clear  and  warm.  Had  a hard  storm  at 
night  which  blew  the  boat  into  the  trees  at  the  mouth  of  the 
White  river  and  broke  the  wheel.  Tried  to  anchor  and  it 
would  not  hold.  Passed  three  gunboats.  Rain. 

April  — Tuesday. — Lay  tied  to  the  trees  until  the  wheel 

was  fixed.  The  Empire  City  tried  to  get  our  anchor  but  lost 
it.  Started  down  the  river  at  ten  o’clock.  Passed  Napoleon 
and  tied  up  at  night.  Rain  and  chilly. 

April  15th  — Wednesday . — Arrived  at  Lake  Providence  [popu- 
lation, 1880,  1,100]  at  eight  o’clock.  The  levee  was  cut  and  a 
furious  stream  of  water  was  running  through  the  village.  Left 
at  ten  o’clock  and  went  down  to  Milliken’s  Bend,  La.,  to-day. 
Large  fleet  of  boats  here  and  large  camp.  Warm.  Milliken’s 
Bend  [population,  1880;  225]  is  twenty  miles  above  Vicksburg 
and  three  hundred  miles  below  Helena. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


Running  the  Vicksburg  Batteries;  Names  of  the  Boats;  Particulars  from  Both 
Sides;  Brilliant  Description  by  a Lady  in  Vicksburg — Organizing  Freed- 
men  as  Soldiers — Adjutant  General  Thomas’  Speech  to  Us — Officers  Com- 
missioned ; Extra  Dangerous  Service — More  Boats  Run  by  the  Batteries — 
We  March  from  the  Bend — High  Water;  Deep  Mud — Fourteen  Span  of 
Horses  Pulling  a Caisson — Gunboats  Bombard  Grand  Gulf  and  Run  by 
Those  Batteries — Battle  of  Port  Gibson;  Troops  Engaged — Leave  Our 
Tents  and  Teams  at  Smith’s  Plantation— Cross  the  Mississippi  River — 
Form  in  Support  of  McClernand’s  Troops;  then  March  to  Port  Gibson — 
Battle  of  Forty  Hills — Hankinson’s  Ferry — Support  Logan’s  Troops  at 
Raymond — Corn  in  the  Ear — Living  Off  the  Country — Borrow  a Cigar 
Factory  at  Clinton — Battle  of  Jackson — March  for  Vicksburg — Battle  of 
Champion’s  Hill. 

April  16th — Thursday. — Disembarked  and  camped  inside  of 
the  levee.  Very  hot.  We  expect  to  get  our  pay  in  a day  or 
two.  Our  men  are  getting  sick  very  fast.  It  is  said  that 
Smith’s  division,  to  which  the  Fifth  Minnesota  belongs,  left 
here  yesterday,  and  Hovey’s  is  leaving  to-day  by  the  over- 
land route  to  the  river  below.  W e saw  Fred  Grant  to-day  riding 
a pony  among  the  camps  with  a uniform  on.  He  appeared  to 
be  about  twelve  years  old.  Went  down  below  camp  on  the 
river  and  saw  some  men  of  Logan’s  division  putting  bales  of 
hay  around  the  boilers  of  some  of  the  steamboats  to  protect 
them  while  running  the  batteries.  So  many  of  the  boys  want 
to  go  on  the  boats  and  make  the  passage  of  the  forts  that  a 
guard  has  been  placed  around  them  to  keep  them  off. 

The  steamboat  Henry  Von  Phul,  General  Grant’s  head- 
quarters boat,  is  anchored  out  in  the  middle  of  the  river  and 
the  general’s  family  is  on  board. 

Running  the  Batteries. 

April  17tli — Friday. — Last  night  it  ivas  intensely  dark  and 
the  steamboats  ran  the  batteries  at  Vicksburg.  The  can- 
nonading could  be  plainly  heard  at  the  camp  and  the 
heavens  were  lit  up  brilliantly  until  the  feat  was  accom- 


176 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


plished.  At  ten  o’clock  Admiral  Porter  gave  the  signal  from 
the  flagship  Benton  and  she  started,  followed  by  the  gunboats 
Lafayette  (with  a barge  of  coal  and  the  General  Price  — a 
wooden  ram  captured  some  months  before  at  Memphis  — 
lashed  to  her),  Louisville,  Mound  City,  Pittsburgh  and  Caron- 
delet.  These  gunboats  were  followed  by  the  transports  Forest 
Queen,  Silver  Wave  and  Henry  Clay.  These  were  all  tow- 
ing barges,  and  the  boats  and  barges  were  all  loaded  with 
coal  and  other  supplies.  The  gunboat  Tuscumbia  brought  up 
the  rear.  At  ten  minutes  to  eleven  the  Benton  rounded  the 
point  above  the  batteries. 

General  Sanborn  says: 

No  difficulty  was  met  in  obtaining  volunteers  to  undertake  the  hazardous 
task  of  acting  as  pilots,  engineers  and  firemen  upon  these  frail  crafts  that  were 
to  be  run  by  these  heavy  batteries.  A few  had  doubts  and  misgivings.  A 
request  for  volunteers  was  sent  to  all  the  division  commanders  and  was  read  to 
each  regiment  at  its  dress  parade.  The  volunteers  were  requested  to  report  at 
division  headquarters.  Quite  a large  number  reported  from  the  Seventh 
Division. 

As  the  gunboats  and  transports  laden  with  supplies  were  about  to  start,  a 
large  number  of  other  transports  were  filled  with  officers  and  started  down 
the  river  to  a point  that  would  be  just  beyond  the  reach  of  the  rebel  batteries 
to  see  the  venturous  fleet  off  on  its  perilous  voyage.  So  long  a time  elapsed 
after  they  parted  company  from  their  visitors  that  the  hope  began  to  be 
indulged  that  they  would  run  past  the  batteries  without  being  seen  at  all,  for 
there  was  no  moon,  the  night  was  one  of  intense  darkness,  there  was  not  a 
glimmer  of  light  upon  any  gunboat  or  transport;  they  moved  along  silently 
and  sullenly  in  the  darkness,  which  was  intense.  But  suddenly,  almost  as  if  by 
a flash  of  electricity,  the  whole  heavens  and  earth  were  illuminated;  fires 
blazed  in  every  direction;  the  batteries  opened  from  every  point,  while  the 
gunboats  responded  with  equal  vigor,  and  the  heavens  seemed  ablaze,  while 
earth  and  river  shook.  An  hour  or  two  passed,  and  the  rockets  sent  up  by  the 
fleet  below  were  read  to  mean  that  the  gunboats  had  all  run  past  safely  and 
that  but  one  transport  had  been  sunk  — the  Henry  Clay. 

It  was  sixteen  minutes  past  eleven  when  the  first  gun  was 
fired  from  the  bluffs  by  the  enemy  and  Admiral  Porter  re- 
sponded at  once  from  the  Benton.  The  enemy  set  fire  to  the 
railroad  buildings  across  the  river  in  De  Soto  and  built  fires 
along  the  river  banks  to  light  up  the  stream.  The  vessels 
drifted  with  the  current,  which  at  times  carried  some  of  the 
boats  in  its  eddies  back  and  forth,  thus  delaying  their  prog- 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


177 


ress.  The  gunboats  continued  their  fire.  At  about  twenty 
minutes  past  twelve  the  boats  arrived  opposite  the  courthouse. 
The  Forest  Queen  was  disabled  by  a shot,  and  after  drifting 
some  distance  was  taken  in  tow  by  the  Tuscumbia.  The  Henry 
Clay  was  set  on  fire  by  a shell  and  burned,  and  at  about  two 
o’clock  the  fleet  was  moored  at  Hard  Times  Landing,  about  three 
miles  above  Grand  Gulf.  In  running  by  the  batteries  Admiral 
Porter  kept  his  gunboats  near  the  Vicksburg  shore,  while  the 
transports  ran  close  to  the  Louisiana  side  of  the  river.  Joseph 
Montoure  of  Company  K of  our  regiment  states  that  he  acted 
as  engineer  of  one  of  these  steamboats  that  ran  by  the  batteries. 

Admiral  Porter  says  in  his  “Incidents  of  the  Civil  War:” 

When  the  Benton  had  passed  all  danger  we  still  continued  to  drift  on.  The 
cannon  were  yet  booming  and  fire  was  apparently  issuing  from  a dozen  burn- 
ing vessels.  It  might  have  answered  for  a picture  of  the  infernal  regions.  We 
were  an  hour  and  a half  in  passing  the  batteries,  which  extended  along  the 
river  for  about  four  miles.  I could  not  stop  to  ascertain  what  damage  had 
been  done  to  the  other  vessels,  as  I had  to  keep  moving  to  make  way  for  those 
behind  me.  The  sound  of  guns  gradually  decreased  as  the  vessels  passed  the 
batteries  and  then  all  was  silent.  The  fires  had  burned  out  and  the  river  had 
returned  to  its  former  obscurity.  I came  to  anchor  around  a point  and  in  ten 
minutes  the  gunboats  began  to  come  in  sight,  one  after  another,  in  the  same 
order  in  which  they  had  started,  anchoring  in  line  under  the  stern  of  the  Ben- 
ton. Bunches  of  cotton  still  ablaze  and  burning  fragments  of  the  wreck  of  the 
Henry  Clay  continued  to  come  down  with  the  current. 

None  were  killed  and  but  eight  wTere  wounded  on  the  gun- 
boats. Grant’s  report  (21,  1,  47)  says  that  none  were  injured 
or  killed  on  the  transports. 

We  quote  from  the  diary  of  a lady  [“My  Cave  Life”]  in 
Vicksburg: 

At  night  I was  sleeping  profoundly  when  the  deep  boom  of  the  signal 
cannon  startled  and  awoke  me.  Another  followed,  and  I sprang  from  my  bed, 
drew  on  my  slippers  and  robe  and  went  out  on  the  veranda.  Our  friends 
were  already  there.  The  river  was  illuminated  by  large  fires  on  the- bank,  and 
we  could  discern  plainly  the  huge,  black  masses  floating  down  with  the 
current,  now  and  then  belching  forth  fire  from  their  sides,  followed  by  the 
loud  report,  and  we  could  hear  the  shells  exploding  in  the  upper  part  of  town. 
The  night  was  one  of  pitchy  darkness,  and  as  they  neared  the  glare  thrown 
upon  the  river  from  the  large  fires,  the  gunboats  could  be  plainly  seen.  Each 
one  on  passing  the  track  of  the  brilliant  light  on  the  water  became  a target  for 
the  land  batteries.  We  could  hear  the  gallop  in  the  darkness  of  couriers  upon 
12 


178 


HISTOKY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


the  paved  streets;  we  could  hear  the  voices  of  the  soldiers  upon  the  river  side, 
the  rapid  firing  of  the  boats,  the  roar  of  the  Coufederate  batteries;  aud  above 
all,  the  screaming,  booming  sound  of  tbe  shells  as  they  exploded  in  the  air  and 
around  the  city  made  at  once  a new  and  fearful  scene  to  me.  The  boats  were 
rapidly  nearing  the  lower  batteries,  and  the  shells  were  beginning  to  fly  un- 
pleasantly near.  My  heart  beat  quickly  as  tbe  flashes  of  light  from  the  port- 
holes seemed  facing  us.  Some  of  the  gentlemen  urged  the  ladies  to  go  down 
into  the  cave  at  the  back  of  the  bouse,  and  insisted  on  my  going,  if  alone. 
While  I hesitated,  fearing  to  remain,  yet  wishing  still  to  witness  the  termina- 
tion of  the  engagement,  a shell  exploded  near  the  side  of  the  house.  Fear 
instantly  decided  me,  and  I ran,  guided  by  one  of  the  ladies,  who  pointed 
down  the  deep  slope  of  the  hill  and  left  me  to  run  back  for  a shawl  While  I 
was  considering  the  best  way  of  descending  the  bill  another  shell  exploded 
near  the  foot  and,  ceasing  to  hesitate,  I flew  down,  half  sliding  and  running. 
Before  I had  reached  the  mouth  of  the  cave,  two  more  exploded  on  the  side  of 
the  hill  near  me.  Breathless  and  terrified,  I found  the  entrance  and  ran  in, 
having  left  one  of  my  slippers  on  the  hillside.  I found  two  or  three  of  our 
friends  had  already  sought  refuge  under  the  earth,  and  we  had  not  been  there 
long  before  we  were  joined  by  tbe  remainder  of  the  party,  who  reported  the 
boats  opposite  the  bouse.  As  I had  again  become  perfectly  calm  and  collected, 
I was  sorry  to  find  myself  fluttered  and  in  a state  of  rapid  heart-beating,  as 
shell  after  shell  fell  in  the  valley  below  us,  exploding  with  a loud,  rumbling 
noise,  perfectly  deafening.  The  cave  was  an  excavation  in  the  earth  the  size 
of  a large  room,  high  enough  for  the  tallest  person  to  stand  perfectly  erect, 
provided  with  comfortable,  seats  and  altogether  quite  a large,  habitable  abode 
(compared  with  some  of  the  caves  in  the  city),  were  it  not  for  the  dampness 
and  the  constant  contact  with  tbe  soft,  earthy  walls.  We  had  remained  but  a 
short  time  when  one  of  the  gentlemen  came  down  to  tell  ns  that  all  danger 
was  over  and  that  we  might  witness  a beautiful  sight  by  going  upon  the  bill, 
as  one  of  the  transports  bad  been  fired  by  a shell  and  was  slowly  floating  down 
as  it  burned.  We  returned  to  the  house  and  from  the  veranda  looked  on  the 
burning  boat,  the  only  one,  so  far  as  we  could  ascertain,  that  had  been  injured, 
the  other  boats  having  all  passed  successfully  by  the  city.  We  remained  on 
the  veranda  an  hour  or  more,  the  gentlemen  speculating  on  the  result  of  the 
successful  run  by  the  batteries.  All  were  astonished  and  chagrined.  It  was 
found  that  very  few  of  the  Confederate  guns  had  been  discharged  at  all. 
Several  reasons  had  been  assigned;  the  real  one  was  supposed  to  have  been 
the  quality  of  the  fuses  that  were  recently  sent  from  Richmond  and  had  not 
been  tried  since  their  arrival.  This  night  of  all  others  they  were  found  to  be 
defective.  The  lurid  glare  from  the  burning  boat  fell  in  red  and  amber  light 
upon  the  house,  the  veranda  and  the  animated  faces  turned  toward  the  river, 
lighting  the  white  magnolias,  paliug  the  pink  crape  myrtles  and  bringing  out 
in  bright  distinctness  the  railing  of  the  terrace,  where  drooped  in  fragrant 
wreaths  the  clustering  passion  vine;  fair  and  beautiful,  but  false,  the  crimson, 
wavering  light!  I sat  and  gazed  upon  tbe  burning  wreck  of  what  an  hour  ago 
had  thronged  with  human  life;  with  men  whose  mothers  had  this  very  night 
prayed  for  them;  with  men  whose  wives  hovered  over  little  beds,  kissing  each 
tender  sleeping  lid  for  the  absent  one.  Had  this  night  made  them  orphans? 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


179 


Did  this  smooth,  deceitful  current  of  the  glowing  waters  glide  over  forms  loved 
and  lost  to  the  faithful  ones  at  home?  Oh,  mother  and  wife!  ye  will  pray  and 
smile  on  until  the  terrible  tidings  come — “Lost  at  Vicksburg!”  Lost  at 
Vicksburg!  In  how  many  a heart  the  name  for  years  will  lie  like  a brand! — 
lie  until  the  warm  heart  and  tried  soul  shall  be  at  peace  forever. 

There  was  a grand  ball,  given  by  Major  Watts  of  the  Con- 
federate army,  in  the  city  this  night,  and  when  the  batteries 
opened  and  the  shells  began  to  explode,  the  unceremonious 
running  to  and  fro  from  that  ballroom  and  the  hasty  retreat 
through  the  streets  in  the  darkness  by  ladies  was  a sight  never 
before  witnessed  in  Vicksburg.  As  a shell  was  heard  coming 
they  would  fall  in  the  dusty  road,  party  dresses  and  all,  lying 
until  the  explosion  took  place.  After  running  about  a mile  in 
the  fewest  moments  possible,  they  stopped  at  the  first  house. 
“If  you  could  have  seen  our  party  dresses  when  we  reached 
home,”  remarked  a lady  afterwards,  “and  our  hair  and  the 
flowers  full  of  dust,  you  would  never  have  forgotten  us.” 

Organizing  Colored  Troops. 

April  17th. — We  quote  the  following  from  a letter  written  at 
this  time: 

To-day,  the  seventeenth,  we  passed  in  review  before  Brig.  Gen.  Lor- 
enzo Thomas,  adjutant  general  of  the  United  States  Army,  who  recently 
came  here  from  Washington.  After  the  review  wasoverour  division  was  formed 
in  a square  by  Colonel  Sanborn,  our  division  commander,  with  Generals  Thomas, 
McPherson,  Colonel  Sanborn  and  several  other  prominent  officers  in  the  centre. 
General  Thomas  said  that  he  had  been  sent  here  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States  to  personally  make  known  to  the  army  the  policy  of  the  government  re- 
garding the  negro  question,  in  order  that  none  may  be  deceived,  and  to  tell  the 
soldiers  all  about  it.  After  mature  deliberation  by  the  best  statesmen  of  this 
country  the  policy  is,  to  arm  the  best  of  them  and  organize  them  into  regiments 
and  to  use  them  to  hold  points  along  the  river  and  in  the  country  and  to  put 
the  rest  to  work  upon  fortifications  and  plantations,  those  upon  the  latter  to  be 
under  responsible  persons  appointed  by  the  President.  He  said  he  had  author- 
ized the  raising  of  one  thousand  artillerists  at  Memphis  and  two  regiments  of 
infantry  at  Helena.  They  have  filled  those  at  Helena  and  have  enough 
more  to  almost  fill  a third.”  He  also  said:  “ I will  give  your  division  the  officers 
for  two  regiments,  and  whoever  the  division  commander  recommends  I will 
commission,  and  I do  not  care  if  they  are  all  private  soldiers,  if  they  are  only 
competent.”  He  also  said:  “ They  at  Washington  were  led  to  believe  that  the 
arming  of  negroes  would  meet  great  opposition  in  the  armies,  especially  in  the 


ISO 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


Western,  but  so  far  I am  happily  disappointed,  as  I have  received  the  en- 
tire support  of  officers  and  men  from  the  highest  down.  • But,”  said  he,  “if  any- 
one opposes  the  action  of  the  government  I have  full  power  to  dismiss  him  from 
the  service,  be  he  whom  he  may.  ’ ’ He  then  asked  for  an  expression  from  the 
crowd,  when  three  cheers  were  given.  Several  other  officers  then  spoke.  Colonel 
Boomer  of  the  Twenty-sixth  Missouri  Infantry  did  not  believe  in  such  a policy, 
but  as  long  as  it  had  been  adopted  he  as  a good  soldier  could  only  obey.  Colonel 
Sanborn  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry  made  a patriotic  speech.  He  be- 
lieved in  the  policy  and  was  surprised  that  the  government  had  not  adopted  it 
long  before.  The  colonel  believed  in  using  any  and  every  honorable  means 
witbiu  our  reach  to  put  down  the  rebellion,  and  if  the  mules  could  only  serve 
with  muskets  he  would  believe  in  arming  them.  After  the  speeches  closed  the 
different  regiments  marched  to  their  camps. 

The  policy  of  organizing  the  freed  men  was  freely  discussed  among  the  men 
and  the  feelings  of  repugnance  that  had  before  been  rife  gave  way,  for  the  men 
would  reason,  “ Why  should  we  not  use  them  to  suppress  the  rebellion  when  we 
have  them  in  such  great  numbers?”  The  enemy  used  them  in  all  ways  except 
to  shoot  guns.  They  drove  the  teams,  built  the  fortifications  and  served  as 
cooks  and  on  extra  and  daily  duty  wherever  their  services  could  be  worked  in 
and  a white  man  with  a gun  in  his  hands  saved  to  their  ranks,  and  we  believe 
that  those  who  served  in  their  military  operations — -without  counting  their 
great  services  as  husbandmen  in  the  fields  — added  at  least  an  hundred  thous- 
and fighting  men  to  the  ranks  of  the  Confederacy.  An  opportunity  was  now  of- 
fered to  men  of  ability  who  were  serving  in  humble  station  in  the  ranks  where 
they  could  achieve  military  honor,  by  making  good,  well-disciplined  soldiers 
of  ignorant  plantation  negroes  who  had  never  had  the  privilege  of  firing  a gun, 
provided  they  would  take  the  risk  of  being  captured  by  the  enemy,  who  we 
all  believed  would  regard  and  treat  all  “niggah  officers”  as  outlaws,  and  as 
soon  as  any  were  taken  prisoners  kill  them  without  judge  or  jury.  It  was 
amusing  to  see  the  change  of  sentiment  among  our  men,  and  as  soon  as  possible 
the  next  day  Colonel  Sanborn  received  four  times  as  many  applications  as 
were  needed.  Several  commissioned  officers  applied  for  positions  and  entered 
this  new  branch  of  the  service,  which  was  at  first  very  unpopular,  and  it  re- 
quired all  of  the  fortitude  we  possessed  to  face  the  prejudice  that  cropped  out 
as  we  began  to  recruit  for  our  companies.  We  persevered,  however,  against  all 
opposition.  I had  men  bearing  celebrated  names  in  my  company:  Jeff.  Davis, 
George  Washington  and  King  Emanuel,  and  we  heard  of  one  in  another  com- 
pany who  was  named  “Paul’s  Pistol  to  the  Feeshuns.”  On  acquiring  their 
freedom  they  generally  adopted  the  names  of  their  favorite  masters.  About  the 
twentieth  of  July  some  of  our  officers  proceeded  to  Natchez  on  a steamboat, 
which  was  placed  at  their  disposal  for  the  purpose,  aud  soon  returned  to  Vicks- 
burg with  a thousand  men. 

We  established  our  regimental  campon  the  bottom  land  immediately  below 
Cline’s  foundry,  and  near  to  the  United  States  Marine  Hospital.  The  tents  of 
the  officers  were  on  the  first  bench,  about  sixty  feet  higher,  and  occupied  a portion 
of  the  ground  used  by  the  enemy  for  his  water  batteries.  These  were  con- 
structed of  earth,  nicely  turfed,  and  mounted  heavy  guns,  eight  and  ten  inch 
Columbiads,  and  had  furnaces  for  heating  solid  shot.  It  was  astonishing  to  us 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


181 


how  any  vessel  could  have  passed  by  them.  The  batteries  extended  along  the 
river  front  a distance  of  three  miles,  and  mounted  thirty-one  pieces  of  heavy 
and  thirteen  of  light  artillery,  and  were  divided  into  three  commands,  the  up- 
per ones  being  on  Fort  Hill  (sky  parlor),  the  centre  on  the  city  front,  and  the 
lower  near  to  Cline’s  foundry. 

As  Pemberton’s  army  was  marching  on  its  way  to  the  Big  Black  river,  it  met 
Capt.  Eugene  Farley  and  Lieut  Joseph  Meyer  [Meyer  was  formerly  from 
Company  G,  Fourth  Minnesota]  of  the  Fiftieth  United  States  Colored  Infantry, 
who  had  been  out  in  the  country  getting  colored  recruits  and  were  returning  with 
them  to  the  city.  These  officers  had  on  their  shoulder  straps  and  were  at  once 
stopped  and  questioned  by  the  rebels  as  to  their  object  in  getting  negroes  to  go 
with  them  to  the  city;  they  were  accused  of  being  negro  recruiting  officers, 
were  called  the  foulest  epithets  and  threatened  with  instant  death.  “Let’s 

hang  or  shoot  the !”  said  they.  Movements  were  made  to 

execute  their  threats  and  they  only  escaped  with  their  lives  by  the  interference 
of  the  rebel  officers.  If  the  rebel  soldiers  had  had  guns  they  would  have  been 
shot  down  on  the  spot.  On  their  return  to  camp  they  informed  us  that  it  was 
the  most  perilous  incident  of  their  lives.  This  shows  the  animosity  that  existed 
toward  those  officers  by  the  enemy,  and  those  who  were  engaged  in  the  raising 
and  commanding  these  troops  knew  full  well  what  their  treatment  would  be  if 
captured. 

On  the  twenty-seventh  of  July  our  regimental  organization  was  complete. 
The  most  of  our  men  were  from  plantations,  and  not  being  used  to  army  diet 
and  the  river  water,  sickness  soon  began  to  make  fearful  havoc  among  them. 
We  did  not  have  enough  of  medical  help.  The  commanding  general  would  not 
relieve  us  from  performing  fatigue  duties.  Every  man  and  every  officer  who 
was  not  sick  was  on  duty  every  day.  Our  death  rate  soon  began  to  be  appall- 
ing. One  day,  in  our  regiment,  twenty-two  died,  twenty-one  on  another, 
and  on  another  eighteen.  The  dead  were  buried  without  coffins,  in  long,  shal- 
low trenches,  on  the  river  bottom,  about  a mile  or  more  below  the  outskirts  of 
the  city  limits.  It  was  difficult  for  the  surgeons  to  tell  who  the  men  were  and 
to  what  company  they  belonged, — they  all  looked  about  alike  to  them, — and  to 
ascertain  they  tied  a ticket  to  each  man’s  neck  bearing  his  name  and  company. 
In  a few  weeks  after  organizing  the  health  of  the  regiment  improved.  There 
were  in  the  United  States  army  178,895  colored  soldiers  and  of  this  number 
93,441  enlisted  from  the  states  in  rebellion. 

These  troops  were  as  brave  in  battle  as  men  could  be.  The  writer  was  in 
several  engagements  with  them  and  saw  no  cowardice  whatever;  they  faced 
any  and  all  dangers  willingly  and  gladly.  In  the  battle  at  Milliken’s  Bend,  on 
June  7,  1863,  between  about  a thousand  of  our  forces,  consisting  mostly  of 
colored  troops,  and  double  that  number  of  rebels,  General  Dennis  said:  “It  was 
the  hardest  fought  battle  he  had  ever  seen.  It  was  fought  mainly  hand  to 
hand.  Many  men  were  found  dead  with  bayonet  stabs  and  others  with  their 
skulls  broken  open  with  muskets.  It  is  impossible  for  men  to  show  greater 
gallantry  than  the  negro  troops  in  this  fight.”  (24,  1,  95.)  And  Grant  in  his 
letter  to  Halleck  (24.  3,  547)  says:  “The  negro  troops  are  easier  to  preserve  dis- 
cipline among  than  our  white  troops  and  I doubt  not  will  prove  equally  good 
for  garrison  duty.  All  that  have  been  tried  have  fought  bravely.  ’ ’ 


182 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


The  following  named  persons  were  discharged  at  different 
times  from  our  regiment  and  entered  this  branch  of  the  service: 
Thomas  P.  Wilson,  commissary  sergeant,  was  promoted  to 
first  lieutenant  and  quartermaster  Eleventh  Louisiana  Infantry 
(afterward  numbered  the  Forty-ninth  United  States  Colored 
Infantry),  which  he  helped  to  organize.  Major  Wilson’s  record 
is  given  in  the  volunteer  staff.  He  was  brevetted  major  at  the 
end  of  the  war,  and  has  served  as  quartemaster  general  of  Min- 
nesota since  Nov.  10,  1871.  Francis  E.  Collins,  quartermaster 
sergeant,  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  Eleventh  Louisiana  In- 
fantry, and  helped  to  organize  the  regiment;  resigned  in  1863. 
Augustus  Pintler  of  Company  I promoted  to  lieutenant  Elev- 
enth Louisiana  Infantry;  he  helped  to  organize  the  regiment. 
Thomas  F.  Sturtevant  of  Company  F promoted  to  first  lieuten- 
ant Company  C,  Forty-ninth  United  States  Colored  Infantry, 
Feb.  6,  1864.  John  Id.  Thurston  of  Company  C promoted  to 
quartermaster  sergeant  Forty-ninth  United  States  Colored  In- 
fantry, and  also  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant  of  the  same  regi- 
ment; resigned  in  the  fall  of  1864,  and  then  acted  as  clerk  for 
Capt.  T.  P.  Wilson  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Wm.  H.  Hall 
of  Compan}^  D promoted  to  commissary  sergeant  Forty- 
ninth  United  States  Colored  Infantry,  and  first  lieutenant  and 
quartermaster  of  the  same  regiment;  during  the  last  year  of  his 
service  was  ordnance  officer  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  P.  J.  Oster- 
haus;  finally  mustered  out  March  22,  1866.  Julius  F.  Putnam 
of  Company  I promoted,  Oct.  31,  1864,  to  first  lieutenant 
Forty-second  United  States  Colored  Infantry.  Robert  S.  Don- 
aldson, captain  of  Company  C,  promoted,  July  24,  1863,  at 
Vicksburg,  to  lieutenant  colonel  Twelfth  Louisiana  Infantry 
(afterward  numbered  Fiftieth  United  States  Colored  Infantry); 
helped  to  organize  the  regiment;  promoted  and  transferred  to 
Sixty-fourth  United  States  Colored  Infantry  in  July,  1865;  was 
detailed  in  the  Bureau  of  Refugee  Freedmen  and  Abandoned 
Lands  as  superintendent  in  charge  of  the  northern  half  of  Mis- 
sissippi, with  headquarters  at  Jackson;  finalty  mustered  out  of 
service  March  17,  1866.  Ebenezer  M.  Broughton  of  Company 
H,  on  July  24,  1863,  at  Vicksburg,  was  promoted  to  captain  of 
Company  E,  Twelfth  Louisiana  Infantry,  or  Fiftieth  United 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


183 


States  Colored  Infantry,  and  helped  to  organize  the  company 
and  regiment;  he  resigned  at  Vicksburg  on  Aug.  29,  1864,  by 
reason  of  sunstroke  received  at  the  battle  of  Raymond  on  May 
12,  1863.  Joseph  Meyer  of  Company  G,  on  July  24,  1863,  at 
Vicksburg,  was  promoted  to  second  lieutenant  Company  E, 
Twelfth  Louisiana  Infantry,  or  Fiftieth  United  States  Colored 
Infantry,  and  helped  to  organize  the  company  and  regiment;  he 
resigned  in  1864,  at  Vicksburg.  Robert  P.  Miller  of  Com- 
pany K promoted  July  27,  1863,  at  Vicksburg,  to  second  lieu- 
tenant of  Company  K,  Twelfth  Louisiana  Infantry,  or  Fiftieth 
United  States  Colored  Infantry,  and  helped  to  organize  the  com- 
pany and  regiment;  resigned  Feb.  1,  1864.  John  A.  Davis  of 
Company  C promoted,  Dec.  31,  1863,  to  second  lieutenant 
Company  F,  Fiftieth  United  States  Colored  Infantry;  resigned 
in  1864.  ZinaB.  Chatfield  of  Company  A was  for  a short  time 
in  the  Twelfth  Louisiana  Infantry  and  then,  on  Sept.  7,  1863, 
was  promoted  to  captain  in  the  Fifty-eighth  United  States  Col- 
ored Infantry.  Calvin  Amidon  of  Company  C promoted  to  first 
sergeant  of  Company  I,  Twelfth  Louisiana  Infantry,  at  Vicks- 
burg, and  died  before  being  commissioned  an  officer.  The  first 
or  orderly  sergeants  of  these  colored  regiments  were  white  sol- 
diers who  were  transferred  to  these  regiments,  and  generally 
had  to  serve  but  a short  time  before  they  were  promoted  to  com- 
missioned officers. 

April  19th  — Sunday. — Our  regiment  received  four  months’ 
pay  to-day. 

A comrade  writes: 

In  the  months  of  March  and  April  the  smallpox  broke  out  in  our  army, 
which  lay  at  Young’s  Point,  and  as  the  men  would  take  the  deadly  complaint 
they  were  placed  on  a steamboat  and  taken  to  Milliken’s  Bend,  twelve  miles  above 
the  point,  the  same  boat  bringing  the  dead  every  morning  in  order  to  bury 
them  in  the  levee,  that  being  the  only  dry  land  to  be  found,  as  the  levees  were 
cut  and  the  country  overflowed  with  water  from  the  Mississippi  river.  I have 
seen  the  rough  board  caskets  piled  up  on  the  bank  like  dry  goods  boxes.  The 
levee  was  full  of  dead  soldiers,  and  the  provisions  and  feed  had  to  be  hauled  on 
this  mound,  and  the  wagon  wheels  would  cut  down  to  the  boxes  in  which  the 
boys  were  laid.  Every  morning  the  “ Dead  March  ” would  be  played  and  some- 
times one  hundred  would  be  laid  to  rest. 

April  23d — Thursday. — The  following  named  steamboats 
were  prepared  and  protected  as  the  others  had  been,  and  each 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


one  with  two  barges,  one  lashed  on  each  side,  and  all  loaded 
with  supplies,  ran  the  batteries  of  Vicksburg  again  last  night 
(the  twenty-second) : Tigress,  Moderator,  Empire  City,  Hori- 

zon, J.  W.  Cheesman  and  Anglo-Saxon.  The  Moderator  and 
Empire  City  were  disabled  and  the  latter  was  towed  by  the 
Cheesman  to  Hard  Times  Landing.  The  flagship  Tigress 
was  disabled  and  sunk  on  our  side  of  the  river  as  she  struck 
the  bank  below.  We  marched  to  Richmond,  La.,  fifteen  miles, 
to-day.  Very  hot.  Poor  roads.  Plenty  of  water.  We  left 
all  of  our  tents  and  much  of  our  baggage  behind  at  the  river. 

April  25th — Saturday. — Marched  nine  miles.  Started  at  5:00 
o’clock  p.  M.  Camped  on  the  Llolmes  plantation.  Hot.  Clear. 
Plenty  of  water.  Poor  roads.  The  Seventy-second  Illinois 
were  left  behind  at  Richmond. 

April  26th  — Sunday. — Marched  ten  miles  to  Smith’s  planta- 
tion. It  rained  all  night.  We  are  camped  in  an  old  corn 

field,  and  the  mud  is  awful.  We  are  about  two  miles  from 
New  Carthage,  La.  Our  wagon  trains  went  to  Milliken’s  Bend 
for  rations,  etc. 

April  27th  — Monday. — Our  division  did  not  move  for  the 
reason  that  General  Logan’s  division  did  not  get  past  during 
the  day,  the  roads  being  next  to  impassable. 

April  28th — Tuesday. — Our  whole  division  moved  together 
at  6:00  A.  m.,  and  during  the  day  marched  through  the  mud  four 
miles.  It  rained  and  the  mud  is  very  deep.  We  have  only 
one  team  along  with  che  regiment.  Empty  wagons  get  stuck 
and  fourteen  span  of  horses  were  pulling  a caisson  through 
the  mud.  We  had  to  step  in  the  tracks  of  the  men  ahead  of 
us.  We  left  our  wagon  train  and,  tents  at  Smith’s  plantation 
in  charge  of  Lieut.  S.  F.  Brown  of  Company  I)  and  A.  L. 
Brown  of  Company  B,  acting  commissary  sergeant,  who  is 
unwell. 

April  29th  — Wednesday. — Marched  six  miles  and  bivouacked 
near  a bayou.  Hot  and  clear. 

At  Grand  Gulf  General  Grant’s  memoirs  state: 

At  8:00  o’clock  A.  M.,  April  29th,  Porter  made  the  attack  with  his  entire 
strength  present  — eight  gunboats.  For  nearly  five  and  a half  hours  the  attack 
was  kept  up  without  silencing  a single  gun  of  the  enemy.  I occupied  a 


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185 


tug  from  which  I could  see  the  effect  of  the  battle  on  both  sides,  within 
range  of  the  enemy’s  guns,  but  a small  tug  without  armament  was  not  cal- 
culated to  attract  the  fire  of  batteries  while  they  were  being  assailed  them- 
selves. About  half-past  one  the  fleet  withdrew,  seeing  their  efforts  were  un- 
availing. The  enemy  ceased  firing  as  soon  as  we  withdrew.  I immediately 
signaled  the  admiral  and  went  aboard  his  ship.  The  navy  lost  in  this  engage- 
ment eighteen  killed  and  fifty-six  wounded. 

Admiral  Porter,  in  his  “Incidents  of  the  Civil  War,”  says: 

It  was  as  hard  a fight  as  occurred  during  the  war.  For  more  than  five 
hours  the  gunboats  engaged  the  enemy’s  batteries  at  close  quarters,  the  latter 
having  thirteen  heavy  guns  placed  on  commanding  heights  from  eighty  to  one 
hundred  and  twenty  feet  above  the  river.  We  lost  seventy-five  men  in  killed 
and  wounded  and  silenced  all  the  enemy’s  guns. 

The  reader  will  notice  a slight  difference  of  opinion  as  to 
the  guns  having  been  silenced. 

General  McClernaud’s  troops  were  all  embarked  on  trans- 
ports at  Hard  Times,  about  three  miles  above  Grand  Gulf, 
with  the  intention  to  have  them  disembark,  storm  and 
carry  the  works  at  Grand  Gulf  as  soon  as  the  gunboats  silenced 
the  batteries,  which  were  supported  by  several  thousand  Con- 
federate troops  under  Gen.  John  S.  Bowen.  At  dusk  Mc- 
Clernand’s troops  were  landed  on  the  Louisiana  shore  and  in 
the  night  marched  inland  down  the  river  below  Grand  Gulf. 
The  gunboats  and  transports  with  the  barges  all  ran  by  the 
batteries  before  midnight.  On  the  morning  of  the  thirtieth 
McClernand’s  troops  embarked  at  De  Shroon’s  plantation, 
about  four  miles  below  Grand  Gulf,  and  were  being  landed 
at  noon  at  Bruinsburg,  six  miles  below.  The  landing  was 
about  two  miles  from  the  foot  of  the  bluffs,  where  the  road 
ascended  through  a deep  long  cut.  After  receiving  a small 
supply  of  rations  McClernand’s  force  was  moved  as  rapidly  as 
possible  to  the  top  of  the  bluffs,  and  passing  on  for  several 
miles,  at  2:00  A.  M.  of  May  1st  his  advance  met  the  troops  of 
General  Bowen,  who  was  apparently  pushing  on  toward  Bru- 
insburg. These  they  drove  back  a short  distance  to  a fork  in 
the  road  and  then  awaited  daylight.  As  soon  after  daylight  as 
the  lines  could  be  formed,  the  battle  of  Thompson’s  Hill  or 
Port  Gibson  was  begun,  not  far  from  Magnolia  Churcb.  Our 
forces  in  this  battle  were  McClernand’s  corps,  with  J.  E.  Smith’s 


186 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


and  Stevenson’s  brigades  of  Logan’s  division  as  supports,  and 
numbered  about  nineteen  thousand  men.  The  enemy’s  force 
was  about  eight  thousand. 

April  30th — Thursday. — McArthur’s  division  of  the  Seven- 
teenth Corps  is  left  to  guard  our  lines  from  Milliken’s  Bend  to 
Perkins’  plantation.  Marched  to  Hard  Times  Landing  [popu- 
lation, 1880,  285]  on  the  Mississippi  river.  Heard  the  gun- 
boats bombarding  Grand  Gulf  yesterday.  Hot  and  clear. 
Marched  twenty-one  miles  to-day. 

Returns  for  the  Month  of  April,  1863. — Total  enlisted  men,  664;  aggregate, 
699;  aggregate  last  month,  713;  enlisted  present  for  duty,  347;  on  extra  and 
daily  duty,  44;  sick,  15;  total  enlisted  present,  406.  Commissioned  officers 
present  for  duty,  22;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  1;  sick,  1 ; total  24. 

Remarks. — D.  M.  G.  Murphy,  commissioned  regimeutal  quartermaster  April 
9,  1863,  from  second  lieutenant  Company  G.  Peter  Hansen,  Company  A,  ab- 
sent, sick,  since  Feb.  18,  1863.  J.  H.  Donaldson,  on  special  duty  as  regimental 
quartermaster.  James  C.  Edson,  on  detached  service  in  Minnesota  since  Feb. 
17,  1863. 

May  1st  — Friday.  — Marched  four  miles  to  the  Mississippi 
river  below  and  opposite  Grand  Gulf.  Embarked  on  the  gun- 
boat Mound  City  and  proceeded  ten  miles  down  and  across  the 
river,  landing  a short  distance  below  the  mouth  of  Bayou 
Pierre,  at  Bruinsburg,  a landing  where  once  stood  a few  houses, 
the  chimneys  of  which  are  still  standing.  We  marched  about 
two  miles  inland  on  the  bottom  up  the  river,  then  turning  to 
the  right  ascended  the  hill  by  a long  deep  cut  in  the  road.  Af- 
ter marching  about  five  miles  we  formed  line  of  battle  across  a 
road  coming  from  toward  Grand  Gulf,  on  which  the  enemy, 
several  thousand  strong,  are  expected  from  Grand  Gulf  to  turn 
McClernand’s  left.  We  could  hear  the  cannonading  to-day  at 
the  battle  of  Port  Gibson.  It  is  warm.  Roads  good.  Our 
wagons  all  behind.  We  moved  to-day  on  foot  and  by  boat 
eighteen  miles.  It  is  about  thirteen  miles  from  Bruinsburg  to 
Port  Gibson.  The  Mississippi  river  at  this  point  is  over  a mile 
wide.  There  is  not  a house  standing  at  Grand  Gulf  except  the 
residence  of  Judge  Maxwell  on  the  bluff.  Last  night  about 
eleven  o’clock,  as  the  steamboat  Horizon  was  towing  a barge 
loaded  with  an  ammunition  train  across  the  river  through  the 
fog,  she  was  run  into,  about  five  miles  below  Grand  Gulf,  by 


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187 


the  steamboat  Moderator,  which  was  coming  up  stream,  and 
after  running  ashore  on  the  Louisiana  side,  sunk,  and  Battery 
G,  Second  Illinois  Light  Artillery  (Captain  Sparrestrom),  of  Lo- 
gan’s division,  was  lost  except  a few7  horses.  Only  two  men 
were  drowned. 

May  £d — Saturday. — Marched  eight  or  ten  miles  to  Fort 
Gibson  [population  in  1880,  1,500]  and  stopped  in  town  until 
the  bridge  across  the  South  Fork  of  Bayou  Pierre  was  repaired. 
Crossed  at  5:00  p.  M.  and  marched  ten  miles  to  the  north  branch 
of  Bayou  Pierre  and  bivouacked  at  9:00  p.  m.  near  Grindstone 
Ford.  Good  roads.  Clear  and  warm.  Bridge  built  in  the 
night.  We  marched  rapidly  this  evening  and  our  men  are 
much  exhausted  from  loss  of  sleep  and  excessive  fatigue. 

General  Sanborn  says : 

None  of  the  colonels  of  this  old  division,  which  had  done  much  to  save  Iuka 
and  Corinth,  having  been  promoted,  and  the  generals  being  determined  that 
none  of  it  should  be  placed  under  the  command  of  the  brigadier  generals  who 
had  received  their  promotion  by  hanging  round  Washington,  after  consultation 
with  ns  all  and  with  our  consent,  a West  Point  graduate  and  splendid  officer, 
Gen.  M.  M.  Crocker  [formerly  colonel  of  the  Thirteenth  Iowa  Infantry. — Ed.] 
of  Iowa,  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  division  at  Port  Gibson,  and  with 
my  old  brigade  I took  the  advance  of  the  army  and  marched  as  far  as  the  north 
branch  of  Bayou  Pierre  that  afternoon  and  evening.  The  suspension  bridge  across 
this  bayou  was  burning  when  we  arrived.  Some  negroes  were  trying  to  ex- 
tinguish the  flames,  and  with  the  aid  of  our  troops  soon  did  the  work.  The 
cooks  of  my  mess  had  a serious  time  that  night.  No  other  mess  wagons  had 
come  up.  Some  were  still  on  the  other  side  of  the  Mississippi.  Before  I was 
through  General  Crocker  and  the  division  staff  came  up  for  supper,  and  before 
he  was  through  General  McPherson  and  staff  had  come  up  and  had  no  provisions 
for  supper  and  had  to  be  supplied,  and  before  General  McPherson  and  staff 
had  been  supplied  General  Grant  and  staff  came  up  and  had  to  eat  at  the  same 
mess.  It  was  fortunate  that  we  had  cooks  and  servants,  otherwise  no  supply 
of  provisions  would  have  prevented  a hungry  night.  The  night  was  cold. 
Profound  sleep  to  all  (except  the  large  detail  to  repair  the  bridge,  which 
worked  all  night)  followed  the  previous  sleepless  nights  and  weary  days.  We 
were  sleeping  in  the  open  air  and  upon  the  ground.  In  a half-conscious  state, 
the  impression  was  made  upon  my  mind  that  some  intruder  was  punching  my 
back  with  his  knees  and  elbows.  To  such  an  extent  did  this  proceed,  that, 
being  fully  aroused,  I made  a great  effort  to  expel  the  fellow,  at  the  same  time 
asking,  “Who  are  you?”  and  a boyish  or  childish  voice  answered  back,  “lam 
Fred  Grant;  I am  cold.”  A larger  share  of  the  robe  was  furnished  and  greater 
quiet  followed. 


1S8 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


And  Fred  Grant  says: 

I told  them  who  I was,  when  one  of  them,  Col.  (afterward  general)  J.  B. 
Sanborn,  welcomed  me  kindly  and  loaned  me  part  of  his  overcoat  for  a pillow. 
I remained  there  until  nearly  dawn,  when,  becoming  very  cold,  I got  up  and 
went  indoors;  there  I found  a bed  with  two  occupants,  and  I took  the  liberty 
of  finding  a place  of  rest  between  them.  The  next  morning  when  I awoke  I 
fouud  that  my  bedfellows  were  two  large  negroes.  I had  slept  well  but  had 
thought  my  quarters  close. 

May  3d — Sunday. — Crossed  the  North  Fork  at  5:00  A.  M. 
General  Logan’s  division  was  ahead  and  had  some  skirmishing. 
They  formed  line  of  battle  but  found  no  rebels  in  the  woods. 
When  we  came  to  Forty  Hills  we  took  the  advance  and  Gen- 
eral Logan’s  division  took  the  left  on  another  road.  We 
skirmished  with  the  rebels  (fought  the  battle  of  Forty  Hills), 
and  they  retreated.  We  followed  them  to  the  Big  Black  at 
Hankinson’s  Ferry,  twenty  miles  from  Vicksburg,  and  camped 
at  sunset.  Hot.  Clear.  Plenty  of  water  and  good  roads. 
Marched  eight  miles  to-day.  Some  shells  were  thrown  across 
the  river  at  us. 

We  copy  the  following  account  from  the  letter  of  an  officer: 

At  8:00  A.  M.  we  came  on  the  rear  guard  of  the  enemy  with  a battery  of  field- 
pieces.  They  had  a strong  position.  Our  battery  was  put  in  the  road  on  the 
opposite  hill  and  our  brigade  ordered  forward  to  drive  them  out,  while  a part  of 
General  Logan’s  forces  went  around  to  get  in  their  rear.  It  was  a terribly  hot 
day.  The  Fifty  ninth  Indiana  was  thrown  out  as  skirmishers.  The  Forty- 
eighth  Indiana  and  Fourth  Minnesota  were  formed  behind  them  and  ordered 
to  advance  while  the  batteries  played  on  each  other  in  good  style.  I was 
mounted  by  order  of  the  colonel,  and  had  to  ride  in  range  of  the  cannon-shot 
for  several  minutes  while  the  ground  was  torn  up  under  me  and  the  trees  cut 
about  me.  A few  shells  were  thrown  at  the  right  of  the  regiment,  but  no  dam- 
age was  done,  except  Captain  Thompson  had  a shin  bruised  by  a piece  of  shell. 
The  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  had  one  man  killed  and  two  wounded.  We  expected 
to  be  ordered  to  charge  up  the  hill  and  if  we  had  we  should  have  gone  over 
them,  but  they  became  aware  of  General  Logan’s  movements  and  sloped  double- 
quick. 

Privates  Eli  Fawcett  was  killed  and  James  W.  Van  Slyke  of 
Company  E,  Fifty-ninth  Indiana,  was  mortally  wounded. 

Badeau,  in  his  “ Military  History  of  U.  S.  Grant,”  says: 

Grant  immediately  detached  one  brigade  of  Logan’s  division  to  the  left,  to 
engage  the  attention  of  the  rebels  there,  while  a heavy  detail  of  McClernand’s 
troops  were  set  to  work  rebuilding  the  bridge  across  the  South  Fork.  * * * 
While  this  was  doing,  two  brigades  of  Logan’s  division  forded  the  bayou  and 


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189 


marched  on.  * * * Meanwhile  another  division  (Crocker’s)  of  McPher- 
son’s corps  had  been  ferried  across  the  Mississippi  and  had  come  np  with  the 
command.  Grant  now  ordered  McPherson  to  push  across  the  bayou  and  attack 
the  enemy  in  flank,  now  in  full  retreat  through  Willow  Springs,  demoralized 
and  out  of  ammunition.  McPherson  started  at  once,  and  before  night  his  two 
divisions  had  crossed  the  South  Fork  and  marched  to  the  North  Fork,  eight 
miles  further  on.  They  found  the  bridge  at  Grindstone  Ford  still  burning,  but 
the  fire  was  extinguished  and  the  bridge  repaired  in  the  night,  the  troops  pass- 
ing over  as  soon  as  the  last  plank  was  laid.  This  was  at  5:00  A.  M.  on  the  third. 
Before  one  brigade  had  finished  crossing  the  enemy  opened  on  the  head  of  the 
column  with  artillery;  but  the  command  was  at  once  deployed  and  the  rebels 
soon  fell  back,  their  movement  being  intended  only  to  cover  the  retreating 
force.  McPherson  followed  rapidly,  driving  them  through  Willow  Springs, 
and  gained  the  cross-roads.  Here  Logan  was  directed  to  take  the  Grand  Gulf 
road,  while  Crorker  continued  the  direct  pursuit.  Skirmishing  was  kept  up 
all  day,  the  broken  country,  the  narrow,  tortuous  roads  and  impassable  ravines 
offering  great  facilities  for  this  species  of  warfare.  The  enemy  availed  himself 
fully  of  every  advantage,  contesting  the  ground  with  great  tenacity.  This 
continued  all  the  way  to  Hankinson’s  Ferry  on  the  Big  Black  river,  fifteen 
miles  from  Port  Gibson.  Several  hundred  prisoners  were  taken  in  the  pursuit. 
At  four  o’clock  in  the  afternoon  McPherson  came  up  with  the  rebels,  and  Logan 
at  the  same  time  appearing  on  their  right  flank  caused  them  to  move  precipi- 
tately toward  the  river.  McPherson  followed  hard  and  arrived  just  as  the  last 
of  the  rebels  was  crossing  and  in  time  to  prevent  the  destruction  of  the  bridge. 
It  being  now  dark  and  the  enemy  driven  across  the  Big  Black,  the  command  was 
rested  for  the  night. 

On  the  morning  of  the  third  it  was  discovered  that  Grand 
Gulf  had  been  evacuated  by  the  enemy,  after  burying  or  spik- 
ing his  guns  and  blowing  up  his  magazines,  thirteen  of  his 
heavy  guns  falling  into  the  hands  of  our  forces.  The  bridge 
consisted  of  old  flatboats.  The  enemy  chopped  holes  along 
the  sides  and  in  the  bottoms  of  these  old  flats;  but  by  nailing 
boards  along  the  sides  and  over  the  holes  in  the  bottoms  we 
were  enabled  to  use  them  for  crossing.  The  writer  crossed 
several  times  on  them.  [Population  Grand  Gulf,  1880,  100; 
Rodney,  1880,  533.] 

May  4-th — Monday.  — Last  night  our  troops  attempted  to 
run  two  barges  loaded  with  stores,  with  a tugboat  between 
them,  by  Vicksburg;  they  were  burned  and  twenty-four  per- 
sons made  prisoners.  Among  them  were  correspondents  of 
the  New  York  World  and  Tribune  and  Cincinnati  Times.  (24, 
3,  827.) 


190 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


The  commissary  stores  were  loaded  to-day  at  Smith’s  planta- 
tion and  started  for  the  regiment,  leaving  the  tents  and  a 
guard  until  the  teams  could  return  for  them.  We  went  to 
Perkins’  plantation.  Leaving  the  teams  to  return,  the  writer 
embarked  on  the  steamboat  Empire  City  to-day  for  Grand  Gulf, 
about  twenty  miles  below.  Stayed  at  Grand  Gulf  all  night. 

May  5th — Tuesday.  — Started  early,  on  foot,  for  the  regiment 
at  Haukinson’s  Ferry,  eighteen  miles  from  Grand  Gulf.  Got 
to  the  regiment  at  dusk.  Fred  Du  Toit  had  some  nice  cow  peas 
cooked,  which  he  gave  us  for  supper,  and  we  fared  sumptu- 
ously on  the  peas  and  some  fried  hard  bread.  At  roll  call  in 
the  evening  all  of  the  orderly  sergeants  read  General  Mc- 
Pherson’s “pain  and  mortification  order,”  and  for  miles  around 
could  be  heard,  “It  is  with  pain  and  mortification  that  the 
commanding  general,”  etc.  It  was  an  order  against  foraging 
and  was  read  every  night  at  tattoo  or  evening  roll  call.  The 
orderly  sergeants  committed  it  to  memory,  so  it  could  “be 
read  ” after  dark  without  a light. 

May  6th — Wednesday.  — We  found  a grist  mill  and  got  the 
old  miller,  a freedman,  to  run  it  all  night,  grinding  cornmeal 
for  our  regiment. 

May  7th — Thursday.  — We  marched  down  to  the  river  and 
relieved  a brigade  guarding  the  river  crossing.  General  Sher- 
man’s troops  joined  us  at  sundown.  General  Sherman,  with 
ten  regiments  from  Flair’s  division  on  steamboats  and  eight 
gunboats,  made  a feint  against  Haines’  Bluff  to  hold  the  enemy 
at  Vicksburg  while  our  army  was  crossing  the  river  below. 
The  troops  landed  and  the  gunboats  engaged  the  batteries. 
They  remained  two  days  and  then  withdrew.  These  demon- 
strations occurred  on  the  thirtieth  and  thirty-first  of  April. 

May  8th  — Friday.  — Marched  back  to  our  old  bivouac. 
Clear  and  warm. 

Many  9th  — Saturday.  — Marched  up  the  south  bank  of  Big 
Black  river,  twelve  miles.  Passed  through  Rocky  Springs  to 
Utica  cross-roads,  seven  miles  from  Utica. 

May  10th  — Sunday. — Marched  through  Utica  to-day.  [Popu- 
lation, 1880,  230.]  Camped  in  a pine  thicket.  Good  roads. 
Clear  and  warm.  We  are  encamped  on  Mr.  Week’s  plan- 
tation. Marched  ten  miles. 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


191 


May  11th  — Monday.  — Marched  one  and  a half  miles  and 
camped  in  a field.  An  aid  came  around  and  told  us  that  Gen- 
eral Crocker  advised  us  to  parch  our  corn,  and  he  also  in- 
formed us  how  much  labor  could  be  performed  on  that  kind 
of  diet.  We  are  now  living  on  corn  in  the  ear,  obtained  in  the 
country  as  we  pass  along. 

May  12th — Tuesday.  — Marched  toward  Raymond  at  4:00 
p.  m.  Two  miles  from  that  town  we  formed  line  of  battle  in  a 
corn  field  on  the  left  of  Logan’s  division,  which  opened  the 
battle  about  noon.  The  rebel  artillery  shelled  our  line  The 
enemy  retreated  before  we  became  engaged.  We  marched 
through  the  town  and  camped.  Clear  and  hot.  We  had  poor 
water  to  drink.  Several  of  our  men  were  sunstruck  moving 
up  so  fast  to  get  into  the  fight.  The  wounded  were  put  into 
the  Baptist  church  in  the  village.  [Population,  1880,  448.] 
We  marched  eight  miles  to-day. 

About  daybreak  this  morning  the  Third  Division,  under 
Brigadier  General  Logan,  struck  the  advanced  pickets  of  the 
enemy  at  Fourteen  Mile  creek,  a small  branch  that  empties 
into  the  Big  Black.  They  belonged  to  the  brigade  of  General 
Gregg,  who  has  come  with  his  troops  to  Raymond  from  Port 
Hudson  to  oppose  Grant’s  further  progress.  Logan’s  division 
was  engaged  with  the  enemy  at  Raymond  about  three  hours. 
The  enemy  left  two  cannon  on  the  field  and  lost  over  five  hun- 
dred men. 

Colonel  Sanborn,  in  speaking  of  this  battle  in  his  official 
report,  says: 

The  only  loss  at  Raymond  in  our  brigade  was  one  man  of  the  Forty-eighth 
Indiana,  wounded.  After  the  action  ceased  the  command  marched  through 
Raymond  and  bivouacked  about  one  mile  north  of  town.  Here  the  Eighteenth 
Wisconsin  joined  my  command,  in  place  of  the  Seventy-second  Illinois,  left  at 
Richmond,  La.,  and  transferred  to  General  Ransom’s  brigade.  [Ransom’s  bri- 
gade was  in  McArthur’s  division  of  the  Seventeenth  Corps.  — Ed.] 

May  13th  — Wednesday. — Marched  to  Clinton  (population, 
1880,  569),  about  ten  miles.  A fine  day.  Camped  across  the 
railroad  just  outside  of  the  town.  As  a sample  specimen  of  our 
foraging  we  will  say  that  we  started  out  early  this  morning. 
The  first  place  we  stopped  at  was  a fine  two-story  white  house, 


192 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


just  in  the  edge  of  the  town  of  Raymond,  on  the  north  side  of 
the  road,  belonging  to  Dr.  . The  people  had  gone  visit- 

ing. We  got  a large  tin  can,  holding  perhaps  twenty-five  gal- 
lons, full  of  lard,  some  cornmeal.  meat  and  a jug  of  molasses. 
Some  of  the  boys  being  of  a literary  turn  of  mind,  borrowed 
a book  or  two.  At  another  place  we  got  sugar,  “dead  loads  of 
it.”  Then  we  came  to  a plantation  where  they  raised  hams  and 
shoulders,  and  the  proprietor  kindly  mounted  into  the  upper 
regions  of  his  smokehouse  and  passed  down  nearly  a wagon 
load  of  the  needful,  and,  “I  suppose,”  said  he,  “you  will  leave 
me,  will  you  not,  a part  of  these  for  my  own  use?”  and  he 
looked  discouraged  when  informed  that  the  presumption  of 
our  military  law  was,  that  he  had  buried  his  share  before  we 
came  around  and  what  was  in  sight  belonged  to  us.  While  he 
was  passing  down  the  meat  some  of  our  boys  got  his  oxen  and 
yoked  them  up  to  his  wagon,  and  so  he  furnished  us  with 
transportation  also,  as  well  as  fresh  beef  when  we  got  to  camp. 

On  the  thirteenth  I marched  in  rear  of  the  Third  Brigade  on  the  road  leading 
to  Clinton,  passed  through  the  town  and  bivouacked  one  mile  east  of  it,  on  the 
Jackson  road,  my  line  of  battle  this  night  running  across  the  railroad  and  wagon 
road.  Distance  marched  this  day,  nine  miles. — [Sanborn’s  Report.'] 

Battle  of  Jackson. 

May  14-th — Thursday. — Our  troops  are  tearing  up  the  rail- 
road in  all  directions.  Here  at  Clinton  is  a Confederate  hos- 
pital containing  quite  a large  number  of  the  enemy’s  sick. 
Some  of  the  boys  found  a tobacco  and  cigar  factory,  which 
furnished  enough  of  the  manufactured  product  for  the  whole 
division.  It  rained  all  night.  This  village  is  ten  miles  from  Jack- 
son.  About  8:00  A.  M.  struck  the  picket  lines  of  the  enemy. 
It  rained  hard  nearly  all  the  forenoon.  We  skirmished  with  the 
enemy  until  within  about  two  miles  from  the  citjL  We  formed 
our  first  line  of  battle  to  the  right  of  the  wagon  road.  We 
then  moved  up  and  formed  another  line  and  the  Fourth  Min- 
nesota was  shifted  to  the  left  of  the  wagon  road  Our  regiment 
was  now  in  small  timber,  its  right  resting  near  the  road. 
We  were  in  the  second  line  of  battle  here  and  supporting  the 
Seventeenth  Iowa,  which  was  about  twenty  rods  ahead  of  us, 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


193 


in  the  woods.  The  McMurray  Battery  (M,  First  Missouri  Light 
Artillery)  stood  in  the  road,  and  in  an  open  field  across  (south 
of)  the  road  was  the  balance  of  the  Second  and  First  brigades 
and  Captain  Dillon’s  Sixth  Wisconsin  Battery,  and  ahead  of 
us  in  the  woods,  on  the  left  of  the  Seventeenth  Iowa,  was 
Boomer’s  Third  Brigade.  The  enemy  planted  a battery  in  the 
road  and  another  in  the  orchard  in  front  of  the  open  field. 
The  two  lines  of  battle  were  about  three-fourths  of  a mile 
apart  when  the  enemy  first  opened  fire  from  the  orchard.  Gen- 
eral McPherson  and  staff  were  near  where  our  regiment  filed 
from  the  road  to  go  into  the  woods.  General  Logan  soon 
rode  up  and  said : “ What  cannon  are  those  over  on  the 

right?  That  must  be  Sherman  pounding  away ! ” McPherson 
replied:  “I  don’t  know  what  that  is  over  there,  but  I do 

know  that  this  thing  just  ahead  is  a rebel  line  of  battle. 
Form  your  command  on  the  left  and  we  will  go  for  them.” 
Logan’s  troops  were  just  behind  and  he  led  them  to  the  left 
and  in  a few  minutes  the  enemy  opened  the  battle.  Our  regi- 
ment, in  the  timber,  was  not  engaged.  We  took  the  position 
assigned  us  and  remained  in  it.  The  bullets  flew  thickly  over- 
head, but  we  only  had  two  men  wounded  — P.  R.  Taylor  of 
Company  F and  J.  H.  Epler  of  Company  K.  We  did  not  see 
the  enemy  through  the  timber.  The  fighting,  however,  was 
pretty  lively,  especially  with  the  Seventeenth  Iowa,  and  in 
the  field  across  the  road.  Finally  a charge  was  made  and 
the  enemy  fled,  taking  their  batteries  with  them.  We  then  re- 
ceived orders  and  our  regiment  marched  right  oblique,  through 
the  timber  and  across  the  road,  up  by  the  large  white  house 
(Wright’s)  on  the  enemy’s  line  of  battle  (and  in  which  they 
had  their  wounded),  through  the  orchard,  and  pushing  over 
the  garden  picket  fence  halted  to  dress  up  our  lines.  We 
were  now  in  plain  sight  of  the  enemy’s  breastworks  and  could 
see  their  cannon  in  them. 

Our  regiment  was  now  in  the  front  line  of  battle  and  a line 
of  skirmishers  was  in  front  of  us.  Between  us  and  the  enemy’s 
intrenchments  was  an  open  field,  having  low  ground  in  front  of 
their  works.  JSTot  a shot  of  any  kind  was  fired  at  us.  We  soon 
learned  that  the  rebels  had  not  stopped  at  their  intrenchments, 
13 


194 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


but  had  kept  on  through  the  city  and  across  Pearl  riverin  great 
disorder.  We  now  saw  two  horsemen  going  from  our  lines  into 
the  city,  one  of  them  carrying  a flag,  and  in  about  an  hour  we 
got  orders  to  march  forward.  We  bivouacked  for  the  night  just 
inside  of  the  intrenchments  in  the  outskirts  of  the  city.  We 
found  some  of  the  cannon  of  the  enemy  still  loaded.  The  com- 
missary department  now  began  looking  for  supplies.  Lieuten- 
ant Donaldson  found  some  cornmeal  at  the  prison  and  we 
killed  our  cattle.  It  was  2:00  o’clock  a.  m.  before  we  had  an 
opportunity  to  get  a little  sleep. 

The  Confederate  troops  in  this  battle  were  composed  mostly 
of  the  brigades  of  Gregg  and  Walker.  General  Gregg  left  a 
thin  line  of  skirmishers  and  some  artillerists  in  the  line  in  front 
of  General  Sherman  and  moved  the  rest  of  his  brigade  over  to 
the  Clinton  road  and  joined  forces  with  General  Walker  in  front 
of  McPherson.  Sherman  captured  ten  cannon  and  about  two 
hundred  and  fifty  artillerists.  General  Logan’s  division  was  in 
reserve  and  supporting  Crocker,  with  Gen.  J.  D.  Stevenson’s 
brigade  on  the  left  to  outflank  the  enemy. 

This  battle  was  fought  on  the  farm  of  0.  P.  Wright,  whose 
buildings,  hedges,  fences  and  trees  furnished  shelter  to  the 
enemy.  Sometime  after  this  battle  his  dwelling  was  burned. 

Colonel  Sanborn  states  in  his  report: 

My  command  marched  from  Clinton  at  4:00  A.  M.  on  the  fourteenth,  along  the 
Jackson  road  toward  Jackson,  the  Second  Brigade  leading  the  division  and  my 
hrigade  (the  First)  following  the  Second.  The  enemy  was  drawn  up  in  line  of 
Battle  in  a strong  position  about  two  miles  west  of  Jackson,  his  line  of  battle 
crossing  the  road  at  nearly  right  angles.  I received  orders  to  form  my  brigade 
on  the  right  of  the  road,  the  two  left  regiments,  the  Fourth  Minnesota  and  the 
Eighteenth  Wisconsin,  as  reserve  for  the  Second  Brigade,  already  formed  across 
the  road,  the  other  regiments,  the  Forty-eighth  and  Fifty-ninth  Indiana,  to  the 
right  of  the  Second  Brigade,  and  to  cover  them  from  the  fire  of  the  enemy’s  ar- 
tillery as  much  as  possible.  This  disposition  was  immediately  made.  The 
troops  were  more  exposed  to  the  enemy’s  artillery  fire  than  was  at  first  appre- 
hended and  the  Fourth  Minnesota  was  immediately  ordered  to  form  on  the  left 
of  the  road  and  as  a reserve  to  the  Seventeenth  Iowa  of  the  Second  Brigade. 
The  other  three  regiments  were  moved  close  up  under  cover  of  the  ridge  occu- 
pied by  the  First  Missouri  Battery.  This  ridge  was  swept  by  the  enemy’s  fire, 
but  as  soon  as  the  skirmishers  deployed  from  the  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  had  ad- 
vanced far  enough  to  ascertain  that  there  was  no  enemy  on  the  right  flank  I 
ordered  the  brigade  forward  across  the  first  ridge,  with  instructions  to  halt  when 
the  line  should  reach  the  ravine  beyond,  which  was  about  four  hundred  yards 
distant.  This  order  was  executed  in  the  most  satisfactory  manner,  the  regi- 


Battle  Ground  at  Jackson.  Farm  of  0.  P.  Wright. 


At  the  time  of  the  battle  the  feDce  extended  along  by  the  side  of  the  road  and  there 
was  woods  on  the  north  side.  Our  regiment  marched  right-oblique  across  the  road  and  to 
the  south  of  Wright’s  house, — since  burned, — the  two  chimneys  of  which  stand  in  the 
left  foreground.  The  rebel  line  of  battle  was  behind  the  buildings;  they  had  a battery  in 
the  road  and  another  to  the  south  of  the  buildings  in  the  orchard. 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


195 


ments  crossing  the  ridge  in  perfect  line  at  a run,  and  reached  the  second  ravine 
with  a loss  of  not  more  than  ten  men.  Shortly  after  reaching  this  position,  the 
enemy’s  main  line  of  infantry  was  ascertained  by  the  skirmishers  in  front  of 
my  brigade  to  be  in  the  next  ravine  in  front  of  his  batteries,  and  soon  com- 
menced driving  back  our  line  of  skirmishers.  I received  the  order  from  Gen- 
eral Crocker  to  fix  bayonets  and  charge  through  the  ravine,  and  all  the  way  to 
the  enemy’s  batteries,  if  possible.  This  order  was  immediately  communicated, 
and  the  whole  line  commenced  advancing  and  moved  forward  irresistibly  until 
the  whole  line  of  the  enemy’s  infantry  was  in  full  retreat  and  his  batteries 
taken  to  the  rear.  This  charge  was  one  of  the  most  splendid  battle  scenes  that 
could  be  witnessed.  The  whole  line,  with  banners  unfurled,  went  forward  at 
double-quick  and  with  more  regularity  than  at  an  ordinary  battalion  drill.  The 
fleeing  of  the  rebels  in  front  and  the  sharpshooters  who  had  been  concealed 
behind  cotton  bales  and  in  an  old  cotton-gin  in  front  of  the  Fifty-ninth  Indiana 
throwing  out  white  handkerchiefs  at  every  window  and  over  every  cotton  bale, 
taken  in  connection  with  the  novel  spectacle  presented  by  Captain  Dillon’s 
battery  charging  forward  close  upon  the  line  of  infantry,  made  up  a scene  that 
can  never  be  effaced  from  the  mind  of  any  who  witnessed  it  and  can  never  be 
properly  represented  on  paper.  After  this  charge  the  enemy  immediately  re- 
treated through  Jackson  and  my  command  moved  into  the  city  over  the  enemy’s 
works,  unmolested  by  a shot.  Capt.  L.  B.  Martin,  assistant  adjutant  general 
on  my  staff,  seized  the  flag  of  the  Fifty-ninth  Indiana,  my  leading  regiment, 
and  going  far  in  advance  of  the  skirmishers  to  the  capitol  raised  it  over  the 
dome,  where  it  remained  until  the  regiment  moved  from  the  town;  and 
Lieutenant  Donaldson,  aid-de-camp  on  my  staff,  riding  also  far  in  advance  of 
the  skirmishers  to  the  vicinity  of  the  prison,  seized  there  a Confederate  flag, 
made  of  double  silk,  that  a cavalry  company  had  apparently  abandoned  in  its 
flight.  On  one  side  is  the  inscription,  “Claiborne  Rangers,”  and  on  the  other, 
“ Our  Rights.” 

Col.  Fred  Grant  states,  in  the  National  Tribune , under  date  of 
Jan.  7,  1887,  that  at  the  time  the  enemy  broke  in  front  of 
Sherman  on  the  right  of  our  lines,  and  Tuttle’s  division 
charged  over  the  enemy’s  intrenchments,  he  rode  into  the  city 
from  that  point  alone  and  went  to  the  statehouse.  When  he 
arrived  there  the  retreating  enemy  was  passing  the  building, 
but  paid  no  heed  to  his  presence,  and  he  was  the  only  Yankee 
around.  Soon  after  the  rebels  had  passed,  he  looked  up  the 
street  in  the  same  direction  from  whence  they  had  come  and 
discovered  a man  on  horseback  approaching  carrying  a Union 
flag.  He  appeared  to  be  a captain,  and  passing  young  Grant, 
dismounted  and  entered  the  capitol  building.  Grant  says: 

I was  filled  with  great  enthusiasm  and  followed  him  to  the  second  floor  of 
the  building.  When  I bad  looked  about  until  quite  satisfied  I returned  to  the 
street,  and  looking  up  I saw  the  officer  whom  I had  accompanied  into  the 
building  high  up  in  the  dome  or  cupola  raising  this  flag  over  this  fallen  city. 


196  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1863 

Grant  then  gives  a minute  description  of  Martin’s  appear- 
ance, and  continues: 

He  must  have  anticipated  some  opposition  to  his  enterprise,  for  when  I rode 
up  to  meet  him  he  avoided  me,  paid  no  heed  to  my  salutations  and  darted  past 
to  gain  the  door  of  the  capitol. 

By  direction  of  General  McPherson,  Colonel  Sanborn  sent 
Capt.  L.  B.  Martin  with  the  flag.  He  was  accompanied  by 
Capt.  Cornelius  C.  Cadle  of  General  Crocker’s  staff.  Colonel 
Alexander  of  the  Fifty-ninth  sent  a guard  to  protect  the  flag. 
— [ McPherson’s  and  Crocker’s  Re-ports .] 

The  following  account  of  this  battle  was  written  by  the  cor- 
respondent of  the  Cincinnati  Commercial.  We  extract: 

The  battle  of  Jackson  was  won  by  a simple  charge  on  the  rebel  forces.  The 
details  of  the  affair  are  as  follows:  The  divisions  commanded  by  Generals  Logan 
and  Crocker  marched  from  Clinton  this  morning,  General  Crocker  in  the  ad- 
vance. We  expected  to  meet  the  enemy  in  force  at  least  five  miles  from  Jack- 
son.  Our  troops  moved  cautiously  along,  encountering  the  rebel  cavalry  pickets 
about  three  miles  from  Clinton.  The  pickets  fell  back  rapidly  until  within 
three  miles  of  Jackson,  where  we  came  upon  their  main  force.  The  rebel 
position  was  a good  one,  on  a gentle  slope,  with  heavy  timber  in  the  rear  and 
on  either  side.  This  line  was  nearly  three  miles  long,  of  which  the  Seven- 
teenth Corps  engaged  about  one-half,  Sherman  on  the  right  gi  ving  his  attention 
to  the  other  half.  On  ascertaining  the  situation  of  the  enemy  Crocker  ordered 
the  First  Missouri  Battery  of  four  Parrott  guns  into  position  to  feel  their 
artillery  strength.  A reply  from  three  batteries  was  elicited  before  long,  and 
an  artillery  duel  commenced  and  was  continued  for  upwards  of  half  an  hour 
without  any  decisive  result  to  either  side.  The  infantry  was  now  ordered  into 
action.  The  first  move  was  a signally  successful  charge  — a charge  that  should 
immortalize  every  participant  and  fill  with  pride  the  hearts  of  all  who  admire 
true  courage  and  heroic  devotion  to  the  cause  of  the  American  Union.  No  pen 
can  reproduce  the  impression  made  upon  the  minds  and  hearts  of  all  who  wit- 
nessed it.  The  imagination  of  the  artist  has  equaled  it — never  excelled  it. 
A mile  of  open  space  lay  between  us  and  the  enemy,  every  part  of  which  was 
controlled  by  the  well-served  artillery  of  the  foe.  The  task  before  our  brave 
soldiers  was  to  form  on  a hill  in  face  of  this  terrific  fire  and  move  forward  to 
victory  or  death. 

The  first  brigade,  underColonel  Sanborn,  consisting  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota, 
the  Eighteenth  Wisconsin,  the  Forty-eighth  and  Fifty-ninth  Indiana,  and  the 
Second  Brigade,  under  Colonel  Holmes,  consisting  of  the  Seventeenth  Iowa,  the 
Tenth  Missouri  and  the  Eightieth  Ohio,  were  selected  for  the  bloody  work. 
They  formed  in  line  and  advanced  steadily.  They  had  two  hills  to  ascend  and 
descend;  the  shot  and  shell  from  the  enemy’s  batteries  fell  thick  among  them, 
threatening  destruction  to  all;  the  lines  began  to  waver;  some  hearts  began  to 
quail,  as  they  approached  the  jaws  of  death;  they  halted  for  a few  moments, 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


197 


under  cover  of  a hillside;  words  of  encouragement  were  spoken  by  the  com- 
manding officers;  every  man  was  nerved  to  the  struggle.  “Forward!”  Again 
and  again  the  long  line  of  heroes  ascended  the  heavy  slope  with  colors  flying 
and  voices  shouting.  Three  minutes  of  double-quicking,  indifferent  to  the  enfi- 
lading fire  of  canister  and  the  fire  of  musketry  at  deadly  range,  commenced.  An- 
other minute  and  our  men  sent  up  a loud  shout  of  victory,  as  the  defeated  foe 
left  the  field  in  panic-stricken  haste.  All  was  over.  Nearly  two  hundred  Union 
soldiers  had  fallen,  but  the  day  was  ours.  The  rebels  retreated  in  hot  haste 
before  the  two  brigades  of  Crocker’s  division.  Our  generals  thought  they  had 
fallen  back  to  a better  position,  and  made  every  preparation  for  another  attack 
upon  them.  The  two  divisions  of  McPherson’s  corps  followed  them  up  closely 
in  line  of  battle,  expecting  every  moment  to  hear  from  them  at  a second  stand- 
point. But  while  we  thought  they  were  forming  for  another  struggle  they 
were  making  the  best  of  their  way  out  of  Jackson  on  the  road  leading  to 
Canton,  Miss.  At  about  noon  a heavy  column  of  smoke  arose  from  the 
beleaguered  city.  This  might  be  a signal  or  it  might  be  a large  conflagration,  we 
did  not  know  which.  We  have  since  learned  by  observation  that  it  was  occa- 
sioned by  the  burning  of  the  railroad  depot,  which  was  filled  with  army  stores. 

General  Sherman  opened  the  ball  on  the  right  at  about  9:00  o’clock  A.  M. 
I cannot  speak  in  detail  of  his  movements,  as  I did  not  witness  them,  being  on 
the  battle  ground  on  the  left  all  day.  The  part  he  took,  however,  can  be  judged 
from  his  casualty  list,  which  is  very  small,  only  two  or  three  killed  and  a pro- 
portionate number  wounded,  I believe.  After  the  rout  by  Crocker’s  men  the 
rebels  were  panic-stricken  all  along  the  line.  The  rebels  had  ten  thousand  men 
in  the  fight.  Had  we  postponed  the  engagement  half  a day  they  would  have 
had  twice  that  number,  as  re-enforcements  were  hourly  expected.  The  Twenty- 
fourth  South  Carolina  and  Forty-sixth  Georgia  arrived  last  night  from  Charles- 
ton. They  were  eight  days  in  coming.  There  were  several  regiments  of  Port 
Hudson  troops  in  the  fight. 

Our  loss  in  killed  and  wounded  will  reach  two  hundred,  all  sustained 
during  the  charge.  The  Seventeenth  Iowa  lost  heaviest.  The  rebel  loss  was 
less  than  ours,  owing  to  the  fact  that  they  were  under  heavy  cover,  while  our 
men  were  in  an  open  field.  We  took  probably  one  hundred  prisoners. 

Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston  arrived  in  Jackson  last  night  from  Tennessee  to 
direct  affairs  here.  On  learning  the  situation  he  expressed  himself  disgusted 
with  Pemberton’s  management  and  said  he  would  have  no  hand  in  it  as  defeat 
was  inevitable.  Pemberton  has  been  outgeneraled  by  Grant.  He  has  had  a 
heavy  force  at  Big  Black  bridge,  expecting  an  attack  there,  instead  of  strength- 
ening an  important  point  like  Jackson.  There  are  no  fortifications  here  except 
some  feeble  efforts  made  by  Governor  Pettus  last  winter,  which  are  so  situated 
that  au  attack  on  them  would  involve  the  destruction  of  the  city.  The  citi- 
zens here  are  very  loud  in  their  denunciations  of  Pemberton  and  declare  that 
he  has  sold  the  State  of  Mississippi  to  the  enemy.  We  arrived  in  Jackson 
about  three  o’clock  this  afternoon.  The  citizens  were  very  much  agitated  lest 
we  should  burn  their  town  and  do  such  other  deeds  as  can  only  be  conceived  in 
the  heart  of  a detested  Yankee.  We  found  a large  number  of  tents  pitched 
where  the  rebel  camps  had  been,  officers’  baggage  in  large  quantities,  etc., 
showing  all  the  evidences  of  a precipitate  retreat;  also,  five  Parrott  guns  and 
about  twenty  gun  carriages,  caissons,  etc. 


198 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


Our  losses  in  battle  were:  McPherson,  35  killed,  230 
wounded;  Sherman,  6 killed, 26  wounded  and  missing.  The 
enemy  lost  845  killed,  wounded  and  captured.  Our  forces 
captured  seventeen  cannon  and  the  enemy  destroyed  all  of 
their  stores.  Of  the  killed  and  wounded,  the  Seventeenth 
Iowa,  in  our  front,  lost  16  killed  and  64  wounded;  Sanborn’s 
brigade  lost  37  and  Holmes’  brigade  215,  out  of  about  1,000 
men  actually  engaged;  Boomer’s  brigade,  11;  Dillon’s  Sixth 
Wisconsin  Batter}',  2 wounded.  Logan’s  division  met  with  no 
loss.  (34,1,750.)  [Population  of  Jackson,  1880,  5,205.] 

May  loth  — Friday. — We  marched  at  daylight  west.  Passed 
through  Clinton  and  camped  about  five  miles  beyond  at  dark. 
Marched  fifteen  miles  to-day.  Our  men  have  no  hardtack 
now,  but  make  mush  of  cornmeal,  which  we  got  at  the  prison 
in  Jackson  and  which  they  carry  along  in  their  oyster  cans, 
and  at  every  rest  stop  and  eat  mush.  A soldier  eating  mush 
wants  to  eat  every  hour  at  least,  as  there  seems  to  be  no  “rib- 
sticking”  properties  to  it.  After  we  left  Jackson  and  as  we 
were  passing  a farmhouse  by  the  side  of  the  road,  a woman 
stood  by  the  gate  who  wanted  to  see  General  Grant.  She  said 
that  some  of  our  boys  had  taken  her  cow,  and  she  thought  that 
if  she  could  only  see  General  Grant  he  would  make  them  give 
it  up.  The  general  and  his  staff  were  just  riding  up  and  he 
was  pointed  out  to  her,  but  she  would  not  believe  that  it  was 
him,  he  was  dressed  so  plainly.  A staff  officer  was  riding  be- 
hind the  rest,  and  as  he  was  finely  clad,  she  called  to  him, 
thinking  he  was  the  general  and  that  we  were  fooling  her. 
The  officer  rode  up  and  pointed  ahead  to  the  general,  saying, 
“That  man  there  in  the  middle!”  Then  she  believed,  but  he 
had  passed. 

Champion  Hills. 

May  16th — Saturday.  — Started  at  7:00  a.  m.  Soon  heard 
heavy  firing  to  the  front.  We  got  to  the  battlefield  at  11:00 
A.  m.  Sly  says  : 

At  Baker’s  creek  or  Champion  Hills  the  regiment  charged  the  rebels  and 
drove  them  across  the  creek  into  the  woods.  The  regiment  got  lost  and  had  to 
return  to  our  lines.  I lost  the  regiment  and  went  up  the  hill  into  the  road  in 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


199 


the  rear  of  the  rebels,  and  could  see  large  numbers  of  them  over  in  the  field.  I 
returned  across  the  creek,  found  a wounded  man,  and  another  man  and  I put 
him  on  to  a litter  and  started  to  go  behind  Logan’s  battery,  when  the  rebels 
began  shelling  the  battery  very  hard.  The  shells  threw  the  dirt  over  us.  We 
carried  the  wounded  man  to  a ditch  and  laid  down  until  the  firing  stopped 
some;  then  carried  him  back  to  the  hospital.  I returned  to  the  regiment. 
After  the  rebels  retreated  we  were  in  the  road  in  the  dark,  and  ahorse  kicked 
another  one  and  that  made  the  men  jump  and  cock  their  guns.  There  was  some 
time  consumed  in  getting  everything  in  order  again.  We  passed  a rebel  bat- 
tery piled  up  in  the  road  between  two  gateposts,  where  the  forward  horses  had 
got  shot  and  the  rest  run  onto  them  before  they  could  stop.  Camped  late  at 
night  near  the  battlefield. 

On  the  night  of  the  fifteenth,  Gen.  Alvin  P.  Hovey’s  Twelfth 
Division  of  General  McClernand’s  corps  rested  near  Bolton 
Station,  and  on  the  sixteenth  was  in  the  advance  of  McPher- 
son’s troops.  Two  roads  diverge  from  the  road  extending 
from  Raymond  to  Bolton  and  lead  to  Edward’s  Station.  Mc- 
Clernand’s other  three  divisions  marched  on  these:  Osterhaus’ 
Ninth, followed  by  Carr’s  Fourteenth  on  the  northern, and  A.  J. 
Smith’s  Tenth  on  the  southern.  Blair’s  division  of  Sherman’s 
Fifteenth  Corps  also  marched  in  rear  of  Smith’s  division.  All 
were  marching  toward  Edward’s  Station,  near  which  place  it 
was  expected  to  meet  Pemberton  and  his  army.  Grant’s 
movements  after  crossing  the  Mississippi  river  had  bewildered 
and  misled  Pemberton,  who  expected  the  Union  general  would 
have  his  base  for  supplies  at  Grand  Gulf,  or  some  other  point 
on  the  river,  accordingto  the  rules  of  military  science, and  oper- 
ate from  that  place  against  Vicksburg.  He  therefore  kept  his 
army  on  the  defensive  covering  that  city.  After  the  battle  at 
Raymond  he  concluded  to  attack  Grant’s  army  and  cut  it  off 
from  its  base.  The  Union  army  had  no  base.  It  was  living 
off  of  the  country.  At  5:00  o’clock  p.m.  of  the  fifteenth,  Pem- 
berton’s army  marched  from  Edward’s  Station  toward  Ray- 
mond and  halted,  at  about  3:00  a.  m.  of  the  sixteenth,  six  miles 
from  the  place  of  starting.  At  6:00  A.  M.  of  the  sixteenth  a 
courier  from  Johnston  arrived  and  informed  Pemberton  of  the 
defeat  at  Jackson  and  instructed  him  to  move  to  the  north  side 
of  the  railroad  and  join  Johnston’s  army  as  soon  as  possible 
near  Canton.  For  this  purpose  Pemberton’s  army  had  begun 
its  retrograde  movement  over  the  same  route  it  had  traveled 


200 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


when  our  advancing  pickets  on  the  Raymond  roads  opened  a 
vigorous  skirmish  which,  before  half-past  ten,  had  grown  into 
a small  battle. 

Midway,  or  Champion’s  Hill,  is  equi-distant  from  Jackson 
and  Vicksburg.  It  is  a high  promontory,  sixty  or  seventy  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  surrounding  country,  bald  on  its  top  and 
mostly  covered  with  woods  which  partly  extend  down  its  sides. 
Undulating  fields  extend  to  the  north  and  northeast,  and  at  its 
eastern  base  is  a deep  ravine  with  a thick  growth  of  woods 
and  tangled  vines,  which,  running  off  to  our  right,  terminated 
at  Baker’s  creek.  The  wagon  road  extending  from  Clinton  to 
Edward’s  Station,  after  passing  the  residence  of  Mr.  Champion, 
turns  southward  and  ascends  the  hill  to  its  top  on  its  eastern 
side,  and  then  turning  northwest  descends  it  by  a gentle  de- 
clivity and  then  on  to  Baker’s  creek,  a little  less  than  a mile 
away. 

Pemberton  formed  his  three  divisions  into  line  by  placing 
Gen.  W.  W.  Boring’s  on  the  right,  Gen.  John  S.  Bowen’s  in 
the  centre  and  Gen.  Carter  L.  Stevenson’s  on  the  left,  which 
rested  on  the  natural  fortress,  Champion’s  Hill.  This  last 
division  bore  the  brunt  of  the  ensuing  battle  and  consisted  of 
four  brigades  and  Waul’s  Texas  Legion,  and  was  formed  by 
placing  Gen.  Stephen  D.  Lee’s  Alabama  Brigade  on  the  left, 
then  Gen.  A.  Cumming’s  Georgians  on  its  right;  then  Rey- 
nold’s Tennesseeans;  then  Barton’s  Georgia  Brigade.  The  line 
of  Lee  and  Cumming  was  formed  on  the  crest  of  the  hill, 
where  the  heaviest  fighting  subsequently  occurred.  The  whole 
line  of  battle  was  about  three  miles  long  and  crossed  both  of 
the  Raymond  roads.  Along  its  entire  eastern  front  the  ground 
was  a chaos  of  ravines,  narrow  hills  with  steep  sides,  and  all 
was  covered  with  a dense  growth  of  wood  and  brush,  except 
the  narrow  public  road  on  which  Osterhaus  and  Carr  were 
marching,  which  wound,  like  a small  serpent,  over  the  ground, 
and  along  which  it  was  impossible  to  see  over  a hundred 
yards.  We  doubt  if  the  rebels  could  have  selected  in  the  state 
a field  better  suited  to  their  purpose. 

At  about  10:00  A.  m.  Hovey’s  advance  struck  the  skirmishers 
of  Cumming  and  Lee.  Hovey  had  two  brigades.  He  formed 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


201 


the  one  commanded  by  Col.  James  B.  Slack  on  the  left  of  the 
Clinton  road,  the  other — Gen.  George  F.  McGinnis’  — across 
the  road  and  to  its  right.  When  General  Logan  came  up  he 
formed  Gen.  M.  D.  Leggett’s  brigade  on  the  right  of  McGin- 
nis’, Gen.  John  E.  Smith’s  on  Leggett’s  right  and  Gen.  John 
D.  Stevenson’s  in  reserve,  behind  the  other  two.  Capt.  Samuel 
De  Golyer’s  battery  was  placed  two  hundred  yards  in  rear  of 
Leggett,  Rogers’  battery  on  Smith’s  right  and  behind  all,  on  a 
commanding  ridge  in  the  rear,  Captain  Williams’  Third  Ohio 
Battery  as  a reserve. 

About  11:30  a.  m.  Ilovey’s  troops  advanced,  opened 
the  battle  and  were  warmly  supported  by  those  under 
Logan,  whose  brigades  were  in  the  open  field,  about  one 
thousand  two  hundred  feet  distant  from  the  enemy.  As  our 
line  advanced  it  became  crescent-shaped,  conforming  to  the 
shape  of  the  hill  in  its  front,  whose  sides  were  scarred  by 
ravines  which  impeded  the  troops  in  their  advance.  ILovey’s 
men  gallantly  drove  the  enemy  full  six  hundred  yards,  and 
scaled  the  heights,  capturing  eleven  pieces  of  artillery  and 
several  hundred  prisoners.  The  enemy  rallied,  was  re-enforced 
by  Bowen’s  division  and  drove  them  back,  taking  back  several 
of  their  cannon.  The  contest  raged  back  and  forth  over  the 
same  ground.  Meanwhile  Logan’s  men  had  been  heavily  en- 
gaged against  the  enemy,  attacking  them  from  the  north.  The 
ground  in  front  of  Leggett  and  Smith  was  hotly  contested. 
Barton’s  brigade  and  several  batteries  re-enforced  Lee’s  left  and 
contested  every  foot.  Stevenson’s  troops  during  this  engage- 
ment finally  moved  up  on  the  right  of  Smith,  drove  the  enemy 
from  his  chosen  position  and  he  retired  under  cover  of  a 
second  ridge.  In  the  meantime  they  had  planted  a battery  in 
Stevenson’s  front  to  open  an  enfilading  fire  on  the  other  two 
brigades.  Stevenson  swung  round  his  right,  then  charged, 
and  driving  the  supports  from  the  guns,  captured  five  pieces, 
and  having  turned  the  left  flank  of  the  enemy,  drove  them  on  to 
the  ground  before  Smith  and  Leggett,  whose  troops  had  been 
fighting  desperately  and  suffering  from  a severe  enfilading  fire. 
A united  effort  of  the  three  brigades  finally  resulted  in  the 
rout  of  the  rebels  in  that  part  of  the  field,  the  capture  of 
several  more  cannon  and  several  hundreds  of  prisoners. 


202 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


These  movements  carried  Logan’s  troops  far  to  the  right  and 
in  rear  of  the  enemy  and  left  a long  interval  on  the  right  of 
Hovey.  Quinby’s  division,  commanded  by  Crocker,  being 
near  at  hand,  with  Boomer’s  brigade  in  the  advance,  this  bri- 
gade was,  after  some  delay  in  getting  an  order  from  General 
Grant,  sent  into  the  gap  next  to  Hovey,  and  soon  after  that  the 
Fourth  Minnesota  and  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  also  went  in  on 
the  right  front  and  helped  to  till  the  space.  By  the  time  they 
had  got  into  position  Colonel  Sanborn  sent  in  the  Forty-eighth 
Indiana  and  Eighteenth  Wisconsin  on  the  left  fronton  Hovey’s 
right.  All  of  these  troops  were  not  sufficient  to  drive  the 
enemy. 

It  was  a very  critical  period  in  the  battle,  and  while  Stevenson 
had  turned  the  enemy’s  left  flank  and  cut  off  his  retreat  by  the 
main  roads,  he  seemed  determined  to  turn  ours  at  this  point  and 
cut  our  army  in  two.  Grant,  McPherson  and  their  staffs  were 
opposite  the  dangerously  long  interval  which  we  did  not 
have  troops  enough  to  fill.  At  about  3:00  P.  m.  Hovey  sta- 
tioned sixteen  guns  belonging  to  the  batteries  of  Schofield, 
Murdock  and  Dillon  in  the  open  field  beyond  a slight  mound 
on  his  right.  Colonel  Holmes  had  come  up  with  the  Seven- 
teenth Iowa  and  Tenth  Missouri  on  the  double-quick  through 
the  stifling  dust  and  burning  sun.  These  regiments  forced 
their  way  up  the  hill,  driving  the  enemy  before  them,  crowning 
its  summit  and  retaking  several  of  the  guns  Hovey’s  troops  had 
before  taken  and  lost,  and  the  sixteen  guns  opening  a brisk 
cannonade,  encouraged  our  men.  The  rebels  soon  broke 
and  left  the  field.  The  battle  was  over  by  4:00  P.  M.  and  the 
enemy  were  marching  across-lots  and  through  the  woods  to 
make  their  escape.  Stevenson’s  brigade  and  De  Golyer’s  bat- 
tery started  at  once  on  the  double-quick  in  pursuit  on  the  Clin- 
ton road  to  head  them  off  their  rapid  advance;  a shell- 
ing by  the  battery  and  also  the  advance  of  Carr’s  division  of 
the  Thirteenth  Corps  on  the  middle  Raymond  road  prevented 
Loring’s  division  from  crossing  the  creek.  On  finding  they 
could  not  cross  the  stream  by  the  bridges,  because  of  the  rapid 
advance  of  Logan’s  troops,  the  divisions  of  Bowen  and  Steven- 
son crossed  below  at  a ford.  Loring’s  troops  remaining  behind 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


203 


to  protect  the  rear  were  cut  off,  and  after  abandoning  all  of  their 
artillery  — and  without  the  wagon  train  which  contained  their 
cooking  utensils,  which  had  crossed  and  gone  toward  Vicksburg 
— they  made  their  escape  by  marching  from  thefieldin  asouth- 
westerly  direction,  and  then,  by  traveling  through  the  woods 
and  on  by-roads,  passed  between  Raymond  and  Utica,  and 
on  the  evening  of  the  seventeenth  struck  the  railroad  about 
twenty -live  miles  south  of  Jackson. 

We  captured  thirty  pieces  of  artillery  in  this  battle. 

LOSSES  OF  THE  ARMY. 


Division. 

KILLED. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

Total. 

211 

872 

119 

1,202 

403 

48 

326 

29 

123 

539 

662 

14 

76 

20 

110 

1 

2 

3 

24 

4 

28 

397 

1,837 

174 

2,408 

LOSSES  OF  CROCKER’S  DIVISION. 


Brigade. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

Total. 

12 

87 

4 

103 

in 

388 

u 

510 

2 

2 

51 

56 

128 

528 

15 

671 

Quinby  says  he  joined  the  army  on  the  sixteenth,  just  as  it 
was  about  to  perform  its  part  in  the  battle,  and  it  was  not 
deemed  proper  to  relieve  Crocker  at  that  time.  He  resumed 
command  of  his  division  on  the  morning  of  the  seventeenth. 
Holmes’  brigade  w^as  left  behind  to  help  clear  up  the  battlefield. 

Colonel  Sanborn  states  in  his  report: 

On  the  morning  of  the  sixteenth  I moved  my  command  at  an  early  hour 
along  the  road  toward  Bolton  and  Edward’s  Depot,  following  the  Third  Brigade 
and  Logan’s  division.  I had  marched  but  an  hour  and  a half  when  rapid  firing 
of  artillery  in  front  again  announced  the  presence  of  the  enemy.  My  com- 
mand moved  forward  rapidly,  and  arrived  upon  the  field  about  the  time  the 
engagement  became  general.  I formed,  as  ordered,  under  cover  of  the  woods  at 


204 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


the  right  of  De  Golyer’s  battery  and  about  four  hundred  yards  distant.  During 
this  formation  I was  under  a light  fire  of  artillery  and  musketry,  from  which  I 
lost  a few  officers  and  men.  As  soon  as  my  command  was  reformed  I received 
an  order  from  General  McPherson,  commanding  the  corps,  to  send  two  regi- 
ments immediately  to  the  support  of  De  Golyer’s  battery.  I ordered  forward 
the  Fifty-ninth  Indiana,  with  instructions  to  form  on  the  left  of  the  battery, 
and  the  Fourth  Minnesota,  with  instructions  to  form  on  its  right.  This  order 
was  complied  with  in  double-quick  time,  and  about  the  same  time  the  regi- 
ments were  so  formed  the  enemy  commenced  falling  back  at  this  point  (the 
enemy’s  left),  and  the  regiments  advanced,  the  Fourth  Minnesota  across  the 
ravine,  capturing  118  prisoners,  and  the  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  into  the  ravine, 
bearing  further  to  the  left,  the  enemy’s  line  crossing  the  ravine  diagonally 
at  this  point,  capturing  here  the  colors  of  the  Forty-sixth  Alabama  Regiment 
[Sergt.  John  Ford,  Company  C,  Fifty-ninth  Indiana,  captured  them] 
and  many  prisoners.  These  regiments  retained  their  positions  on  the  right 
of  our  lines  until  the  close  of  the  engagement  — about  three  hours.  By  the 
time  these  two  regiments  had  got  into  position  on  the  right  and  left  of  the 
battery  I was  ordered  to  take  the  other  two  of  my  command  — the  Forty 
eighth  Indiana  and  Eighteenth  Wisconsin  — about  one  hundred  rods  to  the  east 
of  the  battery  and  form  there  in  the  edge  of  the  woods  in  support  of  what 
seemed  to  be  General  Hovey’s  right.  The  Forty-eighth  Indiana  Regiment 
immediately  went  into  position  under  a most  galling  fire  of  musketry,  and 
retained  it  for  at  least  three  hours  and  long  after  the  regiments  on  its  right  and 
left  had  given  way,  and  then  fell  back  by  my  order  a short  distance  to  replen- 
ish ammunition  only  after  it  was  exhausted,  but  stood  like  a wall  of  adamant 
wherever  it  was  placed  till  the  close  of  the  engagement.  The  Eighteenth 
Wisconsin  was  moved  from  right  to  left  and  back  two  or  three  times,  by  order 
of  the  general  commanding,  as  the  attack  was  made  more  fiercely  on  either 
hand.  The  regiment  moved  with  great  promptness  and  held  every  position 
firmly  until  removed  by  orders.  After  this  engagement  ceased  I moved  for- 
ward on  the  Vicksburg  road  about  three  miles  and  bivouacked  for  the  night. 
My  loss  in  the  action  at  Champion’s  Hill  is  as  follows: 


Command. 

Enlisted 

Men 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Officers. 

Enlisted 

Men. 

3 

2 

33 

1 

9 

Fourth  Minnesota 

i 

1 

i 

2 

3 

5 

5 

46 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Tourtellotte  said,  in  liis  official  report: 

At  Champion’s  Hill,  near  Bolton,  Miss.,  we  came  up  to  the  line  formed  by 
Generals  Hovey’s  and  Logan’s  divisions,  who  were  already  engaging  the  ene- 
my. My  regiment  was  placed  on  the  right  of  a battery  as  a support  therefor. 
Almost  immediately,  however,  by  order  of  General  McPherson,  my  regiment 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


205 


was  ordered  to  hasten  forward  and  assist  the  right  of  General  Logan’s  division, 
which  was  reported  to  be  hard-pressed.  The  men  threw  their  knapsacks  and 
blankets  from  their  shoulders  and  dashed  forward  in  the  direction  indicated,  at 
the  double-quick  step,  up  the  hill,  into  the  woods  and  upon  a body  of  the 
enemy,  of  whom  my  regiment  captured  118.  Directly,  finding  myself  some 
distance  in  front  of  and  unsupported  on  either  side  by  the  line  formed  by  the 
remainder  of  the  troops,  and  finding  that  the  enemy  was  massing  a heavy  force 
in  front,  I sent  my  adjutant  to  General  McPherson  to  report  our  situation  and 
ask  for  instructions.  Almost  at  the  same  time  the  enemy  opened  upon  us  with 
artillery.  I caused  the  men  to  lie  down,  where  they  remained,  sheltered  by 
the  crest  of  the  hill,  until  I received  orders  to  draw  the  regiment  back,  so  as  to 
connect  with  the  right  of  such  troops  as  I found  first  in  my  rear.  This  was 
executed  and  the  regiment  formed  on  the  right  of  Colonel  Leggett’s  brigade  of 
General  Logan’s  division.  Here  we  remained  about  an  hour,  when  the  line  of 
march  to  the  front  was  again  resumed,  when  I joined  my  regiment  to  the  bal- 
ance of  Colonel  Sanborn’s  brigade.  My  loss  in  the  regiment  was  Captain 
Thompson  and  Private  Michael  Dolan  of  Company  E,  both  wounded,  the  cap- 
tain severely. 

We  wrote  to  General  Tourtellotte  for  his  reason  for  threaten- 
ing to  shoot  the  first  man  of  his  regiment  at  this  battle  who 
fired  at  the  enemy,  and  under  date  of  Oct.  18,  1887,  he  says: 

The  circumstance  of  threatening  to  shoot  our  men  at  Champion’s  Hill  was 
this:  As  the  Fourth  came  into  line  of  battle  that  day,  General  Logan  sent  by 
staff  officer  to  General  McPherson,  asking  for  re-enforcements.  General  Mc- 
Pherson immediately  ordered  our  regiment  forward  and  told  the  staff  officer  to 
direct  me.  The  staff  officer  pointed  out  the  direction  and  then  left  me.  But 
Logan  had  gone  to  the  right  and  our  advance  led  us  through  a gap  in  our  lines 
upon  quite  a body  of  the  enemy.  On  our  left  we  had  gone  quite  beyond  the 
first  line  of  the  enemy.  I sent  notice  of  our  position  to  General  McPherson  and 
he  directed  me  to  move  back  to  a hill  in  our  rear,  which  I did.  But  meantime 
the  enemy  on  our  left  broke  and  ran.  The  enemy  in  going  to  the  rear  were 
quite  disorganized,  and  passing  near  our  left  and  front  I wished  to  capture 
them.  My  regiment  commenced  to  fire  upon  the  retreating  enemy,  some  of 
whom  threw  down  their  guns  and  up  their  hands  in  token  of  surrender.  Do 
you  think  I could  allow  such  men  to  be  fired  upon?  Two  or  three  companies 
of  the  regiment  were  wheeled  about  to  capture  these  retreating  rebels,  and 
118  (perhaps  more)  were  sent  to  the  rear  as  prisoners.  More  might  have  been 
captured,  but  I did  not  think  best  to  change  front  of  my  whole  regiment  when 
the  enemy  were  in  force  on  the  other  side  of  the  road,  and  by  extending  our 
front  further  to  the  left  we  should  have  risked  the  shots  from  our  own  troops 
who  had  forced  the  enemy  to  retreat. 

When  the  fighting  ceased  we  walked  along  the  wooded  hill 
and  examined  the  artillery  captured  from  the  enemy,  and,  un- 
less mistaken,  counted  twenty-eight  pieces  which  had  been  cap- 


206 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


tured  and  which  the  enemy  had  abandoned  in  the  road  after 
taking  away  the  horses.  We  saw  one  battery  upon  the  brow 
of  the  hill.  Some  of  the  horses  had  been  killed,  and  upon  one 
of  them  sat  its  rider, — dead.  The  animal  lay  on  the  side  of  a 
sharp  little  slope  so  that  the  right  leg  of  the  rider  was  under 
its  bod}'  while  the  other  was  extended  naturally,  with  the  foot 
in  the  stirrup.  He  held  the  bridle  rein  in  his  right  hand  and 
with  eyes  wide  open,  as  if  looking  to  the  front,  sat  upright  in 
the  saddle  as  naturally  as  if  still  alive.  His  features  looked 
like  marble,  and  he  was  apparently  not  over  seventeen  years  of 
age.  Near  to  this  battery  we  counted  fully  a dozen  ramrods 
that  the  soldiers  had  fired  into  the  trees  and  which  were 
fastened  in  them  and  sticking  out,  our  men  being  apparently 
in  too  great  a burry  to  remove  the  ramrods  before  firing.  The 
enemy  had  evidently  been  driven  from  his  guns  before  our 
regiment  came  on  that  part  of  the  field. 

The  residence  of  Mr.  Champion  — a two-story  white  frame 
on  the  left  of  the  road  where  it  turned  up  the  hill  — was  used 
as  one  of  the  hospitals  for  our  wounded.  After  our  forces  had 
left,  the  Confederates  came  and  paroled  the  wounded.  Capt.  J. 
M.  Thompson  of  Company  E was  anxious  to  save  his  sword 
and  revolver,  so  he  had  his  servant  secrete  them  for  him,  and 
thus  preserved  them.  He  says  he  was  the  only  one  out  of  about 
two  hundred  who  managed  to  save  his  arms. 

Captain  Thompson  writes,  under  date  of  March  22,  1888: 

I was  shot  through  the  body  (left  lung)  at  Champion’s  Hill*  and  was  reported 
by  Surg.  J.  H.  Murphy  mortally  wounded.  When  our  army  moved  on 
to  Vicksburg  I was  left  with  others  reported  as  mortally  wounded  at  Bowles’ 
plantation  house.  The  rebels  soon  came  up.  Their  surgeon  reported  me  mor- 
tally wounded  and  left  me  within  the  rebel  lines  to  die,  and  I was  reported  as 
dead  in  the  St.  Paul  papers.  I was  paroled  at  the  same  plantation  by  Captain 
Terry  of  the  Confederate  service,  and  in  September,  1863,  was  exchanged ; on 
Jan.  14,  1864,  was  promoted  to  first  major  of  the  Second  Minnesota  Cavalry 
and  was  mustered  out  at  St.  Paul,  to  take  effect  May  1,  1865. 

Bowles’  house  was  a log  building  on  the  south  side  of  the 
main  road  and  east  of  Champion’s  house. 

[*This  battle  is  called  in  the  official  war  records  Champion’s 
Hill,  but  with  our  men  it  was  called  Champion  Hills. — Ed.] 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


207 


On  moving  our  regimental  property  from  Smith’s  plantation  the  teams 
were  too  heavily  loaded  and  Corp.  Leo  Cook  of  Company  B was  detailed  as 
one  of  the  guards.  The  property  was  loaded  on  a steamboat  at  Hard  Times. 
The  captain  of  the  boat  told  the  guards  that  he  would  not  leave  until  the  next 
morning  and  ten  of  the  boys  camped  on  shore,  but  at  daylight  the  boat  had 
gone.  The  guards  then  marched  down  the  river  to  opposite  Grand  Gulf, 
hoisted  a flag  of  truce  made  of  a shirt,  and  at  about  4:00  o’clock  p.  m.  a boat 
came  and  took  them  across  the  river.  Cook  got  a pass  from  the  commander  of 
the  post  at  Grand  Gulf  for  eleven  and  they  started  to  join  the  regiment. 
While  eating  dinner  one  day  they  were  fired  upon  by  the  enemy,  but  fortu- 
nately, none  of  them  were  hit.  They  then  left  the  main  road  going  to  Ray- 
mond and  traveled  on  by-roads  and  through  the  woods,  and  by  the  advice  of 
negroes  managed  to  escape  capture.  They  captured  eleven  stragglers  of  the 
enemy,  turned  them  over  to  our  cavalry  and  joined  our  army  at  the  Big  Black 
river;  they  were  themselves  then  arrested  as  stragglers,  but  managed  to  run 
the  guard  and  joined  the  regiment  in  rear  of  Vicksburg. — [Coofc’s  Statement .] 


CHAPTER  IX. 


At  Edward’s  Depot — Bridging  the  Big  Black  River  — On  to  Vicksburg  — De- 
scription of  the  Ground  upon  which  the  City  is  Built — Formation  of  the 
Lines  — Assault  on  the  Twenty-second  of  May;  Incidents  and  Official  Re- 
ports— Rebel  Account  — List  of  Our  Casualties — Draw  Our  First  Full 
Rations — March  to  Mechanicsburg  and  Return  — Incidents  of  the  Siege — 
Lifting  Fort  Hill  — Wooden  Mortars  — Siege  Batteries— Letter  from  Col- 
onel Offley  — Rebel  Ten-inch  Mortar  Shells  — Coonskin’s  Tower — Liquid 
Hardware  as  Canned  Goods  — Official  Statement  of  Losses  in  Our  Army 
from  May  1 to  July  4,  1863. 

May  17tli — Sunday.  — Marched  through  Edward’s  Depot 
[population,  1880,  421]  to  the  Big  Black  river  near  by 
and  camped  about  three  miles  east  of  the  railroad  bridge,  be- 
tween the  railroad  and  river.  We  marched  six  miles  to-day. 
Heard  the  cannonading  at  the  battle  of  the  Big  Black  bridge. 
Clear  and  hot.  Good  roads  and  good  water.  We  have  lots 
of  cotton  here  for  beds.  At  night  we  were  detailed  and  aided 
in  building  a bridge  across  the  river  at  this  point,  and  using 
cotton-gin  and  dwelling-house  boards  and  timbers,  we  con- 
structed cribs  which  we  filled  with  cotton  bales  and  made  a 
floating  bridge  102  feet  long.  Capt.  S.  R.  Tresilian,  engineer 
officer  of  the  Third  Division,  had  supervision  of  the  work. 
The  enemy  was  found  at  the  Big  Black  bridge  in  a strongly 
intrenched  position,  and  almost  immediately  after  our  lines 
were  formed  our  men  assaulted  and  carried  the  works,  captur- 
ing almost  the  entire  rebel  force  prisoners,  with  all  of  their 
batteries  and  camp  and  garrison  equipage  that  was  on  the  west 
side  of  the  stream.  The  Thirteenth  Corps,  Logan’s  division, and 
Ransom’s  brigade  of  McArthur’s  division  of  the  Seventeenth 
Corps  crossed  near  to  that  place.  The  Fifteenth  Corps  crossed 
at  Bridgeport,  and  all  moved  forward  on  the  eighteenth  to  the 
lines  at  Vicksburg  that  evening.  Several  of  the  Forty-eighth 
Indiana  boys  built  a fire  and  while  making  coffee  used  “an 
old  abandoned  shell  ” that  laid  on  the  ground  near  by  to  help 
hold  up  their  coffee  kettle.  The  shell  exploded  but  injured 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


209 


no  one.  Joe  Armes,  Marvin  Pond  and  J.  F.  Withee  of  Com- 
pany B of  our  regiment  were  standing  near  the  fire  at  the 
time.  Our  five  regimental  teams  left  behind  at  Smith’s  plan- 
tation overtook  us  to-day. 

May  18th — Monday. — The  bridge  was  completed  by  8:00 
A.  M.,  and  the  artillery  and  trains  passed  across  the  Big  Black 
while  we  guarded  the  bridge. 

May  19th — Tuesday. — Formed  line  of  battle  at  5:00  p.  m. 
The  prisoners  passed  us.  We  crossed  the  river  at  10:00  p.  m. 
Tore  up  the  bridge.  Marched  two  miles  and  camped.  Can 
hear  cannonading  at  Vicksburg. 

On  the  morning;  of  the  eighteenth  my  command,  with  the  Third  Brigade, 
crossed  the  river  and  moved  forward  toward  Vicksburg.  When  about  three 
miles  west  of  the  river  I was  ordered  to  return  to  the  east  side  of  the  Big 
Black  and  remain  there,  guarding  all  trains  coming  up  and  the  bridge  until 
Colonel  Holmes  should  come  up  from  the  battlefield  with  his  brigade.  I 
immediately  returned,  bivouacked  my  command  on  the  same  ground  left  in 
the  morning  and  remained  there  till  the  evening  of  the  nineteenth,  when 
Colonel  Holmes  with  his  command  came  up  and  I again  crossed  the  river  and 
bivouacked  about  two  miles  west  of  it  that  night.  On  the  twentieth  came 
forward  to  the  rear  of  Vicksburg,  marching  a distance  of  seventeen  miles,  with 
a most  intense  heat  and  suffocating  dust  all  day. — [Sanborn's  Report .] 

On  the  supposition  that  the  enemy  would  not  fight  after 
their  defeat  at  Champion’s  Hill  and  the  Big  Black,  General 
Grant  ordered  an  assault  on  the  works  at  Vicksburg  at  2:00' 
p.  M.  of  the  nineteenth.  It  was  made  and  our  forces  were 
repulsed. 

May  £0th — Wednesday. — We  marched  eighteen  miles  to  the 
rear  of  our  lines,  investing  Vicksburg,  and  could  hear  skirmish- 
ing all  day.  Camped  in  a ravine  two  miles  from  the  rebel 
works.  Very  hot  and  dusty.  Our  lines  of  communication 
were  open  to-day  via  Haines’  Bluff  and  the  Yazoo  river  to  the 
Mississippi  river,  and  our  army  is  being  supplied  with  food 
from  that  place. 

May  21st — Thursday. — Road  opened  to  Chickasaw  Bayou. 
We  were  assigned  to  our  position  in  the  line  of  investment  on 
the  north  of  the  railroad,  and  also  north  of  the  wagon  road  to 
Baldwin’s  Ferry.  General  Logan’s  division  joins  ours  on  the 
right.  We  are  in  the  centre  of  the  line  south  of  Fort  Hill,  in  a 
14 


210 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


deep  ravine  about  half  a mile  from  the  rebel  works.  Spent 
bullets  came  over  and  wounded  three  men.  Plenty  of  cane- 
brake.  Hard  to  get  around.  We  lie  on  the  edge  of  the  hill 
and  cannot  expose  ourselves  without  being  fired  at.  Hot  and 
clear.  No  roads  to  or  from  our  lines.  Poor  water.  The  bal- 
ance of  McArthur’s  division  of  the  Seventeenth  Corps  that  had 
been  guarding  our  cracker  line  on  the  Louisiana  side  crossed 
the  river  at  Warrenton,  and  to-day  went  into  position  on  the 
line  of  investment  extending  from  Hall’s  Ferry  road  to  the 
crest  of  the  hill  immediately  on  the  river.  It  was  subsequently 
relieved  by  Herron’s  division. 


Description  of  The  Ground. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  siege  the  defenses  were  essentially  the  same  as  at 
its  close,  making  the  place  an  intrenched  camp  four  miles  long  and  two  miles 
wide,  the  line  of  defense  not  following  its  windings,  being  seven  miles 
long  and  well  adapted  to  the  ground.  Perhaps  the  best  idea  of  the  ground 
around  Vicksburg  may  be  obtained  by  supposing  that  originally  a plateau 
having  from  two  hundred  to  three  hundred  feet  elevation  here  reached  the 
Mississippi.  That  the  fine  soil,  which  when  cut  vertically  will  remain  so  for 
years,  has  gradually  been  washed  away  by  rains  and  streams  till  the  plateau 
has  disappeared,  leaving  in  its  place  an  intricate  network  of  ravines  and 
ridges,  the  latter  everywhere  sharp,  and  the  former  only  having  level  bottoms 
when  their  streams  become  of  some  size.  It  has  already  been  said  that  the 
soil  when  out  vertically  will  remain  so  for  years.  For  this  reason  the  sides  of 
the  smaller  and  newer  ravines  were  often  so  steep  that  their  ascent  was  difficult 
to  a footman  unless  he  aided  himself  with  his  hands.  The  sides  of  the  ravines 
were  usually  wooded,  but  near  the  enemy’s  line  the  trees  had  been  felled, 
forming  in  many  places  entanglements  which  under  fire  were  absolutely  im- 
passable. At  Vicksburg  the  Mississippi  river  runs  nearly  south  and  the 
streams  which  enter  it  from  the  east  run  southwest.  One  such  stream  enters 
the  river  five  miles  below  the  city,  and  the  dividing  ridge  which  separates  two 
of  its  branches  was  that  on  which  the  defensive  line  east  of  the  city  was 
placed.  (24,  2,  169.) 

The  Confederate  troops  defending  Vicksburg  consisted  of 
Gen.  M.  L.  Smith’s  division,  north  of  the  city  and  in  front  of 
Gen.  Frank  Steele,  composed  of  the  brigades  of  Shoup,  Bald- 
win, Vaughn  and  Buford;  then  General  Forney’s  division, 
with  Moore’s  and  Hebert’s  brigades.  These  were  our  old 
antagonists  at  luka  and  Corinth  and  in  our  front  here.  Then 
Stevenson’s  division,  composed  of  Burton’s,  Cummings’,  Lee’s 


Showing  the  front  of  the  Seventh  Division,  Seventeenth  Army  Corps,  with  the  Jackson  wagon  road  and  explosion  at  Fort  Hill  oi 
the  right,  and  Battery  Archer  on  the  left.  The  meeting  between  Generals  Grant  and  Pemberton  was  at  the  place  represented  by  thi 
two  small  trees  on  the  right  near  Fort  Hill. 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


211 


and  Reynold’s  brigades,  these  being  on  the  right  of  their  line 
toward  the  river  from  the  railroad.  Bowen’s  division,  com- 
posed of  Green’s  and  Cochran’s  brigades,  was  in  reserve, 
General  Waul’s  cavalry  being  dismounted  and  acting  with 
Stevenson’s  division.  The  Confederates  had  along  their  line 
thirty-six  siege  guns  and  128  cannon,  besides  forty-four  heavy 
guns  in  batteries  along  the  river. 

In  the  line  of  investment  Steele’s  division  of  Sherman’s 
corps  rested  its  right  on  the  Mississippi  river  above  the  city. 
On  its  left  was  Blair’s  division,  and  during  a part  of  the 
siege  these  two  were  supported  by  Tuttle’s  division.  Next 
on  Blair’s  left  came  Ransom’s  brigade  of  McArthur’s  divi- 
sion; then  Logan’s  division;  next  Quinby’s;  then  came  Mc- 
Clernand’s  corps,  with  A.  J.  Smith’s  division  covering 
Baldwin’s  Ferry  road,  and  south  of  the  railroad  the  divisions 
of  Carr,  Osterhaus  and  Hovey.  McArthur’s  division,  except 
Ransom’s  brigade,  on  May  21st  moved  on  to  the  line  to 
the  left  of  Hovey,  but  was  withdrawn,  and  on  the  twenty-third 
of  May  took  post  in  rear  of  Logan  as  reserve  to  McPherson’s 
corps.  On  May  24th  Lauman’s  division  arrived  from  Memphis, 
was  ferried  across  the  river  and  joined  on  to  Hovey’s  left. 
On  the  eleventh  of  June  General  Herron’s  division  arrived 
from  the  north  and  completed  the  line  of  investment  between 
Lauman’s  troops  and  the  Mississippi  river  below  the  city. 

An  Unlucky  Day. 

Badeau  says: 

At  three  o’clock  on  the  morning  of  the  twenty-second  the  cannonade  began 
from  the  land  side.  Every  available  gun  was  brought  to  bear  on  the  works. 
Sharpshooters  at  the  same  time  began  their  part  of  the  action  and  nothing 
could  be  heard  but  continued  shrieking  of  shells,  the  heavy  booming  of  cannon 
and  the  sharp  whiz  of  the  minie-balls  as  they  sped  with  fatal  accuracy  toward 
the  devoted  town.  Vicksburg  was  encircled  by  a girdle  of  lire;  on  river  and 
shore  a line  of  mighty  cannon  poured  destruction  from  their  fiery  throats, 
while  the  mortars  played  incessantly  and  made  the  heavens  themselves  seem  to 
drop  down  malignant  meteors  on  the  rebellious  stronghold.  The  bombard- 
ment was  the  most  terrible  during  the  siege,  and  continued  without  intermis- 
sion until  nearly  eleven  o’clock,  while  the  sharpshooters  kept  up  such  a rapid 
and  galling  fire  that  the  rebel  cannoneers  could  seldom  rise  to  load  their  pieces. 
The  enemy  was  thus  able  to  make  only  ineffectual  replies  and  the  formation  ol 
the  columns  of  attack  was  undisturbed. 


212 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


The  assault  cost  the  Union  army  three  thousand  in  killed 
and  wounded. 

May  22d — Friday. — At  3:00  A.  m.  our  batteries  opened. 
Our  regiment  advanced  in  single  file  at  9:00  a.  m.  till  we  got 
close  to  the  rebel  works  and  formed  in  line.  The  rebels  could 
not  hit  us  there.  We  came  back  past  camp  at  4:00  P.  M. 
and  went  to  help  McClernand.  Advanced  up  a ravine  close  to 
a rebel  fort  and  got  fifty-four  killed  and  wounded.  After  dark 
we  fell  back  to  the  railroad  bridge.  Hot. 

We  quote  from  a letter  from  General  Tourtellotte: 

An  officer,  not  very  well  known  in  the  regiment,  deserves  mention  in  yonr 
history  — Maj.  A.  E.  Welch.  He  was  an  excellent  officer.  He  was  a lieuten- 
ant in  the  First  Minnesota  and  was  appointed  in  the  Fourth;  but  he  was 
captured  at  Bull  Run  and  not  exchanged  in  time  to  join  the  Fourth.  Be- 
fore the  regiment  went  to  the  field  Welch’s  appointment  was  withdrawn  and 
Baxter,  senior  captain,  was  appointed  major.  After  a time  Thomas  and  Baxter 
left  the  regiment  and  Welch  returned  to  Minnesota  from  Libby  Prison.  The 
Governor  of  Minnesota  then  reappointed  Welch  as  major  and  sent  him  to 
his  regiment.  I was  then  in  command.  The  regiment  had  been  in  several 
battles,  officers  were  desirous  of  promotion,  and  Welch  was  considered  by  some 
as  a trespasser.  He  had  but  little  tact  to  make  friends  or  even  acquaintances, 
but  I necessarily  came  to  know  him  well.  He  was  honorable,  brave  and 
soldierly  in  the  highest  degree.  He  was  sure  to  be  respected  by  all  who  knew 
him.  Well,  the  officers  did  not  know  him  more  than  was  necessary  and  did 
not  wish  to  know  him.  He  had  stepped  into  their  line  of  promotion,  and  I 
think  he  was  actually  disliked  in  the  regiment  until  after  our  assault  on  Vicks- 
burg, when  this  incident  occurred:  The  regiment  with  others  was  ordered  to 

the  support  of  General  McClernand’s  command.  The  regiment  marched  by 
fours,  Major  Welch  in  rear,  as  was  proper.  We  reached  our  position,  formed 
line  and  commenced  firing  on  the  enemy.  I was  too  busy  to  notice  the  major’s 
absence,  but  presently  someone  asked  me  if  I knew  the  major  was  killed. 
Then  I heard  someone  call,  “ Colonel  Tourtellotte  ! Where  is  Colonel  Tourtel- 
lotte? ” and  looking  back  in  the  direction  from  which  the  regiment  had  come 
I saw  Major  Welch  approaching.  His  face  and  clothing  were  covered  with 
blood,  but  he  came  up  to  me,  saluted  as  on  parade,  and  asked  where  he  could 
be  of  most  service.  From  that  time  on  the  whole  regiment  were  proud  of  him. 
But  that  was  his  last  fight,  poor  fellow!  He  had  even  then  inflammation  of  the 
stomach,  from  which  he  died  in  hospital.  His  wound  at  Vicksburg  came  from 
a piece  of  shell,  which  knocked  him  down  and  stunned  him. 

The  general  also  says,  in  speaking  of  our  regiment: 

I was  and  am  very  proud  of  my  old  regiment.  I never  saved  them  from 
work;  I never  saved  them  from  danger  when  duty  called  them  in;  but  I think 
the  men  understood  that  I protected  them  all  I could,  and  they  understood  I 
did  not  save  myself  from  work  or  danger.  I remember  before  the  assault  on 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


213 


Vicksburg  the  regiment  was  lying  down  and  an  officer  came  to  me  saying  that 
it  was  the  request  of  the  regiment  that  I lie  down  too.  Of  course,  my  duty 
would  not  permit  that,  hut  the  incident  was  remembered. 

During  the  process  of  the  assault  a staff  officer  rode  up  fo 
the  tent  of  General  McPherson  and  reported,  “ General  Mc- 
Clernand  has  captured  a part  of  the  enemy’s  line  and  cannot 
hold  it  unless  he  is  supported.”  He  was  informed  that  General 
McArthur  had  been  ordered  to  support  McClernand.  The 
officer  then  rode  away.  Standing  near  enough  to  hear  this 
conversation,  I asked  of  the  orderly  who  stood  near  the  door 
who  the  officer  was,  and  he  replied,  “ Lieutenant  Colonel 
Forsyth  of  General  McClernand’s  staff.”  In  less  than  half  an 
hour  the  same  staff  officer  returned  and  reported  that  McAr- 
thur had  not  arrived  and  that  help  must  be  had  at  once.  Our 
division  was  finally  ordered  to  General  McClernand’s  support. 

Colonel  Sanborn’s  report  says  : 

On  the  twenty-first  I moved  my  command  into  line  of  battle  in  front  of  the 
enemy’s  works,  deployed  a line  of  skirmishers  in  front  and  remained  in 
this  position  till  the  morning  of  the  twenty-second.  A general  assault  having 
been  ordered  upon  the  enemy’s  works  at  10:00  a.  m.  this  day,  I spent  the  night 
of  the  twenty-first,  in  connection  with  the  lamented  Colonel  Boomer,  command- 
ing the  Third  Brigade,  reconnoitering  for  the  best  approaches  for  infantry  to  the 
enemy’s  works  in  our  front.  It  was  ascertained  that  we  could  approach  to 
within  eighty  yards  under  cover  of  the  hills  and  form  without  great  exposure  to 
the  men,  and  early  on  the  morning  of  the  twenty-second  I moved  my  command 
into  this  position  and  formed  in  line  of  battle  on  the  left  of  the  Third  Brigade. 

Badeau  says  : 

Benton’s  and  Burhridge’s  brigades,  the  former  in  Carr’s,  the  latter  in  Smith’s 
division,  now  rushed  forward  and  reached  the  ditch  and  slope  of  another  little 
earthwork,  planting  their  colors  also  on  the  outer  slope.  Captain  White  of 
the  Chicago  Mercantile  Battery  dragged  forward  one  of  his  pieces  by  hand  quite 
to  the  ditch,  and  double-shotting  it  fired  into  an  embrasure,  disabling  a gun  just 
ready  to  be  discharged  and  scattering  death  among  the  rebel  cannoneers.  A 
detachment  here  got  into  the  work,  but  the  rebels  rallied  and  captured  every 
man.  These  were  the  only  troops  that  actually  carried  or  gained  possession, 
even  for  a moment,  of  any  portion  of  the  enemy’s  line.  [White  started  with 
two  guns;  one  got  stuck  on  the  way  and  it  was  abandoned.  The  men  carried  the 
ammunition  in  their  haversacks. — Ed.]  * * * Grant’s  loss  had  been  great, 
both  in  killed  and  wounded.  The  hillsides  were  covered  with  the  slain  and 
with  unfortunates  who  lay  panting  in  the  hot  sun  crying  for  water,  which  none 


214 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


could  bring  them,  and  writhing  in  pain  that  might  not  be  relieved;  while  the 
rebels,  ensconced  behind  their  lofty  parapets,  had  suffered  but  little  in  com- 
parison. The  national  troops  had  everywhere  shown  the  greatest  individual 
bravery.  Regiments  in  all  three  corps  had  planted  their  flags  on  the  enemy’s 
works,  where  they  still  waved,  the  rebels  unable  or  afraid  to  remove  them. 
The  brunt  of  the  battle  incident  to  the  first  assault  was  over  in  less  than  an 
hour  and  no  substantial  result  had  been  attained.  It  was  plain  that  Grant 
could  not  hope  to  succeed  by  assault. 

The  author  of  “Cave  Life”  says; 

At  four  o’clock  I was  awakened  by  a perfect  tumult  in  the  air;  the  explo- 
sion of  shrapnell  and  the  rattling  of  shrapnell  balls  around  us  reminded  me 
that  my  dangers  and  cares  were  not  yet  over.  How  rapidly  and  thickly  the 
shells  and  minie-balls  fell!  Our  little  home  stood  the  test  nobly.  We  were  in 
the  first  line  of  hills  back  of  the  heights  that  were  fortified,  and  of  course  we 
felt  the  full  force  of  the  very  energetic  firing  that  was  constantly  kept  up,  and 
being  so  near  many  that  passed  over  the  first  line  of  hills  would  fall  directly 
around  us.  They  were  speaking  of  a charge  that  had  been  made,  most  gal- 
lantly, by  General  Burbridge  and  the  Federal  troops  of  his  command  on  the 
Confederate  intrenchments;  they  had  rushed  over  the  breastworks,  driving  out 
the  Southern  soldiers.  The  whole  Confederate  camp  near  the  spot  arose  in  a 
furious  excitement,  officers  and  men  alike  throwing  hand-grenades  down  upon 
the  intruders  until  they  were  forced  to  retire,  after  holding  the  place  some  lit- 
tle time.  I was  told  that  General  Burbridge  had  laughingly  remarked  to  a 
Confederate  officer  during  the  truce,  that  staying  in  the  intrenchments  in  the 
hot  sun  and  having  hand-grenades  thrown  at  him  in  profusion  was  as  warm  a 
work  as  he  wished  to  undertake  in  one  day.  After  the  Federal  troops  left  the 
intrenchments  a hole  was  found  in  the  loose  earth  of  the  breastworks  that 
caused  much  amusement  among  the  Confederate  soldiers — a large  hole  where 
one  of  the  Federals  had  literally  burrowed  his  way  out  from  the  pits.  “ I 
reckon  he’s  some  kin  to  a mole,”  sagely  commented  one  of  the  soldiers. 


Colonel  Sanborn’s  report  states: 

Colonel  Boomer  had  some  doubts  as  to  his  ability  to  carry  the  works  on  his 
front,  and  as  to  the  works  left  in  my  front  they  could  not  be  held  if  carried 
while  those  on  my  right  were  in  possession  of  the  enemy.  I transferred  to 
him  for  the  purpose  of  this  assault  the  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  Regiment,  and  de- 
ployed the  Eighteenth  Wisconsin  along  our  whole  front  as  skirmishers.  These 
dispositions  being  made  the  commanders  of  regiments  were  ordered  to  advance 
upon  the  works  immediately  upon  the  movement  commencing  upon  our  right. 
For  some  reason  the  troops  upon  our  right  did  not  move,  and  I retained  the 
same  position  with  some  loss  till  about  three  o’clock,  when  I received  an  order 
from  General  McPherson,  through  General  Quinby,  commanding  division,  to 
move  at  once,  and  vigorously,  upon  the  works.  A staff  officer  was  dispatched 
immediately  to  the  regimental  commanders  to  communicate  this  order,  but 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


215 


before  he  had  succeeded  in  doing  so  it  was  countermanded  and  I was  ordered 
to  move  with  all  my  command  not  deployed  as  skirmishers  to  the  left  to  sup- 
port Major  General  McClernand.  I immediately  moved  my  command,  with 
the  exception  of  the  Eighteenth  Wisconsin,  deployed  as  skirmishers,  from  its 
position  some  miles  to  the  left  and  was  then  ordered  by  General  Quinby  to 
support  General  Burbridge’s  brigade,  then  engaged  in  front  of  the  enemy’s 
works.  I immediately  moved  forward  for  that  purpose  under  the  direction  of 
a staff  officer,  and  was  led  up  through  a ravine  that  was  raked  to  a consider- 
able extent  by  musketry  and  artillery  to  a point  a few  yards  in  rear  of  the 
line  of  General  Burbridge’s  brigade.  I was  informed  by  General  Burbridge 
that  the  position  close  to  the  enemy’s  works  was  not  so  exposed  as  the  ravine, 
and  he  desired  me  to  form  near  or  in  front  of  his  line.  I formed  my  brigade, 
the  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  on  the  right,  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana  to  the  left  and 
the  Fourth  Minnesota  to  the  left  of  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana.  The  position 
seemed  very  much  exposed  and  I lost  several  men  during  the  formation.  My 
command  was  exceedingly  exhausted,  having  had  no  rest  the  night  of  the 
nineteenth,  marching  nearly  twenty  miles  the  twentieth,  moving  into  camp 
the  twenty-first  and  having  been  under  fire  or  marching  all  this  day  to  the 
time  I moved  to  this  position.  One  or  two  of  the  regiments  had  already  lost 
thirty  men  during  the  day.  As  soon  as  my  line  was  formed  General  Bur- 
bridge’s line  gave  way,  and  his  troops  left  the  ground,  with  the  exception  of 
one  regiment,  which  remained  to  support  the  Fifty-ninth  Indiana.  The 
enemy  was  largely  re-enforced  and  fired  rapid  and  destructive  volleys  into  my 
command,  which  were  promptly  returned,  but  the  enemy  having  such  high 
and  strong  works  in  front,  it  cannot  be  expected  with  much  effect.  Once  or 
twice  the  enemy  came  over  his  works  in  large  numbers  and  formed  on  my 
right,  with  the  evident  design  of  turning  my  right  flank,  but  were  promptly 
driven  back  by  my  command  with  much  slaughter.  I held  this  position  for 
about  two  hours  until  dark,  and  having  no  support  and  seeing  no  reason  why 
a position  should  be  held  at  such  sacrifice,  which  if  lost  could  be  recovered  at 
any  time  by  a line  of  skirmishers,  unless  the  enemy  should  choose  to  fight  us 
outside  of  his  works,  which  could  hardly  be  expected,  however  much  desired, 
and  there  being  no  general  officers  on  the  ground,  I ordered  the  position 
abandoned  and  my  command  to  march  back  to  the  hill  on  the  right  of  the 
railroad  bridge  and  then  form  and  rest  for  the  night.  In  falling  back  Colonel 
Tourtellotte,  Fourth  Minnesota,  took  from  the  ground  a piece  of  artillery  that 
was  in  position  within  a few  yards  of  the  enemy’s  works  when  my  command 
went  upon  the  ground  and  left  there  by  the  brigade  then  in  position.  The 
casualties  in  my  command  during  this  engagement,  as  the  official  lists  will 
show,  are  greater  than  all  the  balance  of  the  campaign,  and  it  seems  to  me  all  for 
no  good.  Success  was  no  better  than  defeat  unless  an  assault  was  to  be  ordered, 
and  I have  not  learned  that  such  a thing  was  thought  of,  and  if  thought  of 
was  preposterous  unless  made  by  both  brigades  and  in  a most  vigorous  manner: 
and  I can  but  feel  that  there  was  official  misrepresentation  or  misconduct  that 
led  to  this  matter  which  requires  investigation.  I am  compelled  to  say  this 
much  in  my  report  of  this  engagement  by  eloquent  voices  coming  from  the 


216 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


tombs  of  many  of  the  most  brave  of  my  command,  fallen  in  that  fruitless 
struggle  under  the  enemy’s  works.  The  following  are  my  losses  in  this  en- 
gagement : 


Regiment. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS. 

Fifty-ninth  Indiana 

1 

4 

X 

Fortv -eighth  Indiana 

0 

1 

0 

Eighteenth  Wisconsin 

0 

2 

0 

1 

7 

0 

ENLISTED  MEN. 

Fifty-ninth  Indiana 

10 

95 

1 

Forty-eighth  Indiana 

9 

23 

1 

Eighteenth  Wisconsin 

5 

9 

0 

Fourth  Minnesota 

11 

35 

0 

Total 

37 

176 

3 

On  the  morning  of  the  twenty-third  I moved  my  command  forward  about 
four  hundred  yards  and  formed,  with  one  regiment  on  my  right  in  rear  of  the 
right  of  General  Burbridge’s  brigade  and  two  regiments  in  prolongation  of  his 
right,  which  position  was  occupied  but  a few  hours,  when  my  command  moved 
back  to  the  ground  it  left  on  the  morning  of  the  twenty-second,  where  it  now 
remains. 

The  conduct  of  all  the  officers  and  men  of  my  command  daring  the  entire 
campaign  has  been  more  than  satisfactory — it  has  been  most  gallant  and 
praiseworthy.  There  has  been  no  shirking  and  no  desire  to  shirk  on  the  part 
of  either  officers  or  men,  and  I have  not  found,  or  even  heard  of,  a man  out  of 
his  position  in  battle  or  on  the  march.  I know  not  how  soldiers  could  do  more. 
Capt.  L.  B.  Martin,  assistant  adjutant  general,  and  Lieutenants  John  S.  Akin 
and  James  H.  Donaldson,  aids-de-camp,  have  conducted  themselves  in  the 
most  gallant  and  faithful  manner  and  deserve  special  mention.  The  living  are 
rewarded  by  the  consciousness  of  having  done  all  that  human  nature  is  capable 
of  to  suppress  a most  wicked  rebellion  and  to  preserve  order  and  good  govern- 
ment for  themselves  and  posterity.  But,  alas,  for  the  patriotic  and  gallant 
dead!  No  languageof  mine  can  do  justice  to  their  virtues.  May  some  Macaulay 
or  Bancroft  recite  in  interesting  narration  their  hardships,  endurance,  patriot- 
ism, valor  and  achievements,  and  some  modern  Homer  or  Yirgil  live  to  sing 
them  in  heroic  verse.  John  B.  Sanborn, 

Colonel , Commanding. 

Lieut.  Col.  W.  T.  Clark , Assistant  Adjutant  General , Seventeenth  Army  Corps. 

LIST  OF  KILLED  AND  WOUNDED  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT,  MINNESOTA 
VOLUNTEERS,  AT  THE  BATTLES  OF  JACKSON,  CHAMPION  HILLS  AND  AT 
THE  ASSAULT  ON  VICKSBURG,  MISS. 

Jackson,  Miss.,  May  14,  1863. 


Names. 

Rank. 

Com- 

pany. 

Remarks. 

F 

Wounded;  slightly;  in  hip. 
Wounded ; severely. 

K 

1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


217 


Champion  Hills,  Miss.,  May  16,  1863. 


Names. 

Rank. 

Com- 

pany. 

Remarks. 

E 

E 

through  body. 

Wounded  in  arm;  severely. 

Vicksburg,  Miss.,  May  22,  1863. 

“ Come  from  the  four  winds,  oh,  breath!  and  breathe  upon  these  slain  that  they  may  live.” 
— Ezekiel,  xxxvii.  9. 


Commissioned  Officers  Killed — 

Clark  Turner 

1st  Lieutenant. 

i 

Wounded  in  left  side;  severely; 

G.  G.  Sherbrooke 

2d  Lieutenant.. 

K 

died  on  May  26th. 
Died  on  May  23d. 

Commissioned  Officers  Wounded — 

A.  E.  Welch 

In  face  with  shell;  slightly. 
In  foot ; slightly. 

In  shoulder;  slightly. 

S.  F.  Brown 

1st  Lieutenant. 

D 

Abner  St.  Cyr 

1st  Lieutenant. 

G 

In  leg. 

I 

In  left  hand  ; slightly. 
In  side;  slightly. 

John  D.  Hunt 

2d  Lieutenant.. 

I 

Enlisted  Men  Killed — 

Rufus  L.  Applin 

First  Sergeant.. 

B 

Shot  through  head  and  shoulder. 

c 

D 

D 

D 

Shot  through  the  head. 

J.  M.  H.  Flin  

E 

G 

H 

Wounded  severely ; taken  prisoner 
and  died. 

Peter  Gouthier 

I 

K 

Robert  P.  Tifft 

K 

K 

Died  May  23d. 

Enlisted  Men  Wounded  — 

B 

Lost  a leg;  died. 

In  face;  slightly. 

In  shoulder;  slightly. 

In  leg;  slightly. 

In  leg;  slightly. 

Slight  fracture  of  skull ; died. 
In  foot;  slightly. 

In  shoulder;  severely. 

Right  thigh ; severely. 
Slightly. 

Slightly. 

B 

B 

B 

B 

A 

A 

A 

A 

c 

c 

c 

D 

Right  arm  broken  and  amputated. 
In  right  leg. 

D 

E 

Henry  R.  Loomis 

F 

In  left  breast;  through  left  lung; 
severely. 

In  shoulder;  slightly. 

In  right  elbow. 

Enoch  Croy 

F 

George  Hansen 

Sergeant 

G 

G 

In  head  and  shoulder;  severely. 
In  leg;  slightly. 

Joseph  Roi 

Private 

G 

James  Blair 

G 

In  shoulder;  severely. 

In  head ; slightly. 

In  head ; slightly. 

In  left  leg;  severely. 

In  side;  slightly. 

In  shoulder;  severely. 

In  head ; slightly. 

In  side ; severely. 

In  hand;  slightly. 

In  hand;  slightly. 

In  hip. 

Arm  broken  and  in  hip  slightly; 

died,  August  2d,  of  these  wounds. 
In  elbow ; severely. 

In  hand ; slightly. 

H 

H 

Charles  L.  Dresser 

H 

James  W.  Arnold 

H 

John  Magnus 

H 

Fred  Elling 

H 

James  C.  Haines 

I 

Henrv  L.  Gish 

i 

Aaron  S.  Bragg 

I 

R.  S.  Perkins  .7 

K 

Wm.  H.  Bogart 

K 

K 

Samuel  Schutz 

K 

218 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


The  foregoing  is  the  official  list.  Since  writing  these  records 
we  learn  that  William  M.  Davis  of  Company  I was  also  slightly 
wounded  on  the  twenty-second;  Richard  McLagan  of  Company 
G was  wounded  in  leg  at  Jackson,  R.  A.  Wheeler  of  Com- 
pany D was  wounded  by  shell  at  Vicksburg  in  June  and 
George  W.  Wetherell  of  Company  C by  a piece  of  shell  on 
May  22d.  The  sword  belt  of  Lieut.  D.  M.  G.  Murphy  was 
cut  by  a piece  of  shell.  He  was  one  of  the  bravest  officers  on 
the  field. 

It  has  been  reported  to  us  by  members  of  Company  A that 
Fred  E.  Du  Toit  of  that  company  stood  up  on  the  works  of 
the  enemy,  in  plain  sight,  and  loaded  and  fired  his  gun  several 
times,  and  that  three  bullets  passed  through  his  cap. 

Augustus  Parrett  of  Company  A says  that  when  John 
Hunter  of  Company  B was  wounded  he  took  him  up  in  his  arms 
and  carried  him  to  the  rear  to  a place  of  safety.  Our  hospital 
was  in  a farm  building,  which  stood  some  distance  in  the  rear 
of  the  Battery  Logan  siege  guns  and  which  was  afterward 
torn  down  to  furnish  material  to  build  the  lookout  tower  in 
front  of  Fort  Hill,  platforms  for  siege  guns,  etc.  Comrade 
Hunter  was  conveyed  to  that  building,  and  after  his  leg  had 
been  amputated  Ed.  Nichols  of  Company  B and  the  writer 
placed  him  in  the  ambulance  that  conveyed  him  to  Chickasaw 
Bayou,  at  which  point  our  wounded  were  placed  on  hospital 
boats.  That  was  the  last  time  we  met  our  dear  comrade,  who 
was  respected  and  beloved  by  all  of  us.  At  this  time  Sergt. 
C.  A.  Sherwin  of  Company  A stood  near  us.  He  had  been 
struck  in  the  forehead  by  a piece  of  shell,  but  did  not  seem  to 
be  much  injured,  although  his  eyes  looked  inflamed.  We  re- 
quested him  to  go  to  the  building  and  place  himself  under  the 
surgeon’s  care,  but  he  declined,  saying,  “Oh!  I can’t,  as  long 
as  there  are  so  many  who  are  injured  much  more  than  I am.” 
Inflammation  set  in  and  he  died  at  Memphis  on  June  11th. 

We  copied  the  following  extract,  from  a letter  written  by 
Capt.  L.  B.  Martin  of  Company  E to  Lieut.  T.  B.  Hunt, 
from  the  St.  Paul  Press : 

The  campaign  has  been  the  most  brilliant  one  ever  made  on  this  continent, 
and  the  future  historian  will  so  record  it.  General  Grant  has  shown  himself 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


219 


the  ablest  strategist  of  them  all,  and  there  is  but  one  voice  here  now:  “We 

are  all  Grant  men.”  I called  twice  and  spent  all  the  time  I could  with  poor 
Sherbrooke.  He  lived  about  twenty-two  hours  after  being  shot.  When  I 
called  first  he  took  my  hand.  Said  he:  “I  am  about  to  go  off  the  stage  of  action. 
I do  not  fear  death ; only  I dislike  leaving  a wife  and  three  children  helpless.” 
He  told  me  all  he  wished  me  to  do  for  him.  Said  he:  “Old  Company  K 

fought  splendidly.”  And  so  they  did,  my  old  company!  It  suffered  more 
than  any  in  the  regiment.  Poor  fellow,  he  knew  he  was  going  to  die,  but  a 
braver  man  on  his  death-bed  you  never  saw. 


Report  op  Lieut.  Col.  John  E.  Tourtellotte,  Fourth  Min- 
nesota Infantry,  First  Brigade,  Including  Operations 
April  23  to  May  22,  1863. 

In  Camp,  near  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  May  23,  1863. 
Sir:  I have  the  honor  to  report,  that  on  April  23d  last  my  regiment,  to- 

gether with  other  parts  of  the  army,  started  from  Milliken’s  Bend,  La.,  on  an 
expedition  to  the  rear  of  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  where  we  are  now  lying.  To  reach 
this  place  we  marched  via  Richmond,  Hard  Times  Landing,  La.  (where  we 
crossed  and  went  down  the  stream  of  the  Mississippi  river  ten  miles,  landing 
on  the  Mississippi  side  at  Bruinsburg),  Port  Gibson,  Miss.,  Hankinson’s  Ferry 
(on  the  Black  river),  Rocky  Springs,  Utica,  Raymond  Clinton,  Jackson, 
Champion  Hills  (near  Bolton),  Edward’s  Station,  crossing  the  Black  river  near 

plantation  and  arriving  in  front  of  the  enemy’s  works  in  rear  of 

Vicksburg  on  May  21st.  To  accomplish  this  we  have  marched  a distance  of 
more  than  two  hundred  miles.  At  Smith’s  plantation,  some  twenty-five  miles 
from  Milliken’s  Bend,  all  army  regimental  teams  (six  in  number)  excepting 
one  were  ordered  back  to  Milliken’s  Bend,  from  which  place  they  were  used  in 
carrying  ammunition  for  the  use  of  the  Seventeenth  Army  Corps,  and  were  so 
employed  for  several  days.  When  relieved  from  such  duty  they  were  for  sev- 
eral days  unable  to  cross  the  Mississippi  river,  so  that  during  the  entire  march 

from  Smith’s  plantation,  Louisiana,  April  26th,  to plantation  on  the 

Black  river,  May  17th,  the  only  government  transportation  of  any  kind  with  the 
regiment  was  two  ambulances,  one  medicine  wagon  and  one  six-mule  team.  The 
men  carried  their  knapsacks,  blankets,  rations  and  sixty  rounds  of  ammunition. 
The  six-mule  team  carried  a few  boxes  of  ammunition,  the  blankets  and  pro- 
visions of  the  officers  and  such  supplies  for  the  men  as  the  regimental  quarter- 
master was  able  to  secure  along  our  route.  On  said  march  we  have  drawn 
rations  from  the  government  as  follows:  We  took  with  us  five  days’  rations 

from  Milliken’s  Bend.  On  or  about  May  1st  we  drew  four  days’  rations  of  hard 
bread  alone.  May  4th  we  drew  three-fifth  rations  of  hard  bread,  sugar  and  tea 
for  five  days,  beyond  which  time,  up  to  May  17th,  all  rations  used  by  the  regi- 
ment and  all  forage  used  by  regimental  horses  and  mules  were  secured  by  the 
regimental  quartermaster  in  the  country  through  which  we  passed.  The  ra- 
tions procured  by  the  quartermaster  for  the  regiment  consisted  chiefly  of  sugar, 
molasses,  salt,  cornmeal  and  bacon.  On  May  17th  the  five  regimental  teams 


220 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


left  behind  overtook  us,  bringing  five  days’  part  rations  of  hard  bread,  flour, 
sugar  and  coffee.  May  23d  we  drew  full  rations  for  the  first  time  since  leaving 
Milliken’s  Bend. 

We  met  the  enemy  for  the  first  time  on  this  expedition  on  the  third 
instant,  about  ten  miles  from  Port  Gibson,  on  the  road  to  Hankinson’s 
Ferry.  Here  the  regiment  was  formed  in  line  of  battle  on  the  right  of  the 
road,  and  advanced  in  this  manner  for  some  distance  under  a brisk  fire  of  the 
enemy’s  artillery.  The  regiment  received  no  injury,  the  enemy  hastily  re- 
tiring. We  advanced  by  the  flank  to  Hankinson’s  Ferry  on  the  Black  river, 
remaining  at  that  place  for  several  days.  On  May  12th  we  heard  firing  in 
front,  and  on  arriving  near  the  town  of  Raymond  the  regiment  formed  in  line 
of  battle  on  the  left  of  General  Logan’s  division,  which  was  already  in  line. 
In  this  position  we  remained  an  hour  as  support  for  a battery  of  artillery. 
That  evening  we  passed  through  and  encamped  near  the  town. 

On  May  14th,  on  the  road  from  Clinton  to  Jackson  and  when  about  two 
miles  from  the  latter  place,  we  met  the  enemy  in  strong  force  and  immediately 
formed  a line  on  the  right  of  the  road.  Soon,  however,  the  regiment  was  or- 
dered to  take  position  on  the  left  of  the  road  with  its  right  resting  thereon  and 
to  support  the  Seventeenth  Iowa  in  charging  the  rebel  lines.  The  enemy  fled 
before  the  charge,  and  the  regiment,  with  the  others  of  Quinby’s  division,  en- 
tered the  town.  Loss  of  the  regiment  was  two  wounded.  * * * On  May 
21st  we  formed  line  in  front  of  the  enemy’s  woiks  in  rear  of  Vicksburg.  On  the 
morning  of  the  twenty-second,  at  ten  o’clock,  by  order  from  General  Grant  the 
assault  was  ordered  upon  the  fortifications  around  Vicksburg.  My  regiment, 
with  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana  for  reserve  and  support,  was  ordered  to  charge 
upon  one  of  the  enemy’s  forts  just  in  front  as  soon  as  I should  see  a charge 
made  upon  the  fort  next  on  my  right.  All  preparations  were  made  and  we 
were  waiting  for  the  signal  to  advance  when  I was  directed  not  to  advance 
until  further  orders.  While  awaiting  such  orders  our  brigade  was  directed  to 
proceed  to  the  support  of  General  Burbridge’s  brigade  of  General  McCler- 
nand’s  army  corps  on  our  left.  The  Forty-eighth  Indiana  and  Fourth  Minne- 
sota Infantry  were  tnoved  into  position  in  front  of  the  rebel  works,  where  Gen- 
eral Burbridge  was  already  engaged.  No  sooner  had  we  taken  such  position 
than  General  Burbridge  withdrew  his  brigade  from  the  action.  Under  a di- 
rect fire  from  the  fort  in  front  and  a heavy  cross  fire  from  a fort  on  our  right 
the  regiment  pressed  forward  up  to  and  even  on  the  enemy’s  works.  In  this 
position,  contending  for  the  possession  of  the  rebel  earthworks  before  us,  the 
regiment  remained  for  two  hours,  when  it  became  daik  and  I was  ordered  by 
Colonel  Sanborn  to  withdraw  the  regiment.  Noticing  a field-piece  which  had 
been  lifted  up  the  hill  by  maiu  strength  and  had  apparently  been  used  by 
General  Burbridge  in  attempting  to  batter  down  the  walls  of  the  fort,  but 
which  he  had  left  behind  when  he  withdrew  his  brigade,  I sent  Company  C to 
draw  the  piece  from  the  ground  and  down  the  hill.  [Colonel  Donaldson, 
then  captain  of  Company  C,  on  reading  this,  states  that  it  is  error;  that.  with, 
out  any  instructions  whatever,  he  directed  his  company  to  pull  the  gun  off  the 
field  and  down  the  ravine  far  enough  for  the  batterymen  to  hitch  to  it;  and 
the  colonel  has  referred  us  to  witnesses.  We  will  only  remark  that  both  state- 
ments are  undoubtedly  correct. — Ed.]  This  being  safely  executed  I moved 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


221 


the  regiment  by  the  left  flank  from  their  position  and  down  the  hill.  We 
bivouacked  about  eighty  rods  from  the  place  of  action.  In  this  action  the  regi- 
ment suffered  severely,  losing  some  of  its  best  officers  and  men  — twelve  were 
killed  and  forty-two  were  wounded.  The  next  morning  we  were  formed  in 
line  to  support  the  right  of  General  Burbridge.  No  engagement  coming  on,  we 
moved  in  the  afternoon  to  the  position  occupied  on  the  twenty-first.  During 
the  whole  of  this  expedition,  through  many  embarrassments,  drenching  rains> 
muddy  roads,  without  rations,  without  shelter,  carrying  heavy  loads  and  sev- 
eral times  under  heavy  fire  from  the  enemy,  the  regiment  has  deported  them- 
selves to  my  entire  satisfaction.  I hope  and  believe  that  their  conduct  has 
been  satisfactory  to  yourself  and  to  others  still  higher  in  authority.  I might 
mention  worthy  names,  but  that  would  be  clearly  wrong  when  all  or  nearly  all 
have  attempted  to  do  their  whole  duty.  It  shall  be  a matter  of  pride  with  us, 
that  not  only  were  we  present  but  assisted  in  accomplishing  this  expedition. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

J.  E.  Touktellotte, 
Lieutenant  Colonel , Commanding  Regiment. 
Capt.  J.  B.  Martin,  Acting  Assistant  Adjutant  General,  First  Brigade,  Seventh  Di- 
vision, Seventeenth  Army  Corps. 


May  23d — Saturday. — We  drew  full  rations  of  everything 
while  we  lay  near  the  railroad  bridge  at  the  foot  of  the  ravine. 
Marched  up  the  ravine  a short  distance  and  in  the  afternoon 
returned  to  our  camp.  Dug  wells  and  built  shades  and  cots 
of  canebrake.  When  the  regiment  crossed  the  river  at  Bruins- 
burg,  on  May  1st,  it  received  four  days’  rations  of  hardtack 
alone,  and  on  the  fourth  of  May  three-fifths  rations  of  hard- 
tack, sugar  and  tea  alone;  the  rest  was  foraged  from  the  haver- 
sacks of  dead  rebels  and  from  the  country  through  which  we 
passed,  until  to-day  we  drew  the  first  full  rations  we  have 
drawn  since  April  23d. 

May  25th  — Monday. — Adjutant  Kittredge  being  wounded 
in  the  foot  left  the  regiment  to-day  for  Haines’  Bluff.  A flag 
of  truce  came  to  our  lines  and  hostilities  ceased  for  two  or 
three  hours  to  bury  the  dead.  On  the  failure  to  capture  the 
works  of  the  enemy  on  the  twenty-second,  Grant  requested  of 
Pemberton  a cessation  of  hostilities  to  bury  the  dead  and  re- 
move the  wounded,  but  it  was  refused.  We  copy  the  follow- 
ing from  Confederate  sources:  “Afterward  the  effluvia  from 

the  dead  bodies  became  so  intolerable  that  he  (Pemberton)  was 
obliged  to  ask  a truce  and  request  the  Federal  officers  to  bury 
their  dead,”  and  from  3:00  to  8:00  o’clock  p.  m.  the  time  was 
devoted  to  that  purpose. 


222 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


We  quote  the  following  from  “Cave  Life:” 

I was  distressed  to  hear  of  a young  Federal  lieutenant  who  had  been  se- 
verely wounded  and  left  on  the  field  by  his  comrades,  lie  had  lived  in  this 
condition  from  Saturday  until  Monday,  lying  in  the  burning  sun  without 
water  or  food;  and  the  men  on  both  sides  could  witness  the  agony  of  the  life 
thus  prolonged,  without  the  power  to  assist  him  in  any  way.  I was  glad  in- 
deed when  I heard  the  poor  man  had  died  on  Monday  morning.  Another  sol- 
dier, left  on  the  field,  badly  wounded  in  the  leg,  had  begged  most  piteously  for 
water,  and  lying  near  the  Confederate  intrenchments  his  cries  were  all  directed 
to  the  Confederate  soldiers.  The  firing  was  heaviest  where  he  lay,  and  it 
would  have  been  at  the  risk  of  a life  to  have  gone  to  him;  yet  a Confederate 
soldier  asked  and  obtained  leave  to  carry  water  to  him  and  stood  and  fauned 
him  in  the  midst  of  the  firing  while  he  drank  eagerly  from  the  heroic  soldier’s 
canteen. 

On  May  26th  General  Grant  sent  a force  of  about  twelve 
thousand  men,  consisting  of  six  brigades  from  six  different 
divisions  of  infantry  (three  from  the  Fifteenth,  in  command  of 
General  Mower  and  three  from  the  Seventeenth  Corps,  in  com- 
mand of  General  McArthur),  and  a force  of  cavalry  and  some 
artillery,  and  all  under  the  command  ofMaj.  Gen.  F.  P.  Blair, 
Jr.,  with  seven  days’  rations  and  one  hundred  and  fifty’’  rounds 
of  ammunition,  as  a corps  of  observation  and  to  drive  off  any 
force  it  might  meet;  also,  on  its  return  march  to  destroy  all 
stock,  forage,  roads,  bridges  and  grist  mills,  and  in  fact  any- 
thing upon  which  the  army  of  Gen.  Joe  Johnston  could  main- 
tain itself  in  attempting  to  raise  the  siege  of  Vicksburg. 

May  26th — Monday. — Started  at  ten  o’clock  at  night  and 
marched  toward  Haines’  Bluff,  seven  miles  on  the  ridge  road 
(Benton  road)  and  camped.  Very  dusty.  Poor  water.  About 
daylight  General  Leggett  came  up  with  his  brigade  and  an 
hour  or  two  later  Gen.  Frank  P.  Blair  came  up  with  a bri- 
gade of  his  command  (Gen.  Joe  Mower’s),  and  being  the  officer 
highest  in  rank  had  command  of  the  whole  force.  General 
Leggett  on  reaching  Mechanicsburg  was  directed  to  return  in 
person  to  Vicksburg  by  General  Grant,  who  needed  bis  ser- 
vices. He  turned  over  his  command  to  the  next  in  rank  and 
returned  from  the  expedition. 

May  27th — Tuesday. — Marched  toward  Haines’  Bluff. 
Turned  off  on  the  Benton  road.  Marched  fifteen  miles.  Dusty 
and  hot.  Men  fell  out  in  the  afternoon  all  along  the  road  and 
came  in  in  the  night. 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


223 


On  this  day,  at  Vicksburg,  the  ironclad  gunboat  Cincinnati 
was  sunk.  We  quote  from  “ Cave  Life : ” 

At  ten  or  twelve  o’clock,  we  saw,  in  spite  of  the  continued  falling  of  the  shells, 
gentlemen  hurrying  toward  the  river.  Soon  we  heard  the  Confederate  river 
batteries  booming  loudly  and  then  all  was  silent.  What  could  it  mean?  I did 
not  venture  to  look  without,  and  so  I sat  waiting  for  someone  to  come  to  me. 
At  last  a friend  appeared,  who,  in  the  most  triumphant  manner,  told  us  that 
the  Confederates  had  routed  the  Federal  fleet.  The  gunboats  had  formed  in 
line  of  battle,  sailing  down  majestically  with  the  Cincinnati — one  of  the  finest 
boats  in  the  river  navy  — leading  the  attack.  She  came  rapidly  down  around 
the  point  of  the  peninsula,  the  signal  gun  silent,  when  the  battery,  containing 
the  Brooks  gun  [Whistling  Dick. — -Ed.]  opened  on  her  as  she  came  within 
range.  The  first  shot  cut  down  the  flag,  the  second  struck  her  side,  and  the 
third,  the  Brooks  ball  with  the  steel  wedge,  cut  into  the  iron  plates  near  the 
water’s  edge.  She  turned  immediately  and  steamed  hack  up  the  river  in  a 
sinking  condition.  The  remaining  boats  also  changed  their  course  and  retired. 
The  Cincinnati  had  scarcely  turned  the  point  when  she  sank  near  the  shore. 
The  major  also  told  us  that  many  ladies  had  been  so  much  interested  in  the  ex- 
pected engagement,  that  they  had  gone  up  on  Sky  Parlor  hill  for  a better 
view.  It  has  been  said  that  the  Federal  guns  have  never  been  sufficiently  ele- 
vated to  throw  shell  and  shot  so  high  as  Sky  Parlor  hill;  yet  I should  not  like 
to  risk  my  life  for  mere  curiosity’s  sake,  when  it  was  not  possible  to  he  of  any 
service.  The  Sky  Parlor  hill  is  so  called  from  its  extreme  height,  being  a por- 
tion of  the  bluff  that  stood  where  the  principal  commercial  street  now  stands, 
the  grading  of  the  city  having  taken  most  of  the  elevation  down.  The  hill 
now  occupies  about  a square — the  distance  of  two  squares  from  the  river — and 
is  a prominent  feature  from  all  parts  of  the  city.  A rugged  drive  winds  on 
one  side  up  the  steep  ascent,  and  a long  and  dizzy  flight  of  wooden  steps  ascend 
from  the  street  on  the  opposite  side.  The  view  — and  that  is  what  the  place  is 
visited  for  — is  good,  both  of  the  city  and  river,  for  some  miles  above.  Crowds 
of  people  collect  here  on  the  occasion  of  any  move  being  made  in  the  direction 
of  the  river. 

Captain  Green,  in  his  book,  “The  Mississippi,”  says: 

Just  after  the  assault  of  May  22d  it  was  thought  that  by  bringing  gun- 
boats to  enfilade  the  batteries  on  Fort  Hill  (Sky  Parlor)  that  position  might 
he  carried.  At  Sherman’s  request,  Porter  gave  the  necessary  orders,  and  on  the 
morning  of  May  27th  the  Cincinnati  came  down  to  engage  these  batteries.  At 
the  same  time  four  vessels  which  were  below  the  city  engaged  the  batteries 
near  the  Marine  Hospital.  The  Cincinnati  was  shot  through  and  through  by 
the  plunging  fire  from  Fort  Hill,  and  in  less  than  half  an  hour  five  of  her  guns 
were  disabled  and  she  was  in  a sinking  condition.  She  was  run  toward  the 
shore  about  a mile  north  of  Fort  Hill  and  sunk  in  three  fathoms  of  water. 
Thirty-six  of  her  crew  were  killed,  wounded  or  drowned.  [The  hill  known  to 
the  Seventeenth  Army  Corps  as  Fort  Hill  was  not  the  hill  here  designated,  but 
was  in  front  of  the  line  of  investment,  back  from  the  city,  on  the  wagon  road  to 


224 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


Jackson.  The  guns  of  the  Cincinnati  were  removed  and  some  of  them  placed 
in  battery  on  the  extreme  right  of  our  line,  in  Gen.  Frank  Steele’s  command,  but 
could  not  he  elevated  sufficiently  to  be  of  much  use  against  the  frowning  heights 
of  Sky  Parlor.  — Ed.] 

May  28  th — Wednesday. — Marched  fifteen  miles.  Camped 
on  a creek.  Hot.  Clear.  Good  road. 

May  29th — Thursday. — Marched  fifteen  miles  to  Mechanics- 
burg.  Camped  north  of  the  town.  Hot.  Clear.  This  town 
has  a drug  store  and  three  or  four  buildings.  At  about  1:30 
o’clock  p.  m.  our  advance  encountered  four  or  five  hundred 
of  the  enemy’s  cavalry.  Our  battery  gave  them  a few  shots 
and  they  skedaddled.  No  loss  on  either  side,  as  they  did  not 
stop  to  fight.  At  this  place  we  leave  the  road  going  north  and 
are  to  turn  west  to  the  bottoms  of  the  Yazoo  river. 

May  30th. — Saturday. — Marched  to  Satartia  on  the  Yazoo 
river  bottoms;  then  down  the  river  toward  Haines’  Bluff. 
Passed  large  plantations.  Corn  very  high.  Hot.  Good  roads 
and  good  water.  Foraged  a good  saddle  at  a plantation  just  at 
the  top  of  the  bluff.  The  cotton-gins,  mills  and  bridges  are 
burned  and  all  supplies  are  destroyed  that  we  cannot  take  with 
us,  so  that  Johnston’s  army  cannot  be  supported  here.  Marched 
ten  miles  to-day. 

May  31st  — Sunday. — We  march  up  on  the  bluffs  and  then  on 
the  bottoms.  We  stopped  to-day  to  rest  at  the  Roach  planta- 
tion and  it  had  the  finest  houses  that  we  have  seen  on  any  plan- 
tation in  the  South  — two  large  two-story  frame  residences  for 
the  planter  and  overseer.  The  negro  quarters  are  all  brick 
buildings,  with  brick  sidewalks  between  them.  [A  year  after 
this  time  all  of  these  buildings  were  burned  by  the  enemy  and 
all  improvements  on  the  place  destroyed. — Ed.]  Marched  to 
Haynes’  Bluff  and  rested  a little  and  then  toward  Snyder’s  Bluff. 
We  marched  up  a ravine  with  a creek  in  it.  The  men  all 
fell  out  and  went  to  the  creek.  It  was  terribly  hot.  Only  a 
few  men  in  the  regiment  got  in  to  stack  arms,  but  were  scat- 
tered all  along  the  road  and  came  in  during  the  night.  We 
marched  fourteen  miles  to-day. 

Return  for  the  Month  of  May , 1862. — Total  enlisted  men,  664;  aggregate, 
676;  last  month,  699;  enlisted  men  present  for  duty,  309;  on  extra  and  daily 
duty,  52;  sick,  21 ; total  enlisted  present,  382.  Commissioned  officers  present 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


225 


for  duty,  16;  sick,  1;  total,  17.  Ou  this  return,  made  June  9th  for  the  month 
of  May,  we  find  reported  — 52  mules,  12  horses,  8 army  wagons,  1 medicine 
wagon  and  2 ambulances. 

Remarks. — Distance  marched  during  the  month,  ninety  miles.  James  H. 
Donaldson,  on  Colonel  Sanborn’s  staff  since  May  11, 1863.  Company  A — Peter 
Hansen’s  resignation  accepted  April  25,  1863. 

June  3d — Wednesday  — On  this  day  Brig.  Gen.  John  E. 
Smith  (formerly  colonel  of  the  Forty-fifth  Illinois  and  from 
Galena,  111.),  commanding  the  First  Brigade  in  Logan’s  Third 
Division,  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  our  Seventh  Divi- 
sion, Seventeenth  Army  Corps. 

June  4-th  — Thursday. — Left  Haines’  Bluff  and  marched 
twelve  miles  toour  old  camp  in  the  rear  of  Vicksburg.  Before 
we  left  camp  this  morning  General  Blair  put  out  a guard  across 
the  road  to  seize  all  extra  horses  and  mules  on  which  soldiers 
were  riding.  Some  of  us  got  around  the  guard  by  going 
around  the  bluff  and  saved  our  horses.  The  Eightieth  Ohio, 
having  been  detached  at  Champion’s  Hill  to  escort  prisoners 
going  to  Memphis,  rejoined  the  Second  Brigade  to-day.  Our 
regiment  went  on  the  picket  lines  several  times  this  month.  In 
the  night  we  go  up  on  the  hill  and  watch  the  shells  from  the 
mortar  boats  as  they  ascend  and  fall  into  the  city.  The  rebels 
have  a rifled  cannon  that  fires  an  elongated  shell  that  makes  a 
horrible  noise  as  it  passes  over  our  camp  in  the  ravine.  Brig. 
Gen.  John  E.  Smith  took  command  of  our  division  and  General 
Quinby,  because  of  poor  health,  started  for  the  North  to-day. 

Headquarters  Seventh  Division, 
Seventeenth  Army  Corps,  June  7,  1863. 

Special  Orders,  No.  97: 

First  — The  officers,  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates,  announced  in 
Special  Orders,  No.  23,  from  Secretary  of  War,  dated  Milliken’s  Bend.  La., 
May  8,  1863,  as  officers  of  the  Twelfth  Louisiana  Volunteers  of  African  descent, 
will  report  to  Charles  A.  Gilchrist  of  that  regiment  for  duty. 

By  order  of  Brigadier  General  Smith. 

(Official.)  M.  Rochester, 

Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

L.  B.  Martin , Acting  Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

Headquarters,  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry, 
Camp,  near  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  June  10,  1863. 

In  compliance  with  the  above  order  Capt.  R.  S.  Donaldson  of  Company  C, 
Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry,  will  report  to  Charles  A.  Gilchrist  for  duty. 

By  order  of  Lieut.  Col.  J.  E.  Tourtellotte,  commanding  regiment. 

W.  W.  Rich, 

15  Acting  Adjutant. 


226 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


A.  L.  Brown  of  Company  B and  E.  M.  Broughton  of  Com- 
pany H left  our  regiment  in  compliance  with  this  order  on 
June  8th.  We  will  state  that  Adjt.  Gen.  Lorenzo  Thomas  of 
the  United  States  Army  remained  at  Millilcen’s  Bend  and 
other  points  on  the  river,  on  the  little  steamboat  Rocket,  issu- 
ing orders  and  instructions  in  regard  to  organizing  the  freed- 
men  into  regiments,  and  issued  his  orders  in  the  name  of  the 
Secretary  of  War. 

June  10th — Wednesday. — Captain  Young  of  Company  A re- 
signed to-day  and  Lieut.  E.  U.  Russell  takes  command  of 
the  company.  The  rebels  began  firing  ten-inch  shells  to-day 
from  a mortar  planted  in  a ravine  south  of  Fort  Hill;  they 
are  trying  to  hit  and  dismount  our  nine-inch  siege  guns  at  Bat- 
tery Logan. 

June  14-th — Sunday. — Gen.  John  G.  Parke  with  two  divisions 
of  Burnside's  Ninth  Corps  arrived.  These  troops  are  loaded 
down  with  baggage  and  wonder  how  we  get  along  with  so  lit- 
tle, but  admire  our  scant  supply  and  say  that  if  the  Potomac 
army  ivas  stripped  as  ours  is  it  would  be  more  effective. 

July  18th — Thursday. — General  Grant  relieved  General  Mc- 
Clernand  of  the  command  of  the  Thirteenth  Corps  this 
evening  and  ordered  him  to  report  in  person  in  Illinois  and  by 
letter  to  the  adjutant  general  at  Washington.  [General  Grant 
states  that  he  relieved  McClernand  because  of  publishing  in 
Northern  papers  a fulsome  congratulatory  order  which  was 
■complained  of  by  McPherson  and  Sherman.  The  reader,  by 
referring  to  Badeau,  Vol.  I,  p.  667,  can  read  this  order,  and 
also  the  correspondence  on  the  subject. — Ed.]  Maj.  Gen.  E. 
0.  C.  Ord  took  command  of  Major  General  McClernand’s 
Sixteenth  Corps. 

June  <20th — Saturday. — There  was  a grand  bombardment  of 
the  rebel  works  and  city  by  the  land  and  naval  forces.  It  was  a 
grand  sight.  The  rapid  discharge  of  artillery,  shells  from  the 
gunboats  and  mortar  barges,  and  the  rattle  of  musketry  on 
both  sides  made  a din  and  uproar  seldom  equaled,  but  the  citi- 
zens and  soldiers  being  protected  by  bomb  proofs  and  caves 
did  not  suffer  much  loss  of  life.  Our  lines  are  now  drawing 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


227 


close  to  those  of  the  enemy  and  we  have  run  parallels  up 
near  to  them.  Saps  and  mines  have  been  run  under  several  of 
their  forts. 

June  — Wednesday. — Our  regiment  went  into  the  rifle-pits 

this  morning.  Lieut.  D.  L.  Wellman  of  Company  H was  to- 
day assigned  to  duty  as  acting  regimental  adjutant  in  place  ot 
Lieutenant  Kittredge,  wounded.  We  now  have  only  six  line 
officers  present  for  duty  in  the  regiment. 

June  25th — Thursday. — Lieut.  Lev.  Wellman  of  Company  C 
had  command  of  five  companies  to-day,  he  being  the  senior 
officer  present.  It  was  102  degrees  above  zero  to-day  in  the 
shade.  We  have  been  paid  for  March  and  April.  One  man 
of  Company  C was  shot  in  the  shoulder  this  afternoon. 
Some  of  our  hoys  have  been  out  visiting  Burnside’s  troops,  who 
are  guarding  our  rear  over  north  of  the  Jackson  wagon  road  in 
the  direction  of  Haines’  Bluff.  At  3:00  P.  M.  a mine  was  sprung 
under  Fort  Hill  on  the  Jackson  road  by  Logan’s  troops,  who 
undermined  it,  and  a desperate  attempt  was  made  to  capture 
the  line  at  that  point.  The  explosion  blew  off  the  top  of  the 
hill  and  left  a cone-shaped  crater  about  thirty-five  feet  in  diam- 
eter, into  which  the  Forty-fifth  Illinois  rushed  and  planted  their 
colors  on  the  bank,  the  enemy  holding  their  side  of  it.  The 
fighting  at  this  point  lasted  all  night,  our  men  lying  on  the 
edge  of  the  slope  and  firing  over  as  the  guns  were  loaded  and 
handed  up  to  them.  The  enemy  kept  throwing  hand-grenades 
among  our  men,  who  also  threw  grenades  back,  and  when  our 
grenades  had  all  been  expended,  a caisson  filled  with  ten-pound 
shells  was  run  up  the  ditch  excavated  in  the  road  to  the  front 
and  our  men  would  light  the  fuse  and  throw  them  over.  The 
following  named  regiments  each  in  its  turn  also  helped  hold 
the  crater  until  the  morning  of  the  twenty-sixth:  The  Twen- 

tieth Illinois,  Thirty-first  Illinois,  Fifty-sixth  Illinois,  Twenty- 
third  Indiana,  Thirty -first  Illinois;  and  then  the  Forty-fifth 
Illinois  and  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fourth  Illinois  held  it 
until  5:00  o'clock  p.  M.  of  the  twenty-eighth.  (24,  2,  294.)  On 
the  night  of  the  twenty-fifth  we  stood  near  to  Battery  Logan 
at  midnight  and  saw  bjT  the  glare  of  the  explosions  our  flag 
spread  to  the  breeze  above  our  brave  boys  who  were  fighting 
on  the  bank  of  the  crater. 


228 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


Colonel  Raum’s  report  states: 

By  orders  of  Gen.  J.  E.  Smith,  the  Seventeenth  Iowa  and  Fifty-sixth  Illinois, 
under  command  of  Col.  Clark  R.  Weaver,  reported  to  Major  General  Logan, 
and  during  a part  of  the  night  they  occupied  the  sap  and  partial  breach  made 
by  Logan’s  division,  with  a loss  of  fifty-four  men. 

The  headquarters  of  General  Logan  during  the  siege  was  on 
the  south  side  of  and  but  a few  rods  from  the  Jackson  road, 
seven  hundred  yards  in  front  of  Fort  Hill,  in  a tent,  and 
between  his  tent  and  the  road  was  planted  in  a redoubt  two 
nine-inch  Dahlgren  siege  guns  that  had  been  brought  up  from 
Admiral  Porter’s  gunboats. 

The  heav}7  guns  in  Logan’s  line  were  placed  in  position  on 
May  21st  and  another  battery  was  also  planted  that  day  near 
the  same  point.  Systematic  operations  were  commenced  on 
that  day  by  completing  the  protecting  parapets  and  platforms 
for  the  guns,  and  fixing  the  wagon  road  so  that  the  dooryard 
of  Mr.  Sherley’s  house,  which  was  in  front  and  on  the  north 
side  of  the  road,  could  be  reached  without  much  exposure. 
By  the  twenty-eighth  our  men  had  dug  a canal  eight  feet  wide 
and  five  feet  deep  in  the  middle  of  the  road  and  piled  up  the 
dirt  on  its  side,  making  a parapet  and  banquette.  It  was  deep 
enough  so  a person  could  walk  upright  in  it  and  be  secure 
from  danger.  Captain  Tresilian,  engineer  otficer  of  Logan’s 
division,  had  three  wooden  mortars  constructed  of  short  oak 
logs,  banded  with  iron, — one  six-pounder  and  two  twelve- 
pounders, — put  them  into  position  about  one  hundred  yards 
from  Fort  Hill,  and  the  shell  being  loaded  with  heavy  bursting 
charges,  and  the  exact  range  being  obtained,  made  fearful 
havoc  when  fired  among  the  enemy.  These  moftars  made  no 
loud  noise. 

The  enemy’s  ten-inch  mortar  in  a ravine  south  of  Fort  Hill 
troubled  us  a good  deal.  They  were  trying  to  get  the  range  of 
our  siege  guns.  A puff  of  white  smoke  would  be  seen  above 
where  the  mortar  was  placed,  when,  “Look  out!  there  comes 
another!”  could  be  heard,  and  a shell  would  be  seen  slowly 
rising,  its  burning  fuse  showing  a dim  streak  of  white  smoke, 
and  after  reaching  the  limit  of  its  ascension,  its  downward 
course  would  be  with  great  speed.  At  night  its  burning  fuse  • 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


229 


would  reveal  the  course  of  its  flight.  On  one  occasion  General 
Logan  and  his  staff  stood  in  a group  just  in  rear  of  those  siege 
guns,  watching  one  of  the  shells  as  it  slowly  rose,  turned  very 
gracefully,  and  a moment  after  the  general  exclaimed,  “Look 
out!”  when  it  came  down  and  entered  the  ground  in  their 
very  midst.  A lieutenant  dodged  and  fell  flat  and  the  ex- 
plosion covered  him  over  with  dirt.  No  person  was  injured, 
as  the  pieces  flew  out  of  the  ground  on  a sharp  angle.  The 
officer  as  he  lay  upon  the  ground  could  not  have  been  over 
four  feet  from  where  the  missile  entered.  The  writer  was  also 
standing  near  by  at  the  time.  Captain  Offley,  the  officer  at 
the  guns,  elevated  them,  put  in  light  charges  and  dropped  a 
few  shells  into  that  ravine,  and  for  a time  the  mortar  ceased, 
but  it  was  not  silenced. 


Battery  Logan. 

The  following  letter,  written  to  us  under  date  of  May  9tb, 
1888,  explains  itself: 

During  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  I was  captain  First  United  States  Infantry 
and  commanded  the  siege  guns  in  front  of  Fort  Hill  and  to  the  right  of  General 
Logan's  tent.  The  battery  was  called  “Battery  Logan,”  so  named  in  orders 
by  General  McPherson,  and  consisted  of  two  nine-inch  Dahlgrens  and  two 
thirty-pounder  Parrotts.  I also  had  a battery  of  Missouri  Light  Artillery 
under  my  command.  The  siege  guns  were  manned  by  Companies  E and  I, 
First  United  States  Infantry.  The  Dahlgrens  I got  from  one  of  the  gunboats 
of  the  Mississippi  squadron.  The  Parrotts  were  turned  over  to  me  after  the 
capture  of  New  Madrid,  Mo.,  and  were  used  during  the  siege  of  Island  No.  10. 
My  recollection  is  that  the  rebel  mortar  was  a ten-inch.  One  of  the  shells  from 
the  mortar  struck  one  of  the  Dahlgren  guns  just  forward  of  the  right-hand 
trunnion,  making  a large  and  deep  dent,  but  did  not  injure  the  usefulness  of 
the  gun,  as  I fired  it  immediately  as  a mortar,  when,  finding  it  all  right,  used  it 
afterwards  up  to  the  surrender  of  the  city.  On  one  or  two  occasions  General 
Logan  aimed  one  of  the  Dahlgrens.  I had  a corporal  of  the  Missouri  Light  Ar- 
tillery named  Young  detailed  on  duty  with  my  company,  who  had  been  a 
sailor  in  the  navy  and  was  an  excellent  shot,  and  I made  him  gunner.  One  of 
the  shells  from  the  rebel  mortar  exploded  in  the  tent  of  General  Logan’s  chief 
of  artillery,  but  not  in  General  Logan’s.  One  day  he  and  several  others  were 
standing  just  behind  my  battery  when  a shell  from  this  mortar  struck  the 
ground  between  them,  but  did  no  injury  to  anyone.  The  powder  and  fuse 
being  defective,  but  few  of  the  shells  exploded.  The  one  that  struck  my  gun 
had  a piece  of  fuse  sticking  out  of  it  at  least  a foot  long,  which  was  pulled  out 
by  one  of  my  men  and  brought  to  me.  My  Dahlgren  guns  were  about  seven 


230 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


hundred  yards  in  front  of  Fort  Hill,  my  Parrotts  about  five  hundred  yards. 
Just  before  the  explosion  at  Fort  Hill  (June  2oth)  I moved  one  of  the  Parrotts 
to  about  fifty  yards  from  this  fort,  just  alongside  of  the  observatory  built  by 
the  mau  who  was  called  “ Coonskin.”  Yours  truly, 

R.  H.  Offley, 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Seventeenth  Infantry. 

The  observatory  was  built  on  the  north  side  of  the  approach 
on  the  Jackson  road,  between  the  white  house  (Sherley’s)  and 
Fort  Hill.  It  was  built  square,  of  fence  rails  and  timbers,  like 
a cob-house,  with  double  walls  tilled  in  with  dirt,  having  steps 
inside,  and  it  was  hoped  that  from  its  top  a view  could  be  had 
of  the  enemy’s  line,  but  it  was  not  high  enough.  One  day  the 
writer  was  there  and  a comrade  informed  us  that  General 
Grant  had  just  been  up  to  the  top;  that  when  he  approached, 
being  dressed  in  his  private’s  uniform,  which  he  very  frequently 
wore  in  strolling  around,  a soldier  who  did  not  recognize  him 
accosted  him  with  a warning  to  keep  down,  which  the  general 
did  not  heed  but  still  continued  on  his  way.  “Say!”  said  the 

man,  “you  old ! ! you  had  better  keep  down  from 

there  or  you  will  get  shot!”  The  general  still  paid  no  at- 
tention to  him,  but  kept  on,  when  one  of  the  other  soldiers 
informed  the  man  who  the  person  was  that  he  had  been 
addressing.  Battery  Archer,  consisting  of  two  heavy  siege 
guns,  in  charge  of  Major  Archer  of  the  Seventeenth  Iowa 
Infantry,  was  located  in  rear  of  the  lines  of  the  Seventh 
Division.  Our  army  has  in  its  different  batteries  in  place  on 
this  date  two  hundred  and  twenty  cannon.  They  are  mostly 
light  field-pieces.  Eighty-nine  forts  and  redoubts  for  cannon 
have  been  constructed.  The  average  length  of  our  trenches 
is  twelve  miles. 

On  July  1st,  about  1:00  p.  m.,  we  sprung  another  mine  under 
Fort  Hill,  which  destroyed  the  redan  and  left  a large  chasm, 
but  our  troops  did  not  assault  the  works. 

During  the  siege  intoxicating  liquors  of  all  kinds  were  pro- 
hibited from  being  brought  into  the  army.  One  day  our 
wagonmaster,  Dan  Foster,  informed  us  that  he  had  some 
excellent  canned  goods  and  exhibited  some  labeled  “Peaches,” 
“ Tomatoes,”  etc.  On  opening  the  cans  they  were  found  to 
contain  liquors  of  various  kinds,  but  from  outside  inspection 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


231 


it  would  have  been  impossible  to  have  ascertained  their  con- 
tents. Good  table  butter  also  comes  to  us  in  tin  cans,  the 
same  as  canned  fruits. 

We  quote  from  “ Cave  Life:  ” 

About  this  time  the  town  was  aroused  by  the  arrival  of  a courier  from 
General  Johnston,  who  brought  private  dispatches  to  General  Pemberton,  the 
nature  of  which  did  not  transpire;  yet  from  the  very  silence  of  General  Pem- 
berton, the  officers  augured  the  worst.  The  courier  brought  many  letters  to 
the  inhabitants  from  friends  without.  His  manner  of  entering  the  city  was 
singular.  Taking  a skiff  in  the  Yazoo,  he  proceeded  to  its  confluence  with  the 
Mississippi,  where  he  tied  the  little  boat,  entered  the  woods  and  awaited  the 
night.  At  dark  he  took  off  his  clothing,  placed  his  dispatches  securely  within 
them,  bound  the  package  firmly  to  a plank,  and  going  into  the  river  he  sus- 
tained his  head  above  water  by  holding  to  the  plank,  and  in  this  manner 
floated  in  the  darkness  through  the  fleet  and  on  two  miles  down  the  river  to 
Vicksburg,  where  his  arrival  was  hailed  as  an  event  of  great  importance  in  the 
still  life  of  the  city.  The  hill  opposite  my  cave  might  be  called  “Death’s 
Point,”  from  the  number  of  animals  that  had  been  killed  in  eating  the  grass 
on  the  sides  and  summit.  In  all  directions  I can  see  the  turf  turned  up  from 
the  shells  that  have  gone  plowing  into  the  earth.  Horses  and  mules  that  are 
tempted  to  mount  the  hill  by  the  promise  of  grass  that  grows  profusely  there, 
invariably  come  limping  down  wounded,  to  die  at  the  base,  or  are  brought  down 
dead  from  the  summit.  A certain  number  of  mules  are  killed  each  day  by  the 
commissaries  and  are  issued  to  the  men,  all  of  whom  prefer  the  fresh  meat,  even 
though  it  be  of  mule,  to  the  bacon  and  salt  rations  that  they  have  eaten  for  so 
long  a time  without  change. 

[The  extracts  from  “ My  Cave  Life  in  Vicksburg,”  written 
by  a lady  whose  husband  was  a staff  officer  in  Forney’s  divi- 
sion of  General  Price’s  army  (rebel),  are  copied  by  permission 
of  D.  Appleton  & Co.  This  lady  occupied  a cave  between  the 
Jackson  and  the  Baldwin’s  Ferry  roads,  in  front  of  our  divi- 
sion.— Ed.] 

Returns  for  the  Month  of  June , 1863. — Total  enlisted  men  present  and  ab- 
sent, 629;  aggregate,  658;  last  month,  676;  enlisted  men  present  for  duty,  291; 
on  extra  and  daily  duty,  46;  sick,  56;  total  enlisted  men  present,  393.  Com- 
missioned officers  present  for  duty,  13;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  1;  sick,  3; 
total  commissioned  officers,  17. 

Remarks. — June  1st,  2d  and  3d,  remained  at  Snyder’s  Bluff.  June  4th, 
marched  ten  miles  to  the  lines  at  Vicksburg  and  encamped  in  the  ravine 
occupied  on  May  31st,  and  are  still  on  the  same  ground.  Lieutenant  Mor- 
rill of  Company  K and  Private  B.  V.  Robinson  of  Company  C,  wounded 
slightly  sharpshooting  in  the  front.  Edson,  sick  in  camp.  C.  L.  Snyder,  ab- 
sent, sick,  In  hospital  at  Memphis  since  April  11,  1863.  Graham,  sick  in  quar- 
ters. W.  F.  Wheeler,  first  lieutenant  of  Company  F,  returned  to  duty  June 


232 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


3,  1863.  G.  S.  Patch,  left,  sick,  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  March  1,  1863.  L.  B. 
Martin,  acting  assistant  adjutant  general  on  Colonel  Sanborn’s  staff  since  Oct. 
5,  1862.  James  M.  Hubbard  of  Company  F,  discharged  for  disability  June, 
1863  (date  not  known);  Thomas  Fallon  of  Company  B,  discharged  for  disability, 
April  5,  1863,  at  Memphis,  Tenn.  Joseph  A.  Goding  of  Company  B,  quarter- 
master sergeant  June  16,  1863.  Frederick  S.  Wood waid,  commissary  sergeant 
June  16,  1863.  Died  of  wounds — Charles  A.  Sherwin  of  Company  A,  June 
11,  1863,  at  Memphis,  Tenn.;  Private  John  Magnus  of  Company  H,  June  15, 
1863,  of  wounds  received  at  Vicksburg. 

SUMMARY  OF  CASUALTIES  IN  THE  UNION  FORCES  DURING  THE  OPERATIONS 
AGAINST  VICKSBURG,  MAY  1 TO  JULY'  4,  1863. 

[War  Records,  v.  24,  2,  167.] 


Engagements. 


Battle  of  Port  Gibson,  Thompson’s  Hill  or  Mag- 
nolia Church,  May  1st 

Skirmish  on  the  South  Fork  of  Bayou  Pierre 

May  2d 

Skirmish  on  the  North  Fork  of  Bayou  Pierre 
at  Willow  Springs,  Ingram’s  Heights,  Jones 
Cross-roads,  Forty  Hills  and  Hankinson’s 

Ferry,  May  3d 

Engagement  at  Raymond,  May  12th 

Skirmish  on  Fourteen  Mile  Creek,  May  12th 

Engagement  at  Jackson,  May  14t.h 

Battle  of  Champion’s  Hill  or  Baker’s  Creek, 

May  16th 

Engagement  at  Big  Black  River  Bridge,  May 

17th 

Skirmish  at  Bridgeport,  May  17th 

Skirmish  about  Vicksburg,  May  18th,  20th  and 
21st 


Assault  on  Vicksburg,  May  19th 

Assault  on  Vicksburg,  May  22d 

Siege  of  Vicksburg,  May  23d  to  July  4th 

Skirmish  near  Bear  Creek,  Mechanicsburg  and 
other  places 


Total., 


Killed. 


98 


130 


1 

59 

6 

40 

383 


40 

147 

465 

96 


1,416 


Wounded 


14 

108 

16 


14 

65 

173 

20 


474 


aS 

W 


675 


8 

322 

24 

237 

1,736 

221 

1 

180 
712 
2,  377 
399 

29 

6,  921 


Captured 

or 

Missing. 


35 

7 

183 

3 


146 

6 


443 


875 

1 


10 

422 

30 

300 

2,  441 

279 

1 

239 
942 
3, 199 
530 

73 

9,  342 


There  were  29,491  prisoners  captured  at  Vicksburg  and  1,147  captured  at  Jackson, 
Natchez  and  Yazoo  City;  total,  30,  638  (24,  1,  ’62);  and  over  one  hundred  and  seventy  pieces  of 
artillery  were  captured  at  Vicksburg. 


CHAPTER  X. 


Roster  of  Our  Division  and  Also  of  Logan’s  Division — Flag  of  Truce — Surrender 
of  Vicksburg— The  Terms  Accorded  the  Enemy — McPherson’s  Congratula- 
tory Order — Standing  on  Fort  Hill — Rebels  Stacking  Their  Arms — Brass 
Band  Plays  at  Sherley’s  House — Colonel  Strong’s  Party  Hoist  the  Flag  of 
the  Seventeenth  Army  Corps  on  the  Courthouse — Letter  from  General 
Clark — The  Troops  Marching  In;  Sharing  the  Honors — Our  Officers  Pur- 
chase New  Uniforms  and  Our  Brigade  was  the  First  One  to  the  Court- 
house— “Git  Down  Off  Dat  Mule” — A City  of  Caves — Extracts  from  the 
Wall  Paper  Edition  of  the  Daily  Citizen — Grant  Caught  His  Rabbit — Remov- 
ing Street  Barricades — Closing  the  River  in  1861 — Our  Regiment  Moves 
In — Paroling  the  Rebel  Army — Official  Reports — On  Provost  Duty — List 
of  Sick  in  Hospitals — Colonel  Sanborn’s  Farewell  Order  to  His  Brigade — 
We  Go  to  Helena  and  to  Memphis. 

Rosteb  of  the  Seventh  Division,  Seventeenth  Abmy  Cobps,  at  the 
Beginning  of  the  Siege  of  Vicksbueg,  Beig.  Gen.  Isaac  F.  Quinby 
Commanding  (Beig.  Gen.  John  E.  Smith  Commanding  feom  June  3d). 

FIEST  BEIGADE  — COL.  JOHN  B.  SANBOEN  COMMANDING. 

Fifty-ninth  Indiana,  Col.  Jesse  I.  Alexander. 

Forty-eighth  Indiana,  Col.  Norman  Eddy. 

Eighteenth  Wisconsin,  Col.  Gabriel  Bouck. 

Fourth  Minnesota,  Lieut.  Col.  John  E.  Tourtellotte  (Col.  J.  B.  Sanborn). 

SECOND  BEIGADE  — COL.  GEEEN  B.  EAUM  COMMANDING. 

Tenth  Missouri  (with  Company  F,  Twenty-fourth  Missouri  attached,  Maj. 

F.  C.  Deimling),  Col.  Samuel  A.  Holmes. 

Seventeenth  Iowa,  Lieut.  Col.  Clark  B.  Weaver  (Col.  D.  B.  Hillis). 

Eightieth  Ohio,  Maj.  Pren.  Metham  (Col.  M.  H.  Bartilson). 

Fifty-sixth  Illinois,  Capt.  P.  J.  Welsh  (Col.  G.  B.  Raum). 

THIED  BEIGADE  — COL.  GEOEGE  B.  BOOMEE  COMMANDING. 

Tenth  Iowa,  Lieut.  Col.  Paris  P.  Henderson  (Col.  Wm.  E.  Small). 

Fifth  Iowa,  Lieut.  Col.  E.  S.  Sampson. 

Twenty-sixth  Missouri,  Lieut.  Col.  B.  D.  Dean  (Col.  G.  B.  Boomer). 

Ninety-third  Illinois,  Col.  Holden  Putnam. 


234 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


ARTILLERY. 

First  Missouri  Light  Artillery,  Battery  M,  Lieut.  Junius  W.  McMurray. 

Sixth  Wisconsin  Battery,  Capt.  Henry  Dillon. 

Twelfth  Wisconsin  Battery,  Capt.  William  Zeickerick. 

Eleventh  Ohio  Battery,  Capt.  Frank  C.  Sands  (Lieut.  F.  E.  Armstrong). 

CAVALRY. 

A detachment  of  Fourth  Illinois. 

The  roster  of  Logan’s  Third  Division  during  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg  was  as  follows.  It  was  the  Third  Division,  Seven- 
teenth Corps: 

First  Brigade.  — Brig.  Gen.  M.  D.  Leggett  commanding:  Twentieth,  Forty- 
tifth,  Thirty-first  and  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fourth  Illinois,  and  Twenty- 
Third  Indiana.  [This  brigade  was  commanded  by  Gen.  John  E.  Smith  until 
June  3,  1863,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Seventh  Division 
of  the  Seventeenth  Corps,  and  Leggett,  who  had  before  commanded  the  Second 
Brigade,  assigned  to  command  the  First.  He  was  formerly  colonel  of  the  Sev- 
enty-eighth Ohio  and  General  Smith  was  colonel  of  the  Forty-fifth  Illinois.] 

Second  Brigade. — Col.  M.  F.  Force  commanding:  Twentieth,  Seventy- 

eighth  and  Sixty-eighth  Ohio,  and  Thirtieth  Illinois.  [Colonel  Force  was 
colonel  of  the  Twentieth  Ohio.  ] 

Third  Brigade.  — Brig.  Gen.  John  D.  Stevenson  commanding:  Eighth,  Sev- 

enteenth and  Eighty-first  Illinois.  Seventh  Missouri  and  Thirty-Second  Ohio. 
[Stevenson  was  formerly  colonel  of  the  Seventh  Missouri.] 

Artillery.  — Maj.  C.  J.  Stolbrand  commanding:  Third  Ohio,  Capt.  W.  S. 

Williams;  Eighth  Michigan,  Lieut.  T.  W.  Lockwood  (Captain  De  Golyer’s 
battery);  Captain  Sperrelstrom’s  battery  (G,  Second  Illinois  Light  Artillery); 
Capt.  W.  H.  Bolton’s  Chicago  Battery  (L,  Second  Illinois  Artillery);  Captain 
Yost’s  battery  (captured  at  Champion’s  Hill  from  the  enemy  by  the  Thirty- 
Second  Ohio). 

The  First  Brigade  was  located  in  and  along  the  Jackson 
road  in  front  of  Fort  Hill  and  Stevenson’s  brigade  south  of  the 
road.  These  two  brigades  operated  against  Fort  Hill.  On 
the  twenty-second  the  Seventh  Missouri  planted  its  colors  on 
the  parapet  of  the  fort  and  lost  six  color  bearers.  The  saps, 
mines  and  operations  against  the  fort  were  mainly  performed 
by  the  First  Brigade  after  Leggett  took  command  of  it,  and  in 
the  attempt  to  hold  the  crater  after  the  explosion  of  the  mine, 
June  25th  he  was  severely  wounded,  and  on  the  morning  of 
July  4th  was  assisted  to  mount  his  horse. 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


235 


The  Flag  of  Truce. 

W.  J.  Landrum,  brigadier  general  United  States  Volunteers, 
Lancaster,  Ky.,  says: 

In  my  address  at  the  reunion,  of  the  Cincinnati  Society  of  ex- Army  and 
Navy  Officers,  at  the  Burnet  House,  Jan.  12,  1882,  in  response  to  the  toast, 
“Vicksburg  and  Its  Siege,”  I gave  the  following  account  of  the  flag  of  truce 
alluded  to:  On  the  third  of  July,  under  a flag  of  truce,  General  Bowen  and 
Major  Montgomery  of  the  Confederate  army  appeared  in  our  front  and  were 
escorted,  blindfolded,  to  the  headquarters  of  General  Burbridge,  who,  being  con- 
fined to  his  bed  at  the  time,  sent  for  me  to  assist  in  entertaining  them  during 
their  stay.  After  entering  the  tent  the  handkerchiefs  were  removed,  and  they 
at  once  announced  that  they  were  the  hearers  of  a communication  from  Gen- 
eral Pemberton  to  General  Grant.  Gen.  A.  J.  Smith,  the  division  commander, 
was  then  sent  for,  and  upon  his  arrival  and  introduction  to  these  officers  he 
received  the  papers  and  started  to  the  headquarters  of  General  Grant.  The 
time  was  pleasantly  occupied  during  his  absence  in  discussing  the  battles  of 
Port  Gibson,  Baker’s  Creek  (Champion’s  Hill)  and  other  engagements,  General 
Bowen  especially  talking  freely  and  unreservedly  about  everything  that  had  no 
reference  to  the  siege.  He  complimented  Admiral  Farragut  for  his  gallantry  in 
running  the  blockade  of  Grand  Gulf  with  his  wooden  fleet,  and  said  that  he 
was  quite  sure  he  had  recognized  the  admiral  and  gave  orders  to  his  men  un- 
der no  circumstances  to  fire  at  him.  He  said  that  at  the  battle  of  Port  Gibson 
he  deceived  McClernand  as  to  his  real  strength  by  stretching  out  his  command 
and  making  a company  represent  a regiment.  Upon  the  return  of  General 
Smith  with  the  reply  of  General  Grant,  General  Bowen  opened  the  envelope 
and  read  the  communication,  and  remarked  that  a reply  would  be  sent  that 
night.  They  were  again  blindfolded, and  Major  Montgomery  by  a staff  officer  and 
General  Bowen  by  myself  were  conducted  through  our  works  back  to  the  Con- 
federate intrenchments.  The  bandages  were  removed  at  my  suggestion  as  soon 
as  we  reached  the  few  yards  of  disputed  territory,  and  after  lighting  our  cigars 
and  a pleasant  shake  of  the  hand  we  separated  with  a friendly  good-by.  I do 
not  remember  what  officer  of  General  Burbridge’s  brigade  escorted  the  Confed- 
erate officers  into  our  lines,  but  think  it  quite  probable  it  was  Major  Leonard 
of  the  Ninety-sixth  Ohio.  They  were  not  taken  to  General  Grant  and  never 
left  the  tent  of  Burbridge  during  the  time  they  were  in  our  lines.  Burbridge 
commanded  the  First  Brigade  of  Gen.  A.  J.  Smith’s  division,  while  I com- 
manded the  Second,  our  headquarters  being  within  sixty  or  seventy  yards  of 
each  other.  The  reply  of  General  Grant  was  written  on  small  note  paper  and 
was  not  read  aloud  by  Bowen,  hence  we  were  left  only  to  conjecture  as  to  the 
object  of  their  visit.  I think  something  was  said  by  Bowen  indicating  a desire 
on  his  part  to  have  a personal  interview  with  General  Grant,  and  he  was  in« 
formed  by  General  Smith  that  it  could  not  be  granted.  The  walking  through 
the  intrenchments  was  tiresome  and  worried  Bowen  considerably,  and  he  ex- 
pressed great  gratification  at  my  removal  of  the  handkerchiefs  with  which  their 
eyes  were  bandaged.  I was  satisfied  that  the  visit  was  with  reference  to  a con- 


236 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


templated  surrender,  though  no  allusion  was  made  to  that  subject  or  to  any- 
thing connected  with  the  siege  by  anyone  present  during  the  interview,  which 
lasted  about  an  hour  and  a half.  The  distance  between  our  headquarters  and 
those  of  General  Grant  was  about  a mile,  but  General  Smith  was  a very  rapid 
rider.  Bowen  and  Montgomery  were  handsome,  well-formed  men,  fine  conver- 
sationalists, and  seemed  to  enjoy  their  visit.  If  they  felt  any  chagrin  or  morti- 
ficition  at  the  existing  state  of  affairs  they  did  not  show  it.  On  the  contrary, 
they  looked  bright  and  cheerful,  and  were  genial  and  interesting  in  their  con- 
versation and  bearing  generally.  From  what  I had  seen  of  his  management  of 
troops  I was  impressed  with  the  belief  that  General  Bowen  was  not  only  one  of 
the  best  of  officers  in  Pemberton’s  command,  but  one  of  the  best  in  the  Confed- 
erate army. 

The  following  is  taken  from  “My  Cave  Life  in  Vicksburg:” 

On  Saturday,  July  3d,  a painful  calm  prevailed.  There  had  been  a truce 
proclaimed,  and  so  long  had  the  constant  firing  been  kept  up  that  the  stillness 
was  absolutely  oppressive  At  ten  o’clock  General  Bowen  passed  by,  dressed  in 
full  uniform,  accompanied  by  Colonel  Montgomery  and  preceded  by  a courier 

bearing  a white  flag.  M came  by  and  asked  me  if  I would  like  a walk  out; 

so  I put  on  my  bonnet  and  sallied  forth  beyond  the  terrace  for  the  first  time 
since  I entered.  On  the  hill  above  us  the  earth  was  literally  covered  with 
fragments  of  shell  — Parrott,  sbrapnell,  canister  — besides  lead  in  all  shapes  and 
forms,  and  a long  kind  of  solid  shot,  shaped  like  a small  Parrott  shell . Minie- 
balls  lay  in  every  direction,  flattened,  dented  and  bent  from  the  contact  with 
trees  and  pieces  of  wood  in  their  flight.  The  grass  seemed  deadened  — the 
ground  plowed  into  furrows  in  many  places;  while,  scattered  over  all,  like 
giants’  pepper,  in  measureless  quantity,  were  the  shrapnell  balls.  I could 
now  see  how  very  near  to  the  rifle-pits  my  cave  lay;  only  a small  ravine  be- 
tween the  two  hills  separated  us.  In  about  two  hours  General  Bowen  returned. 
No  one  knew,  or  seemed  to  know,  why  a truce  had  beeu  made;  but  all  believed 
that  a treaty  of  surrender  was  pending.  Nothing  was  talked  about  among  the 
officers  but  the  all-engrossing  theme.  Many  wished  to  cut  their  way  out  and 
make  the  risk  their  own;  but  I secretly  hoped  that  no  such  bloody  hazard 

would  be  attempted.  The  next  morning,  Sunday,  the  fourth,  M came  up 

with  a pale  face,  saying:  “It’s  all  over!  the  white  flag  floats  from  our  forts! 

Vicksburg  has  surrendered!” 

On  July  3d  a flag  of  truce  and  two  rebel  officers  — Maj. 
Gen.  J.  S.  Bowen  and  Captain  Montgomery  — came  out  of  the 
enemy’s  works,  about  10:00  A.  M.,  and  the  firing  ceased.  The 
troops  got  upon  the  works  and  talked  to  each  other.  The  of- 
ficers were  the  bearers  of  a letter  from  Pemberton  to  Grant 
proposing  an  armistice.  At  3:00  o’clock  p.  m.  General  Grant,  ac- 
companied by  Ord,  McPherson,  Logan,  A.  J.  Smith  and  some 
of  Grant’s  staff,  and  Pemberton,  Bowen  aud  Montgomery,  met 
under  the  oak  tree  in  front  of  Logan’s  division  and  just 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


237 


south  of  Fort  Hill.  These  officers  could  be  seen  from  the 
hill  above  our  camp.  Ho  terms  were  agreed  upon  at  this 
conference,  but  Grant  informed  Pemberton  that  he  would 
send  him  a letter  by  10:00  p.  m.  giving  him  his  final  terms, 
which  were,  in  substance:  One  division  of  our  army  was  to 

march  in  at  8:00  A.  M.  to-morrow  (changed  to  10:00  A.  M.) ; 
rolls  to  be  made  out  and  signed;  enemy  to  march  out,  offi_ 
cers  taking  their  side  arms  and  clothing,  and  field,  staff  and 
cavalry  officers,  one  horse  each;  the  rank  and  file  all  their 
clothing,  the  amount  of  rations  deemed  necessary  and  cook- 
ing utensils,  thirty  wagons,  two  animals  to  each.  The  same 
terms  to  all  sick  as  soon  as  able  to  travel.  Pemberton  tried 
to  have  these  terms  modified  and  proposed,  at  10:00  a.  m.,  to 
evacuate,  stack  arms  outside  and  surrender  the  works,  the 
city  and  his  army.  These  terms  were  finally  made  and  Pem- 
berton informed  that  if  no  notification  was  received  by  9:00  a. 
m.  of  the  fourth  he  should  regard  them  as  rejected.  Maj.  Gen. 
John  H.  Forney,  having  been  assigned  by  Pemberton  for  the 
purpose,  received  the  Union  army  at  Fort  Hill. 

The  following  is  the  order  of  General  McPherson,  read  to 
the  troops  of  his  command  at  dress  parade  on  the  evening  of 
July  4th,  1863 : 


Headquarters  Seventeenth  Army  Corps, 

Department  of  the  Tennessee. 

Vicksburg,  Miss.,  July  4,  1863. 

General  Orders,  No.  20: 

Soldiers  of  the  Seventeenth  Army  Corps  : Again  I rejoice  with  you 
over  your  brilliant  achievements  and  your  unparalleled  success. 

Hardly  had  your  flag  floated  to  the  breeze  on  the  capitol  of  Mississippi 
when,  springing  to  the  call  of  your  noble  commander,  you  rushed  upon  the 
defiant  columns  of  the  enemy  at  Champion’s  Hill  and  drove  him  in  confusion 
and  dismay  across  the  Big  Black  to  his  defenses  within  the  stronghold  of  Vicks- 
burg. 

Your  assaulting  columns,  which  moved  promptly  on  his  works  on  the 
twenty-second  of  May  and  which  stood  for  hours  undaunted  under  a wither- 
ing fire,  were  unsuccessful  only  because  no  men  could  take  the  position  by 
storm. 

With  tireless  energy,  with  sleepless  vigilance,  by  night  and  by  day,  with  bat- 
tery and  with  rifle-pit,  with  trench  and  mine,  you  made  your  sure  approaches, 
until,  overcome  by  fatigue  and  driven  to  despair  in  the  attempt  to  oppose  your 
irresistible  progress,  the  whole  garrison  of  over  thirty  thousand  men,  with  all 


238 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


their  arms  and  munitions  of  war,  have,  on  this  the  anniversary  of  our  national  in- 
dependence, surrendered  to  the  invincible  troops  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee. 

The  achievements  of  this  hour  will  give  a new  meaning  to  this  memorable 
day,  and  Vicksburg  will  brighten  the  glow  in  the  patriot’s  heart  which  kindles 
at  the  mention  of  Bunker  Hill  and  Yorktown. 

This  is  indeed  an  auspicious  day  for  you.  The  God  of  Battles  is  with  you- 
The  dawn  of  a conquered  peace  is  breaking  upon  you;  the  plaudits  of  an 
admiring  world  will  hail  you  wherever  you  may  go,  and  it  will  be  an  ennobling 
heritage  surpassing  all  riches  to  have  been  of  the  Seventeenth  Army  Corps  on 
the  Fourth  of  July,  1863.  James  B.  McPherson, 

[24,  3,  476.]  Major  General. 

July  4-th — Saturday. — About  8:00  o’clock  a.  m.  Capt.  Geo. 
S.  Spicer  of  the  Fiftieth  United  States  Colored  Troops  (former- 
ly of  the  Fifth  Iowa)  and  the  writer  walked  up  the  Jackson 
road  toward  Fort  Hill.  White  flags  were  displayed  all  along 
the  Confederate  lines.  We  passed  readily  along  to  the  front, 
walked  up  on  the  fort  and  proceeded  to  examine  the  work. 
We  were  interested  in  the  hole  made  by  the  explosion  on  June 
25th,  which  explosion  we  had  witnessed  at  the  time.  Generals 
Forney,  Bowen  and  Captain  Montgomery,  at  the  time  we  got 
there,  were  standing  on  the  fort.  The  first,  with  folded  arms, 
was  walking  a little  distance  aside  and  seemed  to  be  meditating 
over  the  situation  and  looking  over  toward  General  Grant’s 
headquarters.  Captain  Montgomery  asked  one  of  us  about  the 
effects  of  some  shells  that  he  had  fired  a few  days  previously 
at  the  two-story  white  house  of  Mr.  Sherley  (who  was  at  home 
and  claimed  to  be  a Union  man).  Apart  of  this  house  was 
used  by  the  Forty-fifth  Illinois  as  its  headquarters.  It  stood  on 
the  north  side  of  the  road,  about  three  hundred  yards  outside 
of  the  fort,  and  was  the  only  house  between  our  lines  and  the 
enemy  on  that  road  and  in  the  reports  is  called  “ the  white 
house.”  During  the  conversation  which  ensued  the  First  Bri- 
gade Band  of  Forty-fifth  and  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fourth 
Illinois  of  Logan’s  division  stationed  itself  (at  10:00  A.  M.)  on  a 
small  veranda  out  of  the  second  story  of  Shelley’s  house  and 
played  patriotic  airs,  “ Hail  Columbia,”  Star  Spangled  Banner,” 
etc.  The  lines  along  which  the  vision  extended,  for  nearly  a 
mile  and  a half  each  way,  were  quiet.  The  men  were  seen 
standing  upon  both  sides  and  near  enough  together  to  converse. 


Washington  Street.  — Showing  the  Point  Up  the  River. 


Sherley’s  House. 


Looking  East  from  the  Courthouse. 

SCENES  AT  VICKSBURG.— TAKEN  FROM  WAR-TIME  PHOTOGRAPHS. 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


239 


As  the  music  swelled  forth,  Captain  Montgomery  turned  to 
Bowen  and  remarked,  “That’s  damned  humiliating,  General!” 
“Oh,  I don’t  know !”  said  Bowen.  “Well,  we  can’t  always  win ; 
we  will  live  in  hopes  and  try  again.”  Not  long  before  ten 
o’clock  two  officers  rode  up  to  the  fort  from  Logan’s  advanced 
line  and  the  colonel  commandingthe  Confederate  troops  at  that 
point  met  them  there.  The  officers  dismounted  and  a short 
conversation  ensued.  We  heard  the  Confederate  officer  speak 

of  himself  as  Colonel from  Missouri,  and  ask  if  he 

should  have  his  men  march  outside  and  stack  their  arms  and 
he  was  told  that  was  the  understanding.  The  Confederate 
troops  then  marched  out,  stacked  their  arms  and  then  returned 
to  their  line.  No  cheering  was  indulged  in.  The  writer  and 
his  companion  then  started  for  the  city  as  fast  as  they  could  walk, 
and  concluded  they  would  be  among  the  first  ones  in,  as  no 
person  was  ahead.  We  walked  to  the  courthouse  at  a lively 
pace. 

Stacking  arms  consumed  a little  over  an  hour.  McPherson,  Logan,  Forney 
and  their  staffs  stood  on  the  breastworks.  After  the  arms  were  stacked  they 
all  rode  to  Forney’s  headquarters.  Pemberton  and  all  his  general  officers  were 
there.  Pemberton  was  sitting  in  a chair  when  they  arrived  and  he  did  not  offer 
General  Grant  a seat.  McPherson  and  Logan  then  rode  out  to  the  troops  and 
Lieut.  Col.  ffm.  E.  Strong  and  others,  who  were  detailed  for  the  purpose,  rode 
to  the  city,  about  a mile  distant,  and  ascending  to  the  cupola  of  the  courthouse, 
at  11:30  o’clock  A.  M.  [hoisted  the  headquarters  flag  of  the  Seventeenth  Army 
Corps — Ed.],  flung  out  the  banner  of  beauty  and  glory  to  the  breeze. — [Put- 
nam’s Becord  of  the  Bebellion,  Vol.  VII.  p.  51.] 

We  were  talking  to  a Confederate  soldier  in  the  trench  just 
south  of  Fort  Hill  this  morning,  after  they  had  stacked  their 
arms  at  that  point,  and  pointing  to  a batten7  in  Ransom’s 
line  northwest,  said,  “ There  is  a gun  over  there  that  did  us  a 
great  deal  of  damage  because  it  enfiladed  this  ditch.  One 
shell  came  in  here  and  killed  five  men.  Here  is  the  spot  and 
you  can  see  their  blood,”  pointing  it  out.  The  courthouse  in 
the  city  was  about  two  and  a half  miles  from  our  line  and  had 
been  a common  target  for  the  Union  artillerists  and  could  be 
plainly  seen  from  the  most  of  the  line;  hundreds  of  shots 
were  fired  at  it,  but  the  only  one  that  struck  it  that  we  could 
discover  was  on  the  side  of  oue  of  the  four  columns  of  the 
cupola,  which  had  a piece  cut  out  of  its  side. 


240 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


Seven  wagon  roads  pass  out  of  Vicksburg,  one  going  north 
through  and  over  the  bluffs  to  the  Yazoo  river  bottoms;  one 
northwest,  passing  by  the  cemetery,  and  known  as  the  Ceme- 
tery road;  one  going  east,  called  the  Jackson  road;  theu  the 
Baldwin’s  Ferry  road  that  runs  out  of  the  city  parallel  with 
the  railroad;  the  Hall’s  Ferry  road,  south  of  the  railroad;  and 
lastly,  the  upper  and  lower  YVarrenton  roads. 

Sly  says:  “At  4 o’clock  p.  m.  we  marched  into  the  city  and 

stacked  arms  at  the  courthouse.  Had  half  an  hour  to  look 
around  and  then  marched  back  to  camp.”  [Population  of 
Vicksburg,  YVarren  county,  in  1880,  was  11,814.] 

We  quote  the  following  from  J.  H.  Thurston: 

Vicksburg  has  fallen,  and  that  on  our  glorious  Fourth  of  July,  the  anni- 
versary of  our  national  independence.  I have  just  been  up  on  the  hill  and  saw 
the  rebels  marching  out  and  stacking  their  arms.  Our  forces  are  also  moving 
in.  Marched  into  Vicksburg,  banners  flying  and  music  playing.  This  is  the 
most  glorious  Fourth  of  July  I ever  spent.  Fireworks  seem  to  be  all  around 
the  lines. 

At  night,  fireworks  having  been  procured,  our  troops  had  a 
grand  illumination. 

General  Sanborn  writes : 

On  the  evening  of  the  third  of  July  General  McPherson  came  to  me  in  per- 
son and  said  that  my  own  brigade  and  John  D.  Stevenson’s  brigade  of  Logan’s 
division  were  designated  to  take  possession  of  Vicksburg  and  take  charge  of 
guarding  and  paroling  the  prisoners,  for  the  reason  that  they  had  fought  the 
hardest  and  suffered  the  most  in  the  campaign.  All  the  writers  that  I have 
examined  on  this  matter  have  reported  that  the  place  was  taken  possession  of 
by  Logan’s  division.  While  this  is  not  strictly  untrue,  it  is  not  the  precise 
truth.  But  it  is  immaterial  as  a matter  of  history,  so  far  as  the  campaign  is 
concerned;  but  is  not  quite  satisfactory  to  the  troops  who  bore  off  the  honors 
of  the  campaign  and  were  designated  to  and  did  actually  march  into  Vicksburg 
and  guard  and  parole  the  prisoners  of  war.  As  ordered  by  General  McPherson, 
I led  the  column  that  marched  into  Vicksburg,  and  the  Fourth  Minnesota 
Band  and  Regiment  led  my  brigade. 

Nearly  all  the  officers  of  the  army  had  procured  and  had  by  them  new  uni- 
forms in  anticipation  of  the  surrender.  On  the  fourth  all  such  uniforms  were 
put  on,  every  enlisted  man  burnished  his  gun  so  that  it  glimmered  in  the 
sunshine  like  pure  silver,  the  bands  of  music  took  their  position,  and  the 
commands  marched  from  their  camping  places  during  the  siege  into  and  through 
the  city  to  the  courthouse  and  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi  river.  Steamboats 
by  the  score,  if  not  by  the  hundred,  came  out  of  the  Yazoo  and  down  the  river 
from  Milliken’s  Bend,  and  there  was  a scene  of  life  and  joy  and  excitement 
such  as  is  rarely  seen  on  this  planet. 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


241 


Orders  were  at  once  issued  by  General  Grant  directing  the  details  of  all  offi- 
cers and  men  competent  for  the  duty  to  write  and  take  paroles,  and  the  work 
of  paroling  the  rebel  prisoners  was  commenced  in  good  earnest  and  occupied  the 
time  for  about  a single  week.  When  everyone  had  received  his  parole  they 
formed  in  regular  ranks  and  marched  out,  with  their  side  arms,  in  accordance 
with  the  terms  of  the  surrender. 

The  following  is  a copy  of  the  instructions  and  orders  issued  by  me  to  the 
officers  and  men  detailed  to  carry  into  effect  the  instructions  received  from  Gen- 
eral Grant.  I remained  on  duty  all  day  and  decided  the  questions  as  they  arose 
between  the  officers  and  their  slaves: 

Headquarters  First  Brigade,  Seventh  Division, 

♦ Seventeenth  Army  Corps. 

Vicksburg,  Miss.,  July  9,  1863. 

The  following  instructions  will  govern  the  several  commissioned  and  non- 
commissioned officers  in  the  examination  of  the  paroled  prisoners  in  being  passed 
beyond  the  lines: 

The  following  officers  being  duly  paroled  to  be  passed  with  their  side  arms, 
private  horses  (one  each)  and  baggage: 

All  general  officers,  with  their  staff. 

All  field  and  staff  officers  of  regiments. 

All  commissaries  and  quartermasters. 

All  other  officers  with  special  permits  from  Major  General  McPherson,  with- 
out horses. 

All  line  officers  with  side  arms  and  private  baggage. 

All  soldiers  being  duly  paroled  will  be  passed  out  with  knapsacks,  haver- 
sacks, canteens  and  blankets,  after  being  duly  examined  to  see  that  they  have 
no  contraband  articles,  such  as  colors,  powder,  caps  or  cartridges;  when  such 
articles  are  found,  they  will  be  taken  possession  of  by  the  parties  making  the 
examination. 

No  negroes  will  be  permitted  to  pass  with  the  troops,  except  such  as  the 
commanding  officer  shall  decide  entitled  to  pass  the  lines  under  existing  orders. 

After  each  regiment  shall  have  been  examined,  the  regimental  wagons  will 
be  examined  and  all  articles  contraband,  such  as  colors,  powder,  caps  and  cart- 
ridges, will  be  taken  possession  of. 

The  wagons  allowed  are  as  follows: 

General  headquarters,  two  teams. 

Each  division  headquarters,  one  team. 

Each  brigade  headquarters,  one  team,  four  mules. 

Each  regiment  headquarters,  four  mules. 

Chief  quartermaster,  one  team,  four  mules. 

Each  artillery  company,  one  team,  two  mules,  where  company  exceeds 
sixty  men. 

No  other  teams  will  be  passed  except  such  as  the  commanding  officer  shall 
decide  to  be  entitled  to  do  so  under  existing  orders. 

Commanding  officers  will  instruct  their  men  that  it  is  the  desire  of  Major 
General  Grant  that  no  soldier  shall  indulge  in  either  abuse  or  jeering  language 
16 


242 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


to  the  prisoners  whilst  being  examined  or  being  passed  beyond  the  lines,  and 
the  commanding  general  feels  assured  that  his  command  will  conduct  them- 
selves with  magnanimous  forbearance  toward  their  conquered  foes.  All  men 
and  officers  are  enjoined  to  remain  patiently  upon  the  ground  until  such  time 
as  they  shall  complete  the  work  assigned  to  them. 

By  order  of  John  B.  Sanborn, 

Colonel , Commanding. 

Many  singular  and  some  ridiculous  incidents  occurred,  mainly  in  connec- 
tion with  the  colored  servants  of  the  officers.  We  formed  a line  of  officers  and 
men,  mainly  as  a corps  of  observation,  to  observe  the  rebel  army  as  it  passed 
through  the  fortifications  and  out  into  the  Confederacy.  Strange  changes 
seemed  to  come  over  the  minds  of  these  faithful  servants  very  suddenly  at 
times.  They  would  dart  up  to  me  and  ask  if  they  were  compelled  to  go  out, 
and  upon  receiving  the  answer  that  it  was  optional  with  them  to  go  or  stay, 
universally,  so  far  as  I know,  deserted  their  masters  and  staid  in  the  Federal 
lines. 

The  number  of  men  surrendered  to  Grant  at  Vicksburg  was  31,600,  including 
2,153  officers,  of  whom  fifteen  were  generals.  One  hundred  and  seventy-two 
cannon  also  fell  into  his  hands.  It  was  the  largest  capture  of  men  and  mate- 
rial which  had  ever  been  made  in  war  up  to  that  time.  The  small  arms  sur- 
rendered exceeded  forty  thou«and. 

The  campaign  at  Vicksburg  opened  amid  the  greatest  diversity  of  opinion  in 
regard  to  what  was  commonly  known  as  the  negro  question.  General  McClel- 
lan, in  1862,  after  he  had  been  driven  back  to  Harrison’s  Landing,  wrote  to  the 
President,  among  other  things,  that  “the  military  power  should  not  be  allowed 
to  interfere  with  the  relations  of  servitude,  either  by  supporting  or  impairing 
the  authority  of  the  master,  except  for  repressing  disorders  in  certain  cases;” 
and  made  the  statement  that  “a  declaration  of  radical  views,  especially  upon 
slavery,  will  rapidly  disintegrate  our  present  armies.” 

Notwithstanding  this,  Mr.  Lincoln  had  issued  his  Proclamation  of  Emanci- 
pation, to  the  effect  that  “on  the  first  day  of  January,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-three,  all  persons  held  as  slaves  within 
any  state,  or  designated  part  of  a state,  the  people  whereof  shall  then  be  in  re- 
bellion against  the  people  of  the  United  States,  shallbe  thenceforth  and  forever 
free,  and  the  executive  government  of  the  United  States,  including  the  mili- 
tary and  naval  authority,  will  recognize  and  maintain  the  freedom  of  such  per- 
sons, and  will  do  no  act  or  acts  to  repress  such  persons  or  any  of  them  in  any 
efforts  they  may  make  for  their  actual  freedom.” 

It  was  all  that  military  authority  and  power  could  do  to  maintain  disci- 
pline in  some  of  the  regiments  recruited  from  the  border  states  and  along  the 
line  of  the  free  states  as  they  bordered  upon  slave  states,  but  the  result  of  this 
campaign  seemed  to  crystallize  all  these  conflicting  ideas,  and  the  country  for 
the  first  time  settled  down  to  the  determined  purpose  that  the  war  should  be 
from  thenceforth  conducted  with  a view  to  making  absolute  freedom  and  ab- 
solute justice  the  law  of  its  life.  Confidence  was  infused  through  the  Northern 
States  by  this  campaign  that  the  rebellion  could  be  overthrown  and  the  rebel 
government  subjugated,  and  it  was  the  first  time  that  there  had  been  implicit 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


243 


faith  in  ultimate  success  during  the  progress  of  the  war.  It  was  the  first  great 
aggressive  movement  that  had  been  successfully  made  during  the  Rebellion  up 
to  that  time.  The  most  intelligent  and  wisest  of  the  Southern  leaders  then  in 
the  Confederate  army  at  Vicksburg  frankly  admitted  that  the  doom  of  the 
Confederacy  was  sealed,  although  conceding  at  the  same  time  that  public  senti- 
ment through  the  South  was  wrought  up  to  so  high  a pitch  that  other  battles 
would  have  to  be  fought  and  other  campaigns  carried  on  before  the  great  mass 
of  their  people  could  be  convinced  that  they  could  not  maintain  their  govern- 
ment. 

No  campaign  in  the  history  of  human  affairs  has  done  so  much  to  establish 
freedom  and  justice  as  the  Vicksburg  campaign.  It  seemed  to  derive  its  prin- 
ciple and  great  purpose  from  the  noble  and  martyred  President  and  its  energy 
and  vigor  from  the  greatest  general  of  his  day,  and  its  influence  for  good  on 
mankind  can  never  be  lost.  Such  achievement  of  men,  in  such  a cause,  can 
never  be  forgotten. 

When  ages  shall  have  passed  away  and  the  proudest  monuments  erected  by 
human  hands  shall  have  crumbled  to  dust,  and  even  those  heights  from  which 
the  guns  of  Vicksburg  frowned  and  belched  forth  fire  and  death  shall  have  been 
worn  away  by  that  mighty  river  that  rolls  at  their  base,  the  fame  and  glory  of 
the  campaign  that  compelled  the  surrender  of  this  stronghold  and  of  the  com- 
mander that  gave  it  direction  and  success  will  still  survive,  “exempt  from  mu- 
tability and  decay,”  a light  and  hope  to  the  desponding  and  oppressed  people 
of  all  lands  and  a beacon  to  all  nations  struggling  to  establish  liberty,  humanity 
and  justice  as  the  law  of  their  national  life. 

The  troops  of  General  Logan’s  division  were  the  first  to 
enter  the  outside  fortifications  on  the  Jackson  road,  the}7  pitched 
their  tents  in  the  outskirts  of  the  city  on  the  north  side  of  the 
road  earl}'  in  the  afternoon.  The  First  Brigade,  General  Leg- 
gett commanding,  led  Logan’s  troops.  Leggett  says  in  his  re- 
port (24,  2,  294): 

My  brigade,  led  by  the  Forty-fifth  Illinois,  was  honored  with  the  privilege 
of  being  the  first  to  enter  the  garrison,  and  the  flag  of  the  Forty-fifth  Illinois 
the  first  to  float  over  the  conquered  city. 

Their  flag  was  not  the  first  one  to  fly  from  the  courthouse  as 
some  have  asserted. 

General  Sanborn  copied  for  us  the  following  letter : 

Fakgo,  Jan.  11,  1886. 

Gen.  John  B.  Sanborn , St.  Paul, 

My  Dear  General:  During  the  terrible  assault  on  Vicksburg, the  twenty- 
second  of  May,  1863,  the  Seventh  Division  of  the  Seventeenth  Corps  suffered 
more  severely  than  any  other  command.  The  last  charge,  made  by  reason 
of  General  McClernand’s  false  reports  to  General  Grant,  was  simply  murder 
and  slaughter,  and  it  was  your  command  that  was  mowed  down  then  and  there. 
I saw  the  charge  — carried  the  order,  indeed  — and  saw  the  gallant  Colonel 


244 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


Boomer  of  the  Twenty-sixth  Missouri  fall.  The  loss  was  over  seven  hundred 
men  in  less  than  forty  minutes.  Remembering  your  conduct  and  that  of  your 
splendid  troops,  General  McPherson  gave  you  the  right  of  the  line  on  our  tri- 
umphant entry  into  Vicksburg  on  the  morning  of  the  Fourth  of  July,  1863. 
Logan  followed,  and  being  ranking  division  commander  was  made  commander 
of  the  post.  You  had  your  troops  disposed  of  to  protect  property,  and  had, 
under  my  suggestion,  taken  possession  of  all  the  printing  presses  with  a view 
to  preparing  paroles.  General  Grant’s  memory  is  frequently  at  fault  in  what 
he  writes  concerning  this  campaign.  Doubtless  General  Logan,  who  visited 
Grant  about  the  time  he  was  on  this  part  of  his  work,  unintentionally  misled 
him.  I have  already  corrected  his  account  regarding  the  flag  on  the  court- 
house. It  was  our  headquarters  flag  that  first  floated  there,  placed  by  General 
Strong’s  party.  Hardly  a week  passes  that  I am  not  called  upon  to  correct 
errors  of  statements  which  are  doing  some  gallant  officer  great  injustice.  If 
my  mind  ever  gets  free  from  the  struggle  for  daily  bread,  I shall  turn  the 
light  on  those  operations  and  give  the  meed  of  praise  where  it  justly  belongs. 
I am  writing  now  where  it  is  so  cold  that  I can  hardly  hold  my  pen. 

Now,  my  dear  general,  if  this  is  not  sufficiently  in  detail,  I will  reproduce 
it  for  you  and  put  it  in  official  shape. 

Faithfully  yours, 

W.  T.  Clark, 

Adjutant  General  Seventeenth  Corps , 1863. 

General  Clark  is  in  error  as  to  the  time  of  day  when  Colonel 
Sanborn  with  his  brigade  led  the  army  into  Vicksburg  to  the 
courthouse.  It  was  in  the  afternoon  instead  of  the  forenoon. 

The  official  war  records  (Vol.  24,  1,  178  and  subsequent 
pages)  contain  ample  proof  that  McClernand’s  statement  was 
not  false;  that  his  troops  captured  the  first  fort  south  of  the 
railroad  at  about  11:00  o’clock  a.  m.,  and  held  it  until  about 
5:00  o’clock  p.  M.  If  his  statement  had  been  false  he  would 
undoubtedly  have  been  suspended  from  his  command  that 
night.  He  did  wrong,  however,  in  permitting  our  division  to 
assault  the  works  after  his  own  troops  had  been  repulsed  and 
the  assault  along  the  line  had  ceased. 

Colonel  Sanborn’s  brigade  was  the  next  troops  to  pass  the 
outside  fortifications,  which  they  did  on  the  Baldwin’s  Ferry 
road,  and  after  marching  some  distance  toward  the  city  came 
to  the  road  where  Colonel  Sanborn  expected  to  meet  General 
Stevenson  with  his  brigade  to  march  with  us  to  the  courthouse, 
halted  his  troops,  waiting  for  an  hour  or  longer  for  General 
Stevenson,  who  did  not  come,  and  then  he  marched  on  without 
Stevenson’s  brigade  into  the  city  to  the  courthouse,  and  his 
were  the  first  troops  to  arrive  there. 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


245 


We  quote  from  “Cave  Life:” 

M in  the  morning  came  up  with  a pale  face,  saying,  “ It’s  all  over!  the 

white  flag  floats  from  our  forts.  Vicksburg  has  surrendered!”  He  put  on  his 
uniform  coat,  silently  buckled  on  his  sword,  and  prepared  to  take  out  the  meu 
to  deliver  up  their  arms  in  front  of  the  fortification.  I felt  a strange  unrest, 
the  quiet  of  the  day  was  so  unnatural.  I walked  up  and  down  the  cave  until 

M returned.  The  day  was  extremely  warm,  and  he  came  with  a violent 

headache.  He  told  me  that  the  Federal  troops  had  acted  splendidly;  they  were 
stationed  opposite  the  place  where  the  Confederate  troops  marched  up  and 
stacked  their  arms,  and  they  seemed  to  feel  sorry  for  the  poor  fellows  who  had 
defended  the  place  for  so  long  a time.  Far  different  from  what  he  had  ex- 
pected, not  a jeer  or  taunt  came  from  any  one  of  the  Federal  soldiers.  Occa- 
sionally a cheer  would  be  heard;  hut  the  majority  seemed  to  regard  the  poor, 
unsuccessful  soldiers  with  a generous  sympathy.  I stood  in  the  doorway  and 
caught  my  first  sight  of  the  Federal  uniform  since  the  surrender.  That  after- 
noon the  road  was  filled  with  them,  walking  about  looking  at  the  forts  and  the 
headquarters’  horses;  wagons  also  filled  the  road, drawn  by  the  handsome  United 

States  horses.  Poor  M , after  keeping  his  horse  upon  mulberry  leaves 

during  the  forty-eight  days,  saw  him  no  more.  After  the  surrender  in  the 
evening,  George  rode  into  the  city  on  his  mule.  Thinking  to  “shine,”  as  the 

negroes  say,  he  rode  M ’s  handsome  silver-mounted  dragoon  saddle.  I 

could  not  help  laughing  when  he  returned  with  a sorry  face,  reporting  himself 

safe  but  the  saddle  gone.  M questioned  and  requestioned  him,  aghast  at 

his  loss, — -for  a saddle  was  a valuable  article  in  our  little  community, — and 
George,  who  felt  as  badly  as  anyone,  said,  “I  met  a Yankee,  who  told  me, 
‘Git  down  off  dat  mule;  I’m  gwin’  to  hab  dat  saddle;’  I said,  ‘ No,  I ain’t  gwin’ 
to  do  no  such  thing.’  He  took  out  his  pistol,  and  I jumped  down.” 

The  following  was  published  in  the  Century  Magazine , Sep- 
tember, 1885,  p.  775,  as  from  the  diary  of  a lady  who  lived  not 
far  from  the  courthouse: 

July  4 tli.  — Breakfast  dispatched,  we  went  on  the  upper  gallery.  What  I 
expected  to  see  was  files  of  soldiers  inarching  in,  but  it  was  very  different. 
The  street  was  deserted  save  by  a few  people  carrying  home  bedding  from 
their  caves.  About  eleven  o’clock  a man  in  blue  came  sauntering  along,  look- 
ing about  curiously.  Then  two  followed  him;  then  another.  “H , do  you 

think  these  can  be  Federal  soldiers ? ” “Why,  yes!  here  comes  more  up  the 
street.”  Soon  a group  appeared  on  the  courthouse  hill  and  the  flag  began 
slowly  to  rise  to  the  top  of  the  staff.  As  the  breeze  caught  it  and  it  sprang  out 

like  a live  thing  exultant,  H drew  a long  breath  of  contentment.  “Now 

I feel  once  more  at  home  in  mine  own  country.”  In  an  hour  more  a grand 
rush  of  people,  setting  toward  the  river,  began  — foremost  among  them  the  gen- 
tleman who  took  our  cave.  All  were  flying  as  if  for  life.  “What  can  this  mean, 

H ? Are  the  populace  turning  out  to  greet  the  despised  conquerors?” 

“Oh!”  said  H , springing  up,  “look!  it  is  the  boats  coming  around  the 

bend.”  Truly,  it  was  a fine  spectacle  to  see  that  fleet  of  transports  sweep 


246 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


around  the  curve  and  anchor  in  the  teeth  of  the  batteries  so  lately  vomiting 

fire.  Presently  Mr.  J passed  and  called:  “ Aren’t  you  coming,  Mr.  L -? 

There’s  provisions  on  those  boats  — coffee  and  flour!  ‘ First  come  first  served,’ 
you  know.”  But  now  the  newcomers  began  to  swarm  into  our  yard.  The 
townspeople  continued  to  dash  through  the  streets  with  their  arms  full,  canned 

goods  predominating.  Towards  five  Mr.  J passed  again.  ‘‘Keep  on  the 

lookout,”  he  said;  “the  army  of  occupation  is  coming  along.”  And  in  a few 
minutes  the  head  of  the  column  appeared.  What  a contrast  to  the  suffering 
creatures  we  had  seen  so  long  were  those  stalwart,  well-fed  men,  so  splendidly 
set  up  and  accoutered  — sleek  horses,  polished  arms,  bright  plumes!  It  was  the 
pride  and  panoply  of  war.  Civilization,  discipline  and  order  seemed  to  enter 
with  the  measured  tramp  of  those  marching  columns,  and  the  heart  turned 
with  throbs  of  added  pity  to  the  worn  men  in  gray  who  were  being  blindly 
dashed  against  this  embodiment  of  modern  power. 

Colonel  Sanborn’s  brigade,  the  body  of  troops  herein  de- 
scribed, was  led  by  the  brass  band  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota 
Infantry. 

On  entering  the  city  we  found  the  hills  in  places  honey- 
combed with  caves  in  which  the  people  had  lived  quite  secure 
from  the  terrible  rain  of  shot  and  shell.  The  nature  of  the 
soil  was  such  that  the  caves  needed  no  support  to  prevent  their 
caving.  We  visited  many  of  these  and  they  seemed  quite 
secure  and  comfortable.  Nearly  all  contained  one  or  more 
rooms  that  branched  off  from  the  main  entrance.  We  ex- 
pected to  find  that  the  shot  and  shell  from  our  batteries  and 
mortar  fleet  had  caused  great  destruction  of  property,  but  to 
our  astonishment  we  saw  that,  comparatively  speaking,  little 
damage  had  been  done.  A few  buildings  had  beeii  burned 
and  many  others  injured,  but  there  had  been  no  wholesale  de- 
struction of  property.  A great  many  of  the  shells  from  the 
mortar  fleet  were  twenty-two  inches  in  diameter  and  had 
penetrated  the  ground  before  exploding. 

The  Vicksburg  Daily  Citizen  (John  W.  Swords,  proprietor) 
was  printed  on  wall  paper,  and  the  last  issue  of  Thursday,  July 
2d,  contained  the  following: 

On  Dit. — That  the  great  Ulysses  — the  Yankee  generalissimo,  surnamed 
Grant  — has  expressed  his  intention  of  dining  in  Vicksburg  on  Saturday  next 
and  celebrating  the  Fourth  of  July  by  a grand  dinner,  and  so  forth.  When 
asked  if  he  would  invite  Gen.  Joe  Johnston  to  join,  he  said:  “No!  for  fear 

there  would  be  a row  at  the  table.”  Ulysses  must  get  into  the  city  before  he 
dines  in  it.  The  way  to  cook  a rabbit  is:  “ First  catch  the  rabbit,”  etc. 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


247 


The  type  was  set  for  this  issue,  but  the  paper  had  not  been 
printed  on  the  fourth  when  our  army  entered  the  city.  Some 
of  our  soldiers  took  charge  of  the  office  and  after  adding  the 
following  note  printed  the  paper: 

Note.  — July  4,  1863.  — Two  days  bring  great  changes.  The  banner  of  the 
Union  floats  over  Vicksburg.  General  Grant  has  “caught  the  rabbit;”  he 
has  dined  in  Vicksburg  and  he  did  bring  his  dinner  with  him.  The  Citizen 
lives  to  see  it.  For  the  last  time  it  appears  on  “wall  paper.”  No  more  will 
it  eulogize  the  luxury  of  mule  meat  and  fricasseed  kitten  — urge  Southern  war- 
riors to  such  diet  nevermore.  This  is  the  last  “wall-paper”  Citizen,  and  is, 
excepting  this  note,  from  the  types  as  we  found  them.  [Printer  soldiers  set 
this  note  and  worked  the  form.]  It  will  be  valuable  hereafter  as  a curiosity. 

July  5th  — Sunday.  — Two  hundred  men  of  the  Twelfth 
Louisiana  Infantry  proceeded  into  the  city  last  night  and  this 
morning  began  to  work,  leveling  down  the  breastworks  and 
barricades  built  across  the  streets.  We  worked  all  day  remov- 
ing obstructions. 

On  Jan.  14,  1861,  the  following  appeared  in  the  daily  news- 
papers : 

Jackson,  Miss.,  Jan.  12,  1861. — Artillery  ordered  to  Vicksburg  this  morn- 
ing by  Governor  Pettus,  to  hail  and  bring  to  all  passing  boats. 

This  was  the  beginning  of  rebel  interference  with  the 
navigation  of  the  Mississippi  river.  The  artillery  sent  from 
Jackson  consisted  of  the  Quitman  Battery,  which  had  a 
brilliant  reputation  among  the  people  of  Vicksburg.  On  the 
night  of  Jan.  13, 1861,  this  battery  attempted  to  fire  on  the 
steamer  A.  0.  Taylor,  Captain  Collier,  and  were  only  pre- 
vented from  doing  so  by  their  awkwardness  in  getting  the 
priming  of  their  guns  wet. 

July  6th  — Monday.  — General  Grant’s  headquarters  moved 
into  the  city  to-day.  Sly  says:  “Our  regiment  marched  in- 

side of  the  rebel  works  and  camped  near  the  railroad  among 
the  prisoners.”  L.  Wellman  wTent  out  with  his  company  this 
morning  at  five  o’clock  on  guard. 

On  the  Fourth  of  July,  1864,  the  army  at  Vicksburg  erected, 
ou  the  site  of  the  oak  tree  where  Generals  Grant  and  Pember- 
ton held  their  conference,  a marble  shaft,  on  which  was  cut  an 
eagle  with  scroll,  escutcheon,  battle  flags,  drum,  cannon  and 


248 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


pyramid  of  balls.  Underneath  was  the  following  inscription: 
“ Siege  — Maj.  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  U.  S.  A.,  and  Lieutenant  Gen- 
eral Pemberton,  July  4,  1863.”  This  shaft  was  surmounted 
by  a marble  ball,  was  cut  at  Vicksburg  and  inclosed  by  ma- 
sonry surmounted  by  an  iron  fence.  Maj.  A.  E.  Barns  of  the  Fif- 
tieth United  States  Colored  Troops,  formerly7  captain  Company 
I,  Seventy-second  Illinois  Infantry,  was  marshal  of  ceremonies 
and  delivered  an  address.  Relic  seekers  soon  began  to  chip 
and  deface  the  shaft  and  ruined  it,  after  which  the  government 
erected  on  its  site  an  hundred-pounder  cannon,  standing  on  its 
base  and  properly  inscribed.  The  original  oak  tree  was  soon 
dug  up  and  carried  away. 

We  quote  from  a Vicksburg  letter  of  July  13th: 

The  most  of  Pemberton’s  army  left  here,  paroled,  the  day  before  yesterday 
arid  the  rest  go  to-day  or  to-morrow.  It  was  laughable  to  be  on  the  picket  posts 
on  the  Jackson  and  Baldwin’s  Ferry  roads  when  they  marched  out.  The  names 
of  the  men  who  were  paroled  and  who  were  expected  to  march  out  with  their 
officers  were  read  from  the  rolls,  but  the  men  were  few  in  numbers.  Thous- 
ands of  them  after  getting  their  paroles  got  our  boys  to  ferry  them  across  the 
Mississippi  river  so  they  could  go  to  their  homes.  General  Pemberton,  accord- 
ing to  the  terms  granted,  was  to  march  his  men  out  after  they  had  been  paroled. 
The  free  ferry  business  running  night  and  day  across  the  river  soon  came  to 
Pemberton’s  notice,  and  he  complained  of  it  to  General  Grant  and  instructions 
were  issued  against  it.  General  Pemberton  also  complained  to  Grant  that 
many  of  his  (Grant’s)  men  were  getting  the  negro  servants  of  his  officers  away 
from  them  and  enlisting  them  into  the  army  as  soldiers. 

There  are  but  few  houses  in  this  place  that  have  not  been  struck  by  shell, 
but  the  city  has  not  been  destroyed,  and  in  fact  but  very  few  of  the  houses 
have  been  burned. 

The  Third  Minnesota  Infantry  was  at  Snyder’s  Bluff  about  two  weeks  ago. 
This  is  ten  miles  from  here.  The  Fifth  Minnesota  Infantry  landed  here  this 
morning  from  Young’s  Point.  They  are  but  few  in  numbers.  It  was  very 
sickly  at  that  place.  We  expect  to  get  our  pay  soon,  up  to  July  1st.  Lieuten- 
ant Snyder  of  Company  B,  Fourth  Regiment,  is  at  Memphis  very  sick,  and  we 
hear  that  he  has  resigned  his  commission.  We  have  received  information  that 
Sergeant  Caldwell  of  Company  B died  at  that  place  on  June  17th.  A boat  has 
arrived  from  Port  Hudson  with  the  good  news  that  it  surrendered  on  the  ninth. 
We  have  also  received  information  of  Mead’s  victory  over  Lee  at  Gettysburg, 
and  also  good  news  from  the  army  under  Rosecrans. 

July  15th  — Wednesday. — Our  hospital  steward,  Geo.  M.  D. 
Lambert,  left  on  furlough  to-day  for  St.  Paul,  Minn.  Maj.  A. 
E.  Welch  also  left  on  sick  list  to-day  for  his  home  at  Red 
Wing.  The  major  has  been  quite  unwell  for  over  a month. 


Marble  Monument  at  Vicksburg. 


i monument  was  erected  July  4,  1864,  on  the  ground  occupied  by  the  oak  tree  beneath 

winch  Generals  Pemberton  and  Grant  held  their  conference  regarding  the  surrender  of  Vicks- 
burg, July  3,  1863.  Maj.  A.  E.  Barns  was  master  of  ceremonies  at  the  time  of  its  erection.  The 
oak  tree,  roots  and  all,  was  removed  and  cut  up  into  relics. 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


249 


July  20th — Monday.  — Brigadier  General  Logan  went 

North  on  leave,  and  on  the  twenty-first  Brig.  Gen.  John  E. 
Smith  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  post  and  defenses  of 
Vicksburg  during  Logan’s  temporary  absence.  (24,  3,  538.) 

July  25th  — Saturday.  — Our  regiment  went  on  provost  guard 
duty  to-day. 

We  quote  from  St.  Paul  Pioneer  of  Jul}7  30,  1863: 

Promotions  at  Vicksburg  : Fourth  Regiment — Asst.  Surg.  E.  W.  Cross  to 

be  surgeon,  vice  Murphy,  resigned;  Lieut.  E.  U.  Russell,  Company  A,  to  be  cap- 
tain, vice  Young,  resigned;  Lieut.  Geo.  A.  Clarke  to  be  captain,  vice  Patch,  re- 
signed; Second  Lieut.  David  L.  Wellman  to  be  first  lieutenant,  vice  Clarke, 
promoted;  Sergt.  John  L.  Samson  to  be  second  lieutenant,  vice  Wellman,  pro- 
moted; First  Lieut.  Ira  N.  Morrill,  Company  K,  to  be  captain,  vice  L.  B.  Martin, 
resigned;  First  Sergt.  Charles  C.  Hunt  to  be  first  lieutenant,  vice  Morrill, 
promoted;  Sergt.  Charles  W.  Douglas  to  be  second  lieutenant,  vice  Sherbrooke, 
killed  on  May  22d;  First  Lieut.  Wm.  F.  Wheeler  of  Company  I to  be  captain, 
vice  Asa  W.  White,  resigned;  Second  Lieut.  James  Drysdale  to  be  first  lieu- 
tenant, vice  Wheeler,  promoted;  First  Sergt.  Adrian  K.  Norton  to  be  second 
lieutenant,  vice  Drysdale,  promoted;  Sergt.  Samuel  T.  Isaac  to  be  first  lieu- 
tenant, vice  Turner,  killed  in  battle. 

July  31st  — Friday.  — Our  regiment  is  still  on  provost  guard. 
We  have  a great  deal  of  sickness;  in  some  companies  there  are 
only  seven  or  eight  men  for  duty. 

Return  for  the  Month  of  July,  1863. — Total  number  of  enlisted  men,  602; 
aggregate,  631;  last  month,  658.  Enlisted  men  present  for  duty,  239;  on  extra 
and  daily  duty,  43;  sick,  102;  arrest,  1;  total  present,  385.  Commissioned  offi- 
cers present  for  duty,  13;  sick,  4;  extra  duty,  1;  total  present,  18.  Aggregate 
present,  403. 

Remarks. — James  Davis,  transferred  to  non-commissioned  staff  from  Com- 
pany K and  promoted  to  principal  musician  July  25,  1863.  A.  T.  Pintler, 
transferred  to  first  lieutenant  in  Eleventh  Louisiana  Volunteers.  John  P. 
Hunter,  died  May  25th  on  hospital  steamer  City  of  Memphis.  A.  E.  Welch, 
absent,  sick,  from  July  4,  1863,  for  twenty  days.  O.  Graham,  absent  on  sick 
leave,  dated  July  18,  1863.  R.  S.  Donaldson,  absent  since  June  10,  1863,  in 
Twelfth  Louisiana  Volunteers,  Special  Orders,  No.  97,  Headquarters  Seventh 
Division,  Seventeenth  Army  Corps.  D.  L.  Wellman,  acting  adjutant  regiment 
since  May  24,  1863.  Gibson  S.  Patch,  honorable  discharge  June  30,  1863, 
Special  Orders,  No.  288,  War  Department.  L.  b.  Martin,  resignation  accepted 
July  6,  1863.  J.  H.  Murphy,  resignation  accepted  July  9,  1863. 

Report  of  Lieut.  Col.  John  E.  Tourtellotte,  Fourth  Min- 
nesota Infantry. 

Headquaetees  Foueth  Minnesota  Volunteees. 

Camp  in  Vicksbueg,  Miss.,  Aug.  1,  1863. 

Sib:  I have  the  honor  to  report,  in  obedience  to  Special  Orders,  No.  31,  of 

date  July  27,  1863,  from  your  headquarters,  that  on  May  26th  we  moved  from 


250 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


our  position  in  front  of  the  enemy’s  works  around  Vicksburg  and  proceeded  on 
the  road  to  Mechanicsburg,  which  place  we  reached  May  29th.  Thence  we 
marched  down  the  valley  of  the  Yazoo  river,  passing  near  Satartia  via  Haines’ 
Bluff  to  Snyder’s  Bluff,  where  we  bivouacked  and  remained  three  days.  June 
4th  we  marched  into  a ravine  near  our  first  position  in  front  of  the  enemy’s 
fortifications  around  Vicksburg.  Here  we  remained  until  after  the  surrender 
of  Vicksburg,  when,  on  July  6th,  my  regiment  moved  inside  of  the  rebel  breast- 
works. 

On  July  25th  my  regiment  was  ordered  to  report  to  Gen.  John  E.  Smith 
for  post  duty,  on  which  duty  we  still  remain.  After  our  return  from  the  ex- 
pedition to  Mechanicsburg  the  following  named  persons  were  wounded  while 
on  duty  in  front  of  the  rebel  works,  viz. : Lieut.  I.  N.  Morrill,  Company  K, 

slightly;  Private  Orlando  Lindersmith,  Company  E,  slightly;  Private  B.  V. 
Robinson,  Company  C,  slightly;  and  Private  R.  A.  Wheeler,  Company  D,  slight- 
ly. Summary  — 1 officer  and  3 enlisted  men  wounded;  total,  4. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

[24,  2,  311.]  J.  E.  Toubtellotte, 

Lieutenant  Colonel,  Commanding. 

Capt.  John  E.  Simpson,  Acting  Assistant  Adjutant  General,  First  Brigade,  Seventh 
Division,  Seventeenth  Army  Corps. 

Report  of  Col.  John  B.  Sanborn,  Fourth  Minnesota  In- 
fantry, Commanding  First  Brigade,  Seventh  Division, 
Seventeenth  Army  Corps. 

Headquartebs  First  Brigade,  Seventh  Division, 

Seventeenth  Army  Corps,  Vicksburg,  Aug.  7,  1863. 

Capt.  R.  M.  Rochester,  Assistant  Adjutant  General , Seventh  Division: 

Sir:  I have  the  honor  to  report  the  part  taken  by  my  command  in  the 

siege  of  Vicksburg.  After  moving  on  the  twenty-third  of  May  to  the  position 
we  left  on  the  twenty-second,  I continued  to  skirmish  constantly  with  the 
enemy,  who  all  the  time  remained  inside  his  fortifications,  until  the  evening 
of  the  twenty-sixth,  and  at  the  same  time  kept  large  details  at  work  during 
the  nights,  constructing  rifle-pits,  covered  ways  and  breastworks.  On  the 
evening  of  the  twenty-sixth,  while  I had  one  regiment  on  fatigue  duty,  I received 
your  order  to  move  my  whole  command  immediately,  with  seven  days’  rations,  in 
the  direction  of  Mechanicsburg  and  Yazoo  City,  and  report  to  Major  General  Blair 
for  further  orders.  At  ten  o’clock  in  the  evening  I took  up  the  line  of  march, 
marched  out  eight  miles  and  bivouacked  at  1:00  o’clock  A.  M.,  and  at  sunrise 
again  took  up  our  line  of  march  and  marched  out  fifteen  miles  further  toward 
Mechanicsburg  that  day.  This  march  was  continued  through  Mechanicsburg, 
Satartia  and  down  the  Yazoo  to  Snyder’s  Bluff,  at  which  place  we  arrived  the  first 
day  of  June,  having  learned  the  movements  of  the  enemy,  and  without  any  loss 
to  my  command.  Having  remained  at  this  place  three  days  and  furnished  the 
command  with  shoes,  socks  and  other  articles  greatly  needed,  I moved  on  the 
fourth  of  June  again  into  the  line  of  forces  investing  Vicksburg  and  took 
position  on  the  left  of  the  Seventh  Division,  being  the  left  of  the  Seventeenth 
Army  Corps.  In  this  position  the  command  remained,  having  out  a line  of 
skirmishers,  until  the  twenty-fourth  of  June,  when  the  Third  Brigade,  having 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


251 


moved  to  the  rear  and  joined  the  forces  on  the  line  of  circumvallation,  I 
moved  my  forces  on  to  the  ground  vacated  by  it  on  the  right  of  the  division, 
and  in  this  last  position  remained  until  the  surrender  of  Vicksburg,  on  the 
Fourth  of  July,  when  my  command  moved  into  the  city.  During  the  entire 
siege  the  health  and  morale  of  the  command  was  excellent  and  none  seemed 
to  have  a desponding  thought  or  a doubt  as  to  the  successful  result,  and 
whether  called  upon  to  dig  rifle-pits,  throw  up  intrenchments,  skirmish  with 
the  enemy  or  stand  to  arms  by  day  or  in  dark,  stormy  nights,  all  was  done  with 
the  greatest  alacrity.  Every  man  in  my  command  seemed  determined  to  do 
his  duty.  John  B.  Sanborn, 

[24,  2,  689.]  Commanding  First  Brigade,  Seventh  Division. 

Col.  John  B.  Sanborn  had  been  appointed  brigadier  general  by  the  Presi- 
dent after  the  battle  of  Iuka  in  1862,  but  the  Senate  had  adjourned  in  the 
spring  of  1863  without  having  taken  any  action  upon  this  appointment,  whereby 
it  lapsed.  Immediately  after  the  surrender  of  Vicksburg,  General  Grant  had 
sent  to  Washington  a list  of  officers  recommended  by  him  for  promotion  for 
services  in  that  campaign.  This  list  included  Colonel  Sanborn.  The  pro- 
motions recommended  by  General  Grant  were  all  made  at  once,  except  this 
one,  and  the  commissions  issued  were  received  from  Washington  at  General 
Grant’s  headquarters  on  or  about  the  third  day  of  August,  1863.  On  this 
account  Colonel  Sanborn  at  once  tendered  his  resignation  as  colonel  of  the 
Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry.  This  resignation  was  accepted  by  General  Grant 
and  the  colonel  left  for  St.  Paul.  But  the  order  of  General  Grant  accepting 
the  resignation  was  disapproved  and  revoked  by  the  President,  and  on  Sept. 
12,  1863,  the  President  again  appointed  Colonel  Sanborn  brigadier  general 
of  volunteers,  said  appointment  to  date  and  he  to  take  rank  from  the  date  of 
Aug.  4,  1863,  and  he  remained  in  the  service  through  the  war  and  until 
June,  1866. 

General  Sanborn’s  Farewell  Order  to  His  Brigade. 

Headquarters  First  Brigade,  Seventh  Division, 
Seventeenth  Army  Corps. 

Vicksburg,  Miss.,  Aug.  5,  1863. 

General  Orders,  No.  16: 

Soldiers  op  the  First  Brigade  : Having  determined  to  leave  the 

military  service,  the  colonel  commanding  announces  that  he  sincerely  re- 
grets to  part  with  that  brave  command,  whose  hardships,  privations,  honor 
and  glory  he  has  had  the  good  fortune  to  share  for  more  than  a year  past. 
During  this  brief  period  you  have  been  called  upon  to  fight  for  the 
honor  of  our  flag  and  the  maintenance  of  the  authority  of  the  government 
many  times  and  have  won  immortal  honor  on  many  fields.  At  the  siege 
of  Corinth  your  constant  and  sure  approaches,  by  great  labor  in  the  trenches, 
aided  to  drive  the  enemy  from  a most  important  position  and  scatter  the 
largest  army  yet  brought  together  in  this  Confederacy.  At  Iuka,  alone  and 
unaided,  except  in  the  last  moments  of  the  battle  by  the  gallant  Eleventh  Mis- 
souri, you,  at  fearful  sacrifice,  resisted  the  repeated  furious  charges  of  the  enemy 
and  drove  three  times  your  number  from  a hard-contested  and  bloody  field.  On 


252 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


the  first  flay  of  the  battle  of  Corinth,  seemingly  as  the  forlorn  hope  of  a day  of 
had  fortune,  you  made  a fierce  and  most  perilous  attack  upon  the  flank  and 
rear  of  the  enemy’s  steadily  advancing  columns  and  compelled  him  to  fall  hack) 
when  he  had  almost  gained  the  town,  and  to  wait  the  fortunes  of  another  and 
more  auspicious  day;  and  on  the  second  day  of  the  same  battle,  when  the  ene- 
my’s advance  had  gained  the  town  and  all  seemed  lost,  again,  by  a most  des- 
perate attack  upon  his  flank,  you  cut  off  his  entire  reserve  and  compelled  him 
to  give  up  all  he  had  gained  and  contributed  vastly  in  wrenching  from  his 
hands  a most  brilliant  victory.  When  the  sound  of  the  enemy’s  guns  at  Port 
Gibson  broke  on  your  ears,  although  the  broad  Mississippi  rolled  between  you 
and  the  enemy,  you  crossed  as  if  by  magic  and  moved  as  if  on  wings  toward  the 
scene  of  conflict  to  aid  your  brothers  in  arms  to  win  a victory  in  what  you  knew 
to  be  a most  important  contest,  and  long  before  the  sound  of  battle  ceased  you 
were  in  position  protecting  one  flank  of  our  army.  At  Forty  Hills,  by  a steady 
and  constant  advance  upon  the  enemy’s  batteries  and  lines,  you  drove  him  from 
strong  positions  across  the  Big  Black.  At  Raymond  you  moved  up  on  the 
run,  through  terrible  dust  and  heat  and  under  a most  galling  fire,  to  the  support 
of  a most  gallant  division,  hard  pressed  by  superior  numbers.  Your  pres- 
ence precipitated  the  retreat  of  the  enemy  from  a well-chosen  and  hard-con- 
tested  field.  At  Jackson,  by  a most  perilous  and  gallant  charge  upon  a hidden 
foe,  supporting  well-manned  batteries  of  artillery,  you  drove  a superior  force  of 
the  enemy  from  a most  favorable  position  and  carried  your  standards  in  triumph 
to  the  very  dome  of  the  capitol  of  Mississippi.  At  Champion  Hills  every  one  of 
you  was  engaged  constantly  for  four  hours,  at  no  time  taking  any  step  back- 
ward, aiding  the  three  small  divisions  there  engaged  to  drive  the  enemy  from  a 
well-chosen  position  that  our  army  might  advance  and  wrench  from  the  enemy’s 
grasp  the  key  that  would  unlock  the  navigation  of  our  Mississippi.  At  Vicks- 
burg you  were  among  the  first  to  reach  the  enemy’s  works  at  the  assault  and  the 
last  of  all  to  retire,  although  your  position  was  unfavorable  and  exposed.  And 
after  this  you  immediately  moved  nearly  fifty  miles  to  the  rear  and  aided  to 
develop  the  movements  of  the  enemy  in  that  direction,  and  then  again  took 
your  position  in  front  of  the  enemy’s  works,  and  aided,  by  your  deadly  rifies> 
by  trench  and  mine,  to  reduce  this  stronghold.  In  addition  to  these  services 
on  the  field  of  battle  you  have  made  long  and  perilous  campaigns,  always  suc- 
cessfully and  without  loss  to  the  government.  Yours  is  indeed  a glorious  record ! 
Few  organizations  of  the  army  have  been  so  fortunate.  In  future  strive  to 
emulate  your  own  example  in  the  past  and  nothing  but  glory  can  await  you. 
Brave  and  faithful  soldiers,  I bid  you  farewell! 

By  order  of  Col.  John  B.  Sanborn.  John  E.  Simpson, 

Captain  and  Acting  Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

Headquarters  Fourth  Minnesota  Volunteer  Infantry. 

Camp,  near  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  Aug.  7,  1863. 
Col.  John  B.  Sanborn,  Commanding  First  Brigade , Seventh  Division,  Seventeenth 
Army  Corps. 

Sir:  We,  the  officers  of  this  regiment  now  in  camp,  have  just  learned  that 

your  tender  of  resignation  as  colonel  of  the  regiment  and  commanding  officer  of 
this  brigade  has  been  accepted.  Allow  us,  then,  very  respectfully  to  state  that 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


253 


we  very  much  regret  the  cause  which  forced  you  to  resign  to  preserve  your  self- 
respect  as  in  your  opinion  it  seemed.  We  also  much  regret  that  in  future 
while  in  the  service  we  shall  be  deprived  of  your  conduct  and  counsel  as  an 
officer  and  your  society  as  a gentleman.  Allow  us  very  respectfully  to  thank 
you  for  your  uniform  justice  and  courtesy  as  commanding  officer  of  this  regi- 
ment and  of  this  brigade,  and  also  for  the  active  part  you  have  taken  in  acquir- 
ing for  this  brigade  the  reputation  we  believe  it  has.  With  most  earnest  de- 
sires for  your  future  happiness  and  prosperity  and  with  many  hopes  that  an 
approving  conscience  may  bear  an  abundant  recompense  for  your  arduous  labors 
in  the  service  of  your  country,  we  remain, 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servants, 

J.  E.  Toubtellotte,  Lieutenant  Colonel. 

J.  C.  Edson,  Captain  Company  B. 

L.  R.  Wellman,  Second  Lieutenant  Company  C. 

E.  U.  Russell,  First  Lieutenant  Company  A. 

Jno.  D.  Hunt,  Second  Lieutenant  Company  I. 

Geo.  A.  Clakke,  First  Lieutenant  Company  F[. 

Henry  Platt,  Captain  Company  I. 

James  Dbysdale,  Second  Lieutenant  Company  F. 

Chessman  Gould,  Second  Lieutenant  Company  D. 

Daniel  G.  Towle,  Second  Lieutenant  Company  E. 

I.  N.  Morrill,  First  Lieutenant  Company  K. 

Chas.  C.  Hunt,  Second  Lieutenant  Company  E. 

D.  L.  Wellman,  Second  Lieutenant  Company  H. 

Samuel  W.  Russell,  Second  Lieutenant  Company  G. 

Dennison  M.  G.  Murphy,  First  Lieutenant  and  Quartermaster. 

Wm.  F.  Wheeler,  First  Lieutenant  Company  F. 

Aug.  7th  — Friday. — The  Thirteenth  Corps  (Ord’s,  formerly 
McClernancTs)  in  command  of  Gen.  A.  J.  Smith,  left  to  join 
General  Banks  down  the  river,  to  go  on  the  Red  River  ex- 
pedition. 

Aug.  19tli — Wednesday.  — The  steamboat  City  of  Madison 
blew  up  at  the  wharf  boat  at  the  levee  as  she  was  being  loaded 
with  captured  ammunition  and  arsenal  stores.  About  thirty 
were  killed  and  wounded.  She  was  one  of  our  commissary 
of  subsistence  boats  at  Chickasaw  Bayou.  We  have  very  poor 
water.  Have  to  haul  it  on  wagons  from  the  river. 

Aug.  20tli  — Thursday. — James  McCartney  and  several 
other  members  of  Company  B started  for  Minnesota  to-day  on 
sick  furlough. 

The  company  and  mess  cooks  often  dry  the  coffee  grounds 
and  sell  them  to  the  natives,  who  seem  to  like  coffee.  At 
times  our  cooks  have  as  much  as  a barrel  full  of  dried  mate- 
rial on  hand,  as  stock  in  trade. 


254 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


After  the  surrender  of  Vicksburg  the  lines  of  works  con- 
structed by  General  Grant’s  army  were  all  leveled  down,  so 
that  the  enemy  could  not  use  them.  The  rebel  line  of  works 
was  retained  and  occupied  by  our  pickets  and,  subsequently, 
on  many  occasions,  both  night  and  day,  as  officer  of  the 
guard,  the  writer  walked  that  line  visiting  the  guards  to 
see  that  they  were  alert  and  attending  to  their  duties.  Our 
army  constructed  an  inner  line  of  forts  and  breastworks  on 
high  ground  within  the  city  limits,  which  were  all  connected 
and  made  high  and  strong,  so  that  a small  body  of  troops  could 
garrison  and  defend  the  city. 

[Extract.] 

War  Department,  Adjutant  General’s  Office, 
Washington,  Sept.  12,  1863. 

Twenty-second — So  much  of  Special  Orders,  No.  212  (current  series),  Depart- 
ment of  Tennessee,  as  discharged  Col.  John  B.  Sanborn,  Fourth  Minnesota 
Volunteers,  by  resignation,  is  hereby  revoked  and  his  name  -will  be  restored  to 
the  rolls  of  the  regiment. 

Twenty-third — Col.  John  B.  Sanborn,  Fourth  Minnesota  Volunteers,  having 
tendered  his  resignation,  is  hereby  honorably  discharged  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  to  date  Sept.  11,  1863,  he  having  accepted  an  appointment  as 
brigadier  general  of  volunteers  Sept.  12,  1863. 

By  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War.  E.  D.  Townsend, 

Adjutant  General. 

Return  for  the  Month  of  August,  1863. — Total  enlisted  men  present  and 
absent,  564;  aggregate,  590;  aggregate  last  month,  631.  Enlisted  men  present 
for  duty,  213;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  50;  sick,  46;  total  present,  309. 
Commissioned  officers  present  for  duty,  12;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  1;  sick, 
3;  total,  16. 

Remarks. — During  the  entire  month  the  regiment  has  been  on  duty  in 
Vicksburg.  D.  L.  Wellman,  absent  -with  leave  since  Aug.  19,  1863.  C.  L. 
Snyder,  resignation  accepted  Aug.  3,  1863.  Thor  Olson,  Company  A,  died 
of  wounds,  Sept.  29,  1862,  at  Jackson,  Tenn. ; Chas.  P.  Hubbard,  discharged 
for  disability,  Aug.  1-0,  1863,  at  Vicksburg.  John  D.  Casterline,  Company  A, 
discharged,  February,  1863,  at  Mound  City.  Lieut.  Col.  J.  E.  Tourtellotte, 
absent  by  Special  Orders,  No.  214.  James  C.  Edson, 

Dated  Sept.  2,  1863.  Captain,  Commanding. 

We  copy  the  following  report  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  B.  F.  Crary, 
agent  for  Minnesota  to  visit  the  sick  in  hospitals,  from  St. 
Paul  Pioneer  of  Sept.  10,  1863: 

Sick  at  Keokuk,  Iowa : Wm.  B.  Bandy,  Company  C,  Brown  county;  in 

Sixth  Street  Hospital;  eyes  have  been  very  sore,  but  is  improving.  Mathias 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


255 


Bartz,  Company  H,  Mankato,  Medical  College;  chronic  diarrhea;  is  improving; 
walks  about.  Joseph  Blair,  Company  C,  Third  Street  Hospital;  debility;  con- 
valescent. Judson  Burrows,  Company  B,  Carver  county,  Third  Street  Hospi- 
tal; chronic  diarrhea;  is  very  weak,  but  is  improving.  Almon  Cottrell,  Com- 
pany F,  Estes  House;  piles;  is  cheerful  and  hopes  to  get  well.  M.  Hemerick, 
Company  B,  Medical  College;  ague.  Wm.  Hutchinson,  Company  G,  Third 
Street  Hospital;  debility.  Gustav  Johnson,  Company  H,  Medical  College; 
ague  and  diarrhea;  very  feeble,  but  thinks  he  is  gaining  a little.  Michael 
Liesar,  Company  C,  Estes  House;  diarrhea;  convalescent.  A.  B.  Morse,  Com- 
pany H,  wounded  at  Iuka;  ball  entered  spine,  passed  through  right  lung  and 
lodged  beneath  the  skin  under  the  arm;  he  is  acting  as  nurse.  C.  C.  McIntyre, 
Company  I,  Le  Sueur  county,  Estes  House;  debility;  sick  since  February  10th; 
convalescent.  Sergt.  Julius  F.  Putnam,  Company  I,  Minneapolis,  Estes  House; 
debility;  wants  to  go  into  Invalid  Corps.  Joseph  H.  Reed,  Company  H,  St. 
Paul,  Estes  House;  spinal  affection  and  debility;  suffers  much.  Corp.  Jacob 
Tenvoord,  Company  G,  St.  Cloud,  Medical  College;  feet  bruised;  acting  as 
nurse.  James  H.  Thomas,  Company  H,  Estes  House;  increased  action  of  heart; 
would  like  to  go  into  Invalid  Corps.  B.  F.  Wilson,  Company  A,  Estes  House; 
increased  action  of  heart;  would  like  to  go  into  Invalid  Corps. 

September  8th — Tuesday.  — Received  orders  to  get  ready  to 
march;  are  going  into  Arkansas  to  re-enforce  General  Steele. 

September  12tli  — Saturday.  — Marched  through  the  city  to 
the  levee.  Embarked  on  the  steamboat  Illinois.  At  ten  o’clock 
started  up  the  river,  without  tents  or  camp  equipage.  Hot 
and  clear. 

September  13th  — Sunday.  — Arrived  at  the  village  of  Lake 
Providence.  Stopped  one  hour  and  then  started  on  up  the 
river. 

September  llpth — Monday.  — Arrived  at  Napoleon  at  half-past 
nine  o’clock.  Started  up  the  Arkansas  river  and  went  through 
the  White  river  cut-off  to  the  Mississippi  river. 

September  15tli — Tuesday.  — Arrived  at  Helena,  325  miles 
above  Vicksburg,  in  the  morning.  At  twelve  o’clock  we  left 
the  boat  and  marched  up  the  river,  through  the  town,  and 
encamped  half  a mile  from  the  city.  Rain  at  night.  Our 
whole  division  is  here,  with  Gen.  J.  E.  Smith  in  command. 

Gen.  J.  E.  Smith,  in  a recent  letter  to  the  writer,  states: 

We  were  ordered  to  proceed  to  Helena,  from  thence  to  report  to  General 
Steele,  who  was  marching  on  Little  Rock.  But  having  captured  that  place  be 
did  not  require  our  assistance,  which,  being  reported  to  headquarters  we  were 
ordered  to  proceed  to  Memphis. 


256 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


September  17th  — Thursday.  — Marched  through  town  and 
down  the  river  one  mile  and  bivouacked  on  the  bank  of  the 
river.  Clear  and  hot.  [Population  of  Helena,  1880,  4,000.] 
List  of  sick  and  wounded  soldiers  of  the  Fourth  Regiment 
in  hospitals  at  Memphis,  Term.,  Sept.  18,  1863: 

James  A.  Williams,  Company  B;  on  duty  at  hospital.  Augustus  H.  Kelly, 
Company  D;  convalescent;  on  duty;  detailed.  Charles  Ziebarth,  Company  B; 
intermittent  fever;  three  months  sick.  William  H.  Seeley,  Company  H;  salt- 
rheum;  on  duty;  detailed.  Merritt  W.  Cunningham,  Company  H;  hernia;  on 
duty;  detailed.  Samuel  Mathews,  Company  K;  chronic  diarrhea;  well;  on  duty; 
detailed.  Hollis  E.  Sargent,  Company  F;  chronic  diarrhea;  quite  sick. 
George  W.  Rogers,  Company  A;  flux;  will  get  well.  A.  C.  Lawrence,  Company 
H;  debility;  convalescent.  August  Nil),  Company  H;  diarrhea  and  fever;  sick 
ten  months;  improving  slow.  Albinus  Griswold,  Company  A,  intermittent 
fever;  sick  six  months  and  still  quite  feeble.  Charles  G.  Topping,  Company 
B;  sick  a long  time;  now  able  to  do  light  duty.  Wm.  A.  Prisbery,  Company 
E;  convalescent;  on  duty;  detailed.  Theo.  B.  Casterline,  Company  E;  convales- 
cent; on  duty;  detailed.  Colin  Buchanan,  Company  H;  wounded  in  thigh  and 
breast.  James  McCrory,  Company  C;  chronic  rheumatism.  Richard  Lambert, 
Company  D;  rheumatism  of  kidneys.  A.  B.  Myers,  Company  G;  hernia  and 
injury  to  right  eye.  .Tames  H.  Badger,  Company  H;  chronic  bronchitis.  Vin- 
cent B.  Lincoln,  Company  K;  debility.  Jacob  Koons,  Company  B;  chronic 
diarrhea.  Charles  B.  Fenn,  Company  B;  disease  of  spine. 

The  following  named  persons  are  reported  by  the  special 
agent  as  sick  at  Memphis  in  November: 

Isaac  Vanderwalker,  Company  K,  in  Adams  Hospital;  E.  Tuckey,  Company 
A,  in  the  Overton  Hospital;  Townsend  G.  Nichols,  Company  B,  C.  P.  Booth, 
Company  B,  Charles  Rogers,  Company  A,  all  three  in  the  Overton  Hospital; 
Lieutenants  S.  F.  Brown  and  St.  Cyr  are  both  in  the  Officers’  Hospital;  C.  G.  Pea- 
body, Company  D,  A.  S.  Bragg,  Company  I,  Wm.  Dynes,  Company  I,  are  in 
the  Union  Hospital;  K.  Helling,  Company  H,  is  in  the  Webster  Hospital;  S.  V. 
Brook,  Company  E (probably  S.  E.  Birch),  is  in  the  Jackson  Hospital;  C.  L. 
Dresser,  Company  H,  and  H.  L.  Gish,  Company  I,  are  at  the  Gayoso  Hospital. 

Sending  Troops  to  Rosecrans  at  Chattanooga. 

Washington  City,  Sept.  15,  1863,  5:00  p.  m. 
Major  General  S.  A.  Hurlbut,  Memphis: 

All  the  troops  that  can  possibly  be  spared  in  west  Tennessee  and  on  the 
Mississippi  river  should  be  seDt  without  delay  to  assist  General  Rosecrans  on 
the  Tennessee  river.  Urge  Sherman  to  act  with  all  possible  promptness.  If 
you  have  boats  send  them  down  to  bring  up  his  troops.  Information  just  re- 
ceived indicates  that  a part  of  Lee’s  army  has  been  sent  to  re-enforce  Bragg. 

H.  W.  Halleck, 
General-in-Chief. 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


257 


General  Grant,  on  August  30th,  went  to  New  Orleans  to 
consult  with  General  Banks,  and  while  there  was  thrown  from 
his  horse  and  injured.  On  the  thirteenth  of  September,  while 
he  was  still  in  New  Orleans,  Halleck  telegraphed  him  to  send 
all  available  forces  to  Memphis  and  thence  to  Tuscumbia  to  co- 
operate with  Rosecrans  for  the  relief  of  Chattanooga.  General 
Grant  returned  to  Vicksburg  on  September  16th  and  was 
compelled  to  keep  his  bed  until  the  twenty-fifth.  On  the  fif- 
teenth Halleck  again  telegraphed  him  for  all  available  forces 
to  go  to  Rosecrans.  This  was  received  on  the  twenty-second. 
He  was  still  confined  to  his  bed  and  unable  to  rise  from  it  with- 
out assistance,  but  at  once  ordered  Sherman  to  send  one  divi- 
sion to  Memphis  as  fast  as  transports  could  be  provided.  The 
division  of  McPherson’s  corps  (ours),  which  had  departed  from 
Vicksburg  and  was  on  its  way  to  join  Steele  in  Arkansas,  was 
recalled  and  sent  likewise  to  report  to  Hurlbut  at  Memphis. 
Hurlbut  was  directed  to  forward  these  two  divisions  with  two 
others  from  his  own  corps  at  once,  and  also  to  send  any  other 
troops  that  might  be  returning  there.  Halleck  suggested  that 
some  good  man  like  Sherman  or  McPherson  should  be  sent  to 
Memphis  to  take  charge  of  the  troops  going  east.  On  this  he  sent 
Sherman, as  being,  he  thought,  the  most  suitable  person  for  an  in- 
dependent command,  and  besides  he  was  entitled  to  it,  if  it  had 
to  be  given  to  anyone.  He  was  directed  to  take  with  him 
another  division  of  his  corps.  This  left  one  back,  but  having 
one  of  McPherson’s  divisions,  he  had  still  the  equivalent.  Be- 
fore the  receipt  by  him  of  these  orders  the  battle  of  Chieka- 
ruauga  had  been  fought  and  Rosecrans  forced  back  into 
Chattanooga.  (See  Grant’s  “Memoirs.”)  The  administration, 
as  well  as  the  general-in-chief,  was  nearly  frantic  at  the  situation 
of  affairs  there.  The  battle  of  Chickamauga  was  fought  Sept. 
19  and  20, 1863. 

September  36th  — Saturday. — On  this  date  Gen.  J.  E.  Smith 
sent  the  following  report  from  Helena  to  General  McPherson 
at  Vicksburg: 

I arrived  here  with  a portion  of  my  command  on  the  evening  of  the 
fourteenth  instant.  Finding  no  instructions  and  believing  the  whole  command 
would  arrive  during  the  night  of  the  fourteenth  instant,  I intended  to  march 

17 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


on  the  morning  of  the  fifteenth  instant.  A portion  of  the  command,  however, 
did  not  arrive  until  12:00  m.  of  the  fifteenth.  I at  once  relieved  my  trans- 
portation and  sent  Lieutenant  White  of  my  staff  to  report  to  General  Steele,  and 
issued  orders  to  march  at  4:00  A.  M.  of  the  sixteenth  instant.  Captain  Cook  of 
General  Hurlbut’s  staff  arrived  on  the  night  of  the  fifteenth  instant  and  ordered 
me  into  camp  at  this  place.  After  making  my  men  as  comfortable  as  possible, 
by  taking  the  camp  equipage  belonging  to  General  Steele’s  command,  I pro- 
ceeded to  Memphis,  with  the  view  of  conferring  with  General  Hurlbut,  whom 
I found  absent.  I awaited  his  return  last  Thursday  instant,  when  I received 
an  order  to  return  to  Vicksburg.  Upon  my  return  last  evening  I found  General 
Grant’s  order.  There  were  then  but  two  transports  here,  by  which  I could 
transport  three  regiments  and  two  batteries.  I have  already  embarked  on 
board  the  steamer  Julia  and  will  report  to  Major  General  Hurlbut  for  further 
instructions.  (22,  2,  575.) 

Our  old  brigade  commander,  Gen.  IN’.  B.  Buford,  is  in  com- 
mand of  the  post  of  Helena  at  the  present  time. 

At  six  o’clock  in  the  morning  we  marched  to  town  and  em- 
barked on  the  steamboat  Monsoon  and  started  up  the  river  at 
eight  o’clock;  are  ordered  to  proceed  to  Memphis  and  await  the 
arrival  of  General  Sherman.  Hot  and  clear.  Little  Rock  was 
captured  by  General  Steele’s  forces  September  10th. 

September  27th  — Sunday. — Anchored  in  the  morning  during 
the  fog.  Started  up  the  river  at  sunrise.  At  one  o’clock  ar- 
rived at  Memphis.  At  three  o’clock  we  debarked  and  marched 
through  the  city  to  the  north  and  camped  one  and  a half  miles 
from  the  city  and  near  Wolf  river.  Hot.  On  the  thirtieth  it 
rained  and  we  had  no  tents.  Memphis,  from  Helena,  ninety 
miles. 

September  30th — Wednesday . — Monthly  report  made.  Aggre- 
gate, 583. 

October  2d — Friday. — The  First  Division,  Fifteenth  Army 
Corps,  Gen.  P.  J.  Osterhaus,  has  gone  to  Corinth.  Our  camp 
equipage  came.  We  are  ordered  to  go  with  Sherman  to  Chat- 
tanooga across  the  country.  One  of  his  divisions  has  been  left 
behind  at  Vicksburg  (the  Third,  commanded  by  General  Tuttle), 
and  we  will  go  into  the  Fifteenth  Corps  in  its  place.  The  regi- 
ment is  very  much  dissatisfied  at  this  change,  but  we  are  in- 
formed that  we  will  be  restored  to  our  old  corps  as  soon  as  we 
get  together  again  and  it  can  be  done.  The  Second  Division, 
Fifteenth  Army  Corps,  Gen.  Giles  A.  Smith  commanding, 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  YOLUNTEERS. 


259 


reached  Memphis  to-day  from  Vicksburg  and  General  Sher- 
man came  with  it.  [We  were  never  changed  back. — Ed.] 
October  3d — Saturday. — John  H.  Stevens  and  J.  V.  Daniels, 
the  commissioners  appointed  by  the  Governor  of  Minnesota, 
took  the  vote  of  the  Fourth  Regiment  to-day.  About  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  ballots  were  polled. 


CHAPTER  XI. 


Leave  Memphis  and  Go  to  Corinth;  Then  to  Iuka — Repairing  Bear  Creek 
Bridge — We  Go  into  the  Fifteenth  Army  Corps — Leave  for  Chattanooga 
— Cross  the  Tennessee  River  — Our  Convalescents  and  Disabled  Ones  Leave 
Us  — Daily  Journal  of  the  March,  Distance,  Weather  and  Other  Particulars 
— Short  of  Rations  — Details  Go  to  Decherd  — Forage  Trains  Go  Out — Pass 
Plenty  of  Mules  that  had  Starved  to  Death  (of  Rosecrans’  Army)  — Go  Up 
the  Cumberland  Mountains  to  the  Summit;  Down  Sweden’s  Cove — Cross 
Tennessee  River  at  Bridgeport  — To  Brown’s  Ferry  and  Cross  — Camp 
Near  to  Crane’s  Hill  Across  from  Chattanooga — Pontoons  in  North  Chicka- 
mauga  — We  Cross  the  Tennessee  River  — Advance  as  Skirmishers  — Cap- 
ture Enemy’s  Scouts  and  Fire  the  First  Shots  from  Sherman’s  Army  — 
Battle  of  Missionary  Ridge  — Pursue  the  Enemy  — Quarter  Rations  — 
Living  on  Hope  — To  Bridgeport  and  Huntsville — Big  Foraging  Expe- 
dition— Annual  Return  for  1863  — To  Whitesburg  and  Return  — Enlist  as 
Veterans — Trip  to  Minnesota — Capture  La  Crosse — Arrive  at  St.  Paul  and 
Go  Home. 


October  5th — Monday. — We  started  early  and  marched 
through  the  city  to  the  Memphis  & Charleston  Railroad  depot. 
Got  on  the  cars.  Started  at  seven  o’clock.  Went  to  Corinth. 
Got  off  and  camped  in  town.  Hot  and  clear.  One  hundred 
and  two  miles  from  Memphis.  A year  ago  to  day  we  marched 
out  of  here  after  the  rebels. 

October  6th — Tuesday. — Marched  out  on  the  Farmington 
road.  Passed  the  old  rebel  works.  Marched  to  Glendale  on 
the  railroad,  ten  miles  from  Corinth.  Clear.  Good  roads. 
Rain  at  night.  This  is  a city  of  three  houses  and  one  saw  mill. 

October  16th  — Friday. — Received  two  months’  pay.  The 
Fifteenth  Army  Corps,  under  General  Sherman,  has  all  arrived 
and  we  are  now  temporarily  attached  to  it.  We  fill  the  place 
of  Tuttle’s  Third  Division. 

October  17th — Saturday. — Started  at  eight  o’clock  and 
marched  eight  miles  to  Burnsville  on  the  Memphis  & Charles- 
ton railroad.  [Population,  1880,  240.]  Crossed  the  railroad 
and  encamped.  Clear  and  warm.  Good  roads. 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


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October  19th  — Monday. — Marched  eight  miles  to  Iuka. 
[Population,  1880,  845.] 

October  2 1st — Wednesday — Marched  six  miles  to  Big  Bear 
creek.  Rain  and  mud.  Camped  in  the  woods.  [General 
Grant  reached  Chattanooga  October  22d,  took  command, 
and  General  Rosecrans  went  to  Missouri.  — Ed.]  The  Bear 
creek  railroad  bridge  was  on  stone  piers  with  stone  abut- 
ments and  the  trestle  work  was  also  on  stone  piers.  Length 
of  bridge,  two  hundred  and  forty  feet;  total  length  of  trestle, 
in  three  pieces,  five  hundred  feet.  Bear  creek  is  very  bad 
in  itself  and  the  swampy  bottom  is  impassable  to  wheeled 
vehicles. 

October  23d — Friday.  — The  division  moved  on  along  the 
railroad,  leaving  our  regiment  and  the  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  on 
duty  here  for  the  present  to  guard  the  bridge  and  repair  the 
railroad.  Cold  and  rainy.  While  here  at  Bear  creek  the 
mother  of  E.  A.  Parker  of  Company  K came  from  Minnesota 
and  visited  him. 

October  25th  — Sunday.  — Policed  a camp.  Heard  some  firing 
ahead. 

October  26th — Monday.  — The  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  marched. 
Railroad  finished.  Heard  some  gunboats  cannonading  on  the 
Tennessee  river.  Semi-weekiy  returns  sent  in  — fifteen  officers 
and  268  men  present. 

October  28th — Wednesday.  — Company  F marched  to  a bridge 
two  miles  east.  We  received  orders  to  march  in  the  morning. 

October  29th — Thursday.  — Started  at  daylight  and  marched 
east  to  Dickson’s  Station,  Ala.,  four  miles,  and  joined  the  bri- 
gade. We  marched  northeast.  Heard  some  skirmishing  east 
of  Dickson’s.  [Population,  1880,  100.]  We  marched  twelve 
miles  beyond  the  station  to  Chickasaw,  on  the  Tennessee  river. 
Good  roads  and  good  water. 

October  30tli  — Friday.  — It  rained  the  most  of  the  forenoon. 
Boats  are  crossing  troops  from  Eastport,  Miss.  All  of  our  sick 
men  and  all  those  not  able  to  march  and  carry  their  luggage 
are  being  sent  on  a steamboat  from  here  to  Paducah,  Ky.  Sent 
in  semi-weekly  returns  for  the  twenty-ninth  — thirteen  officers 
and  two  hundred  and  seventy  men.  Our  division  commenced 
crossing  the  river.  Cold  rain  all  day. 


262 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


October  81st — Saturday. — Three  gunboats  and  three  steam- 
boats arrived  at  Eastport.  At  eleven  o’clock  we  got  on  the 
steamboat  Masonic  Gem  and  crossed  the  river.  Marched  two 
miles  and  through  Waterloo,  Ala.  [Population,  1880,  275.] 
Encamped  on  a creek.  Cold.  Tri-monthly  return  — aggre- 
gate present  and  absent,  579.  Sly  says : “ I went  foraging  and 

came  near  being  captured  by  a gang  of  guerrillas  who  hung 
some  of  our  men  whom  they  had  taken  prisoners.”  Plenty  of 
pork  and  potatoes.  Our  regiment  mustered  for  pay. 

November  1st — Sunday. — At  3:00  p.  m.  we  marched  east  to 
Gravelly  Springs,  Ala.  [Population,  1880,  100.]  We  en- 
camped after  dark  on  a creek  at  8:00  p.  m.,  after  hav- 
ing marched  ten  miles.  Good  rock  roads.  Major  Welch 
arrived  from  the  North.  He  left  us  on  July  15th  at  Vicks- 
burg, sick. 

November  2d — Monday. — Marched  east  through  Gravelly 
Springs  to  Florence,  Ala.  [Population,  1880,  2,000.]  Crossed 
Cypress  creek  at  3:00  p.  m.,  three  miles  east  of  Florence,  where 
the  thread  mills  were  burned  by  Union  men  in  Maj^.  We 
encamped  near  Florence  at  4:00  p.  m.  Got  orders  not  to 
go  to  the  river.  Unable  to  procure  water.  Were  rearguard. 
Marched  eighteen  miles.  Monthly  report  sent  in  — aggregate 
present  and  absent,  579.  Semi-monthly  made.  The  rebels 
are  firing  on  our  men  from  the  other  side  of  the  Tennessee 
river. 

November  3d, — Tuesday  — We  started  at  5:00  a.  m.  Marched 
through  Florence  and  southeast.  At  11:00  a.  m.  crossed  Shoal 
creek.  Passed  through  Tenebaugh,  and  at  5:00  p.  m.  camped 
on  a creek  near  Rogersville,  having  marched  twenty  miles. 
Clear  and  warm.  Good  roads. 

November  Ifih  — Wednesday.  — Started  at  5:00  a.  m.  Marched 
tour  miles.  Stopped  at  Rogersville  [population,  1880,  200], 
Lauderdale  county,  Alabama,  till  12:00  M.  Came  up  to  the 
Second  Brigade  and  the  rear  of  Ewing’s  division.  They  reported 
that  a bridge  some  miles  ahead  had  been  destroyed  and  that  the 
stream  could  not  be  crossed.  Halted  and  bivouacked  until  the 
head  of  the  column  should  move  on.  At  12:00  m.  we  started 
again,  preceded  by  the  Second  Brigade,  and  took  the  road  lead- 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


263 


ing  to  Fayetteville,  Term.,  there  diverging  from  our  original 
course  and  going  northeast.  The  Third  Brigade  came  up  just 
before  we  left.  Camped,  about  5:00  p.  m.,  four  miles  from 
Sugar  creek,  on  another  creek.  Roads  good.  Clear. 

November  5tli — Thursday.  — Semi-weekly  return  sent  in  — ag- 
gregate present,  270.  Started  at  5:00  a.  m.  Crossed  a creek 
at  8:30  a.  m.  At  9:00  a.  m.  came  up  with  the  Second  Brigade 
again  and  halted  while  it  moved  out.  We  stopped  in  a held. 
It  rained.  At  11:00  A.  M.  started  out  and  marched  toward 
Elkton.  Crossed  Sugar  creek  after  much  trouble.  Rained  all 
the  afternoon  and  the  road  was  very  rough  and  bad.  Bivou- 
acked, at  4:00  P.  M.,  in  a field  at  Gilbertsborough  [population, 
1880,  25],  Limestone  county,  Alabama.  Distance  for  the  day, 
twelve  miles. 

November  6tli — Friday. — Started  at  6:00  a.  m.,  our  regiment 
leading.  Marched  through  Gilbertsborough  and  crossed  a 
creek.  Passed  through  Bethel  [population,  1880,  153],  Giles 
county,  Tennessee,  and  kept  on  northeast.  Very  rough  and 
hilly  roads.  Muddy  and  rocky.  Passed  some  stone  walls 
used  as  fences.  At  9:30  a.  m.  struck  the  Nashville  & Decatur 
railroad  and  followed  it  about  two  miles,  then  diverged  toward 
the  east  and  at  sundown  forded  Richland  creek  — water  three 
feet  deep  — and  bivouacked  on  the  further  bank.  The  Second 
Brigade  camped  just  in  front  of  us.  Hilly.  Good  roads. 
Fine  camping  grounds.  Distance  marched,  twelve  miles. 

November  7th  — Saturday . ■ — The  brigade  left  at  7:00  a.  m., 
preceded  by  the  Second  Brigade.  Our  regiment  being  in  rear 
of  the  train  remained  in  camp  while  the  column  was  crossing 
Buchanan  creek,  just  ahead.  We  startedat  11:00  a.  m.  in  rear 
of  the  train.  Crossed  the  creek.  Marched  one  mile  to  the 
turnpike.  Struck  it  about  11:30  a.  m.,  and  turning  to  the  right 
marched  down  the  pike  six  miles  to  a point  one  and  a half 
miles  from  Elkton.  Then  turned  off  to  the  left  and  marched 
on  the  Fayetteville  road.  Halted  about  dark  and  bivouacked 
on  the  further  side  of  Elk  creek.  Distance  marched,  fourteen 
miles. 

November  8th — Sunday. — Started  at  6:00  a.  m.  Roads  very 
rough,  hilly  and  rocky.  Passed  some  cedar  timber  or  brush 


264 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


and  crossed  several  creeks.  Halted  at  4:00  p.  m.  and  en- 
camped one  and  one-half  miles  from  Fayetteville.  Cool.  . Dis- 
tance marched,  fourteen  miles.  Rearguard. 

November  9th  — Monday. — Rested  in  camp.  Semi-weekly 
return  sent  in : For  duty,  209  enlisted  men;  extra  and  daily 

duty,  47;  sick,  12;  absent,  282;  total  enlisted  men,  550.  Com- 
missioned officers,  26;  aggregate,  576. 

November  10th — Tuesday. — Started  at  9:00  A.  m.  Passed 
through  Fayetteville  [population,  1880,  2,104],  Lincoln 

county,  Tennessee.  Crossed  Elk  river  on  a very  tine  arched 
stone  bridge.  Rough,  rocky  roads  for  about  two  hours  and 
then  dry  and  smooth.  About  noon  came  up  with  the  Second 
Brigade  and  halted  half  an  hour.  After  marching  about  nine 
miles  crossed  the  railroad  about  4:00  P.  M.  It  is  probably  the 
one  from  Fayette  to  Decherd.  After  crossing  halted  for  half 
an  hour  on  account  of  slough  ahead.  Reached  the  camp  on 
a creek  after  dark.  Distance  for  the  da}’,  fifteen  miles.  Froze 
ice  one  and  one-half  inches  thick. 

November  11th  — Wednesday. — Started  at  7:00  a.  m.  Halted 
frequently  to  bridge  sloughs.  Road  in  other  respects  first-rate. 
Country  fiat,  with  undergrowth  of  oak,  etc.  We  marched  eight 
miles  without  passing  a house.  Marched  through  Salem.  Saw 
a train  of  cars.  Crossed  the  railroad  three  times.  Reached 
Winchester  just  at  sundown  and  encamped  on  a creek  one 
mile  from  town.  [Population  of  Winchester,  Franklin  county, 
Tennessee,  in  1880,  1,039.]  Distance  for  the  day,  twenty-two 
miles.  Short  of  rations. 

November  12th — Thursday. — Details  started  for  Decherd  at 
reveille.  Forage  train  went  out.  Drew  rations  at  night. 
Sergeant  Major  Rich  arrived  from  Minnesota,  where  he  went 
on  sick  leave.  Clear  and  cool. 

November  13th  — Friday. — Started  at  6:00  a.  m.,  the  First 
Brigade  in  the  advance  and  our  regiment  leading.  Passed 
through  Winchester.  Crossed  a creek  and  crossed  the  Nash- 
ville & Chattanooga  railroad  near  (three-fourths  of  a mile 
south)  Decherd.  [Population,  1880,  350.]  Passed  plenty  of 
dead  mules  and  horses  — starved  animals  of  Rosecrans’  army. 
Marched  south  five  miles  and  about  10:00  a.  m.  reached  the 


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265 


foot  of  the  Cumberland  mountains.  Halted  awhile  and  made 
details  for  the  train.  Started  up  the  mountain  about  half-past 
ten.  Road  very  steep  and  rough.  Marched  about  two  miles, 
reaching  the  summit  of  the  mountain  about  1:00  p.  m.  Found  a 
very  good  road.  Halted  and  bivouacked  at  4:00  P.  M.,  after 
marching  five  miles  from  the  summit,  near  the  branch  railroad 
to  coal  mines.  Clear  and  cold.  Distance  for  the  day,  seven- 
teen miles. 

November  14-th  — Saturday. — Heavy  fog.  Lightning  struck 
a tree  near  us.  Our  regiment  being  rearguard  did  not  start 
until  nearly  9:00  A.  M.  It  rained  all  the  morning  and  the 
roads  were  quite  bad.  Marched  eight  miles  to  the  crest  of  the 
mountains,  which  we  reached  about  3:00  p.  m.;  then  down  a 
very  steep  and  rocky  hill  to  Swedon’s  cove;  then  three  miles 
down  the  cove  to  Battle  creek,  which  we  crossed,  and  then  we 
camped.  Distance  for  the  day,  fifteen  miles.  Cool.  Rain. 

November  15th  — Sunday. — Left  camp  at  7:00  A.  M.,  following 
the  valley  of  Battle  creek  to  the  Tennessee  river,  which  we 
reached  about  10:00  A.  M.,  and  marched  along  a railroad  bed  to 
near  Bridgeport,  where  the  brigade  encamped  in  line  of  battle 
near  the  bridge  and  river.  Distance  marched,  ten  miles. 

November  16th  — Monday. — Drew  clothing.  Cool.  Rested  in 
camp.  Semi-weekly  return  sent  in  — commissioned  officers, 
15;  enlisted  men,  252;  sick,  13;  present  aggregate,  267.  Copy 
of  monthly  return  sent  to  adjutant  general’s  office  and  one 
made  for  office.  “List  of  deserters”  for  October  sent  to 
provost  marshal  general  bjT  mail.  No  deserters. 

November  17th  — Tuesday. — Ewing’s  division  crossed  the  river. 
Remained  in  camp. 

November  18th  — Wednesday . — Marched  to  Bridgeport  [popu- 
lation, 1880,  200],  Jackson  county,  Alabama,  at  7:00  a.  m.  Our 
division  moved,  but  our  brigade  being  in  the  rear  we  started  at 
1:00  p.  M.  We  crossed  the  river  on  a pontoon  bridge  to  an  island 
and  across  another  pontoon  bridge  to  the  south  side  of  the  Ten- 
nessee river.  Special  Orders,  No.  177,  Headquarters  Third  Di- 
vision, received,  relieving  Hospital  Steward  George  M.  D.  Lam- 
bert from  duty  with  the  regiment  and  leaving  him  in  charge  of 
convalescent  camp  of  our  division.  We  passed  some  fortifica- 


266 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


tions.  Marched  one  mile.  Stopped  for  supper.  Started  after 
dark  and  marched  to  Shell  Mound  [population,  1880,  50], 
Marion  county,  Tennessee.  Camped  at  9:00  p.  m.  Orders  not 
to  beat  our  drums.  Distance  marched,  eight  miles. 

November  19th  — Thursday. — Started  about  7 a.  m.  Marched 
up  the  Tennessee  Valley  through  Whiteside  [population,  1880, 
300],  Marion  county,  Tennessee,  and  then  in  the  valley  and 
along  a railroad  to  the  vicinity  of  Lookout  Mountain,  which  we 
came  in  sight  of  just  at  suuset.  Skirted  around  the  mountain 
after  dark,  within  range  of  the  enemy’s  cannon,  and  at  9:00  P.  M. 
halted  for  an  hour.  Chattanooga  is  eight  miles  away.  Marched 
four  miles  toward  Chattanooga.  Passed  through  Hooker’s 
camps.  Halted  at  12:00  p.  m.  and  bivouacked  on  a hill  in  a 
field.  Cool.  Poor,  rock}-  roads.  Could  see  rebel  fires  on 
Lookout  Mountain.  Distance  marched  to-day,  twenty  miles. 

November  20tli  — Friday. — Started  at  1:30  a.  m.  Marched  to 
the  Tenuessee  river,  at  Brown’s  Ferry,  on  the  river  below  Chat- 
tanooga. Crossed  on  a pontoon,  at  3:00  A.  M.,  to  Moccasin 
Point.  Got  on  the  wrong  road  and  countermarched.  Turned 
off  to  the  left  down  a ravine  toward  Dallas  up  the  river.  Camped 
at  daylight  in  a ravine  one  mile  from  the  Tennessee  river. 
Pontoon  train  passed  in  the  night  up  the  river.  Lieutenant 
Wellman  joined  the  regiment  from  furlough.  Semi-weekly  re- 
turn for  the  nineteenth  sentln — commissioned  officers,  15;  en- 
listed men,  241;  total,  256.  We  are  in  bivouac  near  Crane’s 
Hill,  on  the  top  of  which  our  signal  station  is  located. 

November  21st  — Saturday.  — Rained  all  day.  Had  no  tents. 
We  could  see  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge  from  a 
hill  close  to  camp.  Mud!  Mud!  Tri-weekly  returns  sent  in 
— for  duty,  13  officers  and  197  men;  on  extra  and  daily  duty, 
2 officers  and  42  men;  sick,  4 men;  total,  243.  In  the  after- 
noon received  orders  to  be  ready  for  an  important  movemeut, 
taking  one  hundred  rounds  of  ammunition  and  three  days’ 
rations  and  leaving  everything  else  behind. 

November  22d  — Sunday.  — Heard  heavy  cannonading  on 
Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge.  Eight  or  ten  batter- 
ies went  down  to  the  river  and  then  came  back.  In  camp  all 
day  awaiting  orders.  Bright  sunshine  after  the  rain.  Went  up 


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on  Crane’s  Hill  and  watched  the  movements  of  the  rebels 
across  the  river.  Both  armies  in  plain  view,  as  well  as  Look- 
out Mountain,  Moccasin  Point,  Chattanooga,  etc.,  the  whole 
making  a magnificent  sight.  [Prom  Nashville  to  Chattanooga 
by  railroad  is  136  miles;  from  Chattanooga  to  Knoxville  one 
hundred  and  ten  miles. — Ed.]  At  8:00  p.  m.  received  orders  to 
move  precisely  at  midnight.  Plan  of  operations  set  forth  in 
detail.  At  9:00  p.  m.  the  above  order  was  countermanded. 
First  Sergeant  Wells  of  Company  A received  commission  as 
first  lieutenant. 

November  23d — Monday.  — Still  in  camp.  Semi-monthly  re- 
turn sent  in  — for  duty,  15  officers  and  191  men;  on  extra 
and  daily  duty,  2 officers  and  41  men;  sick,  10  men;  total,  242. 
First  Sergeant  Wells  of  Company  A reported  as  first  lieuten- 
ant. In  the  afternoon  heard  heavy  cannonading  and  then  a 
continuous  musketry  fire  from  Thomas’  front.  Died  away 
just  at  dark.  All  kinds  of  rumors  afloat  as  to  what  was  going 
on.  Probably  it  was  a reconnaissance  in  force  caused  by  ru- 
mors that  the  rebels  were  evacuating.  From  all  accounts  we 
drove  the  rebels  nearly  to  Missionary  Ridge.  Dark  and  rainy 
in  the  evening  while  all  were  preparing  for  the  contemplated 
move. 

Col.  Gabe  Bouck  of  the  Eighteenth  Wisconsin  commands 
our  brigade. 

We  copy  the  following  from  a letter  written  home  by  an 
officer  of  the  regiment  on  Nov.  23,  1863: 

We  left  Bridgeport  on  the  eighteenth  instant,  crossing  the  Tennessee  river 
at  that  place  on  a pontoon  bridge.  Marched  six  miles  and  camped  at  10:00 
p.  M.  The  next  morning  we  were  up  and  off  at  seven  o’clock.  Just  at  sunset  we 
came  in  sight  of  Lookout  Mountain,  the  highest  point  among  the  mountains  in 
this  section.  It  is  held  by  the  rebels,  although  Lookout  Valley  and  Raccoon 
Mountain  opposite  are  in  our  possession,  having  been  taken  by  Hooker  about 
the  first  of  the  present  month.  [October  27th,  at  5:00  A.  M. , General  Hazen’s 
command  of  about  one  thousand  eight  hundred  men,  in  sixty  pontoon  boats, 
landed  at  Brown’s  Ferry,  surprised  the  guards,  and  by  10:00  A.  M.  the  bridge 
was  laid.  Hooker  crossed  the  river  at  Bridgeport  on  the  twenty-sixth  and 
meeting  but  slight  resistance  emerged  into  Lookout  Valley.  — Ed.]  One  thous- 
and two  hundred  prisoners  and  seven  cannon  fell  into  Hooker’s  hands.  We 
marched  down  this  valley,  which  opens  to  the  Tennessee  river  below  Chatta- 
nooga, all  the  time  in  sight  of  the  batteries  and  rebel  picket  fires  on  Lookout, 


268 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


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which  from  its  great  elevation  seemed  j nst  above  us,  though  in  reality  two  miles 
away,  and  at  nine  o’clock  halted  in  a grove  for  an  hour’s  rest;  then  on  to  Chat- 
tanooga, eight  miles  distant.  We  had  marched  twenty  miles  already,  and  more, 
and  the  men  were  tired  enough  to  stop.  At  ten  o’clock  we  were  again  in  mo- 
tion, but  after  a march  of  four  miles  we  were  unexpectedly  ordered  to  camp  and 
move  on  to  Chattanooga  at  eight  o’clock  in  the  morning.  Everyone  felt  thankful, 
so  we  stretched  ourselves  under  our  blaukets,  under  the  cold,  cloudy  autumnal 
sky  and  under  the  ever-watchful  Lookout.  I had  just  got  to  sleep  — it  might 
have  been  an  hour  after  we  had  halted  — when  I was  awakened  by  someone 
shaking  me  and  saying,  “ Up!  we  march  atonce!”  Weary  and  half  asleep,  I looked 
up  at  Lookout.  No  sound  from  its  lofty  crest;  nothing  but  the  active  signal  light 
which  we  had  seen  early  in  the  evening.  I couldn’t  understand  it.  I now  know 
what  it  meant.  One  thing  was  certain:  Everybody  was  rolling  blankets,  putting 
on  belts  and  “cussing.”  I had  just  time  to  dress  and  get  ready  when  the  order, 
“Forward!”  rang  down  the  line.  It  was  one  o’clock  — cold  and  dark — when 
we  filed  into  the  road  and  started  again  for  Chattanooga.  At  3:00  A.  M.  we 
crossed  the  Tennessee  river  on  a bridge  of  boats,  all  the  time  under  the  eye  of 
the  ubiquitous  Lookout,  distant  three  and  a half  miles,  but  it  seemed  much 
nearer.  We  marched  a mile  or  two  on  the  Chattanooga  road,  halted  and  re- 
traced our  steps.  “Someone  had  blundered.”  Took  another  road  running  to 
the  north  of  Chattanooga  and  striking  the  river  about  that  place.  The  men 
were  nearly  exhausted.  More  than  once  during  the  night  I fell  asleep  on  my 
horse.  At  every  brief  halt  men  throw  themselves  on  the  ground  and  snatch  a 
moment’s  sleep.  It  was  broad  daylight  when  we  halted  here  in  a ravine  near 
the  river,  some  distance  above  the  town.  Yesterday  was  Sunday,  pleasant,  with 
bright  sunshine  and  clear  sky.  In  the  forenoon  I went  up  to  the  top  of  a high 
point  at  the  left  of  our  camp,  from  which  a splendid  view  may  be  had.  It  was 
a magnificent  picture.  Just  below,  the  broad  Tennessee.  Beyond  the  river, 
running  parallel  thereto  and  distant  about  two  miles, stretches  Missionary  Ridge. 
Away  to  the  right  rises  Lookout,  alone,  and  higher  than  the  ground  you  stand 
on.  Between  the  two,  Thomas’  camps  at  Chattanooga,  with  a brisk  cannonade 
along  that  commander’s  front,  and  all  the  rough  hilly  ground  intervening  looks 
almost  like  a plain  from  your  superior  height.  All  this,  I say,  makes  a grand 
picture.  I saw  it  yesterday.  It  paid  me  well  for  climbing  to  the  top.  A view 
from  the  top  of  that  mountain  to-morrow  will  be  such  as  a man  could  not  expect 
to  see  twice  during  a lifetime.  It  will  be  grand.  Last  night  at  dark  we  re- 
ceived orders  to  move  at  miduigbt.  In  an  hour  we  received  notice  that  the 
enterprise  had  been  postponed  twenty-four  hours,  so  we  are  under  orders  to 
move  to-night  at  twelve  o’clock.  Sherman’s  corps,  now  comprising  six  divi- 
sions, juso  from  Vicksburg,  is  ordered  to  cross  the  river  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Chickamauga,  and  carry  and  hold  the  eastern  end  of  Missionary  Ridge.  The  un- 
dertaking is  a difficult  one  to  bring  to  a successful  issue.  The  ridge  is  well  for- 
tified. The  enemy  is  strong.  Our  advance  is  to  cross  the  river  in  boats,  and 
covered  by  our  artillery  on  this  side,  gain  the  foothold.  A pontoon  bridge  is  to  be 
thrown  across  as  quickly  as  possible  and  troops  rushed  across  to  the  support  of 
the  advance,  when  the  corps,  twenty  or  twenty-five  thousand  strong,  must  carry 
and  hold  Missionary  Ridge.  Our  centre  and  right  will  most  likely  attack  in  order 
to  prevent  the  enemy  from  sending  re-enforcements  against  us  on  the  left.  Our 


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brigade  is  to  cross  in  boats.  Our  regiment  is  to  be  in  the  advance  as  skirmish- 
ers, so  you  see  that  we  shall  have  enough  to  do,  and  if  by  any  mishap  the 
enterprise  should  fail  (which  may  the  Lord  forbid!)  we  shall  be  annihilated  or 
captured.  It  was  intended  this  move  should  be  made  three  days  ago,  but  all 
the  troops  did  not  arrive  until  late  yesterday.  These  statements  are  facts  re- 
ceived by  me  from  the  colonel,  who  got  his  information  in  a council  of  officers  at 
brigade  headquarters,  and  if  no  change  is  made  in  the  program  twelve 
o’clock  to-night  will  see  us  moving  to  begin  our  part  in  the  great  work. 

Badeau  says: 

By  Friday  night,  November  20th,  116  pontoons  were  hidden  in  North 
Chickamauga  creek,  which  empties  into  the  Tennessee  from  the  north  five 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  South  Chickamauga  (which  is  about  four  miles 
above  Chattanooga  and  runs  from  the  south).  It  is  a sluggish  stream,  one  hun- 
dred and  eighty  feet  wide.  This  stream  offered  such  facilities  for  launching 
the  boats  that  it  was  determined  to  put  the  pontoons  in  the  water  there  and 
float  them  down,  loaded  with  soldiers,  to  the  point  of  crossing.  * * * Seven 

hundred  and  fifty  oarsmen  were  selected  from  the  two  armies,  and  these, 
with  Giles  A.  Smith’s  brigade,  were  placed  at  the  head  of  Sherman’s  column 
and  marched  under  cover  of  the  hills  to  the  North  Chickamauga.  Before  mid- 
night of  the  twenty-third  of  November  the  pontoons  were  loaded  with  thirty 
armed  men  each,  and  the  whole  fleet,  carrying  Giles  Smith’s  brigade,  pushed 
carefully  out  of  the  North  Chickamauga  and  then  dropped  silently  down  the 
Tennessee.  Floating  quietly  by  the  rebel  sentinels  they  reached  their  destina- 
tion, a point  just  above  the  mouth  of  the  South  Chickamauga.  A small  force 
then  jumped  ashore,  and  advancing  rapidly  captured  the  enemy's  outguard, 
twenty  in  number,  before  the  rebels  were  aware  of  the  presence  of  a foe. 
Smith  then  pushed  rapidly  below  the  mouth  of  the  Chickamauga,  disem- 
barked the  rest  of  his  brigade  and  dispatched  the  pontoons  back  for  other 
loads. 

We  quote  from  the  diary  of  Adjutant  Kittredge: 

At  2:00  p.  m.  of  the  twenty-third  we  left  camp  and  marched  rapidly  and 
quietly  up  the  river  to  the  place  of  crossing.  We  got  into  boats  and  were  rowed 
over  to  the  south  side  of  the  river,  which  we  reached  at  half-past  one  o’clock 
on  the  morning  of  the  twenty-fourth.  Our  regiment  was  the  first  one  of 
our  division  to  cross,  meeting  with  no  opposition.  Climbed  the  ridge  at  the 
mouth  of  Chickamauga  creek  just  below  the  crest.  The  brigade  formed  in  line 
and  proceeded  to  fortify  on  the  ridge  and  the  regiment  deployed  forward  as 
skirmishers.  By  daylight  we  were  advancing  across  the  fields,  meeting  no  re- 
sistance. Captured  three  cavalry  patrols  with  their  horses  Halted  about 
10:00  A.  M.  and  the  division  threw  up  a second  line  of  works,  the  right  resting 
on  the  river,  and  remained  quite  a while.  Pontoons  were  thrown  across  and 
the  artillery  was  brought  over.  About  1:00  p.  m.  all  was  ready,  when  our  di- 
vision formed  close  column  by  division,  our  line  of  skirmishers  so  deployed  as 
to  cover  the  front  and  right  flank.  Our  regiment,  as  skirmishers  for  our  divi- 
sion front,  pushed  on  rapidly  through  woods  and  through  a swamp,  and  then, 


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[1863 


swinging  half  to  the  left,  advanced  across  the  Western  & Atlantic  railroad, 
through  a vineyard  and  then  directly  up  Middle  Hill  (the  position  assigned  our 
division  to  occupy)  and  into  the  valley  between  that  and  Tunnel  Hill.  Here 
we  met  a very  brisk  fire,  which  was  kept  up  until  long  after  dark.  The  regi- 
ment was  relieved  about  8:00  p.  m.  by  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana,  and  came  up 
to  the  top  of  the  hill  aud  formed  in  line  back  of  the  ridge.  Private  E.  Ruble 
of  Company  I was  wounded  slightly  in  the  leg  [and  afterwards  died  of  it  on 
December  3d. — Ed.].  No  one  else  of  our  regiment  hurt.  Our  brigade  fortified 
the  crest  of  the  ridge  during  the  night.  The  Second  and  Third  brigades 
moved  in  the  evening  to  support  Ewing’s  division,  which  was  said  to  have  been 
partially  repulsed.  During  the  day  heavy  firing  was  heard  in  the  direction  of 
Lookout. 

J.  N.  Bradford  of  Company  B,  under  date  of  November 
24th,  says: 

Frank  De  Mers  and  myself  (after  we  crossed  the  river  and  the  enemy’s 
pickets  had  been  captured  without  firing  a shot,  and  we  were  about  a mile 
inland  and  were  forming  our  lines  ready  to  advance)  started  up  the  road  with 
our  guns  and  soon  discovered  two  of  the  enemy  on  horseback  riding  down  the 
road  toward  us.  They  were  riding  along  carelessly  and  had  not  yet  discovered 
that  we  were  across  the  river.  Before  they  saw  us  I proposed  to  my  companion 
to  get  behind  a stump  and  to  capture  them  as  they  came  up,  but  he  declined 
and  went  back.  I,  however,  secreted  myself  and  when  they  rode  up  brought 
my  gun  up  and  halted  them.  One  threw  up  his  hands  and  said  “Don’t  shoot! 
I surrender!”  But  the  other,  who  was  a lieutenant,  wheeled  his  horse  sud- 
denly and  made  his  escape  through  a shower  of  balls  which  our  men  fired  at 
him,  for  he  rode  right  up  our  line  and  hundreds  fired  at  him.  I got  my  pris- 
oner, whose  name  was  also  Bradford,  and  his  horse,  which  was  a fine  animal,  as 
Colonel  Tourtellotte  will  remember.  The  volley  fired  at  that  officer  in  his 
flight  up  the  road  was  the  first  notice  that  the  enemy  had  that  we  were  on  that 
side  of  the  river.  We  were  then  deployed  as  skirmishers  and  advanced  on  the 
trot,  Colonel  Tourtellotte  following  closely  behind  and  some  of  the  time  ahead 
and  urging  us  forward  until  we  struck  the  railroad  track,  where  we  halted 
until  our  forces  could  come  up. 

Bradford  says,  “Tourtellotte  took  the  horse  and  never  said 
‘ Thank  you!’  ” By  9:00  a.  m.  the  colonel,  adjutant  and  sergeant 
major  were  all  mounted  on  the  steeds  of  captured  rebel  scouts. 
General  Tourtellotte  writes: 

This  circumstance  occurred  in  regard  to  the  Fourth  Minnesota  crossing  the 
river  first  at  Missionary  Ridge.  The  brigade  commander  called  his  regimental 
commanders  together  and  told  them  that  his  brigade  was  ordered  to  cross  the 
river  first  on  the  morning  of  the  fight  and  asked  who  was  willing  to  lead  the 
way.  It  was  supposed  that  our  crossing  would  be  fiercely  opposed.  I de- 
sired permission  to  cross  first  with  my  regiment.  I did  not  say  that  the  mat- 
ter of  a little  (or  much)  fighting  to  get  across  the  river  would  make  no  differ- 


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ence  with  my  regiment,  but  others  were  permitted  to  make  whatever  inference 
they  chose.  And  that  very  advance  hy  our  brigade  on  the  first  day  prevented 
our  taking  the  lead  on  the  next  day  and  saved  us  from  the  very  severe  and  un- 
successful fight  in  which  the  other  brigade  was  engaged.  Our  regiment  was 
not  the  first  of  General  Sherman’s  army  that  crossed  the  river,  but  it  was  the 
first  of  our  division  to  cross,  and  we  had  the  division  front  to  cover. 

Before  the  battle  of  Missionary  Ridge  provisions  were  scarce  for  man  and 
beast.  One  of  my  horses  had  eaten  no  government  forage  for  several  days  nor 
could  we  get  any  in  the  country.  The  other  horse  had  been  fed  some  hard  bread. 
We  saw  s >me  stacks  of  grain  on  the  enemy’s  side  of  the  river  and  at  length  we 
started  for  those  stacks.  All  officers  were  on  foot  at  our  first  crossingin  the 
boats,  and  I directed  that  one  horse  should  be  brought  to  me  when  the  pon- 
toon bridge  was  laid.  Before  the  bridge  was  laid  the  man  and  horse  were  cap- 
tured, as  mentioned  in  the  diary.  I mounted  the  captured  horse  and  sent 
back  word  that  my  horses  should  be  fed  and  not  brought  to  me.  In  advanc- 
ing up  the  hill  that  day  I rode  into  a vineyard.  The  fence  was  very  high  at 
our  place  of  exit.  The  men  climbed  the  fence,  but  the  captured  horse  could 
not,  and  as  I could  not  spare  the  time  to  ride  hack  to  the  place  of  entering  the 
vineyard,  as  we  expected  the  enemy  upon  us  every  moment,  I dismounted 
and  left  the  horse  where  he  stood,  climbed  the  fence  and  went  on  foot  with  the 
men.  A captain  of  artillery  was  afterward  seen  riding  the  captured  horse  and 
I did  not  get  one  of  my  own  horses  for  two  days. 

Adjutant  Kittredge  says,  under  date  of  November  25th: 

Bivouacked  on  Middle  Hill  behind  the  intrenchments.  Heard  in  the  morn- 
ing that  Lookout  Mountain  had  been  carried  hy  assault.  During  the  forenoon 
our  forces  moved  to  the  assault  of  Tunnel  Hill,  which  the  rebels  had  been  for- 
tifying during  the  night.  Our  regiment  and  the  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  and 
Eighteenth  Wisconsin  remained  on  the  ridge.  From  there  we  could  see  the 
whole  affair,  which  was  gallant  in  the  extreme.  Step  by  step  our  men 
advanced  up  the  hill  in  the  face  of  a terrible  fire.  All  seemed  working  well, 
when  about  4:00  p.  M.  the  right  of  the  line  was  attacked  by  a heavy  force  from 
Missionary  Ridge  and  our  men  were  almost  surrounded  and  forced  to  fall  hack, 
losing  quite  a number  in  prisoners.  Our  left  held  its' ground  and  proceeded  to 
fortify  during  the  night.  The  capture  of  Lookout  was  confirmed  and  seemed 
to  lighten  the  sorrow  occasioned  by  our  partial  repulse  and  heavy  loss.  Laid 
down  for  the  night  expecting  a renewal  of  the  attack  on  the  morrow. 

Col.  Holden  Putnam  of  the  Ninety-third  Illinois  Infantry 
was  killed  in  these  operations. 

Sly  says: 

At  one  o’clock  on  the  twenty-fourth  we  advanced  up  Chickamauga  creek  in 
front  of  our  division.  Met  the  rebels  on  the  first  hill  of  Missionary  Ridge. 
Drove  them  over  to  the  next  hill.  Skirmished  until  dark.  Marched  back  to  the 
first  hill  and  camped  on  the  north  side  of  the  hill.  Very  cold.  One  man 
wounded.  I helped  carry  him  back  to  the  surgeon’s,  and  on  returning  to  the 
reserve  of  the  skirmish  line  down  hill,  dodging  from  tree  to  tree  as  the  rebels 


272 


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[1863 


fired  at  me,  I dropped  my  revolver.  Stopped  behind  a tree  and  saw  where  it 
was  np  the  hill.  Started  for  it.  The  rebels  fired  a volley  between  me  and  the 
next  tree  down  hill.  Got  the  revolver  and  ran  back.  Took  the  litter  and  ran 
down  the  hill  to  the  reserve.  Had  nothing  to  eat  until  9:00  P.  M. 

November  25th — Wednesday. — We  are  acting  as  reserve  on 
the  first  hill  captured.  Skirmishing  commenced  in  the  morn- 
ing in  front  of  us.  Some  shells  were  thrown  over  us.  Could 
see  the  troops  fighting  across  the  ravine  in  front  of  us.  We 
are  with  the  reserve  of  Smith’s  division  and  on  the  crest  of 
the  first  hill  captured  on  the  twenty -fourth. 

November  36th — Thursday. — Marched  down  the  hill.  Crossed 
back  over  the  railroad.  Marched  to  the  river  and  drew  rations. 
At  eight  o’clock  we  crossed  Chickamauga  creek  on  a pontoon, 
then  marched  up  the  creek  to  the  old  bridge  and  road.  Passed 
some  rebel  breastworks.  Crossed  the  Knoxville  railroad. 
Marched  one  mile.  Started  after  dark.  Passed  Chickamauga 
Station  [population,  1880,  75],  which  was  burning.  Passed 
some  huts  built  by  the  rebels.  Plenty  of'  cornmeal  scattered 
along  the  road.  Fences  were  burning. 

November  27tli — Friday. — Marched  southeast  eight  miles,  to 
Graysville,  Catoosa  county,  Georgia.  [Population,  1880,  279.] 
Camped  on  a side  lull.  Drew  quarter  rations. 

November  28th  — Saturday. — Rained.  Detailed  to  fix  roads. 
Marched  through  fields  and  by-roads  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Chickamauga  creek.  Waited  until  late  in  the  evening  for  our 
turn  to  cross.  Crossed  and  marched  to  the  other  bridge  near 
division  hospital.  Crossed  the  Tennessee  river  late  after  dark, 
to  our  old  camp.  Marched  sixteen  miles  to-day.  No  rations. 
Very  cold.  [Population,  1880,  Chattanooga, Hamilton  county ? 
Tennessee,  17,500.] 

Young  says: 

Here  occurred  one  of  the  most  trying  times  in  the  history  of  the  organization. 
They  reached  the  camp  wet,  tired  and  hungry,  to  find  that  they  had  no  tents 

nor  a pound  of  anything  to  eat.  Lieutenant , Eighteenth  Wisconsin, 

acting  commissray  of  subsistence,  was  sound  asleep  in  his  tent,  regardless  of  the 
fact  that  a brigade  of  worn  and  famished  men  were  coming.  The  writer  was 
present  when  the  fact  was  brought  to  the  notice  of  Col.  Gabe  Bouck,  Eigh- 
teenth Wisconsin,  who  commanded  the  brigade.  As  soon  as  Bouck  ascertained 
where  the  delinquency  was  located,  he  proceeded,  in  his  peculiar  way,  to  roast 
that  officer,  and  for  a few  minutes  there  was  a storm  of  profane  expletives 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


273 


heard  there  the  like  of  which  has  probably  never  been  equaled.  We  got  one 
day’s  rations  at  4:00  A.  M.,  the  twenty-ninth,  with  orders  to  make  it  last  four 
days. 

Cold  wind  all  day.  The  animals  suffered  even  more  than 
the  men.  Nearly  all  the  artillery  and  field  and  staff  horses 
were  starved  so  as  to  be  useless.  Mules  died  from  starvation 
by  the  hundreds. 

Missionary  Ridge. 

General  Sherman  states,  in  his  official  report: 

At  last,  on  the  twenty-third  of  November,  my  three  divisions  lay  behind 
the  hills  (Osterhaus’  division  was  left  to  act  with  Hooker)  opposite  the  mouth 
of  the  Chiekamauga.  I dispatched  the  brigade  of  the  Second  Division,  com- 
manded by  Gen.  Giles  A.  Smith,  under  cover  of  the  hills,  to  North  Chiekamauga 
creek  to  man  the  boats  designed  for  the  pontoon  bridge,  with  orders  (at  mid- 
night) to  drop  down  silently  to  a point  above  the  mouth  of  South  Chiekamauga, 
there  land  two  regiments,  who  were  to  move  along  the  river  bank  quietly  and 
capture  the  enemy’s  river  pickets.  Gen.  Giles  A.  Smith  then  was  to  drop 
rapidly  below  the  mouth  of  the  Chiekamauga,  disembark  the  rest  of  his  bri- 
gade and  dispatch  the  boats  across  for  fresh  loads.  These  orders  were  skillfully 
executed,  and  every  rebel  picket  but  one  was  captured.  The  balance  of  Gen. 
Morgan  L.  Smith’s  division  was  then  rapidly  ferried  across,  that  of  Gen.  John 
E.  Smith  followed,  and  by  daylight  of  November  24th  two  divisions  of  about 
eight  thousand  men  were  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Tennessee  and  had  thrown  up 
a very  respectable  rifle-trench  as  a tete  du  pont.  As  soon  as  the  day  dawned 
some  of  the  boats  were  taken  from  the  use  of  ferrying  and  a pontoon  bridge 
was  begun,  under  the  immediate  direction  of  Captain  Dresser,  the  whole 
planned  and  supervised  by  Gen.  William  F.  Smith  in  person.  A pontoon 
bridge  was  also  built  at  the  same  time  over  Chiekamauga  creek  near  its  mouth, 
giving  communication  with  the  two  regiments  which  had  been  left  on  the 
north  side  and  fulfilling  a most  important  purpose  at  a later  stage  of  the 
drama.  I will  here  bear  my  willing  testimony  to  the  completeness  of  this 
whole  business.  All  the  officers  charged  with  the  work  were  present  and  mani- 
fested a skill  which  I cannot  praise  too  highly.  I have  never  beheld  any  work 
done  so  quickly,  so  well;  and  I doubt  if  the  history  of  war  can  show  a bridge 
of  that  extent  (viz.,  thirteen  hundred  and  fifty  feet)  laid  so  noiselessly  and 
well  in  so  short  a time.  I attribute  it  to  the  genius  and  intelligence  of  Gen. 
William  F.  Smith.  The  steamer  Dunbar  arrived  in  the  course  of  the  morning 
and  relieved  Ewing’s  division  of  the  labor  of  rowing  across,  but  by  noon  the 
pontoon  bridge  was  done  and  my  three  divisions  were  across,  with  men,  horses, 
artillery  and  everything.  Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis’  division  was  ready  to  take  the 
bridge  and  I ordered  the  columns  to  form  in  order  to  carry  the  Missionary 
Hills.  The  movement  had  been  carefully  explained  to  all  division  com- 
manders, and  at  1:00  p.  M.  we  marched  from  the  river  in  three  columns  en 
18 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


echelon : The  left,  Gen.  Morgan  L.  Smith  — the  column  of  direction  — following 
substantially  Chickamauga  creek;  the  centre,  Gen.  John  E.  Smith,  in  columns 
doubled  on  the  centre  at  one  brigade  interval,  to  the  right  and  rear;  the  right, 
General  Ewing,  in  column,  at  the  same  distance  to  the  right  and  rear,  prepared 
to  deploy  to  the  right,  on  the  supposition  that  we  would  meet  an  enemy  in 
that  direction.  Each  head  of  column  was  covered  by  a good  line  of  skirmish- 
ers with  supports.  A light  drizzling  rain  prevailed  and  the  clouds  hung  low, 
cloaking  our  movement  from  the  enemy’s  tower  of  observation  on  Lookout 
Mountain.  We  soon  gained  the  foothills.  Our  skirmishers  crept  up  the  face 
of  the  hills,  followed  by  their  supports,  and  at  3:30  p.  m.  we  had  gained,  with 
no  loss,  the  desired  point.  A brigade  of  each  division  was  pushed  rapidly  to 
the  top  of  the  hill  and  the  enemy  for  the  first  time  seemed  to  realize  the  move- 
ment; but  too  late,  for  we  were  in  possession.  He  opened  with  artillery,  but 
General  Ewing  soon  got  some  of  Captain  Richardson’s  guns  up  that  steep  hill 
and  gave  back  artillery,  and  the  enemy’s  skirmishers  made  one  or  two  ineffec- 
tual dashes  at  General  Lightburn,  who  had  swept  around  and  got  a further  hill, 
which  was  the  real  continuation  of  the  ridge. 

From  studying  all  the  maps  I had  inferred  that  Missionary  Ridge  was  a 
continuous  hill,  but  we  found  ourselves  on  two  high  points,  with  a deep  depres- 
sion between  us  and  the  one  immediately  over  the  tunnel,  which  was  my 
chief  objective  point.  The  ground  we  had  gained,  however,  was  so  important 
that  I could  leave  nothing  to  chance,  and  ordered  it  to  be  fortified  during  the 
night.  One  brigade  of  each  division  was  left  on  the  hill,  one  of  Gen.  Morgan 
L.  Smith’s  closed  the  gap  at  Chickamauga  creek,  two  of  Gen.  John  E.  Smith’s 
were  drawn  back  to  the  base  in  reserve  and  General  Ewing’s  right  was  ex- 
tended down  into  the  plain,  thus  crossing  the  ridge  in  a general  line  facing 
southeast.  The  enemy  felt  our  left  flank  about  4:00  p.  M.  and  a pretty  sharp 
engagement  with  artillery  and  muskets  ensued,  when  he  drew  off;  but  it  cost 
us  dear,  for  Gen.  Giles  A.  Smith  was  severely  wounded  and  had  to  go  to  the 
rear.  * * * As  night  closed  in  I ordered  Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis  to  keep  one 
of  his  brigades  at  the  ridge,  one  close  up  to  my  position  and  one  intermediate. 
Thus  we  passed  the  night,  heavy  details  being  kept  busy  at  work  on  the 
intrenchments  on  the  hill.  During  the  night  the  sky  cleared  away  bright,  a 
cold  frost  filled  the  air  and  our  campfires  revealed  to  the  enemy  and  to  our 
friends  in  Chattanooga  our  position  on  Missionary  Ridge.  About  midnight  I 
received  at  the  hands  of  Major  Rowley  (of  General  Grant’s  staff)  orders  to 
attack  the  enemy  at  “dawn  of  day,”  with  notice  that  General  Thomas  would 
attack  in  force  early  in  the  day.  Accordingly  before  day  I was  in  the  saddle 
attended  by  all  my  staff,  rode  to  the  extreme  left  of  our  position  near  Chicka- 
mauga creek,  thence  up  the  hill  held  by  General  Lightburn  and  around  to  the 
extreme  right  of  General  Ewing.  Catching  as  accurate  an  idea  of  the  ground 
as  possible  by  the  dim  light  of  morning,  I saw  that  our  line  of  attack  was  in  the 
direction  of  Missionary  Ridge,  with  wings  supporting  on  either  flank.  Quite 
a valley  lay  between  us  and  the  next  hill  of  the  series,  and  this  hill  presented 
steep  sides,  the  one  to  the  west  partially  cleared  and  the  other  covered  with  the 
native  forest.  The  crest  of  the  ridge  was  narrow  and  wooded.  The  further 
point  of  this  hill  was  held  by  the  enemy  with  a breastwork  of  logs  and  fresh 
earth,  filled  with  men  and  two  guns.  The  enemy  was  also  seen  in  great  force 


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275 


on  a still  higher  hill  beyond  the  tunnel,  from  -which  he  had  a fine  plunging  fire 
on  the  hill  in  dispute.  The  gorge  between,  through  which  several  roads  and 
the  railroad  tunnel  pass,  could  not  be  seen  from  our  position,  but  formed  the 
natural  place  d’armes  where  the  enemy  covered  his  masses  to  resist  our  con- 
templated movement  of  turning  his  right  flank  and  endangering  his  communi- 
cations with  his  depot  at  Chickamauga  Station.  As  soon  as  possible  the 
following  dispositions  were  made:  The  brigade  of  Colonels  Cockrell  and 

Alexander  and  General  Lightburn  were  to  hold  our  hill  as  the  key-point.  Gen- 
eral Corse,  with  as  much  of  his  brigade  as  could  operate  along  the  narrow 
ridge,  was  to  attack  from  our  right  centre.  General  Lightburn  was  to  dispatch 
a good  regiment  from  his  position  to  co-operate  with  General  Corse,  and  Gen. 
Morgan  L.  Smith  was  to  move  along  the  east  base  of  Missionary  Ridge,  con- 
necting with  General  Corse;  Colonel  Loomis,  in  like  manner,  to  move  along  the 
west  base,  supported  by  the  two  reserve  brigades  of  Gen.  John  E.  Smith.  The 
sun  had  hardly  risen  before  General  Corse  had  completed  his  preparations  and 
his  bugle  sounded  the  “Forward!”  The  Fortieth  Illinois,  supported  by  the 
Forty-sixth  Ohio  on  our  right  centre,  with  the  Thirtieth  Ohio  (Colonel  Jones), 
moved  down  the  face  of  the  hill  and  up  that  held  by  the  enemy.  The  line 
advanced  to  within  about  eighty  yards  of  the  intrenched  position,  where  Gen- 
eral Corse  found  a secondary  crest  which  he  gained  and  held.  To  this  point 
he  called  his  reserves  and  asked  for  re-enforcements,  which  were  sent,  but  the 
space  was  narrow  and  it  was  not  well  to  crowd  the  men,  as  the  enemy’s 
artillery  and  musketry  fire  swept  the  approach  to  his  position,  giving  him  great 
advantage.  As  soon  as  General  Corse  had  made  his  preparations  he  assaulted, 
and  a close,  severe  contest  ensued,  which  lasted  more  than  an  hour,  gaining 
and  losing  ground,  but  never  the  position  first  obtained,  from  which  the 
enemy  in  vain  attempted  to  drive  him.  Gen.  Morgan  L.  Smith  kept  gaining 
ground  on  the  left  spurs  on  Missionary  Ridge  and  Colonel  Loomis  got  abreast 
of  the  tunnel  and  railroad  embankment  on  his  side,  drawing  the  enemy’s  fire, 
and  to  that  extent  relieving  the  assaulting  party  on  the  hill  crest.  Captain 
Collender  had  four  of  his  guns  on  General  Ewing’s  hill  and  Captain  Woods  his 
Napoleon  battery  on  General  Lightburn’s;  also,  two  guns  of  Dillon’s  with 
Colonel  Alexander’s  brigade.  All  directed  their  fire  as  carefully  as  possible  to 
clear  the  hill  to  our  front  without  endangering  our  own  men.  The  fight  raged 
furiously  about  10:00  A.  M. , when  General  Corse  received  a severe  wound,  was 
brought  off  the  field  and  the  command  of  the  brigade  and  of  the  assault  at  that 
key-point  devolved  on  that  fine,  gallant  young  officer,  Colonel  Walcott  of  the 
Forty-sixth  Ohio,  who  fulfilled  his  part  manfully.  He  continued  the  contest, 
pressing  forward  at  all  points.  Colonel  Loomis  had  made  good  progress  to 
the  right,  and  about  2:00  p.  M.  Gen.  John  E.  Smith,  judging  the  battle  to  be 
most  severe  on  the  hill  and  being  required  to  support  General  Ewing,  ordered 
up  Colonel  Raum’s  and  General  Matthies’  brigades  across  the  field  to  the  sum- 
mit that  was  being  fought  for.  They  moved  up  under  a heavy  fire  of  cannon 
and  musketry  and  joined  Colonel  Walcott,  but  the  crest  was  so  narrow  that 
they  necessarily  occupied  the  west  face  of  the  hill.  The  enemy  at  the  time 
being  massed  in  great  strength  in  the  tunnel  gorge,  moved  a large  force  under 
cover  of  the  ground  and  the  thick  bushes  and  suddenly  appeared  on  the  right 
rear  of  this  command.  The  suddenness  of  the  attack  disconcerted  the  men, 
exposed  as  they  were  in  the  open  field;  they  fell  back  in  some  disorder  to  the 


276 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1863 


lower  edge  of  the  field  and  reformed.  These  two  brigades  were  in  the  nature 
of  supports  and  did  not  constitute  a part  of  the  real  attack.  The  movement, 
seen  from  Chattanooga  (five  miles  off)  with  spy-glasses,  gave  rise  to  the  report, 
which  even  General  Meigs  has  repeated,  that  we  were  repulsed  on  the  left.  It 
was  not  so.  The  real  attacking  columns  of  General  Corse,  Colonel  Loomis  and 
General  Smith  were  not  repulsed.  They  engaged  in  a close  struggle  all  day 
persistently,  stubbornly  and  well.  When  the  two  reserve  brigades  of  Gen. 
John  E.  Smith  fell  back,  as  described,  the  enemy  made  a show  of  pursuit,  but 
were  in  their  turn  caught  in  flank  by  the  well-directed  fire  of  our  brigade  on 
the  wooded  crest  and  hastily  sought  cover  behind  tjie  hill. 

Thus  matters  stood  about  3:00  p.  m.  The  day  was  bright  and  clear  and  the 
amphitheatre  of  Chattanooga  lay  in  beauty  at  our  feet.  I had  watched  for  the 
attack  of  General  Thomas  “ early  in  the  day.”  Column  after  column  of  the 
enemy  was  streaming  toward  me;  gun  after  gun  poured  its  concentric  shot  on 
us  from  every  hill  and  spur  that  gave  a view  of  any  part  of  the  ground  held  by 
us.  An  occasional  shot  from  Fort  Wood  and  Orchard  Knob  and  some  musketry 
fire  and  artillery  over  about  Lookout  Mountain  was  all  that  I could  detect  on 
our  side;  but  about  3:00  p.  M.  I noticed  the  white  line  of  musketry  fire  in  front 
of  Orchard  Knoll  extending  further  and  further  right  and  left  and  on.  We  could 
only  hear  a faint  echo  of  sound,  but  enough  was  seen  to  satisfy  me  that  General 
Thomas  was  at  last  moving  on  the  centre.  I knew  that  our  attack  had  drawn 
vast  masses  of  the  enemy  to  our  flank  and  felt  sure  of  the  result.  Some  guns 
which  had  been  firing  on  us  all  day  were  silent  or  were  turned  in  a different 
direction.  The  advancing  line  of  musketry  fire  from  Orchard  Knoll  disappeared 
to  us  behind  a spur  of  the  hill  and  could  no  longer  be  seen,  and  it  was  not  until 
night  closed  in  that  I knew  that  the  troops  in  Chattanooga  had  swept  across 
Missionary  Ridge  and  broken  the  enemy’s  centre.  Of  course  the  victory  was 
won  and  pursuit  was  the  next  step.  I ordered  Gen.  Morgan  L.  Smith  to  feel 
to  the  tunnel,  and  it  was  found  vacant  save  by  the  dead  and  wounded  of  our 
own  and  the  enemy  commingled.  The  reserve  of  Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis  was  or- 
dered to  march  at  once  by  the  pontoon  bridge  across  Chickamauga  creek  at  its 
mouth  and  push  forward  for  the  depot.  * * * By  about  11:00  A.  M.  Gen. 

Jeff.  C.  Davis’  division  reached  the  depot,  just  in  time  to  see  it  in  flames.  He 
found  the  enemy  occupying  two  hills,  partially  intrenched,  just  beyond  the 
depot.  These  he  soon  drove  away.  The  depot  presented  a scene  of  desolation 
that  war  alone  exhibits — cornmeal  and  corn  in  huge  burning  piles,  broken  wag- 
ons, abandoned  caissons,  two  thirty-two  pounder  rifled  guns  with  carriages 
burned,  pieces  of  pontoons,  balks  and  chesses,  etc.  (destined  doubtless  for  the 
famous  invasion  of  Kentucky),  and  all  manner  of  things,  burning  and  broken. 
Still  the  enemy  kindly  left  us  a good  supply  of  forage  for  our  horses,  and  meal, 
beans,  etc.,  for  our  men.  Pausing  but  a short  while  we  passed  on,  the  road 
filled  with  broken  wagons  and  abandoned  caissons,  till  night.  Just  as  the  head 
of  the  column  emerged  from  a dark,  miry  swamp,  we  encountered  the  rear 
guard  of  the  retreating  enemy.  The  fight  was  sharp,  but  the  night  closed  in 
so  dark  that  we  could  not  move.  General  Grant  came  up  to  us  there.  At  day- 
light we  resumed  the  march,  and  at  Graysville,  where  a good  bridge  spanned 
the  Chickamauga,  we  found  the  corps  of  General  Palmer  on  the  south  bank, 
who  informed  us  that  General  Hooker  was  on  a road  still  further  south,  and  we 
could  hear  his  guns  near  Ringgold. 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


277 


It  being  necessary  to  relieve  the  army  of  General  Burnside, 
which  was  besieged  at  Knoxville,  over  one  hundred  miles  dis- 
tant, by  Longstreet’s  forces,  General  Sherman  marched  with 
the  First  and  Second  divisions  of  his  corps  (Howard’s  and 
Jeff.  C.  Davis’)  and  some  other  troops  to  that  place,  arriving 
there  December  6th,  and  returned  to  the  vicinity  of  Chatta- 
nooga about  the  nineteenth. 

November  29th — Sunday. — Cold  wind  drove  the  men  to  the 
ravine  and  woods  for  shelter.  Drew  quarter  rations. 

November  30tli — Monday. — Drew  some  beef.  Had  to  eat 
corn.  Cold. 

Monthly  Returns  for  November , 1863. — Forduty,  14  officers  and  198  men;  extra 
and  daily,  2 officers  and  40  men;  sick  duty,  1 officer  and  2 men;  total,  17 
officers  and  240  men.  Detached,  2 officers  and  75  men;  sick,  6 officers  and  212 
men;  without  leave,  2 officers  and  3 men;  with  leave,  1 man;  total,  10  officers 
and  291  men.  No  deserters. 

December  1st — Tuesday. — Drew  half  rations.  In  camp.  Were 
reviewed  by  General  Hunter.  Generals  Grant,  Logan  and 
Smith  were  present.  In  the  evening  the  regiment  was  paid 
by  Major  Tillman  up  to  Oct.  31,  1863.  Tourtellotte,  Cross, 
Wedel,  Murphy,  Kittredge  and  Rich  were  all  paid.  Lieut.  L. 
R.  Wellman  was  mustered  in  as  first  lieutenant  from  Oct.  3, 
1863. 

December  2d — Wednesday. — Remained  in  camp  awaiting 
orders  to  move  as  soon  as  teams  could  be  procured,  ours  having 
been  sent  off  for  forage,  meal,  etc. 

December  3d — Thursday. — Started  at  7:00  a.  m.  Marched  to 
Brown’s  Ferry.  Crossed  the  Tennessee  river  on  a pontoon 
bridge.  Passed  General  Hooker’s  headquarters  and  had  a 
good  view  of  the  general,  who  was  standing  in  front  of  his 
tent  watching  us.  Found  the  roads  very  bad.  Sent  the  men 
on  the  railroad,  meeting  them  at  Whiteside,  near  the  ruins  of 
the  large  railroad  bridge  that  was  burned.  We  marched 
about  a mile  from  the  bridge  and  camped  on  a side  hill  in 
Trenton  Valley.  The  wagon  train  did  not  come  up  for  the  first 
time  in  all  our  experience,  having  got  tangled  up  with  trains 
going  the  other  way  over  the  mountains.  Consequently  the 
men  spent  the  night  hungry  and  cold.  Rations  were  promised 


278  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1863 

ns,  but  the  men  sent  for  them  could  not  find  them.  Distance 
marched  to-day,  fourteen  miles. 

December  lyth. — Friday. — Remained  in  camp  till  the  rations 
could  he  found.  At  last  the  regiment  received  two  boxes  of 
hard  bread.  That  issued,  we  started.  Marched  past  Shell 
Mound  and  to  Bridgeport.  Crossed  the  river  on  pontoon 
bridge  and  camped  one  mile  below  the  railroad  bridge,  on  the 
bank  of  the  river.  Drew  rations.  Sent  back  extra  mules  to 
assist  our  train  over  the  road.  Distance  for  the  day,  thirteen 
miles. 

December  6th  — Sunday. — Policed  a camp  and  had  Sunday 
inspection.  Bridgeport  is  twenty-eight  miles  down  the  river 
from  Chattanooga. 

December  11th  — Friday. — Adjutant  Kittredge  went  to  Nash- 
ville to-day  on  a seven  days’  leave  of  absence,  on  business  for 
the  regiment,  to  purchase  four  Sibley  stoves  and  supplies  of 
clothing  and  other  goods  for  the  officers  and  men;  also,  a 
twenty-four-inch  bass  drum  and  mouthpieces  for  the  brass 
instruments,  fifteen  music  books,  etc.  While  in  Nashville  he 
visited  Maj.  A.  E.  Welch,  who  was  then  sick  in  hospital  and 
who  died  on  Feb.  1,  1864. 

December  20th — Sunday. — Got  orders  to-day  for  our  First 
Brigade  to  march  to  Huntsville,  Ala.,  seventy  miles  distant. 
The  rest  of  our  division  and  the  baggage  of  our  brigade  is  to 
follow  us  in  a day  or  two.  We  go  to  relieve  troops  there  now 
and  under  marching  orders. 

December  21st  — Monday. — We  marched  at  daylight  to  the 
railroad.  Crossed.  Marched  close  to  the  Cumberland  moun- 
tains to  Stevenson  [population,  1880,  300],  Jackson  county, 
Alabama.  We  started  with  a citizen  as  a guide.  Marched  on 
the  railroad,  four  miles.  We  are  to  make  all  haste  possible  so 
as  to  get  there  and  relieve  the  other  troops.  We  have  ten 
days’  rations  and  plenty  of  ammunition  with  our  brigade. 

Marched  south  one  and  one-half  miles  to  the  wagon  road 
and  camped.  The  horsemen  and  teams  had  to  go  a long  way 
around  and  did  not  get  up  at  night.  Plenty  of  mud. 

December  22d — Tuesday. — Marched  four  miles.  Crossed  a 
creek  near  a mill.  Marched  six  miles  to  Bellefonte.  [Popu- 


1863] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


279 


lation,  1880,  150.]  Marched  three-quarters  of  a mile.  Turned 
off  on  the  wrong  road.  Marched  one  and  one-half  miles.  Turned 
back  to  a cross-road.  Got  on  the  right  road.  Met  the  officers. 
Marched  one  and  one-half  miles  and  camped. 

December  23d — Wednesday.  — The  teams  came  up.  Marched 
three  miles  to  Scottsborough,  Jackson  county,  Alabama  [popu- 
lation, 1880,  800],  at  the  foot  of  the  mountains.  Marched  four 
and  one-half  miles  on  the  railroad  to  Larkinsville,  Ala.  [Popu- 
lation, 1880,  300.]  Marched  six  and  one-half  miles  and  en- 
camped. The  teams  and  horsemen  took  the  wagon  road.  Cool. 

December  24-th — Thursday. — Four  companies  rearguard. 
Marched  seven  miles  to  Paint  Rock,  Jackson  county,  Alabama. 
[Population,  1880,  60.]  Marched  on  the  railroad.  Left  the 
railroad  at  the  forty-mile  post,  marched  three  miles  and 
camped  on  a hill.  Cold.  Cedar  bushes  and  trees  all  around. 

December  25th — Friday. — Christmas.  W e started  before  day- 
light and  marched  six  miles  to  Maysville,  Madison  county,  Ala- 
bama. [Population,  1880,  230.]  Marched  two  miles  to  a creek. 
Crossed  in  the  wagons  and  then  marched  eight  miles  to  within 
sight  of  Huntsville,  Madison  county,  Alabama  [population, 
1880,  4,976],  and  camped  on  a hill.  Details  went  to  town  on 
guard.  Rain. 

December  26th  — Saturday. — We  camped  last  night  on  the 
plantation  of  a man  who  is  said  to  have  shot  General  McCook 
last  year.  The  house  is  destroyed  and  everything  is  desolate. 
We  started  before  daylight  over  the  rough  frozen  ground,  sur- 
rounded by  wintry  darkness,  and  marched  into  town.  On  ar- 
riving wTe  went  into  the  empty  houses  near  the  depot  of  the 
Memphis  & Charleston  Railroad  and  built  bunks.  Rain  and 
cold. 

December  29th — Tuesday. — The  regiment  received  orders 
about  10:00  p.  m.  to  proceed  at  once  toward  Athens  to  a ferry 
on  the  Tennessee  river,  and  with  a squadron  of  cavalry  (two 
companies),  secure  and  destroy  all  boats  and  collect  and  bring 
in  supplies  for  the  brigade.  We  started  at  10:00  p.  m. 
Marched  west  eight  miles.  Clear  and  cold.  Good  roads. 

December  30tlx  — Wednesday. — We  kept  on  marching  until 
eight  o’clock  this  morning.  At  three  o’clock  in  the  morning 


280  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1864 

we  passed  Madison  Station.  Stopped  four  hours  at  a planta- 
tion. Marched  four  miles  toward  the  Tennessee  river. 
Stopped  two  hours.  Started  back,  and  after  marching  six 
miles  camped  on  a plantation.  Clear  and  cool.  Commenced 
driving  along  hogs,  cattle  and  sheep. 

December  31st — Thursday. — Marched  to  Madison  Station 
[population,  1880,  500]  and  stopped  for  dinner.  Marched  one 
mile  and  then  stopped  in  the  houses.  Rained  all  day  and 
night.  Sleet  and  snow.  Very  cold.  Ice  two  inches  thick. 

January  1st  — Friday. — Started  at  nine  o’clock  and 
marched  to  Huntsville.  Very  cold.  Had  a large  drove  of  cat- 
tle, sheep  and  hogs  and  lots  of  plantation  teams  filled  with 
negroes. 

General  Tourtellotte,  in  writing  us  in  reply  to  our  inquiry, 
states: 

The  expedition  you  speak  of,  from  Huntsville  to  destroy  some  ferry-boats, 
which  the  enemy  were  using  to  carry  supplies  across  the  Tennessee  river,  and 
to  bring  in  some  cattle,  I remember  well.  The  expedition  was  ordered  by  the 
brigade  commander  and  consisted  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota  and  two  companies 
of  cavalry.  The  cavalry  were  taken,  as  we  had  to  strike  the  river  about  day- 
light at  two  different  places,  and  the  cavalry  were  to  go  to  the  most  distant 
place.  We  were  to  have  started  at  dusk,  but  the  guide  did  not  come  until  ten 
or  eleven  o’clock,  and  we  then  started.  We  had  some  eighteen  miles  (more  or 
less)  to  go,  and  after  we  had  marched  some  ten  miles  (more  or  less)  I found 
that  the  infantry  could  never  make  the  river  by  daylight,  so  I ordered 
Edson  to  bivouac  with  the  regiment  and  I started  with  the  cavalry  on  a trot 
for  the  river.  I divided  the  cavalry  into  two  parts  so  as  to  strike  the  two 
places  on  the  river  as  was  intended.  One  ferry-boat  was  taken  and  destroyed. 
The  infantry  did  not  go  within  several  miles  of  the  river,  but  they  collected 
(as  they  had  been  directed)  a large  number  of  cattle,  sheep,  and  perhaps  hogs, 
which  were  driven  back  to  camp.  The  last  night  of  that  expedition  (the  regi- 
ment was  two  days  in  returning)  will  be  remembered  by  some  of  the  men  as 
very  cold. 

Capt.  W.  W.  Rich  informs  us  that  the  expedition  also  took 
three  prisoners  and  drove  back  seven  hundred  cattle,  sheep 
and  hogs,  four  or  five  ox  teams  and  the  wagons  loaded  with 
poultry,  sweet  potatoes  and  corn.  It  was  twenty-five  miles  to 
the  river. 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


281 


January  l^th — Monday.  — Over  three-quarters  of  the  regi- 
ment present  for  duty.  Re-enlisted  as  veterans  for  three  years 
more  of  service  — 219  men  in  all. 

January  lltli  — Monday.  — Policed  a camp  (swept  and 
brushed  the  ground)  a mile  and  a half  west  from  town,  at  Rus- 
sell’s Hill,  and  put  up  tents.  Clear  and  cold. 

January  13th — Tuesday.  — We  marched  out  to  the  new  camp 
at  ten  o’clock.  We  had  hail  at  night.  Cold.  Our  whole  bri- 
gade except  the  Eighteenth  Wisconsin  is  here.  That  remained 
on  duty  in  town. 

January  17th  — Sunday.  — Commenced  snowing  at  dark. 
Snowed  three-fourths  of  an  inch.  It  is  cold.  We  built  fire- 
places and  chimneys. 

From  the  St.  Paul  Press,  Jan.  12,  1864: 

Sick  in  hospital  at  Memphis,  Tenn. — Wm.  F.  Seely  and  M.  W.  Cunning- 
ham of  Company  H,  in  Washington  Hospital;  Albert  Johnson  of  Company  B,  in 
Gayoso  Hospital;  Wm.  Dynes  of  Company  I and  J.  F.  Tostevin  of  Company  K, 
in  Adams  Hospital;  C.  G.  Peabody  of  Company  D and  J.  L.  Aldrich  of  Com- 
pany K,  in  Union  Hospital. 

Annual  Return  of  Alterations,  Etc.,  Made  Jan.  20,  1864, 
at  Huntsville,  Ala. 

Remained  at  Vicksburg  on  guard  duty  until  September  12  th,  when  we  em- 
barked and  proceeded  to  Helena  and  thence  to  Memphis.  The  division 
(Seventh  of  Seventeenth  Army  Corps)  was  then  temporarily  assigned  to  General 
Sherman’s  (Fifteenth)  corps,  and  with  it  marched  to  Chattanooga.  * * * 
Encamped  at  Bridgeport.  There  we  were  permanently  assigned  to  the  Fif- 
teenth Army  Corps  as  the  Third  Division,  John  A.  Logan  assuming  com- 
mand of  the  corps.  Our  brigade  (First  Brigade,  Third  Division,  Fifteenth 
Army  Corps)  is  now  encamped  near  the  city  of  Huntsville,  its  commander,  Col. 
J.  1.  Alexander,  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  Infantry,  commanding  the  post.  Over 
314  of  the  men  now  with  the  regiment  have  re-enlisted  as  veteran  volunteers 
and  are  now  being  mustered.  There  are  present  for  duty  sixteen  officers  and 
two  hundred  and  ninety  men.  During  the  year  the  regiment  has  traveled  one 
thousand  six  hundred  miles  by  steamboat,  one  hundred  miles  by  railroad  and 
has  marched  over  eight  hundred  miles. 


2S2 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


LOSSES  DURING  THE  YEAR. 


Place. 

Deaths. 

Deser- 

tions. 

12 

Benton  Barracks,  MoT 

1 

2 

Champion  Hills 

1 

Chattanooga,  Tenn 

1 

3 

1 

Hard  Times  Landing,  La 

i 

6 

1 

2 

Keokuk,  Iowa  (General  Hospital) 

4 

1 

Memphis,  Tenn 

10 

7 

Milliken’s  Bend,  La 

1 

1 

7 

8 

i 

Raymond,  Miss 

2 

7 

1 

17 

3 

1 

4 

77 

29 

LOSSES  BY  COMPANIES. 


Companies. 

Deaths. 

Deser- 

tions. 

9 

3 

6 

1 

8 

2 

8 

9 

5 

8 

2 

6 

2 

6 

3 

9 

5 

8 

6 

77 

29 

Aggregate  strength,  Dec.  31,  1862  — Commissioned  officers,  37;  enlisted 
men,  750;  total,  787.  Loss  during  year,  1863.  Commissioned  officers,  16; 
enlisted  men,  227;  total,  243.  Gain  during  the  year — Commissioned  officers, 
6.  Net  loss  for  the  year,  237.  Aggregate  strength,  Dec.  31,  1863,  550.  Re- 
capitulation— Commissioned  officers,  27;  enlisted  men,  523;  total,  550. 

January  29tli — Friday. — Received  orders  at  9:00  p.  m.  to 
march  at  7:00  a.  m.  to-morrow  to  Whitesburg,  on  the  Tennessee 
river,  ten  miles  directly  south  of  Huntsville,  with  two  days’ 
rations  and  sixty  rounds  of  ammunition,  leaving  camp  and 
garrison  equipage  behind. 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


283 


January  30th — Saturday. — The  regiment  marched  south 
through  Huntsville,  ten  miles,  to  Whitesburg,  on  the  north  side 
of  the  river,  arriving  at  10:00  P.  M.  [Population,  1880,  140.] 
Our  pioneers  built  two  boats,  and  while  at  work  the  rebels 
kept  firing  across  the  river  at  them.  We  moved  into  the 
houses.  Many  of  our  men  became  intimately  acquainted  with 
some  of  the  ladies  of  this  town.  Lively  skirmishing  between 
our  men  and  the  enemy  was  kept  up  for  three  days,  when  an 
agreement  was  entered  into  and  firing  ceased  until  some  overt 
act  should  be  committed. 

January  31st — Sunday. — Adjutant  Kittredge  was  detached 
from  the  regiment  and  assigned  to  duty  as  post  adjutant  at 
Huntsville,  and  remained  on  that  duty  until  the  regiment  went 
to  Minnesota  on  veteran  furlough. 

February  8th — Monday.  — The  paymaster  came  and  piaid  the 
veterans. 

February  9th  — Tuesday. — The  pioneers  marched  to  Hunts- 
ville. 

February  13tli — Saturday.  — Company  A went  up  the  river 
scouting. 

February  15tli — Monday. — Company  A moved  down  to  the 
bank  of  the  river  and  occupied  an  old  house.  Sly  says:  “ My 

shorthand  books  arrived  and  I spent  all  my  time  studying  them. 
In  a week  was  able  to  read  it.”  False  alarm  long  roll  in  the 
night. 

February  2Jth — Wednesday.  — Five  companies  went  out 
scouting. 

February  28th  — Sunday. — Four  companies  started  after  dark 
and  marched  two  miles  toward  Huntsville  and  camped. 

February  29th  — Monday. — The  rest  of  the  regiment  came  up 
and  we  marched  to  our  old  camp  near  Huntsville  and  mustered. 
Good  road.  Plenty  of  cedar  trees  and  bushes. 

March  5th  — Saturday. — Start  home  on  veteran  furlough. 
Marched  to  the  railroad  depot.  Got  on  the  cars  at  11:00  A.  M. 


284  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1864 

Started  for  Minnesota  at  3:00  p.  m.  on  veteran  furlough,  with 
the  following  number  of  officers  and  men: 


Com.  Of- 
ficers. 

Sergeants. 

Corporals. 

Musicians. 

Non-Com. 

Staff. 

Privates. 

Staff. 

6 

2 

2 

4 

3 

2 

13 

1 

2 

1 

il 

4 

3 

19 

1 

3 

2 

12 

1 

4 

2 

32 

1 

3 

3 

1 

21 

1 

1 

1 

1 

13 

1 

4 

5 

1 

18 

1 

3 

2 

21 

2 

3 

5 

27 

Total 

17 

31 

27 

5 

2 

187 

Duty  roster  of  officers— Captains  E.  U.  Russell  and  Morrill  and  Lieutenants  Wells,  Towle, 
Wellman,  Isaac,  Douglas,  Graham,  Gould,  Hunt  and  Sam  Russell. 


Reached  Stevenson  at  9:00  p.  m.  Changed  cars.  Started 
at  10:00  p.  m.  for  Nashville.  Just  as  the  train  stopped  at 
Anderson  Station,  eleven  miles  beyond  Stevenson,  a train  ran 
into  it  from  behind,  about  11:00  p.  m.  Our  train  had  stopped 
for  water.  Two  cars  were  telescoped  and  three  passenger  cars 
were  consumed  by  fire.  George  Therriot  of  Company  K was 
burned  up.  Five  women  from  Huntsville  were  also  burned. 
We  could  see  the  women  running  around  in  the  burning  cars. 
In  all,  seven  were  killed  or  burned  to  death,  twenty-two  were 
wounded  and  twenty  cars  and  one  locomotive  burned  or  ren- 
dered useless.  One  of  the  ladies  burned  was  a Miss  Picket,  a 
relative  of  General  Picket,  who  led  the  rebel  charge  at  Gettys- 
burg. Her  mother  was  a widow  lady  and  lived  at  Huntsville. 
She  was  taken  from  the  car  alive,  expressed  her  thanks  to  our 
men  for  taking  her  out  and  before  she  died  sent  messages  by 
our  men  to  her  mother.  Many  of  our  men,  especially  in  Com- 
pany I,  lost  guns,  clothing,  etc. 

March  6tli — Sunday. — We  started  at  11:00  a.  m.  Were  de- 
tained several  hours  at  Tantallon  waiting  for  down  trains  to 
pass.  At  last  we  started  on  and  reached  Nashville  on  the 
seventh,  at  3:00  A.  M.  Got  off  the  cars  at  4:00  A.  M.  and  stayed 
at  Exchange  Barracks,  No.  2, all  day.  It  was  afemale  seminary. 

March  8th — Tuesday. — Marched  through  Nashville  and  got 
on  the  cars  and  started  north. 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


285 


March  9th — Wednesday. — Arrived  at  Louisville,  Ivy.,  at 
daylight.  Went  to  the  barracks.  At  four  o’clock  crossed  the 
Ohio  river  to  Jeffersonville,  Ind.,  got  on  the  cars  and  started 
north. 

MarchlOth — Thursday. — Arrived  at  Indianapolis  at  daylight. 
At  twelve  o’clock  arrived  at  Chicago,  111.  Went  to  the  Sol- 
diers’ Rest.  Got  dinner.  Were  handsomely  entertained. 

General  Tourtellotte  writes  ns: 

I went  north  with  my  regiment  on  veteran  furlough  as  far  as  Chicago,  when 
I left  the  regiment  to  make  a short  visit  to  my  father  and  mother  in  Connecti- 
cut. Then  I went  to  Minnesota;  was  present  and  in  command  when  the  regi- 
ment assembled  in  St.  Paul,  where  we  had  several  dress  parades,  and  then  we 
started  south.  I used  to  stay  very  close  to  the  regiment  in  those  days,  and  was 
never  very  long  from  it. 

March  11th — Friday. — Left  Chicago  at  one  o’clock. 
Changed  cars  at  Milwaukee. 

March  12tli — Saturday. — Arrived  at  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  at  7:00 
A.  M.  Went  into  the  courthouse.  Guards  put  around.  The 
men  ate  breakfast  the  best  they  could.  At  ten  o’clock  Major 
Edson  came  and  told  us  the  people  had  prepared  a good  dinner 
for  us  and  he  had  put  the  guards  around  so  as  to  keep  it  a 
secret.  The  men  were  all  mad  at  the  major,  and  a good  deal 
of  swearing  was  done,  as  they  had  all  just  had  all  they  could 
eat.  We  are  delayed  for  want  of  transportation  — too  much 
ice  in  the  river. 

We  cannot  let  the  Fourth  Minnesota  Volunteers  go  to  their  homes  without 
the  assurance  that  they  have  made  hundreds  of  warm  friends  in  this  city  during 
their  brief  stay.  The  officers  in  command  seem  to  realize  their  duties  and  re- 
sponsibility, and  the  men  respect  them  and  themselves  accordingly.  The 
Fourth  Minnesota  has  been  here  four  days,  and  in  all  that  time  we  have  not 
seen  one  of  their  number  intoxicated,  not  one  of  them  using  profane,  loud  or 
indecent  language  on  the  streets,  not  one  but  acts  like  a true  soldier  and  gen- 
tleman. They  come  and  go,  pass  and  repass,  mind  their  own  business,  and 
the  entire  city  would  fight  in  their  behalf  if  called  upon.  We  congratulate  the 
officers  on  the  good  conduct  of  their  men  and  Minnesota  on  these  heroes  of  a 
dozen  hard  fought  battles.  It  is  a pleasure  to  have  a city  full  of  soldiers  when, 
like  the  Fourth  Minnesota,  every  man  realizes  and  shows  by  his  acts  and  gen- 
tlemanly deportment  that  the  hardships  of  war  have  not  driven  from  the  heart 
the  finer  feelings  of  man  and  that  the  profession  of  arms  is  one  which  produces 
gentlemen  instead  of  loafers.  The  Minnesota  Fourth  has  captured  La  Crosse 
without  firing  a gun.  [Captain  Clarke  of  Company  H sent  us  this  article,  which 


2S6 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


was  written  and  published  by  Mr.  (Brick)  Pomeroy  in  his  newspaper.  It  was 
a long  article  and  gave  a condensed  history  of  the  regiment.  We  omit  the 
most  of  it.  — Ed.] 

March  16th  — Wednesday. — The  ice  being  out  of  the  river  the 
steamboat  Clara  Hine  is  being  prepared  for  our  use  to  take  us 
up  the  river  to  St.  Paul.  We  are  delayed  by  clearing  away  the 
new  ice  that  forms.  It  is  very  cold.  We  embarked  to-day 
on  the  Clara  Hine  and  started  up  the  river.  Arrived  at  Winona 
at  sundown.  We  got  supper  prepared  by  the  ladies  of  the  city. 

March  17th  — Thursday. — Started  at  6:00  a.  m.  and  went  to 
Peed’s  Landing.  Went  to  houses  and  remained  all  night. 
Cold. 

March  18th  — Friday.  — Got  into  wagons  and  went  up  Lake 
Pepin  on  the  ice  to  Ked  Wing.  Very  cold. 

March  19th  — Saturday.  — Went  to  Hastings. 

March  HOth — Sunday.  — Went  to  St.  Paul.  Stopped  in  In- 
gersoll’s  Hall.  Had  dinner  at  the  International  Hotel.  Our 
men  will  be  furloughed  for  thirty  days,  to  report  at  St.  Paul  on 
April  23d. 

March  Hist — Monday.  — Sly  says:  “At  five  o’clock  got  our 
furloughs  and  started  for  home.  Several  of  us  hired  a team 
and  traveled  all  night.  Went  bjT  way  of  St.  Anthony  Falls  to 
Shakopee.” 

Of  the  Fifth  Iowa,  Comrade  J.  Q.  A.  Campbell  of  Company 
B,  Fifth  Iowa,  writes  us: 

I do  not  remember  when  your  regiment  and  ours  separated,  but  think  it  was 
when  we  left  you  at  Huntsville,  about  the  last  of  March,  to  go  home  on  veteran 
furlough.  After  we  came  back  we  were  at  Decatur  along  the  Memphis  & Charles- 
ton railroad,  and  at  and  near  Kingston,  Ga.,  until  mustered  out  — us  veterans 
going  into  the  Fifth  Iowa  Cavalry.  We  veterans,  after  the  others  had  gone 
home  and  before  we  went  into  the  cavalry,  went  on  an  expedition  from  Kings- 
ton to  Chattanooga,  up  into  east  Tennessee,  back  to  Chattanooga,  and  to 
Stevenson,  to  Tullahoma,  back  to  Stevenson,  west  through  Huntsville  to  De- 
catur, north  to  Athens,  Ala.,  and  west  to  Duck  river,  after  Wheeler’s  cavalry, 
which  had  been  sent  north  from  Atlanta. 


CHAPTER  XII. 


Return  from  “Vet.”  Furlough  — Roster  of  Those  Returning — Our  Trip  Back 
to  Huntsville — List  of  Sick  and  Wounded  in  Hospitals — Roster  of  the 
Third  Division  — Leave  Huntsville  for  Kingston  — Great  Suffering  from 
Heat  on  the  Road ; Men  and  MulesSunstruckanda  Caisson  Explodes — Em- 
barked on  Cars  at  Stevenson  — Arrive  at  Kingston  — March  to  Allatoona  and 
Garrison  the  Post — Historic  Ground  — Description  of  Surrounding  Coun- 
try— Engine  Thieves — Roster  of  Third  Division  and  also  of  Field  and  Staff, 
Army  of  the  Tennessee- — Expedition  Up  the  Railroad  — Officers  Getting 
There;  Governor  Miller  Commissions  Six  Citizens  Second  Lieutenants, Who 
Recruit  Thirty  Men  Each  to  Fill  up  the  Ranks  of  the  Regiment,  so  Our 
Officers  Can  be  Promoted,  and  Violates  the  Plighted  Faith  of  the  State  to 
Its  Soldiers — Great  Injustice  and  Dissatisfaction — “Atlanta  Ours  and 
Fairly  Won”  — Summary  of  Campaign — Hood’s  Army  Circles  Around 
Ours  — Our  Non-Veterans  Want  Their  Discharges  and  Can’t  Get  Them; 
Are  Kept  in  to  Swell  the  Numbers  so  Officers  Can  be  Promoted  — French’s 
Division  Strikes  Our  “ Cracker  Line  ” at  Big  Shanty  and  Destroys  It;  Cap- 
tures Big  Shanty  and  Acworth;  Marches  for  Allatoona. 


April  22d — Friday.  — The  following  table  shows  the  number 
of  officers  and  men  returning  to  the  front: 


Commission’d 

Officers. 

Enlisted 

Men. 

Aggregate. 

6 

9 

8 

2 

21 

23 

1 

14 

25 

15 

1 

16 

17 

26 

26 

29 

29 

1 

10 

11 

2 

29 

31 

9 

33 

35 

2 

24 

26 

22 

22 

17 

241 

258 

April  23d — Saturday.  — The  regiment  assembled  at  St. 

Paul. 


2SS 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


April  34-th — Sunday.  — Left  St.  Paul  on  the  steamboat  Itasca 
at  6:00  a.  M.  for  Cairo,  at  which  place  we  are  directed  to  report 
for  orders. 


Reported  for  Orders. 

Remaining  Behind. 

17 

15 

266 

9 

Enlisted  men  — convalescents 

10 

Absent  without  leave  (one  officer  and 

22 

33 

315 

57 

The  regiment  was  paid  to  February  29th,  excepting  Compa- 
nies A and  I and  field  and  staff,  paid  by  Maj.  E.  S.  Kemble, 
Chaplain  Fiske,  Quartermaster  Sergeant  Goding  and  Musician 
Davis  not  present  and  Commissary  Sergeant  Woodward  paid 
and  then  sent  to  hospital  with  descriptive  roll. 

April  25th — Monday.  — Beached  Winona  at  10:00  a.  m.  At 
four  o’clock  in  the  afternoon  proceeded  down  the  river.  Ar- 
rived at  La  Crosse  at  dark  and  continued  down  the  river.  Dr. 
Wedel  reported  for  duty  at  Winona. 

April  26th — Teusday. — Arrived  at  Dunleitli  at  5:00  a.  m. 
Debarked  and  went  into  the  depot.  At  eight  o’clock  we  got 
on  the  cars  and  started  for  Cairo. 

April  28tli  — Thursday. — Arrived  at  Cairo  at  twelve  o’clock. 
At  six  o’clock  we  embarked  on  the  steamboat  Armada  and 
started  up  the  Ohio  river. 

April  29tli  — Friday. — Arrived  at  Smithland.  Debarked.  At 
dark  we  embarked  on  the  steamer  J.  M.  McCoombs  and 
started  up  the  Cumberland  river. 

April  30th  — Saturday. — Arrived  at  Fort  Donelson  at  eight 
o’clock.  Arrived  at  Clarksville  at  two  o’clock. 

The  following  is  a list  of  sick  and  wounded  reported  in  hos- 
pitals in  adjutant  general’s  report  for  1864,  page  612,  on  April 
22d : 

In  hospital  at  Keokuk,  Iowa. — Company  B — Judson  Burrows;  Michael 
Hemerick,  finger  off,  on  duty.  Company  F — A.  H.  Cottrell,  Ole  Ellingson, 
on  furlough.  Company  G — Joseph  Blair,  gunshot  wound;  Andrew  Eich- 
mezer,  sent  to  his  regiment ; Jacob  E.  Tenvoorde,  George  Weggemann,  sent 
to  his  regiment.  Company  H — Mathias  Barts,  pneumonia.  Company  I — 
C.  C.  McIntyre.  At  hospital  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  near  St.  Lou>s,  Mo. — 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


289 


Company  B — Samuel  J.  Fuller,  on  duty  in  dispensary.  Company  D — 
Thomas  Darling,  discharged.  Company  I — Moses  T.  McGrew;  Alfred  J.  Moler, 
on  furlough. 

May  1st — Sunday. — Arrived  at  Nashville  this  morning.  De- 
barked. Marched  through  the  city  to  the  semiuary. 

May  2d  — Monday. — At  six  o’clock  three  companies  got  on 
the  cars  and  started  for  Huntsville.  Arrived  at  eight  o’clock. 
Went  by  way  of  Decatur.  We  are  ordered  on  provost  duty 
at  Huntsville  by  General  Logan,  who  now  commands  the 
Fifteenth  Army  Corps. 

May  Ipth — Wednesday. — The  rest  of  the  regiment  arrived. 
May  5th — Thursday. — Marched  through  the  city  and  camped 
in  the  edge  of  town,  in  the  old  camp  of  the  Seventeenth  Iowa. 
Warm.  Good  water. 

Roster  of  Third  Division,  Fifteenth  Army  Corps,  Brig.  Gen.  John  E. 
Smith  Commanding,  in  the  Month  of  May,  1861. 

FIRST  BRIGADE  (AT  HUNTSVILLE,  ALA.)  — COL.  J.  1.  ALEXANDER. 

Fifty-ninth  Indiana  Infantry.  Eighteenth  Wisconsin  Infantry. 

Forty-eighth  Indiana  Infantry.  Sixty-third  Illinois  Infantry. 

Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry. 

SECOND  BRIGADE  (AT  LARKINSVILLE,  ALA.) — COL.  GREEN  B.  RAUM. 

Fifty-sixth  Illinois  Infantry.  Eightieth  Ohio  Infantry. 

Seventeenth  Iowa  Infantry.  Company  E,  Twenty-fourth  Missouri 

Tenth  Missouri  Infantry.  Infantry. 

THIRD  BRIGADE  (AT  DECATUR,  ALA.)  — COL.  B.  D.  DEAN. 

Twenty-sixth  Missouri  Infantry.  Tenth  Iowa  Infantry. 

Fifth  Iowa  Infantry.  Ninety-third  Illinois  Infantry. 

CAVALRY. 

Fifth  Ohio  Cavalry.' 

Company  F,  Fourth  Missouri  Cavalry. 

ARTILLERY. 

Company  D,  First  Missouri  Light  Artillery. 

Sixth  Wisconsin  Battery. 

Twelfth  Wisconsin  Battery. 

May  18tli — Wednesday. — Cannonading  in  the  direction  of 
Madison  Station.  The  regiment  did  provost  duty  in  the  city. 

19 


290 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 

About  this  time  came  reports  that  a large  cavalry  force  of  the  enemy  had 
passed  around  our  left  flank,  evidently  to  strike  this  very  railroad  somewhere 
below  Chattanooga,  I therefore  re-enforced  the  cavalry  stationed  from  Resaca 
to  Cassville,  and  ordered  forward  from  Huntsville,  Ala.,  the  infantry  division 
of  Gen.  John  E.  Smith  to  hold  Kingston  securely. — [. Sherman’s  “ Memoirs."] 

May  81st  — Tuesday. — Regiment  paid  by  Maj.  Win.  N.  Mc- 
Iutire,  to  include  April  30,  1864.  All  of  field  and  staff  paid 
except  Fiske,  Goding  and  Woodward.  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Tourtellotte  received  pay  afterward  to  May  31st,  as  did  Sur- 
geon Wedel  (also  from  Major  Mclntire). 

Monthly  Return  for  3Iny,  1864. — Field  and  staff,  11;  Company  A,  48;  B,  45; 
C,  49;  D,  46;  E,  54;  F,  54;  G,  46;  H,  59;  I,  55,  K,  49;  total,  516. 

Colonel  Alexander,  who  commands  our  brigade  and  also 
the  post,  has  bis  headquarters  in  the  courthouse.  The  division 
headquarters  is  in  the  bank  building,  which  is  a massive  stone 
edifice  of  great  architectural  beauty  and  tasteful  design.  As- 
sistant Surgeon  Wedel  is  acting  as  post  surgeon. 

June  15th  — Wednesday. — Very  warm  weather. 

June  16th  — Thursday. — The  Third  Brigade,  Fifteenth  Army 
Corps,  came  to  Huntsville  at  10:00  p.  m.  We  expect  to  start 
for  Atlanta  to-morrow. 

June  19th — Sunday. — Had  inspection  at  7:30  a.  m. 

June  20th  — Monday. — We  received  orders  to  he  ready  to 
march  on  the  twenty-second.  Captains  Morrill  and  Lev.  Well- 
man went  out  on  skirmish  drill.  Lev.  soon  returned.  Heavy 
shower  in  the  evening. 

June  21st  — Tuesday. — Captain  Morrill  went  out  again  on 
skirmish  drill.  Had  dress  parade.  Heavy  rain. 

June  22d — Wednesday. — We  marched  from  Huntsville  with 
the  Third  Division,  Fifteenth  Army  Corps,  at  6:00  A.  M., 
through  the  city  and  out  on  the  Chattanooga  road.  Rested  at 
10:30  A.  M.  for  half  an  hour  and  arrived  at  Brownsborough 
[population,  1880,  100]  at  12  m.  Crossed  Flint  river  on  the 
railroad  bridge  and  bivouacked  just  east  of  that  stream  and 
within  two  miles  of  Brownsborough.  Nothing  occurred 
worthy  of  note  during  the  day.  Cloudy  and  cool  during  the 
forenoon  and  the  roads  were  good  though  a trifle  muddy.  The 
sun  came  out  very  hot  in  the  afternoon  as  we  lay  quietly  in  the 
shade.  Distance  marched,  eleven  miles. 


II.  K.  Makcyes.  4 John  Frank.  7 George  \V.  Keiniioel.  10  John  Buhsley. 

2 W.  S.  Kimball.  5 John  W.  Morse.  8 Charles  Heliierg.  11  Jacob  Nibbles. 

3 O.  H.  WiiEy.  6 Washington  Muzzy.  9 Frederick  Bracklesberg.  12  Edward  A.  Whitcomb. 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


291 


June  23d — Thursday. — Our  brigade  being  in  the  rear  of  tbe 
division  did  not  move  out  until  7:00  a.  m.,  and  then  tbe  road 
was  so  blocked  with  the  division  train  that  we  did  not  get  fairly 
in  motion  until  nearly  eight  o’clock.  We  halted  at  the  spring. 
We  reached  Paint  Rock  Station  [population,  1880,  60],  Jack- 
son  county,  Alabama,  about  3:00  p.  m.,  after  a very  hot  and 
fatiguing  march,  as  the  train  was  constantly  checking  us  up. 
Crossed  a small  river  to  the  east  bank  and  camped  at  4:00  p.  M. 
Sly  says:  “Several  men  were  sunstruck.  I was  partially  sun- 

struck  and  fainted.  The  men  opened  my  clothes  and  poured 
water  on  me.”  Distance  marched,  sixteen  miles. 

June  24-th — Friday. — Reveille  at  3:30  a.  m.  The  division 
started  at  4:30  a.  m.  We  marched  at  5:45  A.  M.,  the  Third 
Brigade  leading,  followed  by  the  First  Brigade  and  our  regi- 
ment leading  the  First.  We  marched  rapidly  during  the  fore- 
noon, reaching  Larkinsville  [population,  1880,  300]  about  noon. 
Two  of  our  men  were  sunstruck  and  all  suffered  severely 
from  the  intense  heat.  After  resting  about  an  hour  we 
pushed  on  to  a point  one  mile  west  of  Scottsborough  [popula- 
tion, 1880,  800],  Jackson  county,  Alabama,  where  we  halted 
for  the  night.  Morrill  says:  “Seven  men  were  killed  by  the 
explosion  of  a caisson  in  the  Twelfth  Wisconsin  Battery,  and 
one  man  also  in  the  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  by  an  accidental  shot.” 
Our  men  are  worn  out — not  one-half  of  the  regiment  in  line  at 
night.  Two  officers  (Graham  and  Isaac)  and  seventy-six  men 
on  picket.  Kittredge  says:  “One  of  the  Sixty -third  Illinois 
Infantry  was  instantly  killed  by  the  accidental  discharge  of  a 
gun  as  the  regiment  was  stacking  arms.  Seventeen  officers 
and  267  men  effective  force.  Seventeen  miles  to-day.” 

June  25tli — Saturday. — Reveille  at  3:00  a.  m.  One  man  of 
the  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  was  buried  before  daylight.  The  di- 
vision left  camp  at  4:00  A.  M.,  the  First  Brigade  leading.  Our 
regiment  was  rearguard  for  the  brigade  train  and  started  out 
at  a little  before  five.  Passed  through  Bellefonte  [population, 
1880,  150],  Ala.,  at  9:00  A.  M.  Roads  mostly  good,  but  the 
heat  is  fearful  and  many  fell  out  on  the  march.  Several  of 
them  were  sunstruck,  as  were  also  some  of  the  mules.  Reached 
a creek  three  miles  southwest  of  Stevenson  [population,  1880, 


292 


HISTORY  OP  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


800],  Ala.,  at  4:00  p.  m.  Crossed  and  encamped.  We  are  near 
the  Tennessee  river.  Found  that  our  orders  had  been  changed 
and  that  we  were  not  to  take  the  cars  at  once,  as  we  had 
expected  to  do.  We  are  in  an  orchard  with  plenty  of  shade. 

June  26th — Sunday.  — Had  green  apple  sauce  for  breakfast 
with  our  army  bill  of  fare.  Rested  in  camp  all  day  making 
preparations  to  move  on  by  rail.  A good  many  men  went  down 
to  Crane  creek  and  took  a bath.  T he  rear  brigade  came  in  about 
9:00  A.  M.  The  weather  is  very  hot.  On  the  twenty-seventh 
we  remained  in  camp  all  day.  Very  hot. 

Jane  28th  — Tuesday.  — Still  in  camp,  but  expect  to  move  to 
day.  It  looks  like  rain.  Hope  it  will,  for  it  is  fearfully  hot. 
Captain  Morrill  detailed  for  picket  officer  to-morrow. 

Jane  29th  — Wednesday.  — Morrill  went  on  picketat  7:00  a.  m., 
relieving  Captain  Gibbons  of  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana.  Mor- 
rill was  relieved  at  one  o’clock  to  start  for  Stevenson.  Left 
camp  at  1:00  p.  m.  on  Crane  creek  and  marched  to  Stevenson, 
arriving  at  8:00  P.  M.  During  the  afternoon  the  stores  were 
loaded  and  the  trains  were  sent  out  one  after  another.  We 
spent  the  entire  night  on  the  platform  waiting  our  turn  to  start. 
Two  trains  of  wounded  passed  up  the  road,  among  whom  were 
some  of  the  Second  Minnesota  Infantry. 

June  30tli — Thursday.  — Got  on  the  cars  at  4:30  a.  m.  with 
the  Eighteenth  Wisconsin.  Reached  Bridgeport  at  5,  White- 
side  at  6:30  a.  M.  and  Chattanooga  at  8:30  A.  m.  Remained 
thereuntil  3:30  P.  M.,  when,  having  changed  cars,  we  started 
on  toward  Kingston.  Passed  near  Middle  Hill,  where  our 
division  was  engaged  in  November  last,  and  then  on  to  Chicka- 
mauga  Depot,  Tunnel  Hill,  etc.  Road  quite  smooth  and  no 
trouble  from  guerrillas,  though  a constant  watch  was  kept  for 
them.  Passed  corner  post  between  the  states  of  Alabama, 
Georgia  and  Tennessee  just  at  sundown.  Hot.  Arrived  at 
Ringgold  [population,  1880,  436]  at  7:00  p.  m. 

July  1st — Friday. — Daylight  found  us  still  on  the  road  a 
little  above  Resaca,  Ga.  [population,  1880,  191],  where  we  ar- 
rived at  5:00  a.  m.  We  kept  on  slowly,  passed  through  Adairs- 
ville  [population,  1880,  500],  ten  miles  from  Kingston  [popula- 
tion, 1880,  488],  Ga.,  and  arrived  at  Kingston,  Bartow  county, 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


293 


about  9:00  a.  m.,  where  we  disembarked  in  pursuance  of 
orders.  Had  a very  heavy  shower.  The  Second  Brigade 
went  to  Resaca  and  the  Third  Brigade  to  Rome  [popu- 
lation, 1880,  6,000].  Our  First  Brigade  will  remain  here. 

July  2d — Saturday. — Our  regiment  is  camped  in  front  of  the 
depot.  We  had  a heavy  shower  last  night,  and  now,  at  9:00 
A.  m.,  it  still  rains.  We  expect  to  remain  here  for  some  time. 

July  3d — Sunday. — Sent  one  hundred  and  twenty  prisoners 
to  Chattanooga.  Our  regiment  is  doing  provost  and  fatigue 
duty*  in  Kingston.  Very  hot. 

The  railroad  depot  here  at  Kingston  was  built  of  stone,  and 
by  direction  of  Colonel  Tourtellotte,  S.  B.  Brown  of  Company 
B of  our  regiment  and  another  man,  who  was  a member  of  the 
Twelfth  Wisconsin  Battery,  commenced  to  cut  loopholes 
through  the  walls  of  the  building  for  the  infantry  to  fire 
through,  so  that,  if  necessary,  the  troops  could  use  the  building 
as  a fort.  The  regiment  moved  away  before  the  loopholing 
was  completed. 

July  4-th — Monday. — This  is  the  dullest  Fourth  of  July  that 
we  ever  had.  A good  drink  of  whisky  was  all  that  we  had  to 
regale  ourselves  with.  A year  ago  to-day  we  were  marching 
into  Vicksburg. 

July  5th — Tuesday. — Captain  Morrill  went  on  picket  at  9:00 
A.  M.  and  Maj.  Thomas  A.  McNaught  of  Fifty-ninth  Indiana, 
the  officer  of  the  da}r,  visited  him. 

July  6th — Wednesday. — Nothing  new. 

July  8th — Friday. — Some  of  the  Second  Minnesota  Infantry 
under  Major  Uline  went  past  for  Chattanooga  with  prisoners. 
We  got  sugar  to-day’ . 

July  10th  — Sunday. — Had  a fine  shower.  Our  train  came 
from  Chattanooga  and  Captain  Hotchkiss,  Second  Minnesota 
Light  Battery,  called  while  on  his  way  to  the  front. 

July  11th — Monday. — Remained  in  camp.  Had  dress  parade. 
Received  orders  in  the  evening  to  march  at  5:00  A.  M.  to-morrow 
and  we  made  all  preparations  accordingly.  No  news  from  the 
front.  Adjutant  Kittredge  says:  “I  received  notice  from 

Senator  Ramsey  that  my  nomination  as  captain  and  assistant 
adjutant  general  was  confirmed  by  the  Senate  on  the  thirtieth 
of  June.” 


294 


HISTORY  OP  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


July  12th — Tuesday. — Marched  east  at  5:30  a.  m.  with  the 
rest  of  the  First  Brigade,  the  Fifth  Ohio  Cavalry,  Eightieth  Ohio 
Infantry,  Twenty-sixth  Missouri  Infantry  and  the  entire  divi- 
sion train  and  artillery.  Passed  through  Cassville  [population, 
1880,  175],  Bartow  county,  Georgia,  about  8:30  A.  M.,  then 
turned  nearly  south.  \Ye  stopped  to  rest  at  12:00  m.  Passed 
through  Cartersville  [population,  1880,  2,037]  about  2:00  p.  m. 
and  bivouacked  one  and  a half  miles  south  of  the  town  near 
the  Etowah  river.  It  was  very  hot  to-day  and  the  latter  part 
of  the  march  was  very  dusty.  At  9:00  p.  m.  we  received  orders 
directing  the  Fourth  Minnesota,  Eighteenth  Wisconsin,  Eigh- 
tieth Ohio,  Twelfth  Wisconsin  Battery  and  fifty  of  the  Fifth 
Ohio  Cavalry  to  proceed  to  Allatoona  at  six  in  the  morning, 
relieve  the  troops  there  and  garrison  the  place.  Capt.  George  A. 
Clarke  of  Company  H was  assigned  to  duty  to-day  as  provost 
marshal,  Third  Division,  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  J.  E.  Smith.  Dis- 
tance marched  to-day,  twelve  to  fourteen  miles. 

Jidy  13th — Wednesday. — Left  at  6:00  a.  m.  for  Allatoona — 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Tourtellotte,  as  the  senior  officer,  taking  com- 
mand of  the  troops  — in  the  following  order:  Detail  Fifth  Ohio 
Cavalry,  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry,  Twelfth  Wisconsin  Bat- 
tery, Eighteenth  Wisconsin  Infantry,  ambulances  and  train; 
Fifth  Ohio  Cavalry  as  rearguard.  We  reached  Allatoona  at 
9:00  a.  m.;  distance,  six  miles.  Here  at  Allatoona  we  relieved 
the  Fourteenth  and  Fifteenth  Illinois  and  Third  Iowa  Infantry. 
Our  regiment  moved  into  camp  and  supports  the  Twelfth  Wis- 
consin Battery.  Weather  very  hot.  The  right  wing  of  our 
regiment  is  on  the  east  side  and  the  left  wing  on  the  west  side 
of  the  railroad  cut.  [This  day’s  record  is  the  last  one  made 
in  the  diary  of  Adjutant  Kittredge,  and  he  doubtless  left  the 
regiment  soon  to  join  General  Sanborn  in  Missouri.  The 
Fourteenth  and  Fifteenth  Illinois  were  captured  by  French’s 
division  on  the  third  or  fourth  of  October  at  or  near  to  Big 
Shanty. — Ed.] 

July  IJptli — Thursday. — We  can  see  from  here  the  mountains 
of  Kenesaw,  Black  Jack,  Lost  and  Wild  Cat.  Lieut.  Samuel 
W.  Russell  began  to  act  as  regimental  adjutant  to-day,  Kit- 
tredge as  post  adjutant. 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


295 


July  16th — Saturday. — Our  band  played  very  nicely  in  the 
evening.  Company  K were  all  on  duty  to-day. 

July  17th — Sunday. — Received  ninety-seven  conscripts  from 
Minnesota  to-day.  Clayton  and  Wellman  came  with  them. 
[On  this  date  Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston  was  superseded  in 
command  of  the  rebel  army  by  Gen.  J.  B.  Hood.] 

July  18th — Monday. — Weather  quite  cool  to-day.  The  sut- 
ler (Davis)  came  down  from  Cartersville.  Could  hear  cannon- 
ading in  the  direction  of  Atlanta. 

July  20th — Wednesday. — Letters,  dated  in  Minnesota  July 
5th,  came  to-day. 

Atlanta  is  forty  miles  south.  Marietta  is  on  the  south  side 
of  Kenesaw  Mountain  and  twenty  miles  distant.  Big  Shanty 
is  on  the  north  side  of  Kenesaw  and  twelve  miles  south.  It 
was  at  Big  Shanty  where,  on  April  22,  1862,  twenty  Federal 
soldiers  in  disguise  and  under  the  leadership  of  J.  J.  Andrews, 
a citizen  from  Kentucky,  but  a spy  for  General  Mitchell, 
seized  the  engine  “General”  and  three  freight  cars,  and  un- 
coupling them  from  the  rest  of  the  train  when  the  crew  and 
passengers  were  in  to  breakfast,  escaped  with  them  up  the 
railroad  toward  Chattanooga,  intending  to  burn  the  bridges 
on  the  route  and  thus  aid  General  Mitchell  in  his  movement 
against  Chattanooga.  After  running  the  captured  train  about 
a hundred  miles  they  were  forced  to  abandon  it  just  north  of 
Ringgold  and  about  twenty  miles  from  Chattanooga,  without 
having  accomplished  their  purpose,  and  while  trying  to  make 
their  escape  across  the  country  into  the  Union  lines  they  were 
all  captured  and  eight  of  them  hanged  as  spies. 

July  22 d — Friday. — The  great  battle  of  Atlanta  was  fought 
to-day  and  Gen.  James  B.  McPherson  was  killed.  Gen.  John 
A.  Logan  assumed  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee. 

Roster  of  the  Third  Division,  Fifteenth  Army  Corps  — Brig.  Gen. 

John  E.  Smith  Commanding. 

FIRST  BRIGADE  — COL.  JESSE  I.  ALEXANDER  OF  THE  FIFTY-NINTH  INDIANA 

COMMANDING. 

Fifty-ninth  Indiana,  Lieut.  Col.  Jeff.  K.  Scott. 

Forty-eighth  Indiana,  Lieut.  Col.  Edward  J.  Wood. 

Sixty-third  Illinois,  Col.  Joseph  B.  McCown. 

Eighteenth  Wisconsin,  Lieut.  Col.  C.  H.  Jackson. 

Fourth  Minnesota,  Maj.  James  C.  Edson. 


296 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


SECOND  BRIGADE  — COL.  GREEN  15.  RAUM  OF  THE  FIFTY-SIXTH  ILLINOIS 

COMMANDING. 

Seventeenth  Iowa,  Col.  Clark  B.  Weaver. 

Tenth  Missouri,  Col.  Francis  C.  Deimliug  [was  adjutant  of  this  regiment 
at  Iuka.] 

Fifty-sixth  Illinois,  Lieut.  Col.  John  P.  Hall. 

Eightieth  Ohio,  Lieut.  Col.  Preu.  Metham. 

THIRD  BRIGADE— COL.  B.  D.  DEAN  OF  THE  TWENTY-SIXTH  MISSOURI  COM- 
MANDING. 

Twenty-sixth  Missouri,  Lieut.  Col.  James  M.  Fall. 

Ninety-third  Illinois,  Lieut.  Col.  Nicholas  C.  Boswell. 

Tenth  Iowa,  Col.  Paris  P.  Henderson. 

Fifth  Iowa,  Col.  Jabez  Banbury. 

All  of  this  division  was  guarding  communications  along  the 
line  in  the  rear  during  the  battle  of  Atlanta. 

Roster  of  Field  and  Staff  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  July, 

1864. 

MAJ.  GEN.  WM.  T.  SHERMAN  COMMANDING  MILITARY  DIVISION  OF 
THE  MISSISSIPPI. 

Capt.'  L.  M.  Dayton,  assistant  adjutant  general;  Capt.  T.  G.  Baylor, 
ordnance  officer;  Lieut.  Col.  Chas.  Ewing,  assistant  inspector  general;  Capt. 
J.  C.  Audenried,  aid-de-camp;  Capt.  O.  M.  Poe,  engineer;  Capt.  J.  C.  McCoy, 
aid-de-camp;  Brig.  Gen.  W.  F.  Barry,  chief  of  artillery;  Col.  Willard  Warner, 
inspector  general;  Col.  E.  D.  Ivittoe,  medical  director;  Lieutenant  Marshall, 
Captain  Menitt,  Capt.  J.  C.  McCoy. 

MAJ.  GEN.  JAMES  B.  M’PHERSON  COMMANDING  ARMY  OF  THE  TENNESSEE. 

Lieut.  Col.  W.  T.  Clark,  assistant  adjutant  general;  Lieut.  Col.  W.  E. 
Strong,  assistant  inspector  general;  Capt.  Andrew  Hickenlooper,  chief  of  artil- 
lery; Capt.  D.  H.  Gile,  aid-de-camp;  Captain  Buel,  chief  of  ordnance;  Maj.  L. 
S.  Willard,  aid-de-camp;  Captain  Reece,  chief  engineer;  Capt.  G.  R.  Steele, 
aid-de-camp;  Colonel  Boucher,  medical  director;  Lieutenant  Colonel  Wilson, 
Dr.  Duncan,  Capt.  K.  Knox,  commissary  of  musters;  Captain  Howard,  Signal 
Corps;  Colonel  Conklin,  quartermaster. 

MAJ.  GEN.  JOHN  A.  LOGAN  COMMANDING  FIFTEENTH  ARMY  CORPS. 

Maj.  R.  R.  Towne,  assistant  adjutant  general;  Maj.  John  R.  Hotalling, 
chief  of  staff ; Maj.  Thos.  D.  Maurice,  chief  of  artillery;  Capt.  John  S.  Hoover, 
aid-de-camp;  Capt.  H.  N.  Wheeler,  aid-de-camp;  Maj.  John  M.  Woodworth, 
medical  inspector;  Capt.  Fred  Whitehead,  aid-de-camp;  Maj.  E.  O.  F.  Roller, 
medical  director;  Capt.  F.  C.  Gillette,  aid-de-camp;  Capt.  W.  B.  Pratt,  aid- 
de-camp;  G.  A.  Kloberman,  chief  engineer;  Lieut.  Col.  Chas.  E.  Morton,  Maj. 
L.  E.  York,  commissary  of  musters;  Col.  J.  S.  Wilson,  Capt.  W.  H.  Barlow; 
Capt.  L.  B.  Mitchell,  ordnance  officer. 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


297 


MAJ.  GEN.  G.  M.  DODGE  COMMANDING  SIXTEENTH  ARMY  CORPS. 

Maj.  J.  W.  Barnes,  assistant  adjutant  general;  Capt.  Ed.  Jonas,  aid-de- 
camp;  Maj.  W.  H.  Rose,  chief  of  artillery;  Capt.  Geo.  E.  Ford,  aid-de-camp; 
Capt.  H.  L.  Burnham,  provost  marshal;  Lieut.  George  Tichenor,  aid-de-camp; 
Lieut.  N.  R.  Park,  ordnance  officer;  Col.  J.  J.  Phillips,  aid-de-camp;  Maj. 
Norman  Gay,  medical  director;  Lieut.  Col.  D.  F.  Tiedman,  chief  engineer; 
Capt.  J.  K.  Wing,  assistant  commissary  of  musters;  Capt.  Thos.  C.  Fuller- 
ton, assistant  adjutant  general;  Capt.  C.  C.  Carpenter,  chief  of  staff;  Capt. 
W.  H.  Chamberlain,  assistant  commissary  of  musters;  Capt.  Wm.  Kossett, 
engineer. 

MAJ.  GEN.  F.  P.  BLAIR  COMMANDING  THE  SEVENTEENTH  ARMY  CORPS. 

Lieut.  Col.  A.  J.  Alexander,  assistant  adjutant  general;  Capt.  Rowland  Cox, 
assistant  inspector  general;  Capt.  A.  G.  Bean,  A.  S.  M. ; Lieut.  Col.  E.  M. 
Joel,  chief  quartermaster;  Capt.  J.  H.  Wils,  chief  of  staff;  Capt.  W.  C.  Ide, 
commissary  of  musters;  Maj.  J.  H.  Bamber,  medical  director;  Maj.  John  F. 
Chase,  chief  of  artillery ; Capt.  W.  J.  Murray,  ordnance  officer. 

MAJ.  GEN.  JOHN  A.  LOGAN  COMMANDING  ARMY  OF  THE  TENNESSEE, 
jdly  2‘2d  to  27th. 

Fifteenth  Corps  — Brig.  Gen.  Morgan  L.  Smith. 

Sixteenth  Corps — Maj.  Gen.  G.  M.  Dodge. 

Seventeenth  Corps — Maj.  Gen.  F.  P.  Blair,  Jr. 

July  23d — Saturday.  — Captain  Morrill  went  on  picket  on  the 
old  Alabama  road.  The  body  of  Maj.  Gen.  James  B.  McPher- 
son passed  Allatoona  to-day  on  its  way  north.  AYe  can  hear 
heavy  cannonading  toward  Atlanta.  Four  hundred  rebel  pris- 
oners went  north. 

July  24-th — Sunday.  — Some  hard  fighting  at  Atlanta  to-day. 
A train  of  wounded  went  north.  AYeather  quite  cool. 

July  25tli — Monday.  — The  left  wing  of  our  regiment  moved 
over  the  track  and  joined  the  right  wing.  Camped  on  the 
ground  taken  out  of  the  railroad  cut.  It  was  quite  cool  last 
night,  but  is  warm  again  to-day. 

July  27th — Wednesday.  — Had  a fine  shower.  Ho  news  from 
the  front.  Quite  cool  at  night.  On  this  day  Maj.  Gen.  0.  0. 
Howard  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Army  of  the 
Tennessee,  relieving  Maj.  Gen.  John  A.  Logan,  who  resumed 
command  of  the  Fifteenth  Army  Corps. 

July  31st  — Sunday.  — Had  a heavy  rain  this  afternoon.  Ho 
news  from  the  front.  A train  went  north  with  three  hundred 
prisoners. 


29  S 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


Return  for  the  Month  of  July,  1864.  — Enlisted  men  present  for  duty,  362;  on 
extra  and  daily  duty,  54;  sick,  16.  Commissioned  officers  present  for  duty, 
11 ; on  extra  and  daily  duty,  6;  sick,  1.  Aggregate  present,  450. 

Remarks.  — Tourtellotte,  on  special  duty,  commanding  Post  Allatoona  since 
July  14,  1864.  Kittredge,  on  special  duty  as  post  adjutant  since  July  14, 
1864.  One  hundred  drafted  men  and  substitutes  received  July  17,  1864. 
Transferred  W.  S.  Longstreet,  Company  C,  July  10,  1864,  to  non-commissioned 
staff;  Edwin  J.  Huntington,  Company  C,  May  1,  1864,  to  Veteran  Reserve 
Corps;  August  E.  Whitney,  Company  D,  May  1,  1864,  to  Veteran  Reserve 
Corps;  Truman  Booth,  Company  H,  July  1,  1864,  to  Company  B;  John  Frank, 
Company  K,  July  1,  1864,  to  Company  B;  O.  S.  Wiley,  Company  K,  July  1, 
1864,  to  Company  D;  Edward  Whitcomb,  Company  K,  July  1,  1864,  to 
Company  D.  Killed  by  accident — Enoch  F.  Smith,  July  8,  1864  (conscript), 
drowned;  Charles  Koecher,  July  17,  1864,  on  Western  & Atlantic  railroad,  run 
over  by  cars.  These  two  men  were  not  of  any  company.  Samuel  W.  Russell, 
acting  regimental  adjutant  since  July  14,  1864. 

August  1st  — Monday.  — Morrill  on  picket  on  Cartersville 
road.  No  news.  More  rain.  Weather  very  hot.  Blackber- 
ries are  ripe  and  plentiful. 

August  4-th  — Thursday.  — Received  mail  from  Minnesota  to- 
day dated  July  24th. 

August  6th  — Saturday.  — Major  Rhodes  paid  the  regiment 
to-day.  Heavy  rain.  A part  of  the  regiment  went  to  Mari- 
etta [population,  1880,  2,227]  to  drive  some  cattle.  We  were 
paid  tor  the  months  of  May  and  June. 

August  8th — Monday. — A train  ran  off  the  track  at  the 
depot  and  broke  a man’s  leg.  Clothing  received  and  issued. 

August  13tli  — Saturday. — Had  inspection  by  Lieutenant 
Warren.  Warm. 

August  14-th  — Sunday. — Received  orders  that  Companies  F, 
G and  K will  march  to  Etowah  bridge.  Arrived  at  11:00  p.  m. 
Distance,  six  miles. 

August  loth — Monday. — Reveille  at  8:00  a.  m.  Marched 
back  to  Allatoona,  arriving  at  8:30  a.  m.  Hot.  The  Ninety-third 
went  north  on  the  cars. 

August  16th  — Tuesday. — Report  from  Sherman  that  we  will 
be  attacked  before  night.  The  wires  are  cut  between  us  and 
Cartersville.  Warm. 

August  18th  — Thursday. — The  Ninety -third  Illinois  came 
back.  At  tattoo  (evening  roll  call),  Companies  I,  G,  K,  F and 
B went  out  on  a scout  on  the  old  Alabama  road  and  came  back 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


299 


in  the  night.  Hot.  Capt.  Thos.  P.  Wilson,  assistant  quarter- 
master, is  in  charge  of  the  field  hospitals  at  Marietta. 

Young  says: 

At  9:00  p.  m.  (on  August  22d)  orders  were  received  from  General  Sherman 
to  send  all  the  available  men  at  Allatoona  up  the  road  toward  Chattanooga  to 
resist  a threatened  invasion  of  the  road  by  the  rebel  General  Wheeler’s  command . 
In  one  hour  Companies  A and  I,  under  command  of  Capt.  E.  U.  Russell  of  Com- 
pany A,  with  three  days’  rations,  were  on  board  cattle  cars  and  started  for  the  seat 
of  trouble.  Arriving  at  Dalton  we  found  Wheeler  had  been  there  and  destroyed 
all  he  could.  We  repaired  the  road  and  moved  on.  There  was  damage  done 
at  other  points  along  the  line,  but  nowhere  so  much  as  at  Dalton.  Arriving  at 
Chattanooga,  the  command,  which  now  assumed  the  proportions  of  a provisional 
brigade,  under  command  of  Maj.  Gen.  J.  B.  Steedman,  moved  up  the  valley  of 
the  Tennessee  river  as  far  as  Madisonville.  There  was  somewhat  of  skirmish- 
ing, but  no  regular  engagements.  From  here  we  were  ordered  back  to  Chatta- 
nooga and  thence  to  Decherd  and  Elk  River  stations  on  the  Nashville  & Chatta- 
nooga railroad.  At  Elk  River  Companies  A and  I manned  one  of  the  forts, 
which  mounted  three  guns — a twelve-pounder  rifle,  an  eighteen-pounder 
howitzer  and  a three-inch  smooth-bore.  We  had  plenty  of  ammunition  but  no 
drilled  artillerists  except  the  writer,  who  had  at  Fort  Ridgely  a course  of 
three  weeks’  artillery  drill  under  Ordnance  Sergt.  John  Jones  of  the  Fourth 
United  States  Artillery — not  much  of  an  outfit  for  the  work  in  hand.  A detail 
of  twenty-seven  men  was  made  to  man  these  guns,  and  to  me,  who  had  never 
fired  a shotted  gun,  was  assigned  the  duty  of  drill  master.  The  squads  were 
drilled  assiduously,  and  after  afew  days  felt  that  they  could  cope  with  cavalry,  if 
not  too  strong.  Soon  after  this  the  two  companies  of  the  Fourth  were  ordered 
to  Cumberland  Tunnel,  Tenn.,  four  miles  from  Cowan  Station  and  about  thirty 
miles  from  Elk  River.  Here  we  again  had  an  encounter  with  Wheeler’s  advance, 
but  nothing  occurred  beyond  the  exchange  of  a few  dozen  shots.  On  the  eigh- 
teenth of  September  we  were  placed  on  the  cattle  cars  again  and  taken  to  Chat- 
tanooga and  from  thence  to  Allatoona,  Ga. , where  we  arrived  September  22d,  after 
an  absence  of  just  one  month,  and  thus  ended  the  raid  after  Wheeler  in  east 
Tennessee.  On  our  arrival  at  Allatoona  we  found  what  deprived  six  men  in  the 
Fourth  Minnesota  of  captains’  commissions.  We  found  an  addition  of  twenty 
recruits  to  each  company  and  a civilian  with  a second  lieutenant’s  commis- 
sion in  command,  thus  debarring  men  who  had  earned  promotion  by  years  of 
faithful  service  from  their  just  rights. 

Comrade  Young  is  in  error  as  to  the  companies  which  went 
on  the  expedition  north.  The  report  says  Companies  A,  D and 
a part  of  Iv. 

While  the  regiment  was  here  at  Allatoona,  Stephen  A. 
Miller,  Governor  of  Minnesota,  was  requested  by  officers  of  our 
regiment  to  issue  second  lieutenants’  commissions  to  six  per- 
sons when  they  recruited  thirty  men  each  to  fill  up  the  ranks 


300 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


of  the  regiment.  The  object  of  this  request  was  to  increase 
the  number  of  men  in  the  regiment.  The  number  of  men  had 
been  reduced  to  such  an  extent  that  no  more  officers  could  be 
promoted  until  more  men  joined.  The  regiment  already  had 
all  the  officers  it  was  allowed  for  the  number  of  men. 
Officers  had  been  sent  to  Minnesota  at  different  times  on  re- 
cruiting service,  but  few  recruits  had  been  received,  prin- 
cipally from  the  fact  that  for  an  officer  to  go  home  on  that  duty 
meant  a “soft  snap”  for  him,  and  as  he  already  had  his  com- 
mission it  made  but  little  difference  to  him  whether  he  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  any  or  not.  But  if  some  of  the  non-com- 
missioned officers  who  were  entitled  to  promotions  had  been 
sent,  and  told  that  their  promotions  depended  on  their  success, 
we  believe  that  the}'  would  have  got  the  men.  Miller  set  the 
process  to  work  to  till  the  regiment  and  six  civilians  received 
recruiting  commissions,  labored  and  got  thirty  men  each,  and 
secured  the  coveted  prizes.  This  action  on  the  part  of  Miller 
violated  the  plighted  faith  of  the  State  of  Minnesota  to  its  sol- 
diers in  the  Held,  and  we  believe  was  the  only  instance  during 
the  war  when  citizens  were  commissioned  as  officers  into  old 
Minnesota  regimental  organizations. 

Lieut.  J.  G.  Janicke  writes  as  follows  of  Governor  Miller’s 
issuing  the  second  lieutenants’  commissions  to  six  citizens: 

I suppose  that  was  to  give  us  old  sergeants  who  had  served  in  other  organiza- 
tions a chance  for  promotion.  We  were  commissioned  on  Aug.  20,  1864,  and 
were  required  to  raise  the  men  (thirty  each)  by  Sept.  5,  1864  Second  Lieuten- 
ant Wood  had  not  before  been  in  service.  He  took  the  first  lot  of  recruits  from 
Fort  Snelling.  Lieutenants  Dooley  and  Janicke  took  the  second  lot  down.  We 
left  the  fort  about  September  10th.  We  could  not  muster  in  in  Minnesota. 
Our  recruits  had  to  first  be  mustered  into  the  companies  in  the  regiment, 
which  would  make  men  enough  to  create  a vacancy  in  the  grade  of  second 
lieutenant  and  then  we  could  muster  in.  We  had  to  pay  for  our  own  trans- 
portation and  subsistence  to  the  regiment.  The  Eighty- third  Illinois  guarded 
our  men  from  Indianapolis  down.  As  the  men  had  been  paid  big  money  as 
national  and  local  bounty,  or  as  substitutes,  it  was  feared  some  of  them  would 
jump  the  bounty,  and  two  of  them  did.  Our  welcome  at  Allatoona  by  Edson 
and  Tourtellotte  was  a very  pleasant  affair.  They  spoke  in  high  praise  of  the 
fine  body  of  men  who  had  come  to  re-enforce  the  regiment.  There  was  still  a 
large  body  of  recruits  under  Lieutenants  Douglas,  Plowman  and  Chewning  at 
Snelling.  They  came  as  far  as  Chattanooga  on  October  5th,  when  they  got 
news  of  the  battle. 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


301 


The  faithful  old  non-commissioned  officers  — some  of  whom 
had  served  as  such  from  the  beginning  of  their  service  — and 
privates  felt  outraged  at  these  proceedings,  and  they  tried  to 
make  it  lively  for  these  new  officers  during  their  terms  of  ser- 
vice. They  felt  that  they  ought  to  have  been  sent  home  and 
given  an  opportunity  to  get  the  recruits  and  thus  secure  the  pro- 
motions which  they  themselves  were  entitled  to. 

Returns  for  the  Month  of  A ugust,  1864. — Enlisted  men  present  for  duty,  261; 
on  extra  and  daily  duty,  49;  sick,  35.  Commissioned  officers  present  for  duty, 
14;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  3.  Aggregate  present,  362;  aggregate  present  and 
absent,  597. 

Remarks. — Ninety-eight  drafted  men  joined  the  regiment  August  1st.  W. 
T.  Kittredge,  honorable  discharge  to  accept  promotion  as  assistant  adjutant 
general,  Aug.  12,  1864,  by  Special  Orders,  No.  101,  Headquarters  Department 
and  Army  of  the  Tennessee.  Of  the  drafted  men  Company  A got  12;  B,  16; 
C,  9;  D,  13;  E,  2;  F,  3;  G,  12;  H,  7;  I,  12;  K,  9.  Scouting  parties  sent  out 
frequently  during  the  month.  Four  commissioned  officers  and  eighty-one  men, 
detachments  of  Companies  A,  D and  K,  sent  to  Chattanooga  Aug.  22,  1864, 
Unofficially  informed  that  they  have  been  sent  to  Cowan  Station,  on  the  Nash- 
ville & Chattanooga  railroad,  to  guard  the  road  at  that  point.  Asa  A.  Fiske, 
assistant  superintendent  of  contrabands  at  Memphis.  Tenn.,  since  Jan.  29,  1863. 

Behind  the  old  hotel  here  at  Allatoona,  which  was  used  as 
post  headquarters,  there  was  a long  stone  building,  and  a 
line  of  loopholes  was  cut  through  the  wall  on  its  back  side  by 
S.  B.  Brown  of  Company  B of  our  regiment  and  a stonecutter 
wdio  belonged  to  the  Twelfth  Wisconsin  Battery,  under  the 
supervision  of  Lieut.  George  M.  D.  Lambert,  so  that,  if  neces- 
sary, the  building  could  be  used  as  a defense  against  any  assault 
made  by  the  enemy. 

A summary  of  the  campaign  against  Atlanta  shows,  that 
General  Sherman,  with  about  ninety-eight  thousand  men  and 
254  cannon,  in  the  beginning  of  May  began  his  campaign  from 
Chattanooga.  Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  with  about  fifty 
thousand  men,  opposed  his  advance.  Dalton  was  evacuated 
May  12th;  Resaca,  May  15tli;  Cassville,  May  19th;  Dallas, 
May  25th  and  28th;  Allatoona  Pass,  June  1st.  Marietta  was 
occupied  b}7  Sherman  July  3d.  On  July  17th  Johnston  was 
relieved  of  the  command  of  the  rebel  army  by  Gen.  John  B. 
Hood,  who  assumed  the  offensive.  The  rebels  made  desperate 
attacks  on  the  Union  lines  on  July  20th,  22d  and  28th,  in 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


which  they  were  repulsed  with  heavy  losses.  General  Sher- 
man began  his  flank  movement  around  Atlanta  on  the  night 
of  August  25th.  On  the  night  of  the  twenty-sixth  the  Fif- 
teenth and  Seventeenth  Corps,  composing  the  Army  of  the 
Tennessee,  moved  out  of  their  trenches.  On  the  twenty-eighth 
the  army  reached  the  West  Point  railroad.  On  the  thirty-first 
it  was  before  Jonesboro,  and  the  enemy,  moving  out  against  the 
Fifteenth  Corps,  was  repulsed.  On  the  night  of  September  1st 
Hood’s  army  evacuated  Atlanta  to  fall  back  on  Macon,  after 
burning  all  of  their  war  material  that  they  could  not  transport. 
The  losses  of  General  Sherman’s  army  from  Chattanooga  until 
the  occupation  of  Atlanta  were  thirty  thousand  four  hun- 
dred men  and  fifteen  guns;  the  rebel  loss  is  reported  as 
forty-two  thousand  men,  forty  or  fifty  cannon  and  twenty-five 
thousand  stand  of  small  arms.  [Atlanta  became  the  capital  of 
the  state  upon  the  adoption  of  the  new  constitution  in  1868. 
—Ed.] 

September  2d — Friday. — Last  night  the  enemy  evacuated 
Atlanta  and  our  forces  occupied  it  this  morning. 

September  3d — Saturday. — One  man  of  Company  B (Zeiberth) 
was  taken  prisoner  to-day.  Heavy  rain  and  quite  cool. 

September  5th — Tuesday. — Captains  Clarke  and  Morrill  went 
up  to  Cartersville.  Warm. 

September  6th — Wednesday. — Clarke  and  Morrill  returned. 

September  7th — Thursday. — A train  of  rebel  prisoners  went 
north. 

September  8th — Friday. — The  rebels  captured  eight  teams 
and  fifty  men  within  two  miles  of  Marietta,  but  not  of  our 
regiment. 

September  10th — Sunday. — Letters  received  from  Minnesota 
dated  August  29th. 

September  14-th — Wednesday. — We  received  to-day  one  hun- 
dred volunteers  from  Minnesota. 

September  16th — Friday. — One  hundred  more  recruits  arrived 
to-day. 

September  18th — Sunday. — We  received  to-day  seventy-seven 
volunteers  from  Minnesota.  Cool. 

September  20tli — Tuesday. — The  recruits  were  assigned  to 
the  companies. 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


303 


September  22d — Thursday. — Captain  Morrill  and  Lieut.  Sam 
Russell  started  for  Atlanta  to-day  at  4:00  a.  m.  They  went 
down  about  three  miles  and  discovered  that  the  rebels  had 
torn  up  half  a mile  of  track  and  driven  off  sixty  head  of 
cattle.  They  returned  to  camp.  AVet  weather.  Companies 
A and  D and  a part  of  K returned  to  the  regiment. 

Capt.  T.  P.  AVilson,  acting  quartermaster,  after  the  evacua- 
tion of  Atlanta  was  assigned  to  duty  with  General  Dodge  as 
chief  quartermaster  of  the  Sixteenth  Army  Corps.  In  the 
reorganization  of  the  army,  preparatory  to  the  march  to  the 
sea,  the  part  of  the  Sixteenth  Corps  about  Atlanta  was  merged 
into  the  Fifteenth  and  Seventeenth  corps  and  AVilson  was  then 
assigned  to  duty  as  chief  quartermaster  of  the  Fourth  Division, 
Seventeen  Army  Corps,  and  in  that  capacity  accompanied  the 
army  to  Savannah  and  Goldsboro.  This  division  was  com- 
manded by  Gen.  Giles  A.  Smith. 

September  23d — Friday. — At  Cartersville,  Ga.,  John  G. 
Janicke  and  Ahimaaz  E.  AVood  were  to-day  mustered  into  the 
regiment  as  second  lieutenants,  muster-in  to  date  from  Sep- 
tember 20th.  AVere  mustered  by  George  AV.  Hill,  captain  Thir- 
teenth Infantry,  United  States  Army,  and  assistant  commis- 
sary of  musters  Third  Division,  Fifteenth  Army  Corps. 

September  24-th — Saturday. — Morrill  started  for  Atlanta  at  1:00 
p.  m.  Got  there  at  10:00  p.  m.  and  put  up  at  the  Trout  House. 

September  25th  — Sunday. — Capt.  T.  P.  AVilson,  assistant  quar- 
termaster, took  Captain  Morrill  on  a ride  around  the  city  of 
Altanta. 

September  26th  — Monday. — Captain  Morrill  got  back  to 
Allatoona  in  the  night. 

September  27th — Tuesday. — The  most  of  the  regiment  went 
to  Marietta  to  guard  a wagon  train. 

September  28th — Wednesday. — The  regiment  returned  on  the 
cars.  Communications  cut  between  Nashville  and  Stevenson. 

September  30th — Friday. — The  rebels  tore  up  the  track  at  Big 
Shanty.  We  hear  that  Hood  is  across  the  Chattahoochie. 

Returns  for  Month  of  September,  1864. — Enlisted  men  present  for  duty,  453; 
on  extra  and  daily  duty,  51;  sick,  80.  Commissioned  officers  present  for 
duty,  21;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  3.  Aggregate  present,  608;  present  and 
absent,  780. 


304 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


Remarks. — On  July  12th  broke  camp  and  marched  from  Kingston,  Ga.,  to 
Cartersville.  Distance,  fifteen  miles.  On  the  following  day  marched  to 
Allatoona,  Ga.,  sis  miles  south.  On  August  22d,  Companies  A,  D and  part  of 
K went  to  Chattanooga  to  guard  railroad,  etc.,  and  returned  on  the  twenty- 
second  of  September. 

October  1st — Sunday. — Eighty  more  recruits  arrived. 

October  lf.th — Wednesday. — The  rebels  are  coming  this  way 
from  Big  Shanty.  They  took  Acworth  at  7:00  A.  M. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 


Battle  of  Allatoona — List  of  Casualties  — Official  Reports  — Personal  Incidents 
— The  Foot-Bridge  — Depth  of  Railroad  Cut  — Letter  from  Postmaster  at 
Allatoona — Poem  — Letter  Sending  Flags  Home  — Description  of  the  Cap- 
tured Flags  — Names  of  Sigaal  Officers  and  Men  at  Allatoona  and  Kene- 
saw — Letters  from  Them  — The  Historic  Messages. 

The  flanking  operations  of  our  array  around  Atlanta,  result- 
ing in  the  defeat  of  the  rebel  corps  under  Hardee  at  the  battle 
of  Jonesboro  on  September  1st,  caused  them  to  retreat  south- 
ward to  Lovejoy’s  Station,  on  the  Macon  railroad.  Our  army 
followed  them  to  that  place  and  in  a few  days  withdrew  to 
Atlanta  and  vicinity.  The  defeat  of  Hardee  caused  Hood  to 
evacuate  Atlanta  on  the  night  of  the  first,  and  early  on  the 
second  Slocum’s  troops  entered  and  took  possession  of  the  city. 
Hood’s  arm}7  marched  southeast  and  on  the  fifteenth  was  con- 
centrated at  Lovejoy’s.  On  the  twenty-first  they  moved  west 
to  Palmetto  Station,  on  the  West  Point  road,  about  twenty-four 
miles  south  of  Atlanta,  and  on  October  1st  were  crossing 
the  Chattahoochie  river  and  marching  for  our  “ Cracker  Line,” 
to  destroy  our  communications  with  the  north.  They  marched 
west  and  north,  circling  around  our  army. 

Lieutenants  C.  II.  Fish,  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and  J.  H. 
Connelly,  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  Fish  being  in  command 
and  assisted  by  Connelly,  were  the  signal  officers  on  Kenesaw 
Mountain.  Early  ou  the  morning  of  October  Sd,  Lieutenant 
Fish  discovered,  from  the  station  on  the  summit  of  Big  Kene- 
saw,  a large  camp  of  mixed  troops,  a few  miles  west  of  Mari- 
etta, near  Lost  Mountain.  The  enemy  had  cut  our  telegraph 
line  that  morning  near  Smyrna.  A six-foot  flag  on  a sixteen- 
foot  staff  was  made  use  of,  and  General  Sherman,  at  Atlanta, 
twenty-one  miles  distant  (air  line),  was  informed  of  the  camp 
at  Lost  Mountain  and  that  they  were  moving  toward  Allatoona. 
He  replied  that  they  were  rebels  and  directed  the  signal  offi- 
cers to  watch  them.  During  the  day  these  troops  traveled  in 
20 


306 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


the  woods  as  much  as  possible,  to  he  screened  from  observation. 
It  was  the  army  corps  of  Lieut.  Gen.  A.  P.  Stewart,  consisting 
of  three  divisions,  and  also  Armstrong’s  brigade  of  cavalry. 
The  rebels  arrived  at  Big  Shanty  on  the  afternoon  of  the  third, 
drove  the  small  garrison  into  the  depot  and  captured  it.  Arm- 
strong’s cavalry  took  post  between  Big  Shanty  and  Marietta 
to  cover  the  work  of  destroying  the  railroad.  Stewart’s  corps 
labored  all  that  night  tearing  up  and  destroying  the  railroad. 
Boring’s  division  moved  on  to  Acworth  and  up  the  road  to 
Allatoona,  Stewart  returning  to  Lost  Mountain  with  the  other 
two  divisions.  Boring’s  orders  were  to  till  “the  cut  at  Alla- 
toona full  of  logs,  brush,  rails,  dirt,  etc.”  He  took  with  him 
twelve  cannon.  (39,  1,  815.) 

Sherman,  divining  Hood’s  plan,  left  the  Twentieth  Corps 
under  Slocum  to  hold  Atlanta  and  put  the  rest  of  his  army  in 
motion  on  the  third  and  fourth,  to  checkmate  the  enemy,  who 
had  “got  the  move  on  him.”  He  probably  saw  the  error  he 
had  made  in  leaving  the  supplies  for  his  army  so  poorly  de- 
fended, for  if  the  rebels  should  capture  them  his  great  cam- 
paign might  come  to  a disastrous  termination.  Hastening  to 
Vining’s  Station  on  the  fourth,  he  sent  a signal  message  over 
the  heads  of  the  enemy  to  the  officer  of  the  signal  station  on 
Ivenesaw  Mountain,  which  was  repeated  from  there  over  the 
rebel  army  to  Allatoona,  and  from  thence  by  telegraph  line  to 
General  Corse  at  Rome,  to  move  at  once  with  his  command  to 
Allatoona.  Sherman  said:  “If  he  (Hood)  moves  up  to  Alla- 
toona, I will  surely  come  in  force.”  Also:  “ Corse,  Rome, 

Get. — Move  with  your  command  to  Allatoona.  Hold  the  place ; 
I will  help  you. — Sherman.”  At  about  8:00  a.  m.  on  the  fifth 
Sherman  was  at  the  signal  station  on  the  summit  of  Ivenesaw 
trying  to  get  a communication  to  and  from  Allatoona,  fourteen 
miles  (air  line)  to  the  north,  to  assure  him  that  re-enforcements 
had  been  received.  The  signal  station  was  a small,  dark  shanty 
into  which  no  light  was  admitted  and  out  of  which  extended 
a telescope.  He  heard  the  distant  noise  of  the  battle,  but  fog 
and  the  smoke  from  the  burning  railroad  obscured  the  vision  so 
that  the  signal  flag  could  not  be  seen.  Finally  the  officer  on 
Ivenesaw  received  the  letters  “ C,”  “ R,”  “ S,”  “ E,”  “ II,”  “ E,” 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


307 


“ R,”  which  he  interpreted  to  mean  “ Corse  is  here,”  and  it  was 
a source  of  great  relief  to  General  Sherman.  The  signal 
messages  that  passed  on  this  occasion  suggested  to  Mr.  Bliss 
the  text  for  the  soul-stirring  gospel  hymn,  “Hold  the  Fort,  for 
I am  Coming!”  Sherman  watched  with  painful  anxiety  the 
smoke  and  listened  to  the  noise  of  the  distant  battle.  The  ex- 
tensive campfires  of  the  main  bodjr  of  Hood’s  army  could  be 
plainly  seen  a few  miles  southwest  in  the  vicinity  of  Dallas  and 
Lost  Mountain,  and  from  the  heights  of  Ivenesaw  he  ordered 
Gen.  J.  D.  Cox  to  march  his  corps  (the  'Mventy-third,  Army 
of  the  Ohio)  west  from  Marietta,  on  the  Burnt  Hickory  road, 
to  interpose  it  between  the  enemy’s  main  army  and  the  force 
attacking  Allatoona,  and  he  started  the  rest  of  his  army  to  the 
relief  of  the  beleaguered  garrison. 

French’s  division,  Maj.  Gen.  S.  G.  French  commanding, 
was  composed  of  Ector’s  brigade,  Col.  W.  H.  Young — Twenty  - 
niutli  and  Thirty-ninth  North  Carolina,  Ninth,  Tenth,  Four- 
teenth and  Thirty-second  Texas,  and  Jaques’  battalion;  Cock- 
rell’s brigade,  Col.  E.  Gates  — First,  Second,  Third,  Fourth, 
Fifth  and  Sixth  Missouri  Infantry,  and  the  First  and  Third 
Missouri  Cavalry;  Sears’  Brigade,  Col.  W.  S.  Barry  — Fourth, 
Seventh,  Thirty -fifth,  Thirty-sixth,  Thirty-ninth  and  Forty- 
sixth  Mississippi.  [We  cannot  say  that  all  of  these  regiments 
were  present  in  the  attack. — Ed.] 

At  Allatoona  there  is  a high, steep  ridge,  having  sharp  spurs  and 
deep  ravines,  and  here  the  Western  & Atlantic  railroad,  running 
northwest  and  southeast,  passes  through  it,  in  a cut  175  feet  in 
depth, ninety-five  of  which  is  through  solid  rock.  The  little  village 
of  Allatoona,  consisting  of  six  or  seven  houses,  stood  mostly  on  the 
southern  side  of  this  hill,  on  the  western  side  of  the  railroad,  and 
two  large  sheds  or  warehouses  at  the  southern  end  of  the  pass, 
on  the  eastern  side  of  the  railroad,  were  filled  with  rations.  Dur- 
ing the  previous  June,  at  the  time  of  the  advance  of  our  army 
on  Kenesaw,  Col.  0.  M.  Poe,  United  States  engineer,  on 
General  Sherman’s  staff,  caused  two  redoubts  to  be  constructed 
on  the  hill,  one  on  each  side  of  the  railroad,  the  one  on  the  western 
side  being  near  to  and  that  on  the  eastern  about  seven  hundred 
feet  distant  from  it.  They  were  located  so  that  each  could  fur- 


SOS 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


nish  some  support  to  the  other  ami  also  protect  the  depot  of  sup- 
plies. The  garrison  at  the  time  of  the  battle  consisted  of  the 
Fourth  Minnesota, Ninety-third  Illinois,  seven  companies  of  the 
Eighteenth  Wisconsin,  Twelfth  Wisconsin  Battery  of  Light  Ar- 
tillery and  fifteen  men  of  the  Fifth  Ohio  Cavalry,  and  according 
to  Tourtellotte’s  report,  numbered  905,  without  counting  the 
batterymen,  whose  number  he  fails  to  give.  The  guns  of  the 
battery  consisted  of  four  ten-pounder  Rodman  rifles  and  two 
twelve-pounder  brass  howitzers,  and  they  were  equally  divided 
between  the  two  forts.  The  trees  had  been  felled  from  the 
crest  and  down  the  steep  sides  of  the  hill,  to  afford  a wider 
range  for  the  artillery,  and  the  camp  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota 
was  made  on  the  narrow  crest  so  the  men  would  be  in  easy  sup- 
porting distance  of  the  guns  in  case  of  an  attack.  A dozen 
steps  from  the  tents  of  the  regiment  one  could  look  down  the 
steep  side  of  the  hill  and  the  ration-sheds,  stationhouse  and 
building  used  as  headquarters  of  the  post  were  almost  at  your 
feet.  The  scenery  is  wild  and  beautiful  — hill,  valley  and  ravine 
intersecting.  The  view  from  the  hill  extends  for  a distance  of 
twenty-five  miles.  The  Allatoona  range  of  mountains  rises  a 
few  miles  to  the  north,  and  away  off  to  the  east  is  avast  moun- 
tainous chain.  On  the  eastern  side,  half  a mile  away,  Alla- 
toona creek,  sparkling  in  the  sun,  winds  its  way  across  the 
deep  valley.  The  western  flank  is  protected  by  the  Pumpkin- 
Vine,  and  these  two  creeks  flowing  to  the  north  empty  into  the 
Etowah  river  about  three  miles  apart.  In  a military  point  of 
view  the  position  is  one  of  great  natural  strength  and  was  well 
chosen  as  a depot  for  supplies.  The  warehouses  contained  over 
a million  rations  of  hard  bread,  and  across  the  Etowah  river,  five 
miles  to  the  north,  there  was  a government  herd  of  nine  thous- 
and head  of  cattle.  On  the  fourth  the  troops  saw  the  ascend- 
ing smoke  of  the  burning  railroad  and  heard  the  musketry  of 
the  small  garrison  at  Acworth,  and  all  night  long  the  lurid 
flames  of  rebel  campfires  and  the  burning  ties  of  the  road  lit 
up  the  greenwood  of  the  forest  and  shone  upon  the  cloudy  sky 
and  the  bold  outline  of  Kenesaw  Mountain.  Sherman’s  signal 
message  to  Corse  at  Rome,  thirty-five  miles  from  Allatoona, 
to  move  with  his  troops  to  the  pass,  was  received  by  him  on  the 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


309 


fourth,  and  at  1:00  A.  M.  of  the  fifth  a freight  train  of  twent}7 
cars  arrived  containing  a part  of  the  brigade  of  Col.  Richard 
Rowett,  consisting  of  the  Seventh  and  Fiftieth  Illinois  and 
Thirty-ninth  Iowa,  and  also  a part  of  the  Twelfth  Illinois  In- 
fantry. These  numbered  1,054,  and  with  Tourtellotte’s  890 
made  the  total  number  for  the  defense  1,944.  [Tourtellotte’s 
report  makes  his  number  more;  we  give  the  number  as  in 
Sherman’s  “ Memoirs.”]  Another  train  of  about  ten  freight  cars 
was  loaded  and  started,  but  the  rails  spread  and  it  could  not 
proceed  in  time.  Corse’s  train  was  soon  unloaded  and  then 
backed  up  to  Kingston.  On  arrival  Corse  and  his  troops  took 
possession  of  the  works  on  the  western  side.  At  about  2:00 
o’clock  A.  M.  a sharp  rattle  of  musketry  on  the  main  road  lead- 
ing from  the  south  told  that  trouble  had  begun.  The  enemy 
attacked  our  outposts  and  drove  them  back  on  the  reserves;  the 
seven  companies  of  the  Eighteenth  Wisconsin  were  then  sent  out 
and  they  held  the  line  until  three  hours  after  daylight.  Mean- 
time, during  the  night,  Captain  Towle  of  Company  E,  Fourth 
Minnesota,  was  sent  out  with  a part  of  his  company  to  hold  a 
road  running  to  the  north.  Before  dawn  of  day  the  rebels 
planted  eleven  cannon  about  a mile  away,  upon  and  near  to  the 
Acworth  road  running  from  the  south.  Early  in  the  morning  a 
shell  was  fired  at  them  by  Lieut.  Samuel  E.  J ones  of  the  battery  at 
our  eastern  redoubt,  and  the  scampering  of  men  and  jumping 
of  horses  as  it  exploded  and  dismounted  one  of  their  guns, 
caused  the  hills  to  resound  with  the  cheers  of  our  soldiers. 
The  enemy  quickly  replied  and  our  boys  soon  shot  them  out 
of  the  field.  They  withdrew  to  the  cover  of  the  woods’,  set 
their  “dogs  of  war”  and  made  it  lively  for  us. 

A brisk  artillery  duel  was  kept  up  until  about  8:00  A.  M. 
The  most  of  their  shells  exploded  high  in  the  air  beyond  our 
troops  and  none  were  killed  or  wounded  by  them.  They 
killed,  however,  twenty-seven  of  the  battery  horses.  At 
about  half-past  eight  a major  bearing  a flag  of  truce  approached 
our  works  on  the  west,  and  General  Corse  received  from  him 
the  following  written  summons  to  surrender: 

Abound  Allatooxa,  Oct.  5,  1864. 

Commanding  Officer,  United  States  Forces,  Allatoona:  I have 
placed  the  forces  under  my  command  in  such  positions  that  yon  are  sur- 


310 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


rounded,  and  to  avoid  a needless  effusion  of  blood  I call  on  you  to  surrender 
your  forces  at  once  and  unconditionally.  Five  minutes  will  be  allowed  you  to 
decide.  Should  you  accede  to  this,  you  will  be  treated  in  the  most  honorable 
manner  as  prisoners  of  war. 

I have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully  yours,  . 

S.  G.  French, 

Major  General,  Commanding  Confederate  Forces. 

General  Corse’s  reply,  in  writing,  was: 

Headquarters  Fourth  Division,  Fifteenth  Corps. 

Allatoona,  Ga.,  8:30  a.  m.,  Oct.  5,  1864. 

Maj.  Gen.  S.  G.  French,  Confederate  States,  etc.  : Your  communica- 
tion demanding  surrender  of  my  commaud  I acknowledge  receipt  of,  and 
respectfully  reply  that  we  are  prepared  for  the  “needless  effusion  of  blood” 
whenever  it  is  agreeable  to  you. 

I am,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

John  M.  Corse, 

Brigadier  General , Commanding  United  States  Forces. 

General  French  in  his  report  states  that  he  received  no  reply 
to  his  summons  to  surrender.  The  reply  was  delivered  to  his 
officer,  but  the  enemy  began  the  assault  at  once  and  that 
perhaps  is  the  reason  why  he  did  not  receive  it. 

Previous  to  and  during  this  time  the  enemy  was  busy  mov- 
ing his  troops  into  position  on  the  south,  west  and  north,  and 
the  Thirty-fifth  and  Thirty-ninth  Mississippi  regiments  of  in- 
fantry, having  crossed  the  railroad  to  the  north  and  rear  of  our 
position,  advanced  on  our  skirmishers.  At  9:00  A.  M.,  Captain 
Towle’s  company  being  hard-pressed,  he  asked  for  help  and 
Company  K,  under  Captain  Morrill  and  Lieut.  George  Baird, 
was  sent  to  its  support.  The  captain  deployed  his  company 
as  skirmishers.  He  writes: 

I posted  my  men  on  the  east  side  of  the  railroad  cut;  had  been  there  about 
thirty  minutes  when  I discovered  in  front,  about  a thousand  yards  away,  a 
brigade  of  rebels  coming  down  the  mountain.  Between  them  and  myself 
there  was  a ridge  that  ran  off  to  a point  so  far  to  my  right  that  I could  not  see 
any  person  passing,  and  to  my  left  was  a deep  railroad  cut  and  I could  not  have 
any  view  of  men  passing  up  the  track.  Shortly  after  the  rebels  came  down  off 
the  mountain  into  the  valley  I saw  an  officer  (Maj.  R.  J.  Durr,  Thiity-ninth 
Mississippi)  directly  in  front  of  me  with  a white  handkerchief  tied  to  his 
sword  and  advancing  toward  me  saying,  at  the  same  time,  “Do  you  not 
know  that  there  has  been  a flag  of  truce  sent  in  to  your  commanding  officer 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTE Y VOLUNTEERS. 


311 


demanding  your  surrender?”  I replied  very  emphatically,  “No.  What 
do  you  want?  Do  you  want  to  surrender?”  He  replied,  “I  do  not.”  I 
then  said  to  him  that  he  had  better  drop  down  out  of  sight,  as  my  hoys  were 
not  feeling  very  friendly  just  then  toward  them.  While  engaged  with  him  in 
this  conversation,  the  rebels  were  moving  around  both  to  the  right  and  left 
of  us.  In  the  meantime  I had  sent  out  a man  in  both  directions,  and 
they  came  back  quickly,  reporting  to  me  that  we  were  being  surrounded  by 
the  enemy.  Losing  no  time,  I rallied  my  men,  saying,  “Boys,  follow  me!” 
My  weight  being  much  less  at  that  time  than  now  and  not  caring  for  grass  to 
get  much  of  a start  under  our  feet,  I think  we  made  the  home-stretch  in  pretty 
fair  time.  We  were  pressed  by  the  Thirty-fifth  and  Thirty-ninth  Mississippi 
regiments.  I found  Major  Durr  a fine,  pleasant,  gentlemanly  kind  of  a man. 
He  wrote  his  name  in  my  diary — all  the  token  I have  in  remembrance  of 
him. 


Lieut.  Geo.  Baird  had  command  of  the  right  of  the  com- 
panv. 

The  members  of  several  companies  of  the  Seventh  Illinois 
Infantry,  at  an  expense  of  fifty-one  dollars  to  each,  had  armed 
themselves  with  the  Henry  rifle,  a sixteen-shot  magazine  gun, 
and  did  fearful  execution  in  the  ranks  of  the  advancing  enemy, 
who  at  once  charged  and  began  to  assault  the  works.  They 
threw  themselves  in  heavy  masses  against  our  outer  intreuch- 
ments,  and  after  a desperate  hand-to-hand  struggle  fairly 
pushed  our  men  from  their  rifle-pits.  They  entered  the  town 
and  the  building  occupied  as  headquarters;  they  clung  to  the 
hillsides,  surmounted  the  ridge  and  with  fearful  yells  and  con- 
tinued discharges  of  musketry  came  sweeping  down  the  road 
toward  the  western  redoubt.  On  reaching  the  slight  abatis 
made  of  sharpened  stakes,  not  one  hundred  yards  from  the 
fort,  they  brushed  it  aside,  when  full  in  their  faces  was  hurled 
canister  from  double-shotted  guns,  and  our  infantry,  rising, 
poured  a sheet  of  flame  and  lead  into  their  very  teeth.  This 
dose  was  too  much.  The  charging  column  was  scattered  and 
it  fell  back  to  a ravine  to  rally.  Four  desperate  charges  were 
made  upon  the  western  redoubt,  but  Lieutenant  Amsden’s  men 
stood  manfully  to  their  guns  and  our  infantry  fought  so 
bravely  that  the  charging  columns  were  each  time  repulsed. 

After  the  artillery  ammunition  at  the  western  redoubt  had 
been  expended,  Private  Edwin  R.  Fullington,a  member  of  the 
battery,  crossed  the  narrow,  rickety  foot-bridge  that  spanned 


312 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


the  chasm  to  the  eastern  side  three  times  in  succession,  under 
a direct  fire  from  the  enemy,  and  carried  rations  of  canister 
for  the  guns. 

After  driving  in  our  skirmishers  on  the  eastern  side  the  two 
Mississippi  regiments  boldly  advanced,  but  were  soon  broken 
by  the  fire  of  the  troops  on  that  side  and  one  of  the  ten-pound 
Rodmans,  which  was  run  up  by  hand  to  the  edge  of  the  most 
northern  spur  between  Companies  A and  I of  our  regiment, 
where,  without  any  protection  whatever,  the  detail  of  heroic 
battery  men  poured  their  double-shotted  doses  of  canister  into 
the  howling  enemy,  who  rallied  and  charged  three  or  four 
times  over  the  same  ground,  but  were  as  often  broken  and 
driven  back.  On  their  last  advance  a detachment  charged 
down  the  opposite  declivity  as  if  to  scale  the  ridge,  and  our 
troops  with  fixed  bayonets  made  ready  to  receive  them.  They 
failed  to  come  to  close  quarters,  and  stopping  in  the  gully  down 
in  the  deep  ravine  next  to  the  railroad,  in  front  of  Company 
A,  Fourth  Minnesota,  the}’  found  themselves  in  a trap;  they 
could  not  climb  the  steep  hill  in  their  front,  and  to  retreat 
meant  death  to  the  most  of  them,  and,  after  a show  of  resist- 
ance, they  surrendered. 

A rebel  lieutenant,  maddened  at  their  frequent  repulses,  en- 
tered a house  near  the  railroad  depot  and  seizing  a firebrand 
rushed  for  the  ration-sheds  to  apply  the  torch.  A marksman 
took  good  aim  at  him  and  he  fell  dead,  pierced  by  a bullet 
through  the  centre  of  his  forehead. 

On  finding  they  could  not  succeed  in  capturing  the  works 
by  a direct  assault  they  secreted  themselves  several  deep 
behind  every  stump  and  place  of  shelter  and  kept  up  a mur- 
derous fire.  The  air  literally  rained  bullets.  Hunger  had 
made  them  desperate  and  they  were  fighting  for  food  — had 
believed  it  an  easy  task  to  storm  the  works  and  capture  them 
The  troops  on  the  eastern  side,  being  on  higher  ground,  ren- 
dered great  assistance  to  their  comrades  across  the  track. 
About  11:00  A.  m.  Colonel  Redfield  of  the  Thirty-ninth  Iowa 
was  killed  and  Colonel  Rowett  wounded.  Major  Fisher,  com- 
manding the  Ninety-third  Illinois,  was  severely  wounded  in 
the  side.  At  about  1:00  p.  m.  Geueral  Corse  was  wounded  across 


1864] 


MINNESOTA.  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


313 


the  side  of  his  face,  and  soon  after  Lieutenant  Colonel  Tourtel- 
lotte  was  also  wounded.  Even7  held  officer  on  the  western  side 
with  the  exception  of  two  was  either  killed  or  wounded. 

The  surrender  of  the  detachment  in  the  gully  ended  the 
battle,  and  then  those  who  were  secreted  behind  stumps  and 
in  the  fallen  timber  began  to  make  their  “home-runs,”  and  a 
lively7  fusillade  was  kept  up  at  those  who  dared  to  venture 
forth.  Details  were  now  sent  out  over  the  field  to  gather  in 
the  prisoners  and  wounded.  The  haversacks  of  their  killed 
and  wounded  were  mostly  empty  and  the  prisoners  had  only  a 
few  ears  of  corn  in  their  possession,  with  tin  plates  punched 
full  of  holes  to  grate  the  corn  into  meal.  They  had  a train  of 
over  two  hundred  empty  wagons  in  the  woods  a short  distance 
from  town,  ready  to  carry  off  rations  if  the}7  could  get  them. 
They  told  us  that  French  promised  them  our  rations  by  ten 
o’clock  on  the  morning  of  the  attack.  The  wounded  prisoners 
are  under  a shed  lying  on  beds  of  cotton.  They  look  wretch- 
edly hungry  and  squalid,  as  do  also  their  dead  on  the  field. 
Two  of  their  surgeons  have  been  left  with  us  to  help  care  for 
their  wounded. 

French  had  detached  one  regiment  and  one  cannon  from 
his  command  to  capture  the  blockhouse  at  the  bridge  across 
Allatoona  creek,  about  two  miles  distant,  held  b}7  three  com- 
panies of  the  Eighteenth  Wisconsin  Infantry  under  Captain 
McIntyre,  but  were  unable  to  take  it,  and  after  withdrawing 
from  Allatoona  he  bombarded  it  with  sufficient  artillery,  which 
set  the  building  on  fire  and  would  have  soon  annihilated  the 
small  garrison  had  it  not  surrendered.  At  about  4:00  o’clock 
p.  m.  the  Johnnies  were  in  full  retreat  to  regain  their  main 
army  near  Dallas  and  made  their  escape  before  the  troops  of 
General  Cox’s  corps  could  head  them  off. 

Corse,  in  his  official  report,  stated  the  loss  of  the  enemy  to 
be:  Dead,  231;  prisoners,  411,  and  that  we  captured  three 

regimental  flags  and  eight  hundred  muskets.  Among  the 
prisoners  was  Colonel  Young,  who  commanded  one  of  their 
brigades.  During  several  days  after  Corse’s  troops  left,  a good 
many  of  the  dead  of  the  enemy  wrere  found  scattered  through 
the  woods  and  slashings,  and  Tourtellotte  and  others  estimated 


314 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


that  they  would  number  at  least  one  hundred.  Corse  reported 
our  loss  to  be  — officers  killed,  6;  wounded,  23;  missing,  6; 
enlisted  men  killed,  136;  wounded,  330;  missing,  206.  Total 
loss,  707.  A great  many  of  the  enemy  who  were  slightly 
wounded  went  away  with  their  army.  It  was  estimated  at  the 
time  that  the  enemy’s  entire  loss  would  reach  two  thous- 
and. 

Sherman  says,  in  his  “Memoirs:” 

I watched  with  painful  suspense  the  indications  of  the  battle  raging  there 
and  was  dreadfully  impatient  at  the  slow  progress  of  the  relieving  column, 
whose  advance  was  marked  by  the  smokes  which  were  made  according  to 
orders,  but  about  2:00  p.  M.  I noticed  with  satisfaction  that  the  smoke  of  battle 
about  Allatoona  grew  less  and  less,  and  ceased  altogether  about  4:00  p.  M. 
For  a time  I attributed  this  result  to  the  effect  of  General  Cox’s  march,  but 
later  in  the  afternoon  the  signal  flag  announced  the  welcome  tidings  that  the 
attack  had  been  fairly  repulsed,  but  that  General  Corse  was  wounded.  The 
next  day  my  aid,  Colonel  Dayton,  received  this  characteristic  dispatch: 


Allatoona,  Ga.,  Oct.  6,  1864,  2:00  p.  m. 

Capt.  L.  M.  Dayton,  Aid-de-camp:  I am  short  a cheekbone  and  an  ear, 
but  am  able  to  whip  all  hell  yet!  My  losses  are  very  heavy.  A force  moving 
from  Stitesboro  to  Kingston  gives  me  some  anxiety.  Tell  me  where  Sher- 
man is.  John  M.  Corse, 

Brigadier  General. 

Inasmuch  as  the  enemy  had  retreated  southwest  and  would  probably 
next  appear  at  Rome,  I answered  General  Corse  with  orders  to  get  back  to 
Rome  with  his  troops  as  quickly  as  possible. 

Geo.  E.  Sly  says,  on  October  5th : 

At  1:00  A.  M.  General  Corse  [formerly  colonel  of  the  Sixth  Iowa  Infantry. 
— Ed.J  arrived  with  a part  of  a brigade  from  Rome.  At  two  o’clock  the  rebels 
attacked  our  pickets.  At  daylight  our  battery  opened  on  the  rebel  battery. 
The  rebels  shelled  us  till  nine  o’clock,  then  attacked  us  on  three  sides,  but  were 
repulsed.  The  battle  was  hard  till  three  o’clock,  when  the  rebels  retreated. 
The  regiment  lost  eleven  killed  and  thirty-three  wounded.  The  rebels  in  front 
of  Company  A came  over  a hill  and  into  a hollow.  When  the  rebel  army  re- 
treated these  rebels  surrendered.  Colonel  Tourtellotte  was  wounded.  The 
men  tore  down  the  bunks  to  make  breastworks  along  the  side  of  the  railroad 
cut,  so  as  to  help  the  fort  on  the  west  side  of  the  railroad.  I was  sick  at  the 
time  and  bad  been  for  sometime.  Our  tents  were  all  full  of  holes. 


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1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS, 


315 


The  following  list  was  sent  to  the  St.  Paul  Press  by  Adjt. 
W.  W.  Rich  on  Oct.  6,  1864 : 

LIST  OF  CASUALTIES  OF  THE  FOURTH  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY,  VETERAN  VOL- 
UNTEERS. IN  ACTION  OF  OCT.  5,  1864,  AT  ALLATOONA,  GA  : 


Names. 


Commissioned  Officers  Wounded  — 

John  E.  Tourtellotte 

Daniel  G.  Towle 

E.  P.  Lieberg 

Enlisted  Men  Killed  — 

Geo.  W.  Rogers 

John  Young 

Michael  Kenna 

James  H.  Russell 

John  Penrith 

Charles  Grosser 

Jonathan  J.  Isaac 

Ulrich  Sohn 

John  F.  Teats 

Oscar  Bloss 

Azro  Palmer 

Enlisted  Men  Wounded  — 

Almon  H.  Cottrell 

Miles  Babcock 

John  Casey 

John  Linn 

Michael  Leisar 

Morgan  F.  Moore 

A.  P.  Knowles 

Martin  L.  Webb 

Hans  Chymons 

Henry  Lovell 

John  Hughes 

Albert  Sweet 

Wm.  Hutchinson 

Charles  Brooks 

F.  Bracklesberg 

Anson  Bentley 

John  Buol 

A.  W.  Littlefield 

Andrew  Jamison 

Peter  Selhine 

Sewell  Randall 

Thomas  B.  Jackson 

Hilbert  W.  Rogers 

Ephraim  Dudley 

Andrew  L.  Gish 

Cyrus  C.  Aldrich 

Wayne  Donaldson 

Benjamin  Lang 

Abraham  0.  Hollister 

Edmund  Breset 


Rank. 

Com- 

pany. 

Lieut.  Colonel.. 
Captain 

E 

1st  Lieutenant. 

H 

A 

A 

D 

E 

H 

H 

I 

I 

I 

K 

K 

F 

A 

c 

Private 

c 

c 

c 

D 

D 

F 

F 

F 

F 

G 

G 

H 

H 

H 

H 

H 

H 

Corporal 

i 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

Private 

K 

Private 

K 

Private.... 

K 

Remarks. 


In  thigh;  severely. 

In  right  side  and  arm;  severely. 
In  right  arm ; slightly. 


In  left  arm ; amputated ; died. 
In  left  side;  slightly. 

In  thigh ; severely. 

In  right  wrist. 

In  right  breast;  slightly. 

In  right  breast;  slightly. 

In  left  leg;  severely. 

In  the  arm  ; severely. 

In  thigh;  severely. 

In  foot ; slightly. 

In  cheek ; slightly. 

In  thigh;  slightly. 

In  left  shoulder;  severely. 

In  hip;  slightly. 

In  left  thigh;  severely. 

In  knee;  slightly. 

In  right  breast;  severely. 

In  knee;  severely;  died. 

In  foot;  slightly. 

In  thigh;  slightly. 

In  breast;  since  died. 

In  face;  severely. 

In  breast ; severely. 

In  left  shoulder ; severely. 

In  groin;  since  died. 

In  face ; severely. 

In  left  wrist;  severely. 

In  left  shoulder;  severely. 

In  foot;  severely. 

In  foot;  slightly. 


RECAPITULATION. 


Died. 

Wounded. 

Total. 

3 

3 

13 

28 

41 

Total 

13 

31 

44 

316 


HISTOKY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


Major  Edson’s  Report. 

Headquarters  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry,  Veteran  Volunteers. 

Allatoona,  Ga.,  Oct.  7,  1864. 

Capt.  J.  I!.  Stanford,  Acting  Assistant  Adjutant  General  First  Brigade,  Third 
Division,  Fifteenth  Army  Corps. 

Sir:  I have  the  honor  to  report  the  part  taken  by  my  regiment  in  the  action 

at  this  place  October  5th,  instant.  I had  four  hundred  and  fifty  men  engaged 
in  the  battle,  a part  of  which  were  on  guard  and  skirmished  with  the  enemy 
before  and  after  daylight.  During  the  night  previous  Capt.  D.  G.  Towle  was 
sent  out  with  part  of  his  company  on  the  road  leading  to  the  Allatoona  iron 
works,  with  instructions  to  hold  the  pass  at  the  foot  of  the  bluff  on  the  north 
side  of  the  railroad,  and  iu  case  of  need  to  send  for  assistance.  At  9:00  o’clock 
A.  M.  he  sent  to  me  that  he  was  hard-pressed  and  must  have  immediate  help, 
whereupon  I ordered  Capt.  I.  N.  Morrill  to  join  him  with  his  company,  direct- 
ing him  to  fall  back  if  attacked  by  a heavy  force  to  the  rifle-pits  on  the  hill 
near  our  camp.  This  he  did,  holding  in  check  two  regiments  of  the  enemy,  un- 
til the  remaining  portion  of  my  command,  excepting  two  companies  stationed 
at  the  north  fort,  were  placed  in  position  to  receive  them.  I regret  to  say  that 
Captain  Towle  was  severely  wounded.  Meanwhile  we  were  being  furiously 
shelled  from  the  opposite  direction,  and  also  suffered  a serious  cross-fire  from 
the  enemy  beyond  the  south  fort.  The  two  regiments  of  the  enemy  charged 
with  much  desperation,  but  were  finally  driven  back  with  heavy  loss,  excepting 
small  detachments  of  each  that  pushed  forward  and  took  shelter  in  a narrow 
ravine  near  our  works,  where  we  captured  eighty  prisoners,  includiug  the 
major  commanding  the  Thirty-ninth  Mississippi  Infantry  and  several  line  offi- 
cers, with  the  colors  of  the  Thirty -fifth  and  Thirty-ninth  regiments,  Mississippi 
Infantry  and  123  stand  of  arms.  My  losses  are:  Killed  and  died  of  wounds  — 
enlisted  men,  13;  wounded,  commissioned  officers,  3;  enlisted  men,  28;  total 
wounded,  31;  total  killed  and  wounded,  44.  I cannot  speak  too  highly  of  the 
conduct  of  the  officers  and  men  of  my  command;  all  behaved  like  heroes. 
About  one  hundred  and  sixty  of  my  regiment  were  recruits  who  had  received 
their  arms  only  three  days  before.  They  behaved  most  admirably,  fighting 
with  the  steadiness  of  veterans.  Where  all  did  so  nobly  it  is  impossible  to  dis- 
tinguish individual  acts  of  bravery.  I inclose  a list  of  casualties  in  my  com- 
mand. Very  respectfully,  etc. 

(Official  copy.)  James  C.  Edson, 

W.  W.  Rich,  Major,  Commanding  Regiment. 

First  Lieutenant  and  Adjutant. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Tourtellotte’s  Report. 

Headquarters  Post  Allatoona,  Ga.,  Oct.  7,  1864. 
Lieut.  A.  P.  Vaughn,  Acting  Assistant  Adjutant  General,  Fourth  Division,  Fif- 
teenth Army  Corps, 

Lieutenant:  For  some  two  days  previous  to  the  fifth  of  October,  instant, 

the  enemy  had  been  operating  in  this  vicinity,  especially  on  the  railroad  to  the 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


317 


southward,  but  not  till  the  evening  of  October  4th  did  they  make  any  demon- 
stration against  this  point.  It  then  became  evident  that  they  proposed  to  at- 
tack the  place  in  the  morning.  The  garrison  here  consisted  of  the  Ninety-third 
Illinois  Infantry,  two  hundred  and  ninety  guns,  Major  Fisher  commanding; 
seven  companies  of  the  Eighteenth  Wisconsin  Infantry,  one  hundred  and  fifty 
guns,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Jackson  commanding;  the  Fourth  Minnesota  In- 
fantry, four  hundred  and  fifty  guns,  Maj.  J.  C.  Edson  commanding;  the 
Twelfth  Wisconsin  Battery,  six  guns,  Lieutenant  Amsden  commanding;  and 
fifteen  men  of  the  Fifth  Ohio  Cavalry.  Of  the  effective  force  of  the  Fourth 
Minnesota  Infantry,  one  hundred  and  eighty-five  were  recruits  just  received 
from  the  North.  My  first  unpleasant  apprehensions  weie  that  the  rebels 
would  make  a night  attack,  and  taking  advantage  of  the  darkness,  deprive  me 
of  the  advantage  of  position,  the  fortifications  of  this  place  all  being  on  the 
high  ridge,  while  the  stores  are  collected  on  the  flat  land  at  the  hill’s  base  and 
on  the  south  side,  from  which  direction  the  rebels  were  approaching.  To  pre- 
vent such  approach  I strengthened  the  grand  guard,  barricaded  the  roads  to 
the  south  and  made  preparations  to  fire  a building  which  should  so  illuminate 
the  site  of  the  village  and  stores  that  my  men  could  see  even  in  the  night,  to  a 
considerable  extent,  any  approach  of  the  enemy.  In  this  way  I hoped  to  hold 
the  rebels  till  daylight  when  we  should  have  the  full  advantage  of  our  superior 
position.  About  12  o’clock  M.  I was  not  a little  relieved  by  the  arrival 
of  General  Corse,  with  a brigade,  Fourth  Division,  Fifteenth  Army  Corps. 
About  2:00  o’clock  a.  M.  of  October  5th  the  rebels  charged  upon  my  picket 
lines  and  drove  the  outposts  back  upon  the  reserves.  I immediately  sent  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Jackson,  Eighteenth  Wisconsin  Infantry,  to  deploy  his  com- 
mand and  hold  the  rebels  approaching  on  the  Acworth  and  Dallas  roads  until 
further  orders.  This  he  did  successfully,  remaining  on  the  line  until  the  rebels 
had  wholly  outflanked  and  rendered  his  position  worthless,  when  he  moved 
back  into  the  fortifications.  I placed  the  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry  in  the 
fortifications  on  the  east  side  of  the  railroad  and  sent  out  five  companies  of  the 
Ninety-third  Illinois  Infantry  to  hold  a commanding  point  on  the  road  leading 
to  Pumpkin-Vine  creek.  About  6 :30  A.  M.  the  rebels  opened  on  us  with  artillery, 
with  which  they  kept  up  a fierce  and  continuous  fire  for  more  than  an  hour,  when 
it  temporarily  and  partially  ceased.  At  about  8:30  A.  M.  the  rebel  infantry 
moved  upon  us,  their  line  extending  from  the  railroad  south  of  our  position 
around  on  the  west  to  a considerable  distance  over  and  beyond  the  railroad  on 
the  north.  General  Corse  ordered  two  regiments  of  his  division,  the  Twelfth 
and  Fiftieth  Illinois  Infantry,  into  the  works  east  of  the  railroad,  and  with 
those  regiments,  together  with  the  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry,  he  directed  me 
to  hold  the  position.  About  one-half  hour  afterward,  General  Corse,  to  cover 
a necessary  movement,  ordered  to  the  west  side  of  the  railroad  one  of  the  regi- 
ments left  with  me.  By  some  error  in  communicating  the  order,  both  the 
Twelfth  and  Fiftieth  Illinois  regiments  moved  to  the  other  side  of  the  railroad, 
leaving  the  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry  to  contend  against  the  troops  advancing 
directly  upon  us  from  the  north.  This  from  our  great  advantage  of  position 
we  were  able  to  do,  and  also  to  assist  greatly  the  troops  on  the  west  side  of  the 
railroad  against  rebels  charging  on  them  from  the  north  and  northwest.  About 
10:30  A.  M.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Jackson  brought  four  companies  of,his  regi- 


318 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


ment,  the  Eighteenth  Wisconsin,  to  the  assistance  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota 
Infantry,  the  other  three  companies  of  his  command,  under  Captain  Bruner, 
having  some  time  before  moved  back  into  the  fort  on  the  west  side  of  railroad. 
The  detachment  of  the  Ninety-third  Illinois  Infantry  sent  out  on  the  Pump- 
km-Vine  creek  road  were  moved  back  into  the  fortifications  about  10:00  A.  m. 
There  were  no  further  movements  of  my  command.  From  the  commencement 
of  the  attack  the  contest  was  never  for  one  moment  intermittent.  The  rebels 
moved  forward  with  boldness  and  perseverance,  and  at  length  when  they  did 
withdraw,  at  about  3:00  p.  M.,  they  had  been  so  broken  in  the  contest  they 
withdrew  as  individuals  and  not  as  organizations.  The  rebel  loss  has  been 
heavy.  With  the  conduct  of  my  command  I am  satisfied.  Officers  command- 
ing regiments  and  batteries  labored  bravely  and  faithfully.  The  whole  com- 
mand seemed  determined  to  hold  the  place  at  any  cost,  and  many  brave  deeds 
I saw  that  day.  I have  to  thank  the  officers  and  men  of  my  command  for  the 
earnestness  with  which  they  did  their  duty,  and  especially  do  we  all  most 
heartily  express  our  thanks  to  General  Corse  and  his  command  for  their  oppor- 
tune arrival  and  heroic  conduct.  My  losses  are  considerable  and  are  as  follows: 


Commands. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

Total. 

21 

52 

10 

83 

1 

9 

2 

12 

11 

33 

44 

5 

15 

20 

1 

i 

Total  loss 

38 

no 

12 

160 

Some  seventy  or  eighty  prisoners  were  brought  in  by  my  command,  and  the 
Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry  brought  in  two  rebel  flags. 

I am,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

(Signed)  J.  E.  Tourtellotte, 

Lieutenant  Colonel,  Commanding  Garrison  at  Allatoona. 

Headquarters  Post  Allatoona,  Ga.,  Oct.  8,  1864. 
Special  Orders,  No.  11: 

The  lieutenant  colonel  commanding  desires  to  express  his  thanks  to  the  in- 
dividual officers  and  men  of  his  command  for  the  promptness  and  earnestness 
with  which  they  laid  aside  feelings  of  selfishness  and  devoted  themselves  to  the 
public  service,  Oct.  5,  1864,  at  this  place.  Among  the  ancients  you  would 
be  termed  gods;  with  us,  living  or  dead,  will  be  heroes.  Deport  yourselves  thus 
and  you  will  ever  be  successful.  I am  proud  to  be  in  command  of  such  troops; 
you  may  be  proud  of  yourselves.  Your  services  in  the  campaign  have  been 
important.  Commanding  officers  will  communicate  this  order  to  their  respec- 
tive commands  in  such  way  as  they  may  deem  most  convenient. 

By  order  of  John  E.  Tourtellotte, 

Lieutenant  Colonel , Commanding  Post. 

[Order  No.  11  was  furnished  ns  by  Lieut.  T.  M.  Young  of 
Company  A. — Ed.] 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


319 


After  Allatoona  General  Sherman  issued  the  following 
order : 

The  general  commanding  avails  himself  of  the  opportunity,  in  the  hand- 
some defense  made  of  Allatoona,  to  illustrate  the  most  important  principle  in 
war,  that  fortified  posts  should  be  defended  to  the  last,  regardless  of  the  rela- 
tive numbers  of  the  party  attacking  and  attacked.  The  thanks  of  this  army 
are  due  and  are  hereby  accorded  to  General  Corse,  Colonel  Tourtellotte,  Colonel 
Rowett,  officers  and  men,  for  the  determined  and  gallant  defense  of  Allatoona, 
and  it  is  made  an  example  to  illustrate  the  importance  of  preparing  in  time, 
and  meeting  the  danger,  when  present,  boldly,  manfully  and  well. 

Commanders  and  garrisons  of  the  posts  along  our  railroad  are  hereby  in- 
structed that  they  must  hold  their  posts  to  the  last  minute,  sure  that  the  time 
gained  is  valuable  and  necessary  to  their  comrades  at  the  front. 

Sherman,  in  his  “Memoirs,”  says; 

The  rebels  had  struck  our  railroad  a heavy  blow,  burning  every  tie,  bending 
the  rails  for  eight  miles,  from  Big  Shanty  to  above  Acworth,  so  that  the  esti- 
mate for  repairs  called  for  thirty-five  thousand  new  ties  and  six  miles  of  iron. 
Ten  thousand  men  were  distributed  along  the  break  to  replace  the  ties  and  to 
prepare  the  roadbed,  while  the  regular  repair  party,  under  Col.  W.  W.  Wright, 
came  down  from  Chattanooga  with  iron,  spikes,  etc.,  and  in  about  seven  days 
the  road  was  all  right  again.  [They  destroyed  about  twelve  miles  of  the 
road. — Ed.] 

Personal  Incidents. 

We  have  been  informed  by  different  men,  who  belonged  to 
several  of  the  first  companies  and  whose  terms  of  service  had 
expired  nine  or  ten  days  previous  to  this  battle,  that  they  tried 
to  get  their  discharges  when  they  were  entitled  to  them  and 
could  not  procure  them,  for  the  reason  that  their  membership 
was  needed  to  keep  up  the  numbers  of  the  men  so  that,  with 
the  new  men  who  were  arriving  from  Minnesota  and  joining, 
the  numbers  would  be  increased  sufficiently  to  enable  some  of 
the  officers  to  be  promoted  and  mustered  in.  As  it  was,  the 
numbers  were  too  few  to  admit  of  any  more  promotions.  So 
they  were  kept  in  to  swell  the  numbers.  Our  informants  also 
state  that  Captain  Hill,  the  mustering  officer,  was  at  the  time 
at  Cartersville,  only  a few  miles  distant,  and  that  no  other 
reason  whatever  existed  except  as  stated.  We  will  state  that 
all  men  who  were  enrolled  on  Sept.  26,  1861,  were  en- 
titled to  their  discharges  on  Sept.  26,  1864,  except  those 


320 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


wlio  had  re-enlisted,  and  among  the  number  were  George 
Rogers  and  John  Young  of  Company  A,  who  were  killed  in 
the  battle.  When  General  Sherman  arrived,  our  comrades 
state  that  they  went  to  him  and  told  him  why  they  were  being 
kept  in  the  service  and  when  their  period  of  service  expired, 
and  he  replied  that  he  would  have  it  attended  to  and  they 
should  be  discharged  at  once,  and  on  October  11th  sixty-two 
men  were  discharged.  Thirty-one  of  them  were  present  with 
the  regiment;  the  rest,  absent,  sick  in  hospitals  in  various 
parts  of  the  country. 

During  the  first  part  of  the  battle  the  signal  flag  was  waved 
from  the  top  of  a stump,  some  distance  outside  the  eastern 
redoubt,  but  the  rain  of  iron  and  lead  becoming  too  thick  the 
men  with  the  flag  went  into  the  redoubt  immediately  behind 
Company  B of  the  Fourth  Minnesota  and  waved  it  from  that 
position. 

It  has  been  asserted  by  some  historians  that  Corse  stood  by 
the  signal  officer  and  directed  the  messages  sent  to  Sherman, 
and  while  the  flagman  was  standing  on  a stump  sending  a 
message  a rebel  shot  cut  the  flagstaff  in  two,  etc.  Such  state- 
ments are  not  correct.  We  have  been  permitted  to  copy  the 
following  statement  from  a letter  recently  written  by  General 
Corse : “ I did  not  see  a signal  flag  handled  by  anybody  that  day, 
for  the  reason  that  I was  not  on  the  hill  where  the  signal  flag 
was.”  Adjutant  Rich  says:  “It  was  waved  from  the  redoubt 

on  our  side.”  The  man  who  waved  it  stood  a part  of  the  time 
on  the  embankment  of  the  redoubt. 

My  father,  S.  B.  Brown  of  Company  B,  was  in  the  battle, 
and  informs  me  that  the  signal  flag  was  immediately  behind 
Company  B and  in  the  eastern  redoubt,  “within  twenty  feet  of 
me.  I would  turn  around  every  few  minutes  and  look  at  it.” 

Second  Lieut.  J.  Q.  Adams  of  the  Signal  Corps,  now  cap- 
tain First  Cavalry,  United  States  Army,  was  the  signal  officer 
at  Allatoona.  In  a letter  to  us  of  April  3, 1892,  he  says: 

The  men  who  flagged  the  messages  were  named  McKenzie  and  West.  I do 
not  remember  their  first  names.  There  were  twelve  signalmen  of  the  detach- 
ment; nine  of  them  took  guns  and  went  into  the  intrenchments.  Three  were 
on  duty  with  me  inside  the  fort.  I have  not  copies  of  the  signal  messages  sent 


Samuel  B.  Brown,  Company  B. 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


321 


on  that  memorable  day,  but  it  was  a signal  message  which  brought  the  re- 
enforcements under  General  Corse,  and  just  before  the  fighting  was  too  hot  to 
stop  signaling,  a number  of  messages  had  passed  between  us  and  the  station  at 
Kenesaw.  Lieutenant  Fish  was  there  in  charge  of  the  station.  A message 
from  General  Sherman,  saying,  “Hold  the  fort  at  Allatoona;  I am  working  for 
you,”  is  the  one  on  which  the  popular  hymn  was  written.  This  was  in 
response  to  our  inquiry  asking  where  General  Sherman  was  and  if  re-enforce- 
ments were  coming. 

Frank  A.  West  writes  ns,  in  May,  1892,  that  he  was  formerly 
of  Company  A,  Second  Minnesota  Infantry;  that  he  and 
James  W.  McKenzie,  both  then  of  the  Signal  Corps,  were  at 
Big  Shanty  on  the  evening  of  the  third  when  the  enemy  ap- 
peared; went  to  Acworth  that  night  and  to  Allatoona  on  the 
fourth;  that  in  flagging  the  message  to  Kenesaw  a six-foot  flag 
was  used,  and  he  stood  up  on  top  of  the  embankment  of  the 
redoubt;  that  it  only  took  about  four  minutes  to  flag  the  mes- 
sage; but  that  was  long  enough.  Several  bullets  passed 
through  the  flag,  several  struck  the  staff  near  his  hands  and 
some  went  through  his  clothing.  He  states  that  McKenzie 
used  the  telescope  and  read  the  messages  received  from  Kene- 
saw, and  was  entitled  to  equal  credit  with  himself.  They 
were  both  promoted  for  “bravery,  coolness  and  good  behavior” 
at  that  battle,  in  General  Orders,  Ho.  47,  of  Signal  Corps, 
Washington,  Hov.  30,  1864. 

Adams,  in  his  official  report,  states  that  he  had  moved  over 
to  the  fort  with  his  flag  and  at  about  10:00  a.  m.  told  the  signal- 
men on  Kenesaw  of  Corse’s  arrival;  that  the  message  was 
flagged  under  a sharp  fire;  that  Frank  A.  West  got  upon  the 
works  and  relieved  James  W.  McKenzie  at  the  flag;  that  the 
message  was  long  and  was  flagged  with  remarkable  coolness 
and  accuracy  by  these  two  men;  that  when  the  main  fighting 
had  ceased  and  the  enemy  had  about  all  withdrawn,  R.  0. 
McGinty  and  A.  F.  Fuller  flagged  from  the  top  of  the  fort  a 
message  that  they  held  out  and  Corse  was  wounded.  (32,  1, 
736-740.) 

J.  Willard  Brown,  historian  for  the  Signal  Corps,  says  in  a 
recent  letter  that  “Lieut.  J.  Q.  Adams  was  present  but  too  ill 
to  be  on  duty  that  day,  and  the  reading  and  most  of  the  flag- 
ging was  done  by  Private  James  W.  McKenzie,  formerly  of 
21 


322 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


Carey,  Ohio.  He  was  assisted  by  Private  Frank  A.  West,  de- 
tailed iuto  the  Signal  Corps  from  the  Second  Minnesota.” 

Mr.  A.  D.  Frankenberry  of  Point  Marion,  Pa.,  in  a recent 
letter,  says  that  he  was  one  of  the  Signal  Corps  on  Kenesaw 
at  the  time  mentioned;  that  he  flagged  some  of  the  messages 
and  now  has  in  his  possession  the  identical  flag  used;  that  the 
signal  call  of  Allatoona  was  the  number  “1881.”  He  also  sent 
us  the  message  beginning,  “ Corse,  Rome,  Ga .,”  and  says  it  was 
a repeat  message,  sent  late  in  the  afternoon  of  October  3dfrom 
Atlanta  to  Kenesaw,  signaled  to  Allatoona  and  telegraphed 
from  there  to  Corse. 

Fish  writes  that  James  H.  Sloan  of  his  squad  did  the  flag- 
ging. Connelly  and  his  squad  of  men  belonged  to  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland  and  Fish  and  his  to  the  Army  of  the  Ten- 
nessee. 

J.  K.  Bradford  of  Company  B informs  us  that  “during  the 
progress  of  the  battle  two  horsemen  dressed  in  blue  approached 
from  the  east  toward  Allatoona  creek  and  the  eastern  redoubt. 
I tried  to  persuade  the  boys  not  to  lire  at  them,  but  some  of 
them  did  and  the  two  men  rode  oft’  in  a northeasterly  direc- 
tion.” 

A supply  of  ammunition  was  stored  near  the  eastern  end  of 
the  foot-bridge.  Hear  the  close  of  the  battle  Companies  A 
and  I were  engaged  firing  across  at  the  enem}T  on  the  west 
side  and  got  out  of  cartridges,  and  Colonel  Tourtellette  asked 
for  someone  to  go  for  a box  near  to  the  headquarters  house, 
where  a wagon  load  had  been  piled.  The  distance  was  about 
a hundred  yards  or  more  along  the  crest  of  the  ridge,  fully 
exposed  to  the  enemy’s  fire,  and  Washington  Muzzy,  one  of 
the  band,  who  was  receiving  the  wounded  as  thej-  were  brought 
to  the  hospital  tent,  volunteered  to  get  a box  to  them.  He  ran 
to  the  pile  and  shouldered  one  (they  weigh  one  hundred  pounds 
and  contain  one  thousand  rounds)  and  returned  with  it,  although 
the  bullets  whistled  around  him  at  every  step.  Before  he 
reached  the  companies  he  stumbled  and  fell  heavily,  when  an- 
other member  (Kimball)  of  the  band,  supposing  he  had  been 
shot,  took  up  the  box  and  carried  it  to  the  men,  who  received  it 
with  cheers,  and  those  bullets  were  soon  speeding  toward  the 
enemy. 


Looking  south  from  the  western  redoubt  toward  Kenesaw  Mountain.  The  building  on  the  right  was  headquarters  of  the  post. 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


323 


Adjutant  Rich  was  directed  to  take  a company  out  and  open 
a flank  fire  on  the  enemy  in  the  ravine  in  front  of  Company 
A.  He  took  Company  H out  on  an  unprotected  hillside. 
He  says : 

I had  orders  from  Colonel  Edson  to  take  but  one  company  out,  and  took  H, 
which  was  commanded  by  Lieut.  Chessman  Gould.  Finding  it  too  hot  for 
one  I went  back  and  told  Captain  Wells  of  Company  C that  I had  no  orders 
for  a second  company,  but  that  we  needed  it,  and  asked  him  if,  under  the  cir- 
cumstances, he  would  come.  He  very  cheerfully  said  yes,  if  I wanted  him, 
and  we  went  with  his  company. 

Previous  to  this  he  had  gone  to  Lieutenant  Colonel  Jackson 
and  asked  for  one  of  his  companies,  but  Jackson  declined  to 
move  one  out,  and  finally,  after  being  persuaded  by  Rich  to  go 
and  see  for  himself,  he  still  declined,  stating  that  he  thought 
two  companies  enough. 

After  the  fight  was  over  the  officers  sat  down  to  coffee  and 
hardtack  in  the  messroom,  which  was  in  one  end  of  the 
double  building  (the  adjutant’s  office  being  in  the  other  end). 
Maj.  R.  J.  Durr  and  his  officers  also  sat  down  to  the  table,  and 
they  all  talked  over  the  incidents  of  the  day.  Morrill  ques- 
tioned Durr  about  the  attempt  to  take  in  his  company  while 
the  officer  with  the  flag  of  truce  was  communicating  with 
Corse. 

During  the  progress  of  the  battle  Tourtellotte  went  along 
the  line  visiting  the  companies,  speaking  words  of  encourage- 
ment to  the  men,  and  told  them  that  General  Sherman  was  on 
Kenesaw  watching  and  sending  messages  to  hold  the  place. 

Lieutenant  Amsden  of  the  battery  was  wounded  below  the 
knee  by  a minie-ball  and  died  shortly  after. 

A corporal  of  the  Ninety-third  Illinois,  having  in  his  pos- 
session a Spencer  rifle,  was  captured.  The  rebels  threatened 
to  shoot  him  unless  he  showed  them  how  to  use  it.  He  told 
them  to  go  to  hades,  or  any  other  seaport.  We  recaptured 
our  corporal. 

Comrade  Muzzy  states  that  the  battery  received  a new  flag 
a short  time  previous  to  the  battle.  [It  was  with  Amsden. 
— Ed.]  One  hundred  and  ninety-two  bullet  holes  were  counted 
in  it  after  the  fight. 

We  kept  finding  dead  rebels  in  the  woods  until  October  22d, 
on  which  date  we  buried  the  last  one. 


324 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


Merritt  W.  Cunningham  of  Company  II  says  that  he  received 
the  sword  of  a wounded  rebel  officer,  who  also  directed  him 
where  he  could  find  their  flag,  and  that  he  brought  both  in, 
and  that  Lieutenant  Lieberg  of  Company  II  has  the  sword. 
The  lieutenant  states  that  he  has  the  sword  and  that  Colonel 
Tourtellotte  gave  it  to  him.  We  have  other  evidence  that 
Cunningham’s  story  is  correct.  Knudt  Helling  of  Company 
H says  the  sword  was  taken  from  Captain  Yates,  who  was 
wounded,  and  that  Cunningham  brought  in  both  the  sword  and 
flag.  As  soon  as  it  became  known  that  the  enemy  in  the  gully 
had  raised  a white  flag  Capt.  E.  U.  Russell  of  Company  A de- 
tailed Orderly  Sergt.  Thos.  M.  Young  and  twenty  men  of  his 
company  to  go  down  and  receive  the  surrendered  rebels. 
Young  says  that  on  arriving  at  the  place  he  picked  up  one  of 
the  flags  and  handed  it  to  Frank  He  Mers  and  then  all  pro- 
ceeded at  once  to  headquarters. 

The  term  of  service  of  John  Young  and  George  Rogers  of 
Company  A had  expired,  but  they  went  into  the  battle  and 
were  killed.  Isaac  S.  Russell  was  sick  in  the  hospital,  and  leav- 
ing it  took  his  gun  and  went  into  the  ranks,  although  he  was 
so  weak  that  the  recoil  of  the  gun  knocked  him  over.  Lieut. 
G.  M.  D.  Lambert,  who  fought  with  Company  A,  used  two 
guns,  as  also  did  P.  W.  Fix,  0.  0.  Jaquith  and  several  others, 
and  when  one  got  too  hot  would  change  to  the  other,  or  some 
of  the  boys  would  do  the  loading  while  they  tired. 

The  Rodman  gun,  between  Companies  A and  I,  was  worked 
by  the  gunners  until  they  were  all  killed  or  wounded.  They 
stood  out  openly  and  had  no  protection.  At  times  they  would 
lie  on  their  backs  and  load  the  gun.  Men  lying  flat  on  the 
ground  would  pass  the  ammunition  up  to  the  gunners. 

Sylvanus  Allen  of  Company  A was  a Methodist  minister,  and 
previous  to  the  battle  used  to  hold  forth  for  the  boys  in  a sort 
of  booth,  constructed  of  fallen  trees,  across  the  ravine  in  front 
of  Company  A.  Some  of  the  enemy  secreted  themselves  in  his 
gospel  shop  and  he  devoted  his  attention  to  them,  sending  leaden 
messages  that  proved  sure  passports  to  several  of  the  enemy. 
It  is  said  that  eight  dead  rebels  were  found  in  it. 

Company  I,  under  Capt.  D.  L.  Wellman,  was  obliged  to  dig 
and  fight  at  the  same  time.  They  tore  down  the  tents  and 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


325 


piled  up  the  poles  and  pieces  of  boxes,  and  anything  to  throw 
dirt  against.  Their  excavation  was  a shallow  trench  scooped 
out  on  the  edge  of  the  railroad  cut,  facing  the  west  and  north- 
west, in  which  they  lay,  and  being  on  the  most  elevated  and 
exposed  ground  on  the  left  of  Company  A,  the  bullets  came 
freely  among  them,  and  when  the  battle  ended  the  ground 
looked  like  a slaughter-pen.  If  their  trench  had  been  like 
that  used  by  Company  A — a ditch  in  which  the  men  could 
stand  up  — they  would  probably  have  suffered  less  loss.  They 
did  not  have  time  to  dig  such  a ditch.  The  bullets  coming 
from  the  north  enfiladed  their  line.  Ephriam  Dudley  of  this 
company,  after  having  been  mortally  wounded,  said:  “I  would 
not  care  about  dying,  if  I had  fought  all  day;  but  I regret 
being  killed  after  having  fired  but  three  shots.” 

The  foot-bridge,  four  feet  wide,  was  formed  of  two  pine  trees 
laid  across  the  rock-cut  at  a distance  of  about  ninety  feet  above 
the  railroad.  It  had  a railing  on,  was  covered  with  pine  boards, 
and  was  located  near  the  northern  end  of  the  cut. 

In  answer  to  a letter,  Mr.  T.  C.  Moore,  the  postmaster  at 
Allatoona,  writes  us,  under  date  of  March  6,  1890: 

Copt.  A.  L.  Brown, 

Deak  Sie:  Yours  of  February  28th  at  hand.  The  bridge  was  ninety-five 
feet  above  the  railroad  track.  From  the  top  of  the  rock-cut  (where  the 
bridge  was)  to  top  of  the  earth-cut  is  about  eighty  feet;  whole  depth,  175  feet. 
The  house  you  refer  to  [on  the  hill,  headquarters  Fourth  Minnesota]  was  a 
frame  with  chimney  at  each  end.  It  was  torn  down  several  years  ago.  Those 
hills  are  now  covered  with  second  growth  and  look  nothing  like  they  did  Oct, 
5,  1864.  The  old  forts  on  either  side  of  railroad  are  good  and  sound,  and  pine 
trees  eighteen  inches  in  diameter  are  growing  in  them.  I saw  the  whole  fight, 
and  it  was  a desperate  one.  I was  on  the  southern  side,  * * * etc. 

The  eastern  redoubt  was  built  in  nearly  a square  form  on 
the  most  southeastern  spur,  Company  B being  stationed  on 
its  northern  and  eastern  and  Company  G on  its  southern  side. 
Capt.  D.  M.  G.  Murphj7  was  in  command  of  Company  B,  and 
stood  out  openly  a great  part  of  the  time  under  an  oak  tree 
that  stood  in  the  bank  of  this  redoubt,  and  from  which  it  was 
said  that  the  leaves  were  all  shot  off*,  cautioning  his  men  not 
to  fire  while  Compan}7  K and  the  other  company  were  out  in 
front.  With  some  of  our  skirmishers  Lieutenant  Graham  was 
down  in  front,  east  of  the  redoubt,  toward  Allatoona  creek. 


326 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


During  the  night  of  the  attack  the  recruits  in  some  of  the 
companies  were  drilled  in  the  loadings  and  firings.  A few 
days  previous  to  the  attack  Sergeants  Young  of  Company  A, 
Judson  Whitney  of  Company  D and  Corporal  Andrew  Gish  of 
Company  I placed  markings  on  the  ground  from  one  hundred  to 
five  hundred  yards  distant  from  the  fort,  which  aided  the  men  in 
their  firings.  Almon  H.  Cottrell  of  Company  F,  after  his  arm 
had  been  amputated,  Young  says,  carried  ammunition  for 
Companies  A,  I and  F.  He  died  a few  days  after  of  lock- 
jaw. 

Rev.  Charles  II.  Savidge  of  Company  H was  a Methodist 
minister,  preaching  in  Minnesota,  but  enlisted  as  a private. 
During  the  battle  a musket  ball  struck  a testament  in  the 
pocket  of  his  blouse,  which  prevented  its  going  through  his 
body.  He  was  promoted  to  chaplain  and  made  a good  one. 
About  one  o’clock  Sergeants  John  N.  Bradford  and  A.  B. 
Applin  went  down  into  the  ravine  to  get  some  coffee  for  Com- 
pany B.  On  the  way  they  met  a man  belonging  to  Company  — 
on  the  ridge,  standing  up  coolly  and  loading  and  firing  at  the 
enemy.  They  cautioned  him  to  get  under  cover,  but  he  laugh- 
ingly told  them  that  the  bullet  had  not  yet  been  made  that 
would  kill  him.  On  their  return  they  passed  his  dead  body 
lying  where  they  had  left  him. 

We  copied  the  following  from  “ Wisconsin  in  the  War:  ” 

Three  companies  of  the  Eighteenth  [Wisconsin  Infantry  Volunteers]  were 
at  the  blockhouse,  two  miles  south  of  Allatoona,  and  were  attacked  in  the 
morning  after  declining  to  surrender.  They  numbered  eighty  men,  and  did 
not  surrender  until  dark,  and  then  not  until  the  blockhouse  was  on  fire.  They 
were  under  the  command  of  Captain  McIntyre  of  Company  I.  After  the  battle 
of  Allatoona  the  non-veterans  and  recruits  were  assigned  to  the  Ninety-third 
Illinois  and  accompanied  Sherman  on  his  march  to  the  sea,  Savannah  and 
Goldsboro.  The  veterans  were  furloughed  on  November  28th,  reassembling 
at  Milwaukee  on  December  28tb,  and  arrived  at  Nashville  Jan.  11,  1865. 
They  started  for  Sherman’s  army,  arriving  at  Goldsboro  the  last  of  March  and 
rejoined  their  comrades  of  the  First  Brigade,  Third  Division,  Fifteenth  Army 
Corps,  and  marched  through  to  Washington.  Went  to  Louisville  and  were 
mustered  out  July  18,  1865. 

The  following  poem  was  written  by  Sergeant  Major  Flint  of 
the  Seventh  Illinois  Infantry  the  night  after  the  battle,  and 
may  be  read  in  (he  history  of  that  regiment: 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


327 


1864] 


Winds  that  sweep  the  Southern  mountain 
And  the  leafy  river’s  shore! 

Bear  ye  not  a prouder  burden 
Than  ye  ever  learned  before? 

And  the  hot  blood  fills 
The  heart  until  it  thrills, 

At  the  story  of  the  terror  and  the  glory  of  the  battle 
Of  the  Allatoona  hills. 


Echoes  from  the  purple  mountains 
To  the  dull  surrounding  shore — 

’Tis  as  sad  and  proud  a burden 
As  ye  ever  learned  before ! 

How  they  fell  like  grass 
When  the  mowers  pass, 

And  the  dying,  when  the  foe  was  flying,  swelled  the  cheering 
of  the  heroes  of  the  pass. 


Sweep  it  o’er  the  hills  of  Georgia 
To  the  mountains  of  the  North  ; 

Teach  the  coward  and  the  doubter 
What  the  blood  of  man  is  worth. 

Hail  the  flag  you  pass ! 

Let  its  stained  and  tattered  mass 
Tell  the  story  of  the  terror  and  the  glory  of  the  battle 
Of  theAllatoona  Pass. 


The  Captured  Flags. 

We  quote  from  the  St.  Paul  Press  the  following  reference  to 
the  presentation  by  the  Fourth  Minnesota  of  their  captured 
battle  flags  to  the  state  : 

Aaron  Scribner  and  John  N.  Bradford,  two  members  of  the  Fourth  Minne- 
sota, arrived  here  yesterday,  direct  from  Allatoona.  They  brought  with  them 
two  battle  flags  which  were  captured  from  the  Thirty-fifth  and  Thirty-ninth 
Mississippi  regiments  by  the  Fourth  Minnesota  during  the  battle  of  Allatoona, 
and  deposited  them  with  the  adjutant  general  at  the  capitol.  The  following 
note  accompanied  them: 

Headquarters  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry, 

Allatoona,  Ga.,  Oct.  11,  1864. 

0.  Malmros , Adjutant  General , State  of  Minnesota, 

Colonel:  By  the  bearer  hereof,  in  behalf  of  the  officers  and  men  of  my 
command,  I have  the  honor  to  present  to  the  state  the  colors  of  the  Thiity-fifth 
and  Thirty-ninth  Mississippi  Infantry,  captured  by  this  regiment  in  the  action 
at  this  place  October  5th. 

I am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

James  C.  Edson, 

Major,  Commanding  Regiment. 

The  flags  are  of  coarse  material  and  one  of  them  is  without  any  inscription 
whatever.  The  other  is  ornamented  with  the  names  of  “Vicksburg,” 
1 ‘ Corinth, ” “ Iuka, ” “ Hatchie  ’ ’ and  1 ‘ Greenwood. ’ ’ It  is  a singular  fact  that 


328 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


in  all  those  battles  the  Fourth  Minnesota  has  met  these  two  Mississippi 
regiments  [No. — Ed.]  The  Fourth  for  its  gallant  action  in  this  battle  is 
entitled  to  a new  set  of  colors,  with  the  word  “ Allatoona”  added  to  the  other 
records  of  honor  which  already  emblazon  its  banners.  After  the  battle  thirty- 
one  whose  time  had  expired  were  discharged  and  left  for  home. 

Colonel  Eclson  informed  us  that  he  sent  the  flags  to  St.  Paul 
by  John  N.  Bradford,  and  the  latter  informed  us  that  he  had  to 
carry  his  knapsack  and  the  flags  about  forty  miles  around 
breaks  in  the  railroad  and  could  not  get  anyone  to  help  him 
carry  them  except  Thompson  Larraway. 

Battle  flag  of  the  Thirty-ninth  Mississippi  Infantry  (rebel)  captured  by  the 
Fourth  Regiment,  Minnesota  Veteran  Volunteers,  at  the  battle  of  Allatoona, 
Ga.,  Oct,  5,  1864. 

The  above  notice  is  on  a piece  of  common  writing  paper.  It 
was  written  by  Adjt.  W.  W.  Rich  and  pasted  to  the  flag,  ap- 
parently  before  it  was  sent  to  Minnesota.  There  are  no  names 
of  battles  or  any  lettering  whatever  on  it.  The  body  of  both 
flags  is  of  red  baize,  the  cross  of  blue  baize  (woolen).  This  has 
twelve  stars  and  seems  to  be  of  full  size  and  intact;  the  stars 
are  of  white  cotton  cloth  sewed  on  the  cross,  three  on  each 
arm. 

Battle  flag  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Mississippi  Infantry,  captured  by  the  Fourth 
Minnesota  Infantry  Veteran  Volunteers,  at  the  battle  of  Allatoona,  Ga.,  Oct. 
5,  1864. 

I certify  on  honor  that  the  rebel  flag  (without  description)  now  in  the 
office  of  the  adjutant  general  of  Minnesota  should  bear  the  above  record  of 
history.  W.  W.  Rich, 

Late  Captain  Fourth  Minnesota  Veteran  Volunteers. 

116  Fifth  Street  S.  E.,  Minneapolis. 

This  notice  was  written  in  recent  years  and  is  pinned  to  the 
flag  of  the  Thirty -fifth  Mississippi  Regiment.  This  flag  con- 
tains the  names  of  Iuka,  Corinth,  Hatchie,  Greenwood  and 
Vicksburg.  [The  official  records  show  that  this  regiment 
was  in  those  battles.  — Ed.]  The  letters  and  stars  are  made 
of  white  cloth  and  sewed  on  each  side  of  the  flag.  It  has 
but  eleven  stars,  the  one  on  the  lower  corner  having  been 
cut  off,  and  the  entire  end  of  the  flag  is  ragged,  as  if  a consid- 
erable part  had  been  cut  away. 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


329 


Principal  Musician  W.  S.  Kimball  cut  a piece  6x6  out 
of  a flag  and  has  it  now.  Sergt.  Wm.  M.  Davis  of  Company 
I also  informs  us  that  he  has  quite  a larg’e  piece  of  a flag  which 
he  cut  off  and  sent  home,  and  says  that  he  wrote  in  the  letter 
that  it  was  a piece  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Mississippi  flag.  Com- 
rade James  E.  Conway  of  Company  G has  now  in  his  posses- 
sion a piece  of  silk  and  one  star,  which  he  says  he  cut  from  a 
flag,  and  claims  he  captured  it.  It  is  also  claimed  that  John 
Hughes  of  Company  F captured  a silk  flag.  But  poor  health 
and  the  shortness  of  life  prevents  our  settling  these  questions. 
The  statement  about  Hughes  is  supported  by  pretty  good 
evidence.  As  all  of  the  flags  were  captured  by  the  entire 
garrison  at  the  post,  we  fail  to  see  how  any  person  who  picked 
one  up  and  carried  it  in  deserves  any  special  credit.  Young 
might  just  as  rightfully  claim  that  he  captured  all  of  the 
prisoners.  We  believe,  from  the  evidence  received,  that  three 
flags  were  captured  by  our  men  at  this  place,  one  of  which  was 
made  of  silk  and  torn  up  and  divided  among  the  boys. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 


Corse  and  Troops  Leave  for  Rome  — Sherman  and  His  Army  Arrive — New 
Recruits  Under  “The  New  Issue  ” Arrive  — Our  Drove  of  Eight  Thousand 
Head  of  Cattle  Pass  to  the  Front  — Our  Non-Veterans  Leave  for  Minne- 
sota— We  Vote  for  President  of  the  United  States  — Sick  and  Wounded 
Sent  North  on  the  Cars  to  Tennessee — Stripping  for  Our  March  to  Savan- 
nah— Annual  Official  Returns  for  1864  — Receive  Our  Last  Payment 
Until  Our  Final  Muster-Out  — All  Surplus  Baggage  and  Property  Sent  to 
the  Rear  — The  Eighteenth  Wisconsin  Goes  Home  on  “Vet.”  Furlough  — 
The  March  to  Atlanta — What  Sherman  Says  About  the  Composition  of  His 
Army,  His  Purpose  and  His  Orders  for  the  Campaign  — Leave  Atlanta  — 
Foragers’  Marks  on  Objects — “Ten  Minutes’  March  and  Twenty  Minutes’ 
Standstill;  Weight  on  Left  Leg  and  Head  Under  Wing  ” — Our  Regiment 
Destroys  a Mile  and  a Half  of  Railroad — In  Clover  — Several  Hundred 
Extra  Horses  Shot — Burning  Cotton-Gin  House  and  Rebs  Hid  in  It — 
Arrive  Near  to  Savannah  — Mussel  Stews  — Fort  McAllister  Ours — Ves- 
sels in  the  Offing  — Savannah  Ours  — Strength  of  Our  Army  — Summary  of 
Results. 

October  6th  — Thursday. — Morrill  says,  in  his  diary:  “I went 
over  the  battleground;  a great  many  wounded  on  the  ground 
yet.”  A part  of  Sherman’s  army  passed  through  in  pursuit  of 
the  rebels.  The  stench  from  the  dead  rebels  is  very  bad. 

October7th  — Friday. — Cleaningup.  Fixingcamp  and  trying 
to  fix  up  things.  General  Corse  left  for  Rome  with  his  com- 
mand. 

October  8th — Saturday. — The  Twenty-third  Army  Corps 
(General  Cox)  is  moving  north  in  pursuit  of  Hood.  Eight 
thousand  cattle  passed  to  the  front. 

October  9th — Sunday. — General  Sherman  passed  through 
this  place. 

October  10th — Monday. — The  Twenty-third,  Fourth  and 
Fourteenth  Army  Corps  passed  this  place. 

October  11th — Tuesday. — We  got  orders  to  be  ready  to  move 
at  a moment’s  notice.  Received  one  hundred  recruits  from 
Minnesota.  The  Fifteenth  Corps  passed.  A good  many  of 
our  regiment  whose  time  has  expired  started  to-day  for  Minne- 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


331 


sota.  The  Second  Minnesota  passed,  going  north  after  Hood’s 
army.  They  visited  some  with  our  boys. 

October  12th — Wednesday. — Five  men,  recruits,  joined  Com- 
pany K.  Quite  cool. 

October  15th — Saturday. — There  was  a rumor  in  camp  that 
the  Seventeenth  Iowa  had  been  taken  prisoners  at  Resaca; 
but  Hood,  after  demanding  the  surrender  of  the  post  -and 
receiving  Col.  Clark  R.  Weaver’s  reply,  did  not  assault  the 
works. 

October  16th  — Sunday. — Had  inspection.  Articles  of  war 
read  to  Company  K. 

October  17th  — Monday. — Captain  Morrill  went  out  with  a 
forage  train.  Got  fourteen  loads  of  corn  and  hay,  seven  head 
of  cattle  and  five  rebels.  We  got  information  that  Stewart 
would  attack  our  post.  Lieut.  Col.  J.  E.  Tourtellotte  was 
to-day  mustered  in  as  colonel  of  the  regiment,  the  muster-in 
to  date  from  Oct.  5,  1864. 

October  18th — Tuesday. — Three  years  ago  to-day  a good 
many  of  Company  K were  enrolled  in  the  service. 

October  19th — Wednesday. — Captain  Ballou  sent  Company 
K a quarter  of  beef.  Major  Lemon  from  Cartersville  called  on 
a visit. 

October  20tli — Thursday. — Captain  Morrill  went  up  to  Car- 
tersville to-day  and  took  dinner  with  General  Smith;  then 
went  over  to  the  Sixty-third  Illinois  and  remained  all  night. 

October  21st — Friday. — Morrill  returned  to  camp  this  fore- 
noon. The  vote  was  taken  to-day  for  president.  Company  K 
all  voted  for  Lincoln. 

October  22d — Saturday. — Morrill,  officer  of  the  day.  Cap- 
tain Roberts  of  the  Eighteenth  Wisconsin  and  Inspector  Smith’s 
division  inspected  companies  and  also  had  inspection  of  cloth- 
ing, camp  and  garrison  equipage.  Chas.  F.  Hellberg  of  Com- 
pany A,  in  band,  received  descriptive  list  and  left  for  Hospital 
Ho.  3,  at  Nashville  [on  Nov.  26,  1864,  was  transferred  to  Louis- 
ville, Ky.]. 

October  23d — Sunday. — Inspection.  Company  K made  out 
descriptive  rolls  for  men  at  division  headquarters.  Weather 
splendid.  Morrill  still  officer  of  the  day. 


332  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1864 

October  24-th  — Monday. — Morrill  went  up  to  Cartersville  to- 
day, dined  with  Clarke  and  stayed  all  night. 

October  25th — Tuesday. — Morrill  came  back  to  camp  and 
Captains  McBride  and  Budlong  came  with  him. 

October  26th — Wednesday. — We  are  informed  that  the  Army 
of  the  Tennessee  will  move  to  Atlanta  within  ten  days.  Every- 
thing quiet.  Weather  very  fine. 

October  27th — Thursday. — Commenced  to  make  out  pay 
rolls. 

October  28th  — Friday. — Officers  had  sword  drill.  Had  dress 
parade. 

October  29th  — Saturday. — Morrill,  officer  of  the  day. 

October  30tli — Sunday. — Lieutenant  Warren  came  down 
from  Cartersville. 

October  31st  — Monday. — Captain  Roberts  inspected  ord- 
nance and  ordnance  stores.  Major  Edson  mustered  the  regi- 
ment for  pay  at  1:00  p.  m. 

Returns  for  the  Month  of  November,  1864.  — Total  enlisted,  744;  aggregate,  776. 

Remarks.  — Charles  C.  Hunt,  on  detached  service  at  draft  rendezvous  at  Fort 
Snelling. 

November  4-th  — Friday. — Morrill,  officer  of  the  day,  and  also 
on  a board  of  survey  to  assess  loss  on  cattle  for  Captain  Ballou. 
Cool. 

November  5th  — Saturday. — Grand  blow-out,  at  Captain  Bal- 
lou’s, with  officers  of  Ninety-third  Illinois,  Eighteenth  Wiscon- 
sin, Twelfth  Wisconsin  Battery  and  Fourth  Minnesota.  Cool. 

George  Sly  says : 

The  sick  and  wounded  were  sent  north  on  the  cars.  I went  to  Chattanooga, 
then  to  Nashville  [population,  1880,  43,461]  and  into  a hospital.  When  well 
I returned  to  Chattanooga  and  was  on  guard  all  winter.  We  were  short  of 
rations,  but  I had  an  uncle  clerking  in  a hotel  and  used  to  go  to  town  and  fill  up 
every  few  days.  In  the  early  spring  we  convalescents  went  to  Louisville,  Ky., 
and  up  the  river  to  Madison,  Ind.;  then  on  the  cars  to  Annapolis,  Md.;  then 
on  a steamer  to  New  Berne,  N.  C.  We  had  a very  hard  storm  when  off  Cape 
Hatteras  and  several  men  were  washed  overboard.  I barely  escaped  in  the 
night  by  fortunately  catching  hold  of  a rope.  At  New  Berne  [population) 
1880,  6,443]  we  built  log  huts.  The  camp  was  called  ‘‘Camp  Chattanooga.” 
When  the  troops  started  to  open  the  railroad  to  Goldsboro  to  meet  Shermams 
army  I got  into  one  battle.  I had  a musket  then.  A Connecticut  regiment 
ran  and  I followed.  Played  off  sick  and  got  back  to  New  Berne.  Guarded 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


333 


prisoners  till  Sherman  arrived  at  Goldsboro,  then  stole  onto  a freight  train  in 
the  night,  threw  away  my  musket,  etc.,  and  joined  the  regiment  in  camp  at 
Goldsboro. 

Annual  Return  Made  Nov.  1,  1864. — Returned  from  desertion,  5;  drafted  men 
and  substitutes,  163;  recruits  (volunteer),  224;  commissioned  officers  appointed 
from  enlisted  men,  8;  commissioned  officers  appointed  from  civil  life,  6;  total 
gain,  405;  loss,  179;  increase,  226;  aggregate  Dec.  31,  1863,  550;  aggregate  Nov. 
1,  1864,  776. 

Remarks.  — Early  in  September  two  men  were  captured,  while  scouting,  by 
guerrillas,  Corporal  Stephen  Maxson  of  Company  K on  September  7th,  and  Pri- 
vate Edward  A.  Zeibarth  of  Company  B on  September  2d;  reported  as  missing 
in  action,  August  22d.  Companies  A,  D and  K were  sent  to  assist  in  guarding 
the  Nashville  & Chattanooga  railroad  and  returned  September  22d.  October 
5th  the  regiment  lost  eleven  killed  and  thirty-three  wounded  (of  the  wounded 
five  have  since  died).  It  captured  eighty  prisoners,  including  several  officers, 
and  two  stands  of  colors.  October  11th  sixty- two  non-veterans  were  mustered 
out  of  service.  Seventy-five  or  one  hundred  more  will  be  mustered  out  by 
December  23d,  three  years  from  date  of  original  organization  of  regiment. 
During  the  year  the  regiment  has  received  223  volunteer  recruits  and  163 
drafted  men  and  substitutes. 

John  B.  Grover  of  Company  B was  out  foraging  for  the 
officers’  mess  and  was  captured  by  the  enemy’s  cavalry  and  held 
by  them  for  several  hours.  He  made  his  escape  in  the  night 
and  got  to  Cartersville,  where  he  got  on  the  cars  and  rode  to 
Allatoona. 

November  7th — Monday. — All  camp  equipage  was  turned 
over  to  Lieutenant  Russell,  regimental  quartermaster.  The 
paymaster  came  to-day  to  pay  the  troops  here. 

November  8th — Tuesday. — Major  Woodson,  the  paymaster, 
paid  us  to-day.  The  Eighteenth  Wisconsin  Infantry  started 
home  to-day  on  veteran  furlough.  Weather  wet. 

We  make  a few  quotations  from  a letter  written  home  by  an 
officer : 

Received  two  mouths’  pay  to-day,  probably  up  to  August  1st.  The  express 
office  is  to  be  moved  to  the  rear  to-night.  General  Smith  says  that  the  Eigh- 
teenth Wisconsin  Infantry  of  our  brigade  goes  home  on  veteran  furlough. 
Will  start  to-night.  We  start  in  a few  days  for  somewhere  — we  all  think  for 
Savannah.  All  our  surplus  tents  and  baggage  have  been  sent  to  the  rear. 
Two  teams  for  baggage  only  are  allowed  to  a regiment.  Weather  wet,  cold 
and  windy.  We  shall  have  a hard  trip,  perhaps,  but  are  anxious  to  start.  A 
commission  for  Chaplain  Savidge  has  been  sent  for. 

November  11th — Friday. — Received  orders  to  march  at  9:00 
a.  m.  to-morrow.  Company  A about  this  time  was  detailed  as 


334 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


provost  guard  to  the  headquarters  of  the  Fifteenth  Army- 
Corps  and  remained  on  that  duty  until  after  the  capture  of 
Savannah,  Ga. 

General  Sherman  states  in  his  “Memoirs:” 

On  the  twelfth  of  Novemberthe  railroad  aud  telegraph  communications  with 
the  rear  were  broken,  and  the  army  stood  detached  from  all  friends,  dependent 
on  its  own  resources  and  supplies.  No  time  was  to  be  lost;  all  the  detach- 
ments were  ordered  to  march  rapidly  for  Atlanta,  breaking  up  the  railroad  en 
route,  and  generally  to  so  damage  the  country  as  to  make  it  untenable  to  the 
enemy.  By  the  fourteenth  all  the  troops  had  arrived  at  or  near  Atlanta,  and 
were,  according  to  orders,  grouped  into  two  wings,  the  right  and  left,  com- 
manded respectively  by  Major  Generals  O.  O.  Howard  and  H.  W.  Slocum,  both 
comparatively  young  men,  but  educated  and  experienced  officers,  fully  compe- 
tent to  their  command. 

The  right  wing  was  composed  of  the  Fifteenth  Corps,  Maj.  Gen.  P.  J.  Oster- 
haus  commanding,  and  the  Seventeenth  Corps,  Maj.  Gen.  Frank  P.  Blair  com- 
manding. 

The  left  wing  was  composed  of  the  Fourteenth  Corps,  Maj.  Gen.  Jefferson  C. 
Davis  commanding,  and  the  Twentieth  Corps,  Brig.  Gen.  A.  S.  Williams 
commanding. 

The  Fifteenth  Corps  had  four  divisions,  commanded  by  Brigadier  Generals 
Charles  R.  Woods,  W.  B.  Hazen,  John  E.  Smith  and  John  M.  Corse. 

The  Seventeenth  Corps  had  three  divisions,  commanded  by  Maj.  Gen.  J.  A. 
Mower  and  Brigadier  Generals  M.  D.  Leggett  and  Giles  A.  Smith. 

The  Fourteenth  Corps  had  three  divisions,  commanded  by  Brigadier  Gen- 
erals W.  P.  Carlin,  James  D.  Morgan  and  A.  Baird. 

The  Twentieth  Corps  had  also  three  divisions,  commanded  by  Brigadier 
Generals  N.  J.  Jackson,  John  W.  Geary  and  W.  T.  Ward. 

The  cavalry  division  was  held  separate,  subject  !to  my  own  orders.  It  was 
commanded  by  Brig.  Gen.  Judson  Kilpatrick,  and  was  composed  of  two  bri- 
gades, commanded  by  Colonels  Eli  H.  Murray  of  Kentucky  and  Smith  D. 
Atkins  of  Illinois. 

The  general  gives  the  total  strength  of  his  army  as  it  started, 
stripped  for  the  fight  from  Atlanta,  as  62,204  officers  and  men. 

From  Atlanta. 

General  Sherman  says: 

The  two  general  orders  made  for  this  march  appear  to  me,  even  at  this  late 
day,  so  clear,  emphatic  and  well-digested,  that  no  account  of  that  historic  event 
is  perfect  without  them,  and  I give  them  entire,  even  at  the  seeming  appear- 
ance of  repetition;  and  although  they  called  for  great  sacrifice  and  labor  on  the 
part  of  officers  and  men,  I insist  that  these  orders  were  obeyed  as  well  as  any 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


335 


similar  orders  ever  were  by  an  army  operating  wholly  in  an  enemy’s  country 
and  dispersed,  as  we  necessarily  were,  during  the  subsequent  period  of  nearly 
six  months. 

Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi. 

In  the  Field,  Kingston,  Ga.,  Nov.  8,  1864. 
Special  Field  Orders,  No.  119: 

The  general  commanding  deems  it  proper  at  this  time  to  inform  the  offi- 
cers and  men  of  the  Fourteenth,  Fifteenth,  Seventeenth  and  Twentieth  Corps 
that  he  has  organized  them  into  an  army  for  a special  purpose,  well  known  to 
the  War  Department  and  to  General  Grant.  It  is  sufficient  for  you  to  know 
that  it  involves  a departure  from  our  present  base  and  a long  and  difficult 
march  to  a new  one.  All  the  chances  of  war  have  been  considered  and  pro- 
vided for,  as  far  as  human  sagacity  can.  All  he  asks  of  you  is  to  maintain  that 
discipline,  patience  and  courage  which  have  characterized  you  in  the  past;  and 
he  hopes  through  you  to  strike  a blow  at  our  enemy  that  will  have  a material 
effect  in  producing,  what  we  all  so  much  desire,  his  complete  overthrow.  Of 
all  things,  the  most  important  is  that  the  men  during  the  marches  and  in  camp 
keep  their  places  and  do  not  scatter  about  as  stragglers  and  foragers,  to  be 
picked  up  by  a hostile  people  in  detail.  It  is  also  of  the  utmost  importance 
that  our  wagons  should  not  be  loaded  with  anything  but  provisions  and  ammu- 
nition. All  surplus  servants,  non-combatants  and  refugees  should  now  go  to 
the  rear,  and  none  should  be  encouraged  to  incumber  us  on  the  march.  At 
some  future  time  we  will  be  able  to  provide  for  the  poor  whites  and  blacks 
who  seek  to  escape  the  bondage  under  which  they  are  now  suffering.  With 
these  few  simple  cautions,  he  hopes  to  lead  you  to  achievements  equal  in  im- 
portance to  those  of  the  past. 

By  order  of  Maj.  Gen.  W.  T.  Sherman. 

L.  M.  Dayton, 

Aid-de-camp. 

, Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi. 

In  the  Field,  Kingston,  Ga.,  Nov.  9,  1864. 
Special  Field  Orders,  No.  120: 

First — For  the  purpose  of  military  operations  this  army  is  divided  into  two 
wings,  viz.:  The  right  wing,  under  Maj.  Gen.  O.  O.  Howard  commanding, 

composed  of  the  Fifteenth  and  Seventeenth  Corps;  the  left  wing,  Maj.  Gen. 
H.  W.  Slocum  commanding,  composed  of  the  Fourteenth  and  Twentieth 
Corps. 

Second  — The  habitual  order  of  march  will  be,  wherever  practicable,  by 
four  roads,  as  nearly  parallel  as  possible  and  converging  at  points  hereafter  to 
be  indicated  in  orders.  The  cavalry,  Brigadier  General  Kilpatrick  command- 
ing, will  receive  special  orders  from  the  commander-in-chief. 

Third — There  will  be  no  general  train  of  supplies,  but  each  corps  will  have 
its  ammunition  train  and  provision  train  distributed  habitually  as  follows: 
Behind  each  regiment  should  follow  one  wagon  and  one  ambulance;  behind 
each  brigade  should  follow  a due  proportion  of  ammunition  wagons,  provision 
wagons  and  ambulances.  In  case  of  danger,  each  corps  commander  should 
change  this  order  of  march,  by  having  his  advance  and  rear  brigades  uniu- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


336 


[1864 


cumbered  by  wheels.  The  separate  columns  will  start  habitually  at  7:00  A.  m. 
and  make  about  fifteen  miles  per  day  unless  otherwise  fixed  in  orders. 

Fourth — The  army  will  forage  liberally  on  the  country  during  the  march. 
To  this  end  each  brigade  commander  will  organize  a good  and  sufficient 
foraging  party,  under  the  command  of  one  or  more  discreet  officers,  who  will 
gather  near  the  route  traveled  corn  or  forage  of  any  kind,  meat  of  any  kind, 
vegetables,  cornmeal  or  whatever  is  needed  by  the  command,  aiming  at  all 
times  to  keep  in  the  wagons  at  least  ten  days’  provisions  for  his  command  and 
three  days’  forage.  Soldiers  must  not  enter  the  dwellings  of  the  inhabitants 
or  commit  any  trespass;  but  during  a halt  or  camp  they  may  be  permitted  to 
gather  turnips,  potatoes  or  other  vegetables  and  to  drive  in  stock  in  sight  of 
their  camp.  To  regular  foraging  parties  must  be  intrusted  the  gathering  of 
provisions  and  forage  at  any  distance  from  the  road  traveled. 

Fifth  — To  corps  commanders  alone  is  intrusted  the  power  to  destroy  mills, 
houses,  cotton-gins,  etc.,  and  for  them  this  general  principle  is  laid  down:  In 
districts  and  neighborhoods  where  the  army  is  unmolested  no  destruction  of 
such  property  should  be  permitted;  but  should  guerrillas  or  bushwhackers 
molest  our  march,  or  should  the  inhabitants  burn  bridges,  obstruct  roads  or 
otherwise  manifest  local  hostility,  then  army  commanders  should  order  and 
enforce  a devastation  more  or  less  relentless,  according  to  the  measure  of  such 
hostility. 

Sixth  — As  for  horses,  mules,  wagons,  etc.,  belonging  to  the  inhabitants,  the 
cavalry  and  artillery  may  appropriate  freely  and  without  limit,  discriminating, 
however,  between  the  rich,  who  are  usually  hostile,  and  the  poor  and  industri- 
ous, usually  neutral  or  friendly.  Foraging  parties  may  also  take  mules  or 
horses  to  replace  the  jaded  animals  of  their  trains  or  to  serve  as  pack  mules 
for  the  regiments  or  brigades.  In  all  foraging,  of  whatever  kind,  the  parties 
engaged  will  refrain  from  abusive  or  threatening  language,  and  may,  where 
the  officer  in  command  thinks  proper,  give  written  certificates  of  the  facts,  but 
no  receipts,  and  they  will  endeavor  to  leave  with  each  family  a reasonable 
portion  for  their  maintenance. 

Seventh  — Negroes  who  are  able-bodied  and  can  be  of  service  to  the  several 
columns  may  be  taken  along;  but  each  army  commander  will  bear  in  mind 
that  the  question  of  supplies  is  a very  important  one,  and  that  his  first  duty  is 
to  see  to  those  who  bear  arms. 

Eighth- — The  organization  at  once  of  a good  pioneer  battalion  for  each  army 
corps,  composed,  if  possible,  of  negroes,  should  be  attended  to.  This  battalion 
should  follow  the  advance  guard,  repair  roads  and  double  them,  if  possible,  so 
that  the  columns  may  not  be  delayed  after  reaching  bad  places.  Also,  army 
commanders  should  practice  the  habit  of  giving  the  artillery  and  wagons 
the  road,  marching  their  troops  on  one  side,  and  instruct  their  troops  to  assist 
wagons  at  steep  hills  or  bad  crossings  of  streams. 

Ninth  — Capt.  O.  M.  Poe,  chief  engineer,  will  assign  to  each  wing  of  the 
army  a pontoon  train,  fully  equipped  and  organized,  and  the  commanders 
thereof  will  see  to  their  being  properly  protected  at  all  times. 

By  order  of  Maj.  Gen.  W.  T.  Sherman. 

L.  M.  Dayton, 

Aid-de-camp. 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


337 


The  greatest  possible  attention  had  been  given  to  the  wagon  trains  and 
artillery.  The  number  of  guns  had  been  reduced  to  sixtv-five,  or  about  one 
gun  to  each  thousand  men,  and  these  were  generally  in  batteries  of  four  guns 
each.  Each  gun,  caisson  and  forge  was  drawn  by  four  teams  of  horses.  We 
had  in  all  about  twenty-five  hundred  wagons,  with  teams  of  six  mules  to  each 
and  six  hundred  ambulances  with  two  horses  to  each.  The  loads  were  made 
comparatively  light, — about  twenty-five  hundred  pounds,  net, — each  wagon 
carrying  in  addition  the  forge  needed  by  its  own  team.  Each  soldier  carried 
on  his  person  forty  rounds  of  ammunition  and  in  the  wagons  were  enough 
cartridges  to  make  up  about  two  hundred  rounds  per  man,  and  in  like  manner 
two  hundred  rounds  of  assorted  ammunition  were  carried  for  each  gun.  The 
wagon  trains  were  divided  equally  between  the  four  corps,  so  that  each  had 
about  eight  hundred  wagons,  and  these  usually  on  the  march  occupied  five 
miles  or  more  of  road.  Each  corps  commander  managed  his  own  train  and 
habitually  the  artillery  and  wagons  had  the  road,  while  the  men,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  advance  and  rear  guards,  pursued  paths  impoverished  by  the 
side  of  the  wagons,  unless  they  were  forced  to  use  a bridge  or  causeway  in 
common. 

November  12th — Saturday. — We  are  to  leave  Allatoona  this 
morning,  ancl  after  so  many  months  of  camp  and  guard  duty 
since  we  re-enlisted,  take  up  our  long  march  to  the  coast  on 
the  great  campaign  so  long  talked  of  and  its  objective  point  so 
long  discussed  among  the  soldiers.  The  Fourth  Regiment  is 
all  together  and  in  splendid  spirits.  Colonel  Tourtellotte  is 
not  able  to  ride  on  horseback  yet,  but  will  command  the  regi- 
ment while  riding  in  an  ambulance.  Our  brass  band  has  lost 
two  of  its  members  since  coming  to  Allatoona.  Charles  Hal- 
berg,  our  snare  drummer,  was  taken  sick  and  sent  North  and 
died  en  route.  His  place  was  tilled  by  a drummer  from  the 
Eighteenth  Wisconsin  Infantry.  And.  F.  Brackelsberg,  our 
alto  solo,  was  wounded  at  Allatoona  and  sent  North  to  a hos- 
pital. His  place  could  not  be  filled  by  a detail.  Truman 
Booth  of  Company  H of  our  regiment  was  detailed  to  play  in 
the  hand,  which  numbers  eleven  men.  At  9:00  A.  m.  Gen. 
John  E.  Smith  came  down  from  Rome  with  the  rest  of  our 
division  and  at  ten  o’clock  we  left  Allatoona,  marching  on  the 
Marietta  road.  We  have  either  destroyed  or  sent  to  the  rear 
everything  that  we  could  not  carry  with  us  or  that  the  enemy 
can  use  for  war  purposes  against  us,  the  railroad  and  telegraph 
line  sharing  the  common  lot  with  the  rest  of  the  property. 
We  went  into  camp  at  3:00  p.  m.,  two  miles  south  of  Acworth, 
having  marched  six  miles. 

22 


338 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


November  13th  — Sunday. — Reveille  by  the  band  at  dawn  of 
day.  We  broke  camp  at  6:00  a.  m.  Marched  toward  Marietta 
and  reached  that  place  at  1:00  p.  m.;  distance,  ten  miles.  We 
rested  for  half  an  hour  and  then  moved  on;  then  went  into 
bivouac  until  a wagon  train  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  teams 
passed  us.  We  then  moved  on  again  until  5:00  p.  m.,  when 
we  went  into  camp  at  sundown  about  six  or  seven  miles  south 
of  Marietta,  after  having  marched  during  the  day  about  seven- 
teen miles.  At  Marietta,  the  railroad  depot,  several  business 
blocks  and  some  private  residences  were  burning.  All  right 
for  the  depot,  but  it  is  a shame  that  private  residences  should 
be  burned.  The  railroad  is  effectually  destroyed,  the  ties  hav- 
ing been  burned  up  and  the  rails  twisted.  Col.  Joseph  B.  Mc- 
Cown  of  the  Sixty-third  Illinois  Infantry  commands  our  brigade. 
Major  Generals  Logan  and  Blair  went  North  before  the  fall 
elections.  Blair  has  returned  and  commands  the  Seventeenth 
Army  Corps.  General  Logan  has  not  yet  returned  and  Maj. 
Gen.  P.  J.  Osterliaus  is  in  command  of  Logan’s  Fifteenth 
Corps  in  his  absence  on  our  march  to  the  coast. 

The  troops  of  the  Fifteenth  Corps  after  leaving  Atlantahad 
distinguishing  marks  that  would  inform  them  of  the  number 
of  the  division  or  brigade  which  had  passed  along  the  road, 
and  when  they  saw  it  they  could  tell  what  division  or  brigade 
was  ahead  of  them.  This  was  a great  help  to  foraging  parties 
in  finding  their  various  commands.  I have  never  seen  any 
statement  in  any  history  of  our  army  operations  that  made 
mention  of  this  fact,  nor  am  I able  to  state  by  what  authority 
any  marks  were  made  for  that  purpose.  But  such  marks  were 
made  and  were  well  known  to  the  men  of  the  Fifteenth  Corps. 
It  is  claimed  b}7  some  that  the  sign  was  a Maltese  cross,  each 
arm  of  which  represented  one  of  the  four  divisions,  and  each 
division  and  brigade  had  a place  assigned  to  it  on  which  to 
place  a mark,  which  was  made  with  an  axe,  on  houses,  trees  or 
fence  corners.  Others  claim  that  the  marks  were  made  in  the 
form  of  a four-pointed  star, or  such  as  lumbermen  make  on  logs 
they  are  rafting.  The  reader  can  help  himself. 

November  ll^th — Monday.  — We  drew  rations  last  night. 
Broke  camp  this  morning  at  6:00  a.  M.  Crossed  the  Chatta- 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


339 


hoochie  river  at  half-past  ten  and  having  passed  through 
Atlanta  camped  one  mile  west  of  the  city  at  2:00  P.  M.  Distance 
marched,  fourteen  miles.  As  we  marched  through  the  city 
we  passed  in  review  before  Maj.  Gen.  0.  0.  Howard,  who 
commands  our  wing  of  the  army.  The  Fourth  Regiment 
Band  got  into  a tangle  in  passing  the  general,  by  not  knowing 
just  what  to  do.  The  general  discovered  our  error  and  put 
us  right  in  so  kind  a manner  that  he  won  our  affection  at  once. 
The  most  of  the  city  has  been  destroyed,  and  we  can  see  in  all 
directions  evidences  of  the  stubborn  contest  that  was  waged 
for  its  possession.  Our  march  from  Allatoona  to  this  place 
was  over  an  almost  continuous  battlefield.  During  the  day 
the  troops  drew  a full  supply  of  clothing  and  shoes  and' made 
their  final  preparations  for  a long  campaign.  Two  men  from 
Company  D and  three  men  from  Company  C were  detached 
for  service  in  the  First  Illinois  Light  Artillery,  Battery  H. 
[Population  of  Atlanta  in  1880,  38,398.] 

November  15tli — Tuesday. — The  commissary  department  is 
driving  along  a large  herd  of  cattle,  and  it  seems  that  they  kill 
the  poorest  animals,  or  those  that  are  the  least  able  to  stand  the 
journey,  first.  We  drew  rations  of  fresh  beef,  or  rather  bones, 
last  night,  and  when  the  boys  saw  the  quality  of  the  beef,  the 
bellowing  and  pawing  engaged  in  by  our  brigade  made  night 
hideous  and  the  comments  and  eulogies  over  the  dead  were 
enough  to  make  a statue  laugh.  We  marched  at  ten  o’clock 
this  morning;  made  slow  progress,  ten  minutes’  march  and 
twenty  minutes’  standstill,  weight  on  left  leg  and  head  under 
wing.  Marched  two  miles  and  halted  for  dinner ; or  rather, 
took  dinner  during  a halt.  Skirmishing  can  be  heard  in  the 
front.  The  order  of  march  is:  On  the  right,  Fifteenth  Army 

Corps;  right  centre,  Seventeenth  Corps;  left  centre,  Fourteenth 
Corps;  with  the  Twentieth  Corps  on  the  left.  Our  cavalry  is 
all  over  and  everywhere.  We  have  now  cut  loose  from  our 
base  and  our  supplies  must  be  picked  up  as  we  pass  through 
the  country.  The  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  is  marching  in  front  of 
our  regiment  to-day.  We  moved  on  until  11:00  P.  m.,  when 
the  regiment  camped  six  miles  below  Rough-and-Ready.  Our 
men  are  tired  out  and  thoroughly  mad.  Our  route  is  on  the 
Atlanta  and  Macon  road.  Distance  marched,  sixteen  miles. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


November  16th — Wednesday. — Reveille  at  4:00  a.  m.  We  left 
camp  at  six.  Oar  regiment  is  leading  our  division  on  the. 
march  to-day.  We  halted  at  10:00  a.  m.,  had  coffee  and  rested 
fifteen  minutes.  We  then  marched  on  until  4:00  P.  M.,  when 
we  camped  one  mile  west  of  the  little  town  of  McDonald.  Our 
men  are  very  tired  and  foot-sore  from  wearing  new  shoes. 
Roads  good  and  plenty  of  water.  Macon  is  sixty-five  miles 
distant.  The  whole  of  our  Third  Division  is  together,  with 
Gen.  John  E.  Smith  in  command.  We  are  having  excellent 
foraging.  Distance  marched,  seventeen  miles. 

November  17th — Thursday. — Reveille  at  4:30  a.  m.  Our  regi- 
ment being  the  rearguard  of  the  division  and  train  did  not 
leave  camp  until  seven.  There  was  some  skirmishing  to-day 
at  the  front  and  on  the  right  flank  with  rebel  cavalry.  We 
moved  on  steadily  until  7:00  p.  m.,  when  we  camped  four  miles 
south  of  Jackson,  which  is  a small  and  badly  used  up  town,  the 
citizens  all  having  left  early  in  the  morning  on  hearing  of  the 
approach  of  the  Yankee  mudsills.  The  roads  are  very  fine  and 
our  forage  details,  consisting  of  one  company  from  each  regi- 
ment, keep  us  well  supplied  with  food.  Distance  marched, 
twenty-three  miles. 

November  18tli  — Friday. — Reveille  at  four.  Left  camp  at  5:30 
a.  M.  Took  the  wrong  road  and  had  to  turn  back,  losing 
two  miles’  travel.  Reached  Planter’s  Ferry,  on  Ocmulgee 
river,  five  miles  from  camp  of  last  night.  Our  regiment 
crossed  the  river  on  a ferry-boat,  in  the  advance,  and  held  the 
opposite  bank  while  a pontoon  bridge  was  laid.  As  the  eue- 
my  was  known  to  be  near,  a detail  threw  up  some  light  breast- 
works. We  halted  two  hours  and  then  moved  forward  five 
miles  and  camped.  Distance  marched,  twelve  miles.  Planter’s 
factory  is  a large  cotton  factory  with  more  than  seventy 
looms.  We  found  large  quantities  of  tent  cloth  in  stock. 
There  are  also  large  flour  mills  near  by  on  the  same  stream, 
This  is  an  excellent  water  power.  [Population  of  Ocmulgee 
Mills  in  1880,  50.] 

November  19th  — Saturday. — Reveille  at  4:00  a.  m.  We  had 
a heavy  rain  all  last  night,  and  our  blankets  are  so  wet  and 
heavy  that  some  of  them  could  not  be  dried  by  the  tire  and  had 
to  be  left,  being  too  heavy  to  carry,  and  so  the  boys  will  have 


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341 


to  suffer  and  get  along  as  best  they  can.  We  left  camp  at  6:00 
A.  M.,  our  regiment  as  flankers  to  our  division  train.  We  took 
the  wrong  road  and  so  lost  two  hours,  and  had  some  hard  work 
in  getting  right  again.  After  marching  eight  miles  we  stopped 
at  Henry  Glover’s  plantation.  We  then  moved  on  about  five 
miles  to  Hillsboro,  where  we  camped  for  the  night.  Distance 
made,  fifteen  miles. 

November  20th — Sunday. — Broke  camp  at  6:00  a.  m.,  our  regi- 
ment leading  the  brigade  and  the  brigade  leading  the  division. 
We  reached  Clinton  [population,  1880,  294],  a once  fine  village, 
at  2:00  P.  M.  and  camped  in  town.  A part  of  our  regiment  went 
on  provost  guard  at  3:00  P.  M.  The  regiment  was  marched 
one  mile  west  of  town,  on  the  Macon  road,  to  guard  against  the 
enemy’s  cavalry  that  were  making  observations  too  near  town. 
It  rained  and  was  muddy  to-day  as  we  marched  into  Clinton. 
We  had  just  got  our  fires  built  when  we  were  ordered  to  fall  in 
and  were  moved  out  and  deployed  into  line  of  battle.  We  then 
fell  in  again  and  moved  out  two  miles  and  formed  line  of  bat- 
tle once  more,  where  we  laid  until  dusk.  Then  marched  back 
to  our  campfires,  got  our  knapsacks  and  returned  to  the  ad- 
vance line  of  battle  and  laid  all  night  in  the  rain,  some  of  the 
men  without  blankets.  Stoneman’s  cavalry  had  a sharp  en- 
gagement with  the  rebel  cavalry,  and  having  a battery  of 
mountain  howitzers  along,  fired  shells  into  them  so  lively  that 
they  beat  a hasty  retreat.  Distance  marched,  eleven  miles. 

November  21st — Monday. — The  morning  opened  rainy.  We 
left  camp  at  7:00  a.  m.  and  turning  east  left  the  Macon  road 
and  marched  toward  Gordon.  Rain  continued  to  fall  nearly 
all  day  and  the  roads  are  very  muddy.  Our  progress  with  the 
long  train  is  very  slow.  At  2:00  p.  m.  we  struck  the  Seven- 
teenth Corps  and  turning  to  the  right  marched  two  miles 
and  then  camped  in  a large  field.  The  weather  toward  night 
was  very  cold  and  windy,  and  it  cleared  up  with  the  wind  in 
the  north.  A few  members  of  the  band  started  for  a planta- 
tion and  getting  to  it  before  the  foragers,  found  an  immense 
lot  of  sweet  potatoes,  some  chickens,  etc.  Distance  marched, 
about  eleven  miles.  Captain  Morrill  on  picket. 

November  22 d — Tuesday. — The  morning  opened  cold  and 
clear.  The  ground  is  frozen  and  we  have  a sharp  wind.  We 


342 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


marched  about  7:00  a.  m.  We  marched  beside  the  road  oc- 
cupied by  the  Seventeenth  Corps  until  noon,  then  we  halted 
one  hour  for  dinner  in  an  open  field.  We  reached  Gordon  at 
2:30  P.  M.  and  camped  near  town,  after  having  marched  eight 
miles.  Brisk  cannonading  in  the  direction  of  Macon.  At 
6:00  p.  m.  our  regiment  went  out  on  the  Macon  railroad  and 
destroyed  one  and  one-half  miles  of  track,  working  until  11:00 
p.  M.,  when  we  returned  to  camp.  Weather  cold  and  windy. 

November  23d — Wednesday . — Remained  in  camp.  Wind  in 
south.  Cold.  Water  freezing. 

November  24-th — Thursday. — At  11:00  a.  m.  we  moved  camp 
three-fourths  of  a mile  to  west  side  of  Gordon,  the  Fourth 
Division  passing  to  the  south.  One  commissioned  officer  and 
ten  men  detailed  for  provost  duty  at  division  headquarters. 
An  order  was  read  from  General  Sherman,  which  stated  that, 
“Any  soldier  caught  stealing  or  pillaging,  or  burning  houses 
Avhen  occupied  by  a family  living  there,  should,  upon  convic- 
tion, be  shot.”  “ Sam  and  I have  run  away  from  the  I’egiment 
and  got  into  an  empty  house  to  sleep.  Oh ! how  nice  to  get 
by  a fire  that  does  not  smoke,  and  have  a floor  to  sleep  on.” — 
[Extract  from  diary  of  a Company  K man. — Ed.]  The  Sev- 
enteenth Corps  passed  us  to-day. 

November  25th  — Friday. — Left  camp  at  10:00  a.  M.,our  regi- 
ment being  in  the  rear  of  our  division  and  our  division  in  the 
rear  of  the  army.  Heard  cannonading  toward  Macon.  We 
reached  Irwinton  [population,  1880,  264]  at  6:00  P.  M,,  having 
marched  twelve  miles.  We  halted  at  noon  to-day  and  had  for 
dinner  one  hardtack  and  a small  piece  of  meat.  Roads  sandy. 
Water  plenty.  Country  rolling  and  covered  with  yellow  pine 
timber.  But  few  negroes  are  seen,  nearly  all  having  been 
taken  south.  Twenty  men  from  Company  K were  detailed 
to-day  to  burn  cotton  along  the  road. 

November  26th — Saturday. — The  band,  as  usual,  blew  the 
reveille  at  dawn.  All  was  so  still  and  clear  this  morning  that 
the  sweet  melody  echoed  and  re  echoed  from  hill  to  -woodland 
until  the  air  seemed  filled  with  the  sweetest  of  music,  that  died 
away  in  the  distant  dells  that  were  still  hid  in  the  gloom  of 
early  morning.  After  breakfasting  as  veterans  know  how,  on 
the  shortest  notice,  especially  when  supplies  are  furnished  by 


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343 


foragers,  we  marched  at  7:00  a.  m.  and  at  2:00  P.  M.  we  camped 
four  miles  from  the  Oconee  river.  Weather  warm  and  pleas- 
ant. It  was  reported  at  sunset  that  a rebel  brigade  was  only 
two  miles  from  our  camp.  Distance  marched  to-day,  twelve 
miles.  The  Fourth  Minnesota  and  Forty-eighth  and  Fifty- 
ninth  Indiana  were  train  guard  to-day,  marching  outside  the 
road  from  the  train. 

November  27th  — Sunday.  — We  marched  at  5:30  a.  m.  through 
a swamp  to  the  river  and  crossed  it  at  eight  o’clock  on  a pon- 
toon bridge  at  Ball’s  Ferry.  We  ran  into  the  Seventeenth  Corps. 
We  took  the  wrong  road  and  lost  two  miles.  Turned  back 
and  stacked  arms  and  waited  until  our  division  had  crossed 
over  and  closed  up.  By  order  of  the  commanding  general 
about  six  hundred  disabled  and  surplus  horses  and  mules  Avere 
shot  by  a detail,  part  of  Avhom  were  from  our  regiment,  before 
crossing  the  river.  We  finally  got  on  the  right  road  by  taking 
the  left-hand  one.  After  marching  about  ten  miles  further  Ave 
Avent  into  camp  in  a cornfield  at  Irwin  cross-roads.  Distance 
marched,  tAvelve  miles.  Weather  fair.  Bine  Avoods. 

November  28th — Monday.  — Reveille  at  5:00  a.  m.  Left  camp 
at  seven.  Our  regiment  Avas  deployed  to  march  by  the  side  of 
the  train.  Forage  is  plentiful.  The  country  is  generally  level 
and  heavily  Avooded  with  yellow  pine.  These  are  the  pine 
barrens  of  the  coast  country.  The  ground  seems  to  be  noth- 
ing but  white  sand,  so  Avhite  that  it  is  painful  to  the  eyes  in 
the  bright  sunshine.  Our  division  has  picked  up  about  tAVO 
hundred  prisoners.  After  marching  about  eighteen  miles  we 
Avent  into  camp  at  sunset. 

November  29th — Tuesday.  — Left  camp  at  6:00  A.  M.  After 
marching  about  five  miles  we  stopped  to  rest  and  had  a cup  of 
coffee.  General  Sherman  came  up  about  1:00  P.  M.  The  cot- 
ton burning  detail  captured  eight  rebels  to-day  in  a gin  house 
and  tAvo  more  Avere  burned  in  the  cotton  before  the  detail 
kneAv  that  they  Avere  hiding  in  it.  Camped  by  a small  stream 
in  the  forest.  Company  A is  detailed  as  provost  guard  at 
headquarters  of  the  Fifteenth  Corps.  Camped  after  marching 
seventeen  miles.  Saw  plenty  of  houses  to-day  that  had  been 
deserted. 


344 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


November  30th — Wednesday. — We  drew  rations  this  morn- 
ing, or  rather  quarter  rations.  We  get  now  one  hardtack  a 
day.  Foraging  in  these  pine  woods  is  pretty  slim  business. 
It  is  said  that  we  have  orders  to  march  twenty  miles  a day 
hereafter.  We  took  the  road  at  seven  this  morning  and  made 
very  slow  progress  on  account  of  sloughs.  Company  K made 
out  a montly  report  last  night.  We  marched  to-day  in  rear  of 
the  brigade.  We  saw  hut  few  inhabitants.  We  are  still 
among  the  pines.  Camped  at  dark  near  Summerville,  after 
having  marched  fifteen  miles.  The  enemy  is  said  to  be  just 
ahead. 

Returns  for  November,  1864. — Enlisted  men  present  for  duty,  455;  extra  and 
daily  duty,  52;  sick,  82;  total  present,  589.  Officers  present  for  duty,  25;  ex- 
tra and  daily  duty,  2;  sick,  1;  total,  28.  Aggregate  present  and  absent,  776. 

December  1st — Thursday. — Left  camp  at  Summerville  at  8:00 
A.  M.  The  Fourth  Regiment  march  as  flankers  in  the  rear  of 
the  brigade.  Marched  until  5:30  P.  M.  and  camped.  We  had 
frequent  halts  during  the  day  and  the  Pioneer  Corps  was  busy 
building  corduroy.  Reports  were  sent  to  brigade  headquarters. 
Distance  marched,  ten  miles.  The  weather  is  warm,  like 
springtime,  and  marching  along  these  roads  is  very  tedious  and 
tiresome.  Some  of  the  boys  killed  a snake  twelve  feet  long. 
It  was  called  a pine  snake.  Rations  are  getting  more  scarce 
and  are  highly  prized. 

These  pines  are  the  famous  turpentine  pine,  whose  tall,  smooth  trunks  rise 
high  in  the  air  to  the  first  limb.  They  are  from  one  to  two  feet  in  diameter 
and  are  thinly  scattered  over  the  ground,  so  that  one  can  see  nearly  a mile 
through  the  forest  in  many  places,  as  there  is  no  undergrowth.  The  turpentine 
pine  is  peculiar  in  the  length  of  its  leaves,  which  are  from  eight  to  fifteen 
inches  long.  In  such  a wood,  lit  up  by  our  hundreds  of  campfires  at  night, 
nothing  can  be  more  beautiful  than  these  pine  leaves  swinging  aloft  in  the 
night  bieeze,  like  silver  fringe,  through  which  the  twinkling  stars  shine  like 
gems,  altogether  forming  a canopy  that  can  never  be  surpassed  in  beauty  by 
art  of  man.  For  Sherman’s  gallant  army  such  is  a fitting  canopy,  and  the  at- 
tending lullaby  song  of  those  leafy  boughs,  softly  sung  in  ceaseless  strains,  is 
only  needed  to  complete  the  charm  of  our  soldier-life  and  woo  us  to  a slumber 
so  sweet  and  refreshing  after  the  weariness  of  the  day’s  march.  On  such  a 
night  and  amid  such  enchanting  surroundings  our  tuba-player  found  that  some 
wretched  being,  out  of  harmony  with  the  scene  and  time,  had  in  very  wanton- 
ness of  spirit  actually  coveted,  and,  worse  still,  had  taken  and  carried  off  his 
haversack,  with  all  its  life-sustaining  contents.  In  these  pine  woods  and  pov- 


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345 


erty  of  commissary  supplies,  when  a soldier  loses  his  haversack  he  has  lost 
his  all.  He  is  undone.  The  antics  of  the  poor  tuba-player  and  his  wonderful 
eloquence  in  his  expressions  of  disgust  were  really  laughable  in  spite  of  the 
gravity  of  the  situation.  He  searched  for  the  lost  haversack  as  only  the  des- 
perate could,  and  his  perseverance  was  finally  rewarded  by  his  finding  another 
as  full,  or  more  so.  Whether  the  loss  of  a haversack  will  be  passed  on  from 
one  poor  soldier  to  another  until  we  reach  the  coast,  who  can  tell  ? 

December  2d — Friday.  — We  moved  at  six  o’clock  this  morn- 
ing, passing  through  a wet,  sloughy  country.  We  captured 
some  prisoners  during  the  day.  After  marching  about  five 
miles  we  halted  to  rest.  Our  regiment  is  rearguard  for  the 
train.  We  camped  at  sundown  in  woods.  Distance  marched, 
twelve  miles. 

December  3d — Saturday.  — We  remained  in  camp  all  day  and 
in  the  afternoon  had  inspection  by  Warren.  The  whole  army 
rested.  Water  is  plenty  and  the  weather  is  fine. 

December  4-th — Sunday.  — We  left  camp  at  five  this  morning 
and  after  marching  about  five  miles  stopped  to  rest.  The 
roads  are  bad  and  sloughy  and  we  are  still  among  the  pines. 
The  enemy  hangs  around  our  flanks,  hut  does  not  seem  dis- 
posed to  fight.  After  resting  this  forenoon  we  marched  on 
about  four  miles  and  then  stopped  for  dinner,  resting  one  hour, 
and  then  moved  on  until  7:00  p.  m.,  when  we  camped  near 
Statesboro,  among  the  pines  and  sloughs.  The  Pioneer  Corps 
are  building  roads  and  bridges.  Distance  marched  to-day, 
about  sixteen  miles. 

December  5th  — Monday.  — We  moved  on  this  morning  at 
6:30  A.  m.,  marching  slowly,  our  right  in  the  advance  to-day. 
Passed  through  the  dilapidated  little  town  with  the  large  name 
of  Statesboro.  [Population,  1880,  200.]  We  passed  a mill 
where  a negro  was  grinding  corn  for  the  rebels.  We  got 
plenty  of  forage.  Country  more  level  and  the  pine  trees  are 
smaller.  Distance  marched  to-day,  seventeen  or  eighteen  miles. 

December  6th — Tuesday. — We  remained  in  camp  all  day. 
Sent  out  all  of  our  teams  after  forage  and  got  plenty.  The 
weather  looks  like  rain. 

December  7th — Wednesday. — We  left  camp  at  8:00  a.  m.  in  a 
heavy  rainstorm.  We  marched  three  miles  over  very  bad 
roads.  The  country  is  level,  and  the  pine  timber  is  every- 


340  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1864 

where.  We  camped,  at  sunset,  within  three  miles  of  the 
Ogeechee  river.  Distance  marched,  eleven  miles. 

j December  8th — Thursday. — Left  camp  at  8:00  a.  m.  Marched 
about  a mile  and  rested  all  day.  Houghton  of  Company  K 
was  relieved  from  duty  at  corps  headquarters  and  joined  his 
company.  Our  forces  have  met  with  some  opposition  in  lay- 
ing pontoons  across  the  Ogeechee  river,  and  it  is  said  that  we 
have  been  waiting  here  for  Kilpatrick’s  cavalry  to  drive  the 
enemy  from  the  other  side  of  the  river. 

December  9th  — Friday. — We  marched  at  6:00  a.  m.  Crossed 
the  Ogeechee  river  at  8:00  a.  m.  on  a pontoon  bridge.  We 
marched  in  a southeast  direction  on  a road  leading  to  the 
canal,  and  camped  within  a half  mile  of  the  canal  at  3:30  p.  m. 
Distance  marched,  twelve  miles.  We  heard  heavy  cannonad- 
ing on  our  left  and  ahead.  Our  regiment  camped  behind  rifle- 
pits  made  by  the  Fourth  Division.  The  weather  is  cold  and 
damp.  We  are  among  the  pines  and  live-oaks.  Country  level. 
Our  rations  are  out  and  we  are  faring  hard. 

December  10th — Saturday. — We  left  camp  at  7:00  a.  m., 
leaving  our  supply  train  behind  us.  Crossing  the  canal  we 
marched  down  the  tow-path  on  the  south  side  toward  Savan- 
nah. Good  road,  but  very  narrow.  Swamp  on  either  side. 
Pines,  cypress,  live-oak  and  magnolia  are  the  principal  trees. 
The  weather  is  cold  and  a chilly  mist  is  above  and  around  us, 
which,  rising  from  the  flow  water  of  the  swamp  and  canal, 
gives  a spectral  appearance  to  the  long  lines  of  blue-coats. 
After  marching  ten  miles  we  halted.  Ahead  of  us  a swamp 
and  a rebel  fort.  Wanted  to  go  on  to  Savannah,  four  miles 
distant,  but  could  not.  Sharp  skirmishing  soon  began  with- 
out any  needless  preliminaries.  The  regiment  filed  off  to  the 
right,  double-quick,  and  formed  in  line  of  battle  facing  the 
swamp  and  fort  that  were  just  beyond.  We  advanced  about 
two  hundred  yards  and  halted,  the  rebel  batteries  all  of  the  time 
throwing  shells  at  us.  One  man  was  wounded  by  a musket 
ball  from  a sharpshooter.  After  dark  we  dug  rifle-pits  near 
the  edge  of  the  swamp.  There  was  a cold  rain  during  the 
night.  No  fires.  No  tents,  and  but  a few  of  our  men  had 
blankets.  The  ground  is  low  and  level.  Torpedoes  are  planted 
in  this  vicinity. 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


347 


December  11th — Sunday. — No  rations,  and  no  fires  are  allowed 
to  cook  them  with  if  we  had  any.  At  8:00  A.  M.  were  ordered 
back  to  first  bridge  over  the  canal.  We  then  marched  on 
the  road  leading  to  the  south,  and  after  counter-marching 
camped  one-half  a mile  from  the  bridge.  At  8:00  p.  m.  we 
moved  south  to  within  one  and  one-half  miles  of  Miller’s 
Station,  on  the  Georgia  railroad,  running  the  blockade  of  a 
rebel  battery.  Had  it  been  daylight  we  would  have  received 
a salute.  At  eleven  o’clock  we  camped  in  an  open  field. 
Cold,  bitterly  cold,  and  no  wood  near.  Country  fine  and 
open.  Large  rice  and  cotton  plantations.  Beautiful  groves  of 
oak,  pine  and  magnolia.  The  tide  sets  up  the  streams  empty- 
ing into  the  sound.  Distance  marched,  seven  miles.  Capt.  D.  L. 
Wellman  and  Martin  Ransom  of  Company  I were  both  injured 
this  morning  bv  the  enemy’s  fire.  “Little  Abe”  (Captain 
Murphy’s  colored  servant)  used  to  carry  his  fighting  cocks 
under  his  arm,  and  when  the  regiment  would  stop  on  the  road 
or  in  camp  would  favor  the  boys  with  a cock-fight.  While  in 
front  of  and  quite  near  the  enemy’s  lines  here  at  Savannah 
this  morning,  Abe’s  rooster  began  to  crow  lustily,  and  soon  the 
enemy  fired  a shell  which  exploded  in  front  of  Capt.  D.  L. 
Wellman  of  Company  I and  a piece  of  it  cut  off*  the  front 
of  his  hat.  skinned  his  nose  and  hit  him  on  his  shoulder, 
cutting  a hole  in  the  cape  of  his  overcoat.  The  captain  picked 
up  the  piece  of  shell  [and  has  it  yet].  Turning  to  Abe,  he 
told  him  to  “ Choke  that  rooster  and  stop  its  crowing.”  “ I’se 
dun  gone  an’  dun  dat,  Massa  Wellman.”  said  Abe,  as  he  held 
the  fowl  by  its  neck.  [Abe  continued  to  be  the  servant  of  Capt. 
D.  M.  G.  Murphy  until  the  close  of  the  war.]  Martin  Ransom 
was  wounded  this  morning,  as  the  regiment  was  moving 
out,  by  a piece  of  shell  or  shot  of  some  kind  that  struck  him 
on  the  jaw  and  injured  him  so  severely  that  for  about  two  weeks 
he  could  use  no  solid  food  and  was  only  able  to  pour  down  a 
little  soup.  [Joseph  Babb  of  Company  I informs  us  that  he 
was  injured  at  Savannah  in  December  by  a fall. — Ed.] 

December  12th — Monday. — At  7:00  a.  m.  we  marched  to 
Miller’s  Station  on  the  Georgia  railroad.  Saw  the  remains  of 
a train  of  cars  that  had  been  burned  yesterday  by  the  Fourth 


348 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


Division.  We  went  into  camp  on  the  railroad,  near  the  station 
and  one  and  a half  miles  from  the  bridge  across  the  Little 
Ogeechee.  Pleasant  camp  in  groves  of  pine  and  live-oak,  on 
the  border  of  a large  plantation  and  within  half  a mile  of  tide- 
water, that  sets  hack  over  the  extensive  marsh  at  the  head  of 
the  sound  and  island,  visible  away  off  to  seaward.  Our  sol- 
diers are  digging  clams  on  the  marsh.  Beautiful  country. 
Plantations  are  like  prairies  fringed  with  groves.  Distance 
marched  to-day,  three  miles. 

In  speaking  of  the  regiment  moving  to  the  rear  and  the 
bivouac  last  night,  Mr.  Muzzy  says: 

We  passed  the  batteries  without  accident  and  retired  so  far  to  the  rear  as 
to  allow  us  to  have  campfires,  for  the  night  was  very  cold.  Our  camp  was  in 
an  old  field  near  a large  rice  mill,  and  fuel  being  scarce  that  large  mill  soon 
came  tumbling  down,  although  it  was  a substantial  four-story  structure,  and 
our  campfires  soon  burned  cheerfully,  and  by  midnight  we  were  as  comfortable 
as  the  cold  wind  would  admit. 

December  13tli — Tuesday. — Remained  in  camp.  The  skir- 
mishers of  our  brigade  are  at  work  near  the  bridge  at  the 
Little  Ogeechee.  We  had  mussel  stew  to  our  hearts’  content 
last  night.  We  are  in  camp  east  of  the  Savannah  & Gulf  rail- 
road. Heavy  cannonading  all  day  in  the  direction  of  Fort 
McAllister.  At  sunset  we  heard  the  noise  of  the  charge  on 
this  fort,  eight  miles  distant,  by  General  Hazen’s  Second 
Division  of  the  Fifteenth  Corps.  Hazen  was  formerly  colonel 
of  the  Forty -first  Ohio  Infantry.  The  noise  of  the  conflict 
was  a succession  of  heavy  guns  and  dull  reports  of  musketry. 
It  was  over  in  fifteen  minutes.  Bets  on  success  and  repulse 
were  offered  and  taken.  Fort  McAllister  is  a heavy  earthwork, 
mounting  seventeen  guns,  on  the  Great  Ogeechee,  eighteen 
miles  southwest  of  Savannah,  and  commands  the  river.  If 
taken,  our  fleet  can  come  up  the  river  to  or  near  us  with 
rations. 

December  llyth — Wednesday. — Capt.  T.  P.  Wilson,  acting 
quartermaster,  visited  our  regiment  to-day,  and  with  Adjt.  W. 
W.  Rich  went  to  the  bank  of  the  Great  Ogeechee,  six  miles 
south  of  our  camp  and  within  three  miles  of  Fort  McAllister, 
which  was  plainly  visible,  with  the  stars  and  stripes  flying  from 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INPANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


349 


its  flag-staff.  It  was  taken  by  assault  last  evening  at  sunset. 
They  could  see  vessels  against  the  horizon  to  seaward.  Vive! 
Vive!  Crackers  and  gingerbread ! Our  men  have  been  on  very 
short  rations  for  several  days  and  we  have  no  more  on  hand  now 
to  be  issued  excepting  salt.  On  their  way  to  the  river  this  morn- 
ing they  passed  through  some  magnificent  plantations.  On  one 
of  them  they  passed  down  an  avenue  a quarter  of  a mile  in 
length,  forty  feet  wide,  with  giant  live-oaks  on  either  side. 
The  trees  must  be  two  centuries  old,  as  they  are  four  feet  in 
diameter  and  some  of  them  shade  a plat  of  ground  more  than 
three  hundred  feet  in  circumference.  They  also  saw  a palmetto 
tree  and  a garden  that  had  been  laid  out  with  much  skill  and 
kept  in  great  taste.  Wilson  had  taken  possession  of  Cheever’s 
rice  mill  and  is  fitting  it  up  to  hull  rice  for  his  division.  From 
the  roof  of  a shed  attached  to  this  mill  General  Sherman  and 
a good  many  others  witnessed  the  assault  on  McAllister  and 
sent  messages  to  General  Hazen  and  also  to  the  officers  in  our 
fleet. 

Ox  Boakd  Dandelion,  Ossabaw  Sound,  Dec.  13,  1864. 

To  Hon.  E.  31.  Stanton,  Secretary  of  War,  Washington,  D.  C.: 

To  day,  at  5:00  p.  M.,  General  Hazen’s  division  (Second)  of  the  Fifteenth  Corps 
carried  Fort  McAllister  by  assault,  capturing  its  entire  garrison  and  stores. 
This  opened  to  us  Ossabaw  Sound,  and  I pushed  down  to  this  gunboat  to  com- 
municate with  the  fleet.  Before  opening  communication  we  had  completely 
destroyed  all  the  railroads  leading  into  Savannah  and  invested  the  city.  The 
left  of  the  army  is  on  the  Savannah  river,  three  miles  above  the  city,  and  the 
right  on  the  Ogeechee,  at  King’s  bridge.  The  army  is  in  splendid  order  and 
equal  to  anything.  The  weather  has  been  fine  and  supplies  were  abundant. 
Our  march  was  most  agreeable  and  we  were  not  at  all  molested  by  guerrillas. 
We  reached  Savannah  three  days  ago,  but  owing  to  Fort  McAllister  could  not 
communicate;  but  now  that  we  have  McAllister  we  can  go  ahead.  We  have 
already  captured  two  boats  on  the  Savannah  river  and  prevented  their  gunboats 
from  coming  down.  I estimate  the  population  of  Savannah  at  twenty-five 
thousand  and  the  garrison  at  fifteen  thousand.  General  Hardee  commands. 
We  have  not  lost  a wagon  on  the  trip,  but  have  gathered  a large  supply  of  ne- 
groes,- mules,  horses,  etc.,  and  our  teams  are  in  far  better  condition  than  when 
we  started.  My  first  duty  will  be  to  clear  the  army  of  surplus  negroes,  mules 
and  horses.  We  have  utterly  destroyed  over  two  hundred  miles  of  rails,  and 
consumed  stores  and  provisions  that  were  essential  to  Lee’s  and  Hood’s  armies. 
The  quick  work  made  with  McAllister,  the  opening  of  communication  with  our 
fleet,  and  the  consequent  independence  as  to  supplies,  dissipate  all  their  boasted 
threats  to  head  us  off  and  starve  the  army.  I regard  Savannah  as  already  gained. 

Yours  truly, 

W.  T.  Sherman, 
31ajor  General. 


350 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


All  quiet  to-day.  No  cannonading.  The  boys  are  washing 
up  their  clothes.  We  here  found  a class  or  variety  of  negroes 
new  to  us  both  in  color  and  general  appearance.  They  are 
neither  a clear  black  nor  mulatto,  but  a dingy,  dirty  black, 
and  are  not  so  well  built,  limbs  not  so  well  rounded  out  with 
flesh,  nor  can  we  understand  their  gibberish.  We  now  draw 
rations  of  rice  in  the  bundle,  and  have  to  thresh  it,  and  hire  the 
negroes  to  pound  it  in  their  mortars  to  get  the  shell  off  (they 
understand  this  working  in  rice  and  it  is  all  they  do  understand) 
or  we  have  to  parch  it  like  popcorn.  We  gathered  some  salt- 
water clams  when  the  tide  was  out  and  made  soup  of  them,  but 
they  were  not  a success,  being  too  tough  and  tasteless.  Expect 
mail  and  rations  in  a day  or  two.  Weather  warm. 

December  15th — Thursday. — There  was  heavy  firing  along 
the  centre  to-day,  our  loss,  three  men  (not  of  our  regiment). 
Rebel  batteries  were  silenced.  Some  of  the  boys  went  down 
to  the  coast  and  got  oysters  to-day.  They  were  a treat.  Captain 
Morrill  and  other  officers  and  men  went  down  to  the  signal 
station  (on  Cheever’s  rice  mill).  Saw  General  Sherman  and 
Admiral  Dahlgren  and  also  Fort  McAllister.  Very  hot  in  the 
afternoon.  Six  companies,  under  command  of  Capt.  L.  R. 
Wellman,  went  out  as  escort  to  the  division  wagon  train.  Will 
be  absent  two  days  foraging. — [Corp.  John  Anderson  (Second) 
of  Company  A writes  us  that  while  out  foraging  with  his  train 
he  was  captured  by  the  rebels  and  held  a prisoner  until  May 
14,  1865.— Ed.] 

December  16th  — Friday.  — No  rations  now  except  very  poor 
tough  beef  and  rice  in  the  straw.  Siege  guns  are  being  put  in 
place  and  other  preparations  made  for  an  assault  on  the  fortifi- 
cations of  the  enemy.  Remained  in  camp  all  day.  We  hear 
that  we  will  get  mail  to-morrow.  The  most  of  the  regiment 
went  out  with  the  forage  train  on  yesterday. 

December  17th  — Saturday.  — We  got  plenty  of  mail  to-day. 
Hot  and  pleasant.  Still  no  rations. 

December  18th  — Sunday.  — Commenced  to  make  out  muster 
and  payrolls  for  the  non-veterans.  Weather  very  hot.  Got 
letters  from  home  and  also  papers.  Good!  Now  give  us  ra- 
tions and  then  we  will  be  all  right.  Said  a Company  Iv  boy, 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


351 


“I  can  live  a month  now  without  eating;  I have  got  five  letters 
from  my  clear  wife.”  “And  Satan  came  also”  (in  the  shape  of 
copperhead  newspapers),  said  one  of  the  hoys  to-day;  “I  was 
mad  all  night  after  reading  them;  I want  no  more  such  papers. 
They  are  not  worth  the  postage,  except  to  copperheads.” 

Slocum’s  wing  extends  from  the  Savannah  river  to  the  canal 
and  Howard’s  wing  from  the  canal  to  the  extreme  right,  along 
down  the  Little  Ogeechee. 

December  19th  — Monday.  — We  drew  hardtack  last  night 
for  three  days.  When  the  rations  came  in  sight  of  camp  every 
soldier  who  could  make  a noise  jumped  and  shouted  as  loud 
and  as  long  as  his  strength  would  let  him.  Such  cheering  I 
never  heard.  All  of  the  non-vets  whose  time  has  expired  are 
to  be  mustered  out,  and  start  for  home  on  the  first  boat  for 
New  York.  Some  went  on  yesterday.  [By  the  capture  of 
McAllister  our  supply  boats  could  come  up  to  the  army. — Ed.] 
Some  of  the  officers  are  making  out  muster-out  rolls.  We  are 
informed  that  Sherman  has  demanded  the  surrender  of  Savan- 
nah and  that  Hardee  has  refused. 

December  20th — Tuesday.  — We  get  lots  of  rations  now.  Had 
heavy  firing  along  the  whole  line.  We  are  building  a redoubt 
for  four  thirty-pounder  siege  guns,  and  to-morrow  our  boys 
expect  to  make  it  hot  for  the  rebels.  Hot  and  dry.  We  can 
see  the  rebel  forts  and  flags.  Company  K was  busy  all  day 
making  out  muster-out  rolls  and  monthly  returns.  Capt. 
George  A.  Clarke  of  Company  H having  resigned,  was  re- 
lieved to-day  as  provost  marshal  of  the  Third  Division,  Fifteenth 
Army  Corps.  Capt.  D.  L.  Wellman  of  Company  I was  as- 
signed to  duty  by  Gen.  J.  E.  Smith  as  provost  marshal  for  the 
Third  (our)  Division,  Fifteenth  Army  Corps.  Clarke  went  on 
this  staff  duty  July  12th  last.  A commission  was  received 
here  at  Savannah  for  Captain  Clarke,  as  major  of  our  regiment, 
but  he  did  not  muster-in  as  such  previous  to  his  discharge. 
He  has  informed  us  that  he  has  applied  to  the  War  Department 
recently  for  muster  as  major  of  the  regiment  and  that  it  has 
been  allowed  to  date  from  Sept.  14,  1864. — Ed.] 

December  21st — Wednesday.  — We  got  orders  to  break  camp 
and  move  seven  miles  to  a large  rice  plantation,  and  got 


352 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


nearly  there  when  the  news  came  to  ns  that  Savannah  has 
been  evacuated.  It  is  now  ours  and  without  the  expected 
great  battle.  Good!  Thousands  of  good  soldiers  will  now 
rejoice  with  us,  who,  if  the  assault  had  occurred,  would  be  cold 
in  death.  We  had  orders  to  march  into  the  city,  which  we 
gladly  did,  arriving  at  this  camp  in  the  suburbs  at  7:00  p.  m. 
Distance  marched,  thirteen  miles.  The  rebels  evacuated  the  city 
yesterday  at  10:00  A.  M.  by  crossing  the  river  on  the  Union 
causeway  to  Hutchinson’s  Island,  and  then  across  to  the  main 
land  on  the  road  to  Charleston.  The  weather  is  cold.  We 
have  at  last  arrived  at  our  destination,  after  having  made 

A thoroughfare  for  Freedom  and  her  train, 

Sixty  miles  in  latitude,  three  hundred  to  the  main. 

The  following  promotions  were  made  in  the  Fourth  Minne- 
sota after  the  battle  of  Allatoona:  Lieut.  Col.  John  E.  Tour- 

tellotte  to  be  colonel;  Maj.  James  C.  Edson  to  be  lieutenant 
colonel;  Capt.  George  A.  Clarke  of  Company  H to  be  major; 
Lieut.  Charles  W.  Douglas  to  be  captain,  vice  Clarke,  promoted ; 
and  Sergt.  George  Baird  of  Company  K to  be  first  lieuten- 
ant, vice  Douglas,  promoted;  First  Lieut.  George  M.  D.  Lam- 
bert of  Company  A to  be  assistant  surgeon.  Some  of  these 
commissions  were  received  while  the  regiment  was  at  Savan- 
nah, Ga. 

December  — Thursday. — We  moved  our  camp  one-half 
mile  nearer  to  the  heart  of  the  city.  Distance  marched  during 
the  campaign,  about  333  miles.  Capt.  Ira  N.  Morrill  of  Com- 
pany K having  resigned,  was  mustered  out  of  the  service  at  7 
A.  M.  and  ordered  to  turn  over  all  United  States  property  to 
Lieutenant  Douglas  and  make  out  his  clothing,  camp  and  gar- 
rison equipage  reports.  Our  campaign  is  now  ended  and  we 
are  out  of  the  woods  in  every  sense.  We  left  Allatoona  on  the 
twelfth  of  November  and  were  within  five  miles  of  Savannah 
on  the  twelfth  of  December,  having  marched  four  hundred 
miles  in  thirty  days.  Our  regiment  was  in  one  skirmish, 
and  marched  only  three  days  in  the  rain.  Yes,  Savanuah 
is  ours,  with  all  its  millions  of  dollars’  worth  of  cotton  and 
other  valuable  merchandise.  Our  camp  is  near  some  old  earth- 


1864] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


353 


works  of  the  War  of  1812.  They  must  have  been  very  heavy 
works,  as  they  are  five  or  six  feet  high  row. 

On  Dec.  22,  1864,  General  Sherman  sent  the  following  to 
President  Lincoln,  which  reached  him  on  Christmas  Eve: 

I beg  to  present  you,  as  a Christmas  gift,  the  city  of  Savannah,  with  one 
hundred  and  fifty  guns  and  plenty  of  ammunition,  and  also  about  twenty-five 
thousand  bales  of  cotton. 

And  he  said  in  his  otficial  report: 

I estimate  the  damage  to  Georgia  at  a hundred  millions  of  dollars,  at  least 
twenty  millions  of  which  has  inured  to  our  advantage,  and  the  remainder  is 
simply  waste  and  destruction.  This  may  seem  a hard  species  of  warfare,  but 
it  brings  the  sad  realities  of  war  home  to  those  who  have  been  directly  or  in- 
directly instrumental  in  involving  us  in  its  attendant  calamities.  * * * 
As  to  the  rank  and  file  of  my  army,  they  seem  so  full  of  confidence  in  them- 
selves that  I doubt  if  they  want  a compliment  from  me.  But  I must  do  them 
the  justice  to  say  that  whether  called  on  to  fight,  to  march,  to  wade  streams, 
to  make  roads,  clear  out  obstructions,  build  bridges,  make  corduroy  or  tear  up 
railroads,  they  have  done  it  with  alacrity  and  a degree  of  cheerfulness  unsur- 
passed. A little  loose  in  foraging,  they  “did  some  things  they  ought  not  to 
have  done,”  yet  on  the  whole  they  have  supplied  the  wants  of  the  army  with 
as  little  violence  as  could  be  expected. 

President  Lincoln  wrote: 

Many  thanks  for  your  Christmas  gift.  When  you  were  about  leaving  At- 
lanta for  the  coast  I was  anxious,  if  not  fearful.  Now,  the  undertaking  being  a 
success,  the  honor  is  all  yours. 

And  General  Grant  also  wrote: 

I congratulate  you  and  the  brave  officers  and  men  under  your  command  on 
the  successful  termination  of  your  most  brilliant  campaign.  I never  had  a 
doubt  of  the  result.  When  apprehensions  for  your  safety  were  expressed  by 
the  President  I assured  him  that  with  the  army  you  had  and  with  you  in  com- 
mand of  it,  there  was  no  danger  but  you  would  reach  salt  water  at  some  place. 

And  General  Halleck  wrote: 

Your  march  will  stand  out  prominently  as  the  great  one  of  this  great  war. 

It  turned  out  that  there  were  more  than  two  hundred  and 
fifty  siege  guns  and  thirty-one  thousand  bales  of  cotton  at 
Savannah. 

December  23d — Friday. — The  troops  are  quietly  enjoying 
their  well-earned  rest  and  victory.  History  will  accord  to  us  the 
glory  due  for  this  great  march,  and  cutting  the  Confederacy 
in  twain,  regardless  of  any  force  they  could  bring  to  oppose  us. 

23 


354 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1864 


We  find  Savannah  to  be  an  old  and  well-built  town,  whose 
chief  attractions  are  its  broad,  shaded  streets,  public  buildings 
and  monuments,  which  have  a national  reputation.  [Popula- 
tion, Savannah,  Ga.,  1880,  30,700.] 

STRENGTH  OF  THE  ARMY,  ATLANTA  TO  SAVANNAH. 


Army. 

November  10th. 

December  1st. 

December  20th. 

52,  790 
4, 901 
1,788 

55, 3'29 
5, 063 
1,812 

54, 255 
4, 584 
1,759 

59,  545 

62,  204 

60,  598 

STATEMENT  OF  CASUALTIES  AND  PRISONERS  CAPTURED  BY  THE  ARMY  IN  THE 
FIELD  CAMPAIGN  OF  GEORGIA. 


Commands. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

Aggregate. 

Captured. 

Aggregate. 

Commissioned 

Officers. 

Enlisted 

Men. 

Commissioned 

Officers. 

H3 

-2  d 
.2  v 
'c  S 
W 

Commissioned 

Officers. 

Enlisted 
M»  n. 

Commissioned 

Officers. 

Enlisted 

Men. 

Right  wing,  Army  of  the  Ten- 

nessee.Mai.Gen.O.O.Howard 

5 

35 

11 

172 

19 

242 

34 

632 

666 

Left  wing,  14th  and  20th  Corps, 

Maj.Gen.H.  W.  Slocum  com- 

manding 

2 

23 

6 

112 

i 

258 

402 

30 

409 

439 

Cavalry  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  J. 

Kilpatrick  commanding 

3 

35 

7 

120 

120 

13 

220 

233 

Total 

10 

93 

24 

404 

i 

277 

764 

77 

1,261 

1,338 

Mr.  Muzzy  says,  under  date  of  December  24th: 

There  was  a grand  review  to  day  of  the  Fifteenth  Army  Corps,  and  a grand 
sight  it  was  — four  miles  of  troops  were  marching  by  companies  closed  to  half 
distance,  whose  firm,  quick  step  was  in  perfect  time.  The  arms  glistened  in 
the  sunshine,  banners  gaily  fluttered  in  the  breeze.  But  the  bands,  playing 
inspiring  airs,  were  really  the  mainspring  of  that  splendid  movement,  for  they 
defined  the  time  and  inspired  the  men  with  a vim  and  pride  that  proved  them 
every  whit  soldiers.  Such  a body  of  men  ought  to  gladden  the  heart  of  any 
general,  and  how  much  more  the  heart  of  General  Sherman,  who  sees  in  them 
the  glorious  results  of  his  fostering  care  and  victories  on  many  a bloody  field. 
Well  may  his  eyes  fill  with  tears  and  his  heart  swell  with  pride  at  beholding 
that  body  of  invincible  men  — his  men  — who  never  doubted  him  nor  faltered 
in  performing  his  orders.  Such  men  and  such  a general  should  be  our  nation’s 
pride. 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


355 


December  25tl\ — Sunday  and  Christmas. — The  officers  of  the 
Fourth  hacl  a Christmas  dinner  at  2:00  p.  m.  Morrill  went  up 
to  General  Smith’s  headquarters  to  supper.  Had  oysters  raw, 
stewed,  and  also  oyster  pie  and  some  good  brandy.  The 
Fourth  Minnesota  Band  serenaded  Generals  Sherman  and 
Howard  at  daylight  and  sunrise  this  morning  and  were 
received  with  many  words  of  kindness  and  good  cheer. 

December  27th — Tuesday. — We  are  quietly  resting  in  camp, 
with  only  our  ordinary  camp  duties  to  perform,  such  as  roll 
calls,  guard  mount,  dress  parade,  etc.  We  had  rain  last  night. 
The  Fourteenth  Army  Corps  had  a review  to-day  by  General 
Sherman  in  front  of  the  Commercial  buildings. 

It  was  first  thought  best  to  transfer  Sherman’s  army  by  sea 
to  Virginia,  but  this  plan  was  abandoned,  and  on  December 
27th  he  was  ordered  to  move  north  by  land.  His  army  num- 
bered sixt}7  thousand  men  and  was  accompanied  by  sixty-eight 
guns  and  two  thousand  five  hundred  wagons. 

December  28tli — Wednesday. — Warm  and  raining,  with  heavy 
thunder  and  lightning.  Last  night  a rebel  blockade  runner 
came  into  port,  not  having  heard  that  the  cit}T  had  changed 
hands,  with  a cargo  of  tea,  coffee,  sugar  and  bacon.  This 
morning  when  they  saw  the  stars  and  stripes  floating  over 
town  they  realized  the  situation  and  surrendered  as  gracefully 
as  possible. 

Captains  Morrill,  Russell,  Clarke  and  Surgeon  Cross  left  Sa- 
vannah to-day  at  7:00  a.  m.,  on  a steamboat  for  Minnesota. 

They  passed  Fort  Jackson  at  9:00  A.  M.,  Pulaski  at  11:00  a.  m.  and  arrived 
at  Hilton  Head  at  4:00  p.m.  Stopped  at  the  Port  Royal  House.  Took  pas- 
sage the  twenty-ninth  on  steamship  Ashland.  Left  Port  Royal  on  the  thirtieth 
at  6:00  p.  M.  Weather  fair,  but  on  the  thirty-first,  before  dinner,  almost  every- 
body on  board  was  sea-sick.  The  sea  was  rough  and  the  hatchways  were 
lashed  down.  Wind  southeast  and  blowing  hard.  Water  one  hundred  and 
twenty  feet  deep  and  running  ten  miles  an  hour.  On  January  1st. — Still  blow- 
ing hard.  Out  of  sight  of  land.  January  2d. — Weather  some  better  and  wind 
not  blowing  quite  so  hard.  January  3d. — At  Jersey  shore  at  11:00  A.  M.  Ar- 
rived at  New  York  at  10:00  p.  M.,  and  left  New  York  for  Minnesota  on  the 
fourth  at  6:00  P.  M.,  on  the  Erie  road. — [Morrill's  Diary.'] 

Captain  Morrill  writes  us: 

Doctor  Cross,  Capt.  Geo.  A.  Clarke  and  myself  were  mustered  out  of  service 
at  Savannah  and  went  by  boat  to  New  York,  arriving  there  about  the  second 


356 


HISTOEY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


day  of  January,  1865.  Our  first  business  was  to  get  an  order  for  transporta- 
tion. We  were  obliged  to  apply  to  the  headquarters  of  General  Dix.  We  ap- 
pointed Captain  Clarke  as  spokesman  for  the  occasion.  We  followed  Clarke, 
who  led  the  way,  into  the  office,  and  not  beiDg  informed  in  regard  to  this  point 
of  military  discipline,  we  all  omitted  raising  our  hats,  which  was  quickly 
noticed  by  the  subordinates,  Clarke  first  making  the  inquiry,  if  this  was  Gen- 
eral Dix’s  headquarters,  when  one  of  the  officers  said  to  us:  “You  will  take  off 
your  hats  when  you  enter  the  office  of  General  Dix.”  Clarke  replied:  “Not 
by  a damned  sight!  We  don’t  know  that  we  are  in  General  Dix’s  headquarters. 
We  have  looked  around  some  time  to  find  such  a place.  Our  business  here  is  for 
an  order  for  transportation  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.”  A second  time  we  were  re- 
minded of  our  negligence  in  not  removing  our  hats,  when  Clarke  answered  that 
we  had  just  been  engaged  in  a business  that  was  more  profitable  than  raising 
hats  to  an  officer,  especially  when  we  did  not  see  any  insignia  of  rank,  and 
added,  “I  presume  I now  outrank  any  of  you  here.”  Our  hats  were  not  re- 
moved from  our  heads  and  we  succeeded  in  getting  our  order  for  transportation 
and  left  for  St.  Paul. 

December  29th — Thursday.  — The  regiment  has  resumed  its 
daily  drills  and  the  band  its  practice.  They  must  practice  to 
keep  from  getting  rusty,  for  we  are  soon  to  be  off  again. 

December  30th  — Friday.  — We  are  looking  for  some  distin- 
guished officers  to  visit  us  to-day  in  our  tattered  garments, 
and  we  fear  that  we  will  make  a sorry  appearance  compared  to 
their  Eastern  and  more  stylish  army.  But,  thank  God!  we  are 
proud  of  our  cuts  and  scars,  which  show  plainly  through  the 
holes  in  our  worn-out  uniforms. 

December  31st — Saturday  — Light  rain  to-day  and  everything 
quiet.  We  have  plenty  of  time  to  see  the  town  and  enjoy  its 
beauties.  It  is  pleasant  to  note  the  absence  of  that  bitter  rebel 
spirit,  manifested  so  freely  by  the  citizens  — especially  ladies  — 
of  many  other  rebel  cities.  These  people  seem  to  see  the  folly 
of  playing  the  rebel  and  are  glad  that  the  foolishness  is  over. 

January  1st  — Sunday. — We  are  beginning  to  talk  and  pre- 
pare for  another  campaign.  General  Sherman,  in  a speech 
on  Christmas  day,  told  the  soldiers  that  “one  more  short  cam- 
paign was  before  them,  which  would  end  the  war.”  We  all 
hope  that  this  will  be  so.  We  must  give  South  Carolina  a 
taste  of  the  war  such  as  Sherman’s  boys  are  able  to  afford  her, 
and  see  how  she  looks  “ bared  to  the  waist  for  the  conflict,”  as 
her  newspapers  claim  she  is.  They  will  find  out  what  this 
army  is  made  of  before  it  is  done  with  her.  Such  vim  and 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


357 


evidence  of  conscious  strength  and  ability  to  conquer  gives 
promise  of  splendid  triumphs  in  our  next  campaign.  This 
army  is  invincible  against  any  force  that  Jeff.  Davis  can  send 
against  it.  However,  he  will  undoubtedly  keep  his  own  pre- 
cious carcass  well  guarded.  Company  A was  relieved  from 
provost  guard  duty  at  the  headquarters  of  the  Fifteenth  Army 
Corps,  on  which  duty  they  entered  soon  after  leaving  Atlanta. 

January  3d — Tuesday.  — We  expected  to  move  into  town  to- 
day. Our  camp  is  about  one  and  one-half  miles  from  the  city 
hall. 

January  4th — Wednesday. — We  moved  to-day,  not  into 
town,  hut  one  mile  further  away  and  more  to  the  right.  The 
freedmen,  women  and  children,  who  came  with  the  army  from 
their  plantation  homes  when  we  came  through  Georgia,  are  in 
camp  near  here  and  living  in  brush  houses  for  shelter.  There 
are  thousands  of  them.  They  seem  joyous  and  free  from  care 
and  do  not  dream  of  what  is  before  them  when  the  weather 
gets  bad  — without  shelter  or  clothing  enough  to  make  them 
comfortable. 

January  5th  — Thursday.  — Still  in  camp.  Nothing  new. 
Weather  fair  and  cool. 

January  6th  — Friday.  — Rainy  to-day,  but  cleared  off  at  7:00 
p.  m.  Gen.  Giles  A.  Smith’s  division  of  Blair’s  Seventeenth 
Corps  marched  from  Savannah  to  Thunderbolt  Inlet,  on  Was- 
sau  sound,  eight  miles.  They  then  embarked  for  Beaufort, 
N.  C. 

January  7th  — Saturday.  — Cold  and  fair.  The  Fifteenth 
Army  Corps  had  inspection  to-day.  It  stood  high  in  drill  and 
soldierly  bearing. 

January  8th  — Sunday.  — All  quiet  and  pleasant.  Regimen- 
tal inspection  to-day.  The  rumor  is  that  we  are  soon  to  go  to 
Hilton  Head  by  water.  Sixteen  hundred  recruits  (drafted  men 
mostly)  have  reached  Savannah,  some  of  whom  came  to  our 
regiment. 

Headquarters  Military  Division  oe  the  Mississippi. 

In  the  Field,  Savannah,  Ga.,  Jan.  8,  1865. 
Special  Field  Orders,  No.  6: 

The  general  commanding  announces  to  the  troops  composing  the  Military 
Division  of  the  Mississippi  that  he  has  received  from  the  President  of  the 


358 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


United  States,  and  from  Lieutenant  General  Grant,  letters  conveying  their 
high  sense  and  appreciation  of  the  campaign  just  closed,  resulting  in  the  cap- 
ture of  Savannah  and  the  defeat  of  Hood’s  army  in  Tennessee. 

In  order  that  all  may  understand  the  importance  of  events,  it  is  proper  to 
revert  to  the  situation  of  affairs  in  September  last.  We  held  Atlanta  a city  of 
little  value  to  us,  but  so  important  to  the  enemy  that  Mr.  Davis,  the  head  of  the 
rebellious  taction  in  the  South,  visited  his  army  near  Palmetto,  and  commanded 
it  to  regain  the  place  and  also  to  ruin  and  destroy  us,  by  a series  of  measures 
which  he  thought  would  be  effectual.  That  army,  by  a rapid  march,  gained 
our  railroad  near  Big  Shanty,  and  afterward  about  Dalton.  We  pursued  it, 
but  it  moved  so  rapidly  that  we  could  not  overtake  it,  and  General  Hood  led 
his  army  successfully  far  over  toward  Mississippi,  in  hope  to  decoy  us  out  of 
Georgia.  But  we  were  not  thus  to  be  led  away  by  him,  and  preferred  to  lead 
and  control  events  ourselves.  Generals  Thomas  and  Schofield,  commanding 
the  departments  to  our  rear,  returned  to  their  posts  and  prepared  to  decoy  Gen- 
eral Hood  into  their  meshes,  while  we  came  on  to  complete  the  original  journey. 
We  quietly  and  deliberately  destroyed  Atlanta,  and  all  the  railroads  which  the 
enemy  had  used  to  carry  on  war  against  us,  occupied  his  state  capital,  and  then 
captured  his  commercial  capital,  which  had  been  so  strongly  fortified  from  the 
sea  as  to  defy  approach  from  that  quarter.  Almost  at  the  moment  of  our  vic- 
torious entry  into  Savannah  came  the  welcome  and  expected  news  that  our 
comrades  in  Tennessee  had  also  fulfilled  nobly  and  well  their  part;  had  de- 
coyed General  Hood  to  Nashville  and  then  turned  on  him,  defeating  his  army 
thoroughly,  capturing  all  his  artillery,  great  numbers  of  prisoners,  and  were 
still  pursuing  the  fragments  down  in  Alabama.  So  complete  a success  in  mili- 
tary operations,  extending  over  half  a continent,  is  an  achievement  that  en- 
titles it  to  a place  in  the  military  history  of  the  world.  The  armies  serving  in 
Georgia  and  Tennessee,  as  well  as  the  local  garrisons  of  Decatur,  Bridgeport, 
Chattanooga  and  Murfreesboro,  are  alike  entitled  to  the  common  honors,  aud 
each  regiment  may  inscribe  on  its  colors,  at  pleasure,  the  word  “Savannah” 
or  “Nashville.”  The  general  commanding  embraces  in  the  same  general  suc- 
cess the  operations  of  the  cavalry,  under  Generals  Stoneman,  Burbridge  and 
Gillem,  that  penetrated  into  southwest  Virginia  and  paralyzed  the  efforts  of 
the  enemy  to  disturb  the  peace  aud  safety  of  east  Tennessee.  Instead  of  being 
put  on  the  defensive,  we  have  at  all  points  assumed  the  bold  offensive,  and 
have  completely  thwarted  the  designs  of  the  enemies  of  our  country. 

By  order  of  Major  Gen.  W.  T.  Sherman.  L.  M.  Dayton, 

Aid-de-camp. 

January  15th — Sunday.  — Six  of  Company  K are  on  extra 
duty  for  sitting  down  while  on  guard  last  night.  We  drew  the 
first  hardtack  to-day  we  have  drawn  in  two  weeks.  Two  di- 
visions of  the  Twentieth  Corps  have  crossed  the  Savannah 
river  into  South  Carolina,  one  occupying  Purysburg  and  the 
other  Hardeeville,  about  fifteen  miles  from  the  city  and  on  the 
road  to  Robertsville,  S.  C.  The  Seventeenth  Corps,  having  gone 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


359 


by  boat  to  Beaufort  on  this  day,  occupied  Pocotaligo,  the 
enemy  having  abandoned  their  works,  and  our  forces  made  a 
lodgment  near  the  railroad.  Maj.  Gen.  John  A.  Logan  having 
joined  the  army  here  at  Savannah,  Maj.  Gen.  P.  J.  Osterhaus, 
who  commanded  the  Fifteenth  Corps  from  Atlanta  to  Sa- 
vannah, left  our  army  at  this  place  and  reported  to  General 
Canby  at  ISTew  Orleans,  and  was  his  chief-of-staff  in  the  Mobile 
campaign. 

.January  16th  — Monday.  — Quite  a number  of  our  soldiers 
have  the  smallpox,  and  there  is  a pretty  fair  prospect  of  more 
of  them  getting  the  same  disease.  We  get  nearly  full  rations 
now. 


CHAPTER  XV. 


Leaving  Savannah — The  Dike  Across  the  Eiver — Water  Falling;  Water  Rising — 
Battle  with  the  Elements;  Get  Whipped  and  Return — Formation  of  Our 
Army;  of  the  Right  and  Left  Wings — By  Steamship  to  Beaufort — Salt-Water 
Coffee — Leave  Beaufort — Charge  Through  Duck  Creek — Big  “Gater’’ — 
Cross  the  Saulkehatchie — Twist  the  Railroad  at  Bamberg — March  for 
Columbia — Our  Army  on  the  Opposite  Bluff — Capture  of  Columbia — “ God 
Bress  You,  I’se  Free  Now” — Drunken  Soldiers  and  Negroes  Fire  the  City — 
Destroying  Arsenal  Stores — Old  Revolutionary  Relics — Leaving  Colum- 
bia— Little  Lynch’s  Creek — Ramrod  Test — In  the  Wilderness — ‘‘Death  to 
All  Foragers;”  Two  Rebels  Shot  in  Retaliation — Big  Water  at  Big  Lynch’s 
Creek — Big  Black  Creek — Raid  to  Florence — Cheraw — From  a Starve  to  a 
Feast — March  for  Fayetteville — Corduroy — Terrible  Night  at  Shoe-Heel 
Creek — At  Antioch  Church — Fayetteville — Leave  Fayetteville — More 
Wilderness — Marching  Over,  Under  and  Through  Country — Cross  Black 
River. 


January  19th — Thursday.  — Marching  orders  at  last.  We 
broke  camp  at  6:00  a.  m.  and  marched  into  and  through  the 
city.  At  the  foot  of  Whittaker  street  we  marched  onto  a pon- 
toon bridge,  made  of  old  flat,  coal  and  other  boats,  anchored 
across  the  Savannah  river  to  Hutchinson’s  Island  and  over 
the  low  marshy  ground  of  the  island  for  two  miles  to  a second 
pontoon  bridge,  which  was  half  a mile  long.  Rain  com- 
menced falling  and  a cold  wind  blew,  and  with  a surplus  of 
black  mud,  we  waded  on.  Our  division  train  was  ahead  of  us. 
Wagons  got  stuck  in  the  mud.  AVe  halted  after  crossing  the 
second  pontoon.  The  road  is  blockaded  with  the  train  which 
is  stuck  fast  in  the  mud.  The  mules  are  down  and  the  water 
is  rising  rapidly.  Rain  keeps  pouring  down  and  the  regiment 
stands  shivering  on  the  narrow  dike  for  five  hours.  At  4:00  P.  M. 
we  move  up  a quarter  of  a mile  and  camp  among  a few  trees 
about  a plantation  house.  AVater  rising,  water  falling,  and 
wagons  in  places  gone.  Our  men  worked  in  the  night,  drag- 
ging and  digging  out  the  teams  to  save  them.  It  is  terrible,  and 
we  are  all  wet  through  and  covered  with  mud.  We  lie  under 
the  live-oaks  until  morning  without  any  shelter. 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


361 


January  20th — Friday.  — The  water  is  still  rising  and  the 
country  is  flooded.  A part  of  our  division  train  is  lost.  The 
remainder  of  the  train  of  the  Second  Brigade  has  reached  dry 
ground  beyond  the  third  pontoon  bridge.  At  6:00  A.  M.  our 
men  were  detailed  to  pull  down  some  old  rice  mills  and  build 
a plank  road  on  which  to  get  the  train  out.  We  demolished 
the  buildings,  but  were  only  able  to  get  a part  of  the  train. 
The  mules  from  some  of  the  wagons  were  unhitched  and  saved 
and  the  wagons  abandoned.  The  water  is  so  deep  that  some 
of  the  wagons  are  nearly  covered  with  it.  The  road  is  a dike 
between  two  rice  canals  and  is  not  wide  enough  in  such  an 
emergency  as  this.  It  is  said  that  the  road  is  overflowed  for 
eight  miles.  In  the  afternoon  we  started  back  for  Savannah, 
three  miles  distant,  with  the  rain  falling,  and  the  water  still 
rising.  We  reached  our  old  camp  in  the  suburbs  of  the  city 
at  dark,  feeling  very  glad  indeed  that  we  made  our  escape  from 
the  flood  and  mud.  None  of  our  teams  of  the  First  Brigade 
were  lost.  After  we  got  to  camp  we  had  to  carry  wood  for 
fires  one-half  mile  through  the  rain. 

January  21st  — Saturday. — 'The  water  rose  so  high  last  night 
that  the  anchors  to  the  pontoon  boats  were  lifted  and  the 
bridge  was  carried  away.  Our  division  lost  in  the  flood  one 
man  and  sixty  mules  drowned  and  forty  or  fifty  wagons.  Dis- 
tance marched  yesterday,  six  miles.  We  remained  in  camp 
to-day.  The  weather  is  rainy  and  cold.  We  drew  rations. 

Capt.  D.  L.  Wellman  says  of  the  flood: 

When  we  were  ready  to  leave  Savannah  General  Smith  was  ordered  to  cross 
the  river  at  the  pontoon  bridge  and  take  the  dikes  across  the  rice  swamps 
northward,  to  be  followed  by  the  Fourth  Division,  General  Corse.  These  dikes 
in  dry  weather  are  as  good  roads  as  could  be  wished  for,  built  up  from  swamp 
soil  six  to  eight  feet  high  and  about  twelve  feet  wide,  rounded  or  sloping  from 
the  centre.  At  intervals  these  dikes  have  gates  and  bridges  to  control  the 
water  from  flooding  the  rice  fields.  Dikes  and  canals  by  the  side  of  them  cut 
the  whole  country  up  into  small  fields.  It  was  seven  miles  over  these  dikes 
to  the  timber  or  dry  ground.  General  Smith  and  staff  led  off,  followed  by 
Second  Brigade,  General  Kaurn,  then  the  battery,  and  that  followed  by  a 
part  of  the  wagon-train.  Everything  was  lovely  until  we  were  two-thirds  of 
the  way  to  the  woods,  when  it  commenced  to  rain.  The  general  kept  on  until 
two  miles  into  the  woods,  when  we  stopped  for  dinner  and  to  have  the  com- 
mand come  up  for  the  same  purpose.  The  Third  Brigade  arrived  in  due  time 


362 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


hut  the  battery  came  in  straggling,  and  reported  considerable  trouble  in  keep- 
ing their  pieces  from  sliding  off  the  dike  into  the  canal.  The  rain  and  infantry 
marching  had  puddled  the  top  of  the  road  so  that  it  was  like  tar  on  a solid  bot- 
tom, and  if  the  wheels  of  the  battery  did  not  exactly  straddle  the  ridge  or 
centre  they  would  slide  off. 

A part  of  the  wagon  train  came  in  and  reported  seeing  some  go  over  into  the 
canal  — and  finally  nothing  more  came  in  sight  and  it  was  getting  near  night. 
Then  General  Smith  directed  me  to  go  back  until  I found  the  commander  of 
First  Brigade,  Colonel  McCown  of  the  Sixty-third  Illinois,  and  find  out  what  the 
matter  was  that  they  did  not  come  forward  and  “to  assist  him  in  all  that  I could,” 
by  giviug  such  orders  as  the  case  seemed  to  demand  after  viewing  the  road  on 
my  way  back  and  the  condition  that  I should  find  them  iu. 

Back  at  the  edge  of  the  woods  I met  two  of  the  staff  officers  coming  up  — 
Captain  Skinner,  quartermaster,  and  Captain  Roberts,  inspector.  The  quarter- 
master said  he  had  lost  some  of  his  train  in  the  canal  and  to  save  others  had  un- 
hitched the  teams  aud  sent  them  back  to  the  island,  where  the  First  Brigade 
was  waiting  for  the  train  to  get  outof  the  way.  Captain  Roberts  had  left  the  First 
Brigade  commander  to  get  to  General  Smith  and  explain  the  situation  of  affairs. 
In  riding  back  I found  places  where  the  water  was  running  over  the  dike  and 
had  cut  channels  so  that  the  water  was  belly-deep  to  the  horse,  while  train 
wagons  were  standing  square  across  the  road  that  had  been  pulled  up  to  save 
them,  after  the  hind  wheels  had  slid  around  ready  to  fall  over  into  the  canal  if 
moved  a step  further  ahead.  Just  at  dark  I found  the  First  Brigade  on  the 
island  where  some  large  rice  mills  were  located.  This  was  a high  spot  of 
ground  on  the  bank  of  the  river  and  called  an  island  in  the  rice  swamp.  The 
First  Brigade  had  crossed  the  bridge  (pontoon)  early  in  the  morning,  and  been 
all  day  “ ready  to  march  on  a moment’s  notice”  and  yet  not  a mile  from  the 
city.  Pitch-dark  and  a rainy  night  was  on  them. 

Colonel  McCown,  commanding,  was  anxious  to  move  forward  as  per  his 
orders  of  the  morning,  but  I told  him  that  he  could  not  obey  without  swimming 
his  troops,  and  gave  him  orders  to  go  into  camp  for  the  night,  and  that  I would 
go  to  General  Logan  in  the  city  in  the  morning  at  daylight  aud  report  matters. 

In  the  morning  it  was  a sea  of  water  from  the  island  to  the  timber,  with  the 
dikes  showing  only  a part  of  the  way.  I found  General  Logan  at  his  head- 
quarters just  ready  to  take  the  steamer  for  Beaufort.  I told  him  where  and 
how  I had  left  General  Smith;  that  there  was  a sea  of  water  now  where  yester- 
day was  dry  land,  and  that  the  First  Brigade  was  on  the  island  just  across  the 
river  yet,  and  in  my  opinion  ought  to  be  called  back  from  there  because  the 
pontoon  was  being  badly  strained  and  might  be  wrecked  with  the  high  waters, 
and  I did  not  want  any  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota  drowned.  Yes!  Yes!  He 
knew  that  the  way  had  not  been  open  yet  for  General  Corse  to  follow  General 
Smith  yesterday,  so  he  had  not  broke  camp,  but  he  had  j ust  given  him  orders  to 
start  his  command  and  go  over  and  straighten  out  matters,  and  then  he  tried  to 
dismiss  me  and  started  for  the  boat  again.  I asked  him  what  he  expected  General 
Corse  to  do.  He  said  that  he  was  to  tear  down  the  rice  mills  and  corduroy 
the  roads  where  necessary.  I answered  him  that  he  would  need  steamboats 
instead  of  rice  mills  to  get  to  the  high  ground  with,  and  told  him  that  he  ought 
not  to  go  to  the  boat  until  he  had  gone  over  and  seen  matters  for  himself,  for  it 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


363 


might  save  delay,  if  not  disaster,  which  he  would  he  sorry  for.  Just  then  one 
of  his  staff  came  in  and  said  that  it  was  time  for  him  to  be  at  the  boat  or  he  would 

get  left.  Yes,  he  was  for  starting  some  time  ago,  but  this  d d captain  had 

come  in  and  would  not  let  him  go  now  until  after  he  had  gone  over  the  river 
and  seen  the  danger  and  trouble  to  troops  there,  and:  “ I think  I will  go  over 
there  first  now,  and  you  go  and  tell  the  captain  of  the  boat  to  wait  for  me.”  An 
orderly  was  sent  to  General  Corse  to  come  and  go  with  him,  and  I went  to  hunt 
some  breakfast.  After  breakfast,  when  I got  back  to  the  bridge,  there  were 
Generals  Logan  and  Corse  sitting  on  their  horses  and  hurrying  the  troops  across 
the  bridge,  fearing  from  the  flood  that  it  might  break  away  at  any  moment. 

General  Logan  complimented  me  on  my  persistency  in  not  “being  putoff” 
in  a case  of  this  importance,  and  asked  me  if  I could  get  to  General  Smith.  I 
told  him  that  I could  with  a boat  and  men  to  row  it.  Right  there,  tied  to  pon- 
toon bridge  and  belonging  to  the  pontoon  corps,  was  a nice  four-oared  skiff  which 
he  said  I should  take  and  for  me  to  select  the  men  from  my  regiment  to  row 
it.  Company  H was  just  passing  so  I called  out  four  men  and  turned  my 
horse  over  to  the  company  for  safety.  General  Logan  wrote  some  written 
orders  and  gave  me  some  verbal  ones  to  General  Smith  “for  him  to  proceed 
northward  to  Pocotaligo  with  what  troops  he  had,  where  the  balance  of  his 
command  would  join  him,  they  going  by  boat  to  Beaufort.” 

With  the  four  men  to  row  the  boat  I soon  steered  it  to  the  dike  that  I had 
traveled  over  the  day  before  and  passed  the  wagons,  left  for  good,  and  a seven- 
mile  row  brought  us  to  the  timber  where  the  boat  could  go  no  further,  yet 
there  was  at  least  one-half  mile  of  water  knee-deep  to  wade  through  — where  I 
found  General  Smith  with  two  orderlies  in  waiting  for  me,  as  he  had  seen  the 
boat  coming.  After  delivering  my  orders  and  telling  my  tale  he  was  pleased  with 
my  perseverance,  and  I rode  to  camp  on  an  orderly’s  horse.  Our  march  to 
Pocotaligo  was  without  incident,  for  the  whole  country  was  depopulated,  except 
that  when  we  got  up  near  Beaufort  we  came  across  a small  outpost  from  Gilmore’s 
command,  who  were  surprised  to  see  some  of  Sherman’s  ragged  bummers,  and  our 
boys  were  amused  to  see  them  all  wearing  paper  collars.  [The  dike  mentioned 
was  the  “ Union  Causeway,”  over  which  Hardee’s  army  passed  when  he  evacu- 
ated Savannah. — Ed.] 

Coeps  and  Division  Roster  of  the  Army  on  Leaving  Savannah. 

EIGHT  WING  — MAJ.  GEN.  0.  0.  H0WAED  COMMANDING. 

Fifteenth  Corps  — Maj.  Gen.  John  A.  Logan  — 

First  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  Charles  R.  Woods. 

Second  Division,  Maj.  Gen.  W.  B.  Hazen. 

Third  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  John  E.  Smith. 

Fourth  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  John  M.  Corse. 

Artillery  Brigade,  eighteen  guns,  Lieut.  Col.  W.  H.  Ross,  First 
Michigan  Artillery. 

Seventeenth  Corps  — Maj.  Gen.  Frank  P.  Blair,  Jr. — 

First  Division,  Maj.  Gen.  Joseph  A.  Mower. 

Second  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  M.  F.  Force. 

Fourth  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  Giles  A.  Smith. 

Artillery  Brigade,  fourteen  guns,  Maj.  A.  C.  Waterhouse,  First 
Illinois  Artillery. 


364 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


LEFT  WING  — MAJ.  GEN.  H.  W.  SLOCUM  COMMANDING. 

Fourteenth  Corps — Maj.  Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis  — 

First  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  W.  P.  Carlin. 

Second  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  John  D.  Morgan. 

Third  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  A.  Baird. 

Artillery  Brigade,  sixteen  guns,  Maj.  Charles  Houghtaling,  First 
Illinois  Artillery. 

Twentieth  Corps  — Brig.  Gen.  A.  S.  Williams  — 

First  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  N.  I.  Jackson. 

Second  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  J.  W.  Geary. 

Third  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  W.  T.  Ward. 

Artillery  Brigade,  sixteen  guns,  Maj.  J.  A.  Reynolds,  First  New 
York  Artillery. 

CAVALRY  DIVISION— BRIG.  GEN.  JUDSON  KILPATRICK. 

First  Brigade,  Col.  T.  J.  Jordan,  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry. 

Second  Brigade,  Col.  S.  D.  Atkins,  Ninety-second  Illinois  Volunteers. 

Third  Brigade,  Col.  George  E.  Spencer,  First  Alabama  Cavalry. 

One  battery  of  four  guns. 

The  Seventeenth  Army  Corps  (Maj.  Gen.  Frank  P.  Blair 
commanding)  was  transported  by  steamers  from  Savannah  to 
Beaufort.  The  Fourth  Division  (Corse’s)  of  the  Fifteenth 
Corps,  having  been  cut  off  by  the  flood  in  the  Savannah  river, 
joined  the  left  wing  (Fourteenth  and  Twentieth  Corps),  which, 
with  Kilpatrick’s  cavalry  (excepting  two  divisions  of  the 
Twentieth  Corps,  which  crossed  at  Savannah),  marched  up 
the  west  side  of  the  Savannah  river  forty  miles  to  Sister’s 
Ferry.  The  gunboat  Pontiac  was  sent  up  the  river  to  that 
place  to  protect  the  pontoons  and  assist  Slocum’s  wing  in 
crossing.  On  the  arrival  of  the  army,  the  river  was  found 
to  be  nearly  three  miles  wide,  and  a delay  of  several  days 
occurred  before  the  waters  subsided.  About  the  first  of 
February  the  pontoons  were  laid  and  the  left  wing  crossed 
over  to  Robertsville,  two  miles  from  the  ferry.  As  the  differ- 
ent regiments  entered  the  sacred  soil  of  old  South  Carolina  they 
cheered  lustilj’.  This  wing  then  marched  in  the  direction  of 
Augusta,  threatening  that  city,  while  the  right  wing  moved 
toward  Charleston  as  if  that  city  was  the  point  of  its  destina- 
tion. The  two  wings  of  the  army  met  near  Bamberg,  S.  C., 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


365 


about  February  7th.  It  is  stated  that  when  the  left  wing  en- 
tered South  Carolina,  finding  torpedoes  planted  in  the  roads, 
they  burned  a great  many  of  the  buildings  along  the  line  of  their 
march;  and  perhaps  if  no  torpedoes  had  been  found  a great 
many  of  the  houses  might  have  caught  on  tire  just  the  same. 

January  22d — Sunday. — It  still  rains  and  is  cold.  We  have 
not  been  dry  for  four  days. 

January  23d — Monday. — About  midnight  last  night  four 
men  from  each  company  were  called  up  in  the  rain  to  go  into 
the  city  and  draw  two  days’  rations  for  the  regiment.  When 
they  got  there  the  order  came  to  start  at  six  in  the  morning  for 
the  pier  to  take  a ship  for  Beaufort,  S.  C.  We  broke  camp 
this  morning  at  six  and  marched  into  the  city,  where  we  stacked 
arms  and  waited  until  2:00  p.  M.,  when  we  went  on  board  of 
the  large  Pacific  mail  steamship  Mariposa  at  the  pier  at  the  foot 
of  Bull  street.  The  Fifty-ninth  Indiana  also  went  on  board. 
All  being  on  board,  at  3:00  p.  m.  we  steamed  down  the  river 
about  a mile  when  we  ran  on  a sandbar,  and  the  tide  running 
out  and  our  boat  drawing  fourteen  feet  we  were  safely  tied  up. 
The  night  is  cold  and  we  have  a sharp  wind.  Our  boat  is 
crowded  and  we  nearly  freeze.  The  floor  of  the  small  cabin 
is  paved  with  officers.  A ferry-boat  tries  to  draw  us  off  but 
fails  to  accomplish  it. 

January  24-th — Tuesday. — Laid  on  the  bar  all  night.  The 
tide  floated  us  off  at  daylight  and  we  steamed  down  the  river 
past  Fort  Brown.  There  was  fun  when  the  boys  began  to 
draw  water  over  the  side  of  the  ship  with  their  kettles  to 
make  coffee.  The  first  got  good  river  water  and  their  coffee 
was  good,  but  the  last  ones  were  not  so  fortunate  and  after 
having  made  their  coffee  their  faces  expressed  more  surprise 
and  disgust  than  is  often  seen  on  the  face  of  a soldier.  They 
inquired  of  the  first  ones  if  their  coffee  was  all  right  and  were 
considerably  puzzled  at  first  to  discover  the  difference,  which 
was  that  we  were  in  salt  water.  Hardtack  was  eaten  that 
morning  by  a good  many  of  our  boys  without  coffee,  although 
great  crowds  besieged  the  ship’s  cook.  The  wind  blew  strong 
down  the  river  during  the  night,  making  it  impossible  to  keep 
blankets  over  us  on  deck,  and  the  night  was  very  cold  though 


366 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 

clear.  We  passed  Fort  Pulaski  at  7:00  a.  m.  [this  fort  was  cap- 
tured from  the  enemy  by  Generals  Gilmore  and  Viele,  April  12, 
1862,  with  forty-seven  heavy  guns,  forty  thousand  pounds  of 
gunpowder,  etc.,  and  three  hundred  prisoners. — Ed.],  Fort 
Thunderbolt  at  11:00  a.  m.  and  Fort  Jackson  at  12:00  M.  We 
were  for  a part  of  the  time  out  of  sight  of  land  except  a point 
to  the  west.  The  day  was  fair  with  wind  northwest.  We 
reached  Hilton  Head  at  2:00  p.  m.,  anchored  at  3:00  p.  m.  and 
pulled  up  again  at  3:30  p.  m.,  when  we  steamed  to  Beaufort, 
arriving  there  at  five  o’clock.  At  Hilton  Head  we  saw  some  of 
our  navy  and  got  some  idea  of  that  branch  of  the  service.  We 
went  ashore  and  marched  four  miles  inland  and  camped  with 
the  rest  of  our  brigade.  Plenty  of  oysters.  Beaufort  bears 
evidence  of  being  an  old  though  not  a large  town  — a sort  of 
“back  number”  of  the  respectable  sort.  The  houses,  all  of 
w7ood,  are  low,  cover  considerable  ground  and  are  encompassed 
by  verandas.  The  fortifications  here  are  manned  by  Foster’s 
corps  of  colored  troops,  who  bear  a very  soldierly  appearance 
and  are  in  a good  state  of  discipline.  There  are  a large  num- 
ber of  freedmen  in  this  vicinity  who  are  cultivating  abandoned 
plantations.  Weather  cold. 

January  25th — Wednesday. — The  regiment  is  lying  in  camp 
to-day.  Three  companies  were  detailed  to  unload  the  steamer, 
and  having  done  so  joined  the  regiment  to-night.  The  weather 
is  very  cold.  We  police  the  grounds  of  our  camp.  [Popula- 
tion of  Beaufort  in  1880.  4,010.] 

January  26th — Thursday. — Still  in  camp.  Ice  froze  an  inch 
thick  last  night. 

January  28th  — Saturday. — At  7:00  a.  m.  the  regiment 
marched  to  Beaufort  to  do  guard  and  fatigue  duty.  The 
weather  is  bitterly  cold  but  clear.  Our  regiment  is  feasting  on 
oysters.  Pick  them  up  by  the  bushel  at  low  tide.  Brig.  Gen. 
Wm.  T.  Clark  took  command  of  our  brigade  here  at  Beaufort. 

January  29th  — Sunday.  — Our  brigade  marched  for  the  front 
at  11:00  a.  m.  Our  regiment  is  still  on  duty  in  town.  The 
detachments  were  relieved  from  duty  to-day  and  joined  the 
regiment.  Warmer.  We  have  marching  orders  to  join  our 
brigade  twenty-eight  miles  out  at  Pocotaligo.  [Population, 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


367 


1880,  20.]  Man}r  of  our  officers  and  men  attended  services  to- 
day in  a negro  church  and  the  colored  preacher  in  his  discourse 
remarked:  “Sherman’s  men  will  march  to-morrow.  They 

carry  dead  on  every  hand.” 

January  30th — Monday.  — About  8:00  a.  m.  we  broke  camp 
and  marched  inland  across  Beaufort  Ferry,  with  our  regiment 
in  the  rear.  Marched  nineteen  miles  and  camped  in  an  old  field 
at  7:00  p.  M.  Lieutenant  Janicke  with  Company  G was  left  to 
load  the  train  with  sacks  of  grain,  then  to  march  and  catch  up 
with  the  regiment  to-night.  The  train  was  loaded  but  the 
march  to  the  regiment  was  a hard  one  in  the  loose,  drift-sand, 
and  many  of  his  men  were  badly  crippled.  Country  flat,  cov- 
ered here  and  there  with  marshes  over  which  the  salt  water 
flows  at  high  tide.  Saw  several  Palmetto  trees  of  small  size. 

January  31st — Tuesday.  — Left  bivouac  at  5:30  a.  m.  Passed 
Pocotaligo  Station  on  the  Charleston  railroad  and  joined  the 
brigade  at  McPhersonville  at  9:00  o’clock  a.  m.  Distance 
marched,  eight  miles.  Reports  sent  to  brigade  headquarters  in 
evening.  Our  Fifteenth  Army  Corps  is  here.  Dress  parade 
to-night  and  our  marching  orders  were  read.  We  are  to  begin 
our  great  march  to-morrow  at  7:00  A.  M. 

Returns  for  the  Month  of  January,  1865. — Total  enlisted,  678;  aggregate,  710; 
aggregate  last  month,  676;  enlisted  men  present,  457.  Thirty-eight  men  joined 
as  recruits  from  depots  during  the  month  at  Savannah,  Ga.  They  were  substi- 
tutes and  drafted  men. 

February  1st — Wednesday.  — Hickory  Hill  Postoffice.  We 
are  notv  well  started  on  our  march  after  many  days  of  prepara- 
tion, and  I think  that  our  men  are  ready  to  teach  South  Caro- 
lina the  lesson  she  deserves.  Our  march  to-day  was  through  a 
low,  wet,  timbered  country  for  fifteen  miles  to  this  place.  We 
came  up  with  rebel  cavalry  at  3:00  o’clock  p.  M.  Our  skirmish- 
ing drove  them  back.  The  trees  they  had  felled  across 
the  road  were  removed,  when  we  went  on,  going  into  camp  at 
dark  in  a large  cottonfield.  We  had  one  man  killed  to-day, 
hut  not  of  our  regiment.  Country  level,  covered  with  small 
pines. 

February  2d — Thursday.  — We  marched  at  8:00  a.  m. 
Weather  warm  and  foggy.  We  hear  cannonading  away  to 


3G8 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


our  left.  Probably  the  Fourteenth  and  Twentieth  Corps  of 
the  left  wing.  We  marched  twelve  miles  to-day  over  very  bad 
roads. 

February  3d — Friday.  — Our  brigade  leads  to-day.  We 
marched  six  miles  to  crossing  of  Duck  creek.  Our  regiment 
was  sent  to  drive  the  rebels  from  the  other  side  of  the  stream. 
We  deployed  four  companies  as  skirmishers,  reserves  of  two 
companies  each,  one  in  centre  and  one  on  either  flank. 
Bridge  taken  up.  The  regiment  waded  the  creek.  Water- 
three  feet  deep.  The  rebels  left  without  ceremony.  Our  boys 
and  those  of  the  Sixty-third  Illinois  charged  through  the 
stream  and  as  they  came  back  they  captured  an  alligator,  seven 
foot  long,  lying  torpid  in  the  mud,  which  they  pulled  ashore 
and  into  camp.  He  could  scarce]}7  move,  but  when  poked 
would  strike  viciously  with  his  tail.  He  was  the  first  native 
that  we  had  seen.  We  moved  on  a short  distance  and  went 
into  camp  on  a big  plantation  where  “old  massa  runned  away 
and  missus  stayed  to  home,”  or  rather  the  overseer’s  wife  did. 
She  was  a Yankee  woman,  and  a true  blue  Union  woman  at 
that,  and  she  was  overjoyed  to  see  us.  Among  “old  massa’s” 
papers  we  found  a requisition  from  Wheeler  for  a large  quan- 
tity of  corn.  Fie  had  just  served  it  when  our  brigade  ran  him 
off’,  and  he  did  not  get  that  corn.  There  was  a slip  somewhere; 
a new  factor  had  entered  into  the  problem,  and  that  corn  went 
into  United  States  wagons.  There  was  about  one  thousand 
bushels  of  it,  and  then  we  “done  took  ole  massa’s”  bacon, 
chickens,  turkeys,  ducks  and  sweet  potatoes — all  good  forage 
for  Uncle  Billy’s  boys  and  teams.  One  company  of  our  regi- 
ment is  skirmishing  with  the  rebels. 

It  was  twelve  o’clock  of  the  fifth  day  out  from  Beaufort  on  our  campaign 
through  South  Carolina.  We  had  marched  eight  miles  through  rain  and  mud 
and  stacked  arms.  The  hoys  were  making  coffee  and  preparing  dinner  when  the 
orders  were  given  to  fall  in.  Within  a mile  of  us  was  Duck  creek,  on  the 
opposite  side  of  which  the  rebels  were  known  to  have  been  in  considerable 
numbers  only  a few  hours  previous.  Dinner  was  quickly  crammed  into  haver- 
sacks, coffee  thrown  away  and  the  noble  Fourth  again  turned  face  to  the  foe. 
When  within  a short  distance  of  the  creek  (which  was  much  swollen  by  the 
late  rains),  a line  of  battle  was  formed,  half  a mile  in  length,  the  reserves 
placed  in  their  proper  positions  and  our  gallant  colonel  (who  never  seems  so 
much  in  his  element  as  when  going  into  battle)  gave  the  command  “Forward!” 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


369 


and  we  started  for  the  creek.  And  now  the  water  is  reached.  It  has  over- 
flowed its  banks  and  spread  out  for  ten  or  fifteen  rods  in  width.  Every  moment 
we  expect  that  the  enemy  will  open  fire  on  us,  hut  on  we  go.  Now  the  water 
is  to  the  knees  and  now  to  the  waist;  hut  we  press  onward  and  gain  the  shore. 
“The  Rubicon  is  passed,”  but  the  Johnnies  have  fled.  Onward  leads  our 
commander;  onward  presses  that  invincible  battle  line,  which  water  did  not 
daunt  and  which  rebel  fire  has  never  yet  checked.  The  open  ground  is  gained. 
We  approach  the  mansion  of  a rich  planter.  We  halt.  He  has  left  for  parts 
unknown.  The  family  and  the  negroes  are  left  behind.  The  former  are  badly 
frightened;  the  latter  in  ecstacies.  And  here,  too,  are  plenty  of  comforts  for 
jayhawking  soldiers,  and  as  we  were  disappointed  in  not  having  an  enemy  to 
charge  we  charge  on  these.  Arms  are  stacked;  chickens  squall;  turkeys  run; 
pigs  squeal.  And  now  they  come  loaded.  Sweet  potatoes  — and  everything 
that  is  good.  And  now  to  camp.  Tents  are  put  up;  fires  kindled,  and  the 
afternoon  is  spent  in  feasting  and  rejoicing. — [S,  in  St.  Paul  Press.] 


February  4-th — Saturday. — We  marched  at  6:00  A.  M.  Rain 
falling  and  roads  muddy.  The  regiment  is  rearguard  to  the 
train.  Country  rich,  level  and  wet.  Pine  and  oak.  The 
forage  details  are  having  fine  times,  but  they  have  to  keep  a 
sharp  lookout  for  rebel  cavalry.  We  camped  within  three 
miles  of  the  Cambahee,  or  Saulkehatchie  river.  [This  stream 
is  called  near  the  coast,  the  Cambahee,  and  back  from  the 
coast,  the  Saulkehatchie.]  Distance  marched,  ten  miles. 

February  5th — Sunday. — Beaufort’s  bridge.  We  reached  the 
Saulkehatchie  last  night  and  found  the  bridge  gone.  To-day 
is  Sunday.  We  had  reveille  at  4:00  a.  m.,  and  marching  at  six 
we  crossed  the  Saulkehatchie  swamp  and  river,  passing  over 
twenty-four  bridges,  and  camped  in  the  timber,  one  mile  beyond 
the  crossing,  at  10:00  A.  m.  Distance  marched,  four  miles. 
Had  dress  parade  in  the  afternoon.  The  divisions  of  Generals 
Giles  A.  Smith  and  Joe  Mower  of  the  Seventeenth  Corps 
crossed  below  at  River’s  bridge.  The  stream  at  that  point  was 
fully  three  miles  wide,  and  as  the  enemy  was  fortified  on  the 
opposite  shore,  those  troops  encountered  severe  opposition.  The 
deep  water  of  the  stream  and  swamps  being  full  of  cypress  trees 
and  tangled  underbrush,  our  forces  advanced  very  slowly  and 
with  the  greatest  difficulty,  some  of  the  troops  being  in  the 
water  three  hours  before  they  emerged  on  solid  ground.  Gen. 
Wager  Swayne,  colonel  of  the  Forty-Third  Ohio,  lost  a leg  in 
crossing  the  swamp.  He  "was  sent  back  to  Pocotaligo. 

24 


370 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


February  6th  — Monday.  — Left  camp  at  6:00  a.  m.  The  roads 
are  good.  The  plantations  are  large  and  the  forage  is  abun- 
dant. Our  advance  is  skirmishing  with  and  driving  the  enemy. 
We  halted  at  the  Little  Saulkehatchie  while  the  skirmish- 
ers of  our  Second  Brigade  advanced  across  the  swamp  and 
creek  and  drove  the  rebel  cavalry  from  their  works  on  the  op- 
posite shore.  The  enemy  made  a feeble  resistance.  Our  di- 
vision being  in  the  advance,  crossed  first  and  formed  in  line  of 
battle.  The  rebels  advanced  to  the  rear  on  the  double-quick. 
After  marching  a mile  and  a half  further,  we  camped  at 
3:00  p.  M.  It  rained  in  the  evening.  It  was  our  melancholy 
duty  to  bury  the  remains  of  John  Smith  of  Company  K of 
our  regiment  here  on  a lonely  hillside.  He  died  of  dysentery. 
Distance  marched,  nine  miles. 

February  7th — Tuesday.  — We  left  camp  this  morning  at 
half-past  six,  and  after  marching  five  or  six  miles  in  a pouring 
rainstorm  over  very  muddy  roads,  our  regiment  being  com- 
pelled to  build  a corduroy  across  a swamp,  we  camped  at  2:00 
p.  M.  in  the  woods  near  Bamberg  Station  [population  in 
1880,  900],  Barnwell  county,  South  Carolina,  on  the  Augusta 
& Charleston  railroad.  We  all  felt  as  if  we  would  be  compelled 
to  fight  for  the  possession  of  this  important  railroad.  The 
First  and  Second  divisions  are  destroying  the  road.  Distance 
marched  seven  miles. 

February  8th — Wednesday.  — We  left  at  6:00  a.  m.,  and 
marched  on  the  railroad  for  three  miles  toward  Augusta,  when 
we  stacked  arms  and  did  “the  railroad  act.”  We  destroyed 
the  road  completely,  burning  all  that  would  burn,  and  piling 
the  rails  among  the  ties  after  the  style  of  a cob  house,  heated 
them  and  then  twisted  them  like  a rope.  Our  old  regiment  has 
learned  the  kink  to  give  the  rails  that  will  send  them  to  the 
rolling  mill  to  be  made  over  before  they  can  be  used  again. 
It  is  warm  work.  Toward  noon  we  returned  to  camp,  and  in 
the  afternoon  we  did  more  of  the  same  kind  of  work  toward 
Branchville.  The  weather  is  cold  and  windy. 

February  9th — Thursday. — It  is  cold  and  we  have  snow  this 
morning.  We  marched  at  7:30  a.  m.  Our  regiment  is  rear- 
guard of  the  division  and  is  also  in  the  rear  of  the  wagon  train. 


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371 


We  camped  on  the  railroad,  four  miles  from  the  crossing  ot 
the  south  fork  of  the  Little  Edisto  river,  at  2:00  p.  m.,  after 
having  marched  seven  miles.  General  Schofield  with  the 
Twenty-third  Corps,  numbering  about  twenty-one  thousand 
men,  moved  his  army  around  from  Nashville,  Tenu.,  joining 
General  Terry’s  forces  on  February  9tli  near  Fort  Fisher  for  a 
movement  on  Wilmington,  N.  C. 

February  10th  — Friday. — Our  regiment  destroyed  railroad 
until  two  o’clock  in  the  afternoon,  and  at  4:00  p.  m.  we 
marched  toward  Orangeburg,  camping  at  7:00  p.  m.  Distance 
marched,  four  miles. 

February  lltli — Saturday. — Broke  camp  at  6:30  a.  m.  We 
crossed  the  south  brauch  of  the  Edisto  river,  marched  fifteen 
miles  to  Muddy  Springs  and  camped  at  sunset. 

February  12th  — Sunday. — We  left  at  8:00  a.  m.,  the  Second 
Brigade  being  in  the  advance.  We  are  making  but  slow  progress. 
After  a march  of  two  miles  we  reach  the  north  branch  of  the 
Edisto  river  at  Snelling’s  bridge.  We  march  and  counter- 
march, and  rest  and  stack  arms,  etc.,  for  the  most  part  of  the 
day.  The  Second  Division  forced  a crossing,  the  rebels  offer- 
ing but  a weak  resistance.  The  pontoons  having  been  laid 
we  crossed  after  dark,  and  marching  two  miles  camped  at 
about  midnight  in  a bleak,  open  field.  The  teams  did  not 
come  up  until  after  midnight.  The  weather  is  very  cold  and 
windy. 

February  13th  — Monday. — Reveille  was  played  at  4:30  a.  m. 
We  marched  at  half-past  six.  Passed  within  a half  mile  of 
Orangeburg.  [Population,  1880,  2,250.]  This  city  is  the  resi- 
dence of  W.  Gilmore  Simrnes,  a rather  famous  Southern 
writer.  Then  turning  directly  north,  we  marched  twelve 
miles  and  camped.  The  country  is  rolling  upland,  well 
watered.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  the  plantations  are  large.  Our 
“bummers”  bring  in  plenty  to  eat.  Our  boys  dug  up  several 
trunks  that  they  found  buried  in  the  ground  in  our  camp, 
which  the  citizens  undoubtedly  thought  safely  hid.  We  are 
moving  toward  Columbia,  the  capital  of  the  state.  Distance 
marched  to-daj7,  eighteen  miles. 

February  14-th — Tuesday.  — St.  Valentine’s  Day.  Left  camp 
this  morning  at  nine.  Our  regiment  is  rearguard  to  the  division 


372  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1865 

train.  Soon  after  starting  it  commenced  to  rain  and  grew  very 
cold.  The  rain  froze  as  fast  as  it  fell  and  it  was  by  far  the 
most  disagreeable  day,  thus  far,  of  the  campaign.  Marched 
about  thirteen  miles  and  got  into  camp  at  4:00  p.  m.  at  Sandy 
creek. 

February  15tli — Wednesday. — It  rained  all  last  night.  Our 
division  did  not  move  until  about  9:00  A.  m.  Were  in  rear. 
After  marching  about  three  miles  we  turned  off  (our  division 
only)  by  ourselves.  After  going  about  a mile,  commenced 
and  skirmished  with  the  enemy  until  night.  Then  moved. 
Built  as  many  fires  as  we  were  able,  in  order  to  deceive  the 
enemy  as  much  as  possible.  We  then  withdrew  and  followed 
on  after  our  corps.  Got  into  camp  about  midnight.  Heavy  firing 
ahead  all  day.  Distance  marched,  eight  miles.  Lieut.  George 
Baird  is  officer  of  the  day. 

February  16th — Thursday.  — AVe  are  now  in  the  rich  valley 
of  the  Congaree  river.  Marched  at  7:00  A.  M.  The  roads  are  very 
muddy.  Crossed  Gongaree  creek,  from  which  the  enemy  were 
driven  last  night  by  the  First  Division,  and  halted  in  a large 
cornfield  within  sight  of  Columbia  and  distant  from  it  about  two 
miles.  In  the  afternoon  the  whole  corps  moved  on  to  the  bluff 
just  opposite  the  city  and  stacked  arms.  The  clouds  have 
cleared  away  and  the  sun  shines  brightly  and  we  have  a little 
breeze  from  the  northwest.  The  city  is  on  a wooded  bluff  just 
over  the  Congaree  river,  in  plain  sight,  and  only  one  mile  dis- 
tant. It  is  a beautiful  sight.  It  lies  to  the  north,  and  the  morn- 
ing sun  brings  the  various  streets  and  prominent  buildings  into 
our  view  very  clearly.  Looking  toward  our  army  from  the  city 
it  must  be  a magnificent  view,  like  a great  war  picture  on  can- 
vas. The  blue  uniforms,  glistening  arms,  fluttering  banners 
and  shining  brass  guns  of  the  artillery,  with  the  many  regi- 
ments of  cavalry  and  the  long  train  of  army  wagons  with  their 
white  covers,  taken  all  together,  made  up  a scene  that  can 
probably  never  be  forgotten  by  the  people  of  Columbia  who 
witnessed  it.  While  we  were  marshaled  here  for  the  inspec- 
tion of  the  people  of  Columbia  no  hostile  shots  were  exchanged 
until  a couple  of  our  six-mule  teams  were  being  driven  along 
the  bank  of  the  river.  The  enemy  began  firing  from  a light  bat- 
tery at  them.  That  furnished  a good  excuse  for  Capt.  Frank 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


373 


De  Gress,  who  unlimberecl  one  of  his  twenty-pounder  Parrotts 
and  replied.  The  Saluda  and  Broad  rivers  unite  at  Columbia 
and  form  the  Congaree  river.  Orders  of  march: 

General  Howard  will  cross  the  Saluda  and  Broad  rivers  as  near  their  mouths 
as  possible,  occupying  Columbia,  destroy  the  public  buildings,  railroad  prop- 
erty, manufacturing  and  machine  shops,  but  will  spare  libraries,  asylums  and 
private  dwellings.  He  will  then  move  to  Winnsboro,  destroying  e»i  route  utter- 
ly that  section  of  the  railroad.  He  will  also  cause  all  bridges,  trestles,  water 
tanks  and  depots  on  the  railroad  back  to  the  Wateree  to  be  burned,  switches  to 
be  broken  and  such  other  destruction  as  he  can  find  time  to  accomplish,  consist- 
ent with  proper  celerity. 

So  our  work,  and  it  is  work,  is  before  us. 

On  the  eighteenth,  General  Hardee  with  the  Confederate  troops  evacuated 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  one  hundred  miles  distant  from  Columbia,  using  the  only 
remaining  railroad  by  Florence  to  Cheraw,  and  a brigade  of  colored  troops  of 
Maj.  Gen.  John  G.  Foster’s  command  took  possession.  They  found  the  city  in 
flames,  the  torch  having  been  applied  by  the  Confederates  before  they  left. 
General  Foster  was  captain  of  United  States  Engineers  and  was  in  Fort  Sumter 
with  Major  Anderson  during  its  bombardment  by  the  rebels. 

February  17th  — Friday. — We  got  up  this  morning  and 
found  ourselves  on  the  bank  of  Broad  river.  Our  batteries 
were  shelling  the  rebel  skirmish  line  on  the  opposite  shore.  A 
regiment  of  the  First  Division  crossed  in  boats  and  scattered  the 
enemy’s  skirmish  line,  capturing  a number  of  prisoners.  From 
our  bivouac  on  the  bluff  we  could  overlook  the  whole.  As 
soon  as  a pontoon  bridge  could  be  laid  the  Fifteenth  Army  Corps 
marched  into  Columbia  with  our  colors  flying  and  bands  play- 
ing It  was  3:00  P.  M.  when  our  division  entered  the  town. 
There  was  great  enthusiasm  among  the  negroes,  while  long 
faces  gazed  at  us  from  the  windows.  General  Howard  had 
men  ferried  over  the  river  quite  early  this  morning  (this 
splendid  bridge  having  been  burned  by  the  enemy),  who 
surprised  the  rebel  picket,  capturing  some  and  killing  others, 
drove  the  rest  back  and  got  possession  of  that  shore.  Soon  a 
regiment  was  over  and  the  work  of  laying  the  pontoons  began. 
While  the  pontoons  were  being  laid  we  saw  a bit  of  fine  ar- 
tillery practice.  We  were  on  a high  bluff  overlooking  the 
river  and  the  belt  of  low  timber  on  the  opposite  side,  beyond 
which  was  a large  field,  rising  as  it  receded  from  the  belt  of 
timber  to  a wood  beyond,  perhaps  a mile  and  a half  away,  and 


374 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


the  road  to  Columbia  ran  to  the  right  of  this  field.  Our  troops 
had  driven  the  rebel  cavalry  out  of  the  belt  of  timber  by  the 
river  and  into  this  field.  A squad  of  about  twenty  halted  in 
the  centre  of  the  field  to  look  at  us,  when  a gun  was  unlimbered 
near  where  we  stood  and  a shell  thrown  into  the  field,  and  so 
accurate  was  the  aim  and  the  calculation  of  distance  so  correct 
that  the  shell  exploded  apparently  just  over  and  within  thirty 
feet  of  their  heads,  and  such  haste  as  those  rebels  made  to 
get  out  of  that  could  only  be  surpassed  by  men  better  mounted 
than  they.  A few  more  shells  cleared  the  road  as  far  as  we 
could  see.  The  pontoons  were  soon  laid  and  we  took  our  line 
of  march  for  the  city.  Weather  fair.  The  wind  blew  strongly 
from  the  northwest.  We  were  on  a broad,  splendid  pike,  and 
with  bands  playing  and  colors  flying  we  marched  into  the  city. 
We  made  no  halt,  but  passed  through  and  about  a half  mile 
beyond,  where  we  went  into  camp  on  the  eastern  side  of  town 
and  across  the  railroad.  In  marching  through  we  saw  a good 
many  drunken  soldiers  and  drunken  negroes.  Had  to  pass 
long  ranks  of  cotton  bales  on  fire,  which  was  so  hot  we  could 
scarce  march  past  them  on  the  sidewalk.  How  are  the  mighty 
fallen!  This  proud  rebel  city  tamely  surrendered  after  all; 
notwithstanding  their  boasted  valor  and  avowed  determination 
to  resist  to  the  death,  they  surrendered  without  a fight.  We 
find  no  South  Carolina  “bared  to  the  waist  for  the  conflict”  but 
we  find  a humble,  trembling  people,  suing  for  mercy  and  pro- 
tection. 

We  copy  the  following  account  of  the  surrender  of  the  city 
from  other  sources: 

The  formal  surrender  of  the  city  of  Columbia  was  to  the  Fifteenth  Corps. 
As  soon  as  the  pontoons  were  laid,  five  companies  of  the  Thirtieth  Iowa  under 
Major  Cramer  passed  over  and  as  soon  as  sufficient  support  had  crossed, 
advanced,  capturing  thirty  prisoners  and  dispersing  the  rest  of  the  enemy, 
and  then  proceeded  on  the  main  road  toward  the  city.  Soon  a carriage  with  a 
white  flag  flying  was  seen  to  approach  from  the  city.  It  contained  the  mayor, 
who  drove  up  and  surrendered  the  city  to  Major  Cramer.  Colonel  Stone,  who 
commanded  the  brigade,  soon  came  up,  and  the  mayor  made  a more  formal  sur- 
render to  him,  and  Cramer,  Stone  and  the  mayor  all  rode  back  to  the  city  in  the 
carriage. 

But  previous  to  this,  General  Belknap,  who  commanded  a brigade  in  the 
Seventeenth  Corps,  dispatched  a party  to  make  search  for  a boat,  and  an  old 


1865] 


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375 


scow  was  found,  which  after  a great  deal  of  labor,  was  made  serviceable,  and 
about  9:00  A.  M.  of  the  seventeenth  crossed  the  stream  with  twenty-one  men  of 
the  Thirteenth  Iowa,  besides  Lieutenant  H.  C.  ArthurandG.  W.  Goodell  of  Belk- 
nap’s staff  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Kennedy  of  the  Thirteenth,  who  pro- 
ceeded to  the  old,  and  also  the  new,  statehouse  and  raised  the  regimental  flags 
over  each  at  11:30  A.  M.  Gen.  Giles  A.  Smith  on  the  seventeenth  issued  a con- 
gratulatory order  to  General  Belknap  of  the  Third  Brigade,  and  the  officers  and 
men  under  him,  who  accomplished  this  undertaking.  One  very  pleasant  inci- 
dent of  the  capture  of  this  city  was  the  release  of  a good  many  of  our  men  who 
were  prisoners  of  war,  and  among  the  number  was  Lieut.  S.  H.  M.  Byers,  adju- 
tant of  the  Fifth  Iowa  Infantry,  who  wrote  while  in  prison  the  following 
poem.  Our  men  in  the  prison  had  a glee  club,  who  used  to  sing  it  frequent- 
ly to  an  audience  of  rebel  ladies.  One  of  our  soldiers  presented  this  poem 
to  General  Sherman  in  Columbia,  when  the  general  sent  for  Adjutant  Byers  and 
attached  him  to  his  staff. 


SHERMAN’S  MARCH  TO  THE  SEA. 


Our  campfires  shone  bright  on  the  mountain 
That  frowned  on  the  river  below, 

As  we  stood  by  our  guns  in  the  morning, 

And  eagerly  watched  for  the  foe  ; 

When  a rider  came  out  of  the  darkness 
That  hung  over  mountain  and  tree. 

And  shouted,  “ Boys,  up  and  be  ready! 

For  Sherman  will  march  to  the  sea.” 

Chorus.-  — Then  sang  we  a song  of  our  chieftain, 

That  echoed  o’er  river  and  lea; 

And  the  stars  in  our  banner  shone  brighter 
When  Sherman  marched  down  to  the  sea. 

Then  cheer  upon  cheer  for  bold  Sherman 
Went  up  from  each  valley  and  glen, 

And  the  bugles  re-echoed  the  music 
That  came  from  the  lips  of  the  men. 

For  we  knew  that  the  stars  in  our  banner 
More  bright  in  their  splendor  would  be, 

And  that  blessings  from  Northland  would  greet  us, 
When  Sherman  marched  down  to  the  sea. 

Chorus.  — Then  sang  we  a song,  etc. 


Then  forward,  boys!  forward  to  battle! 

We  marched  on  our  wearisome  way, 

And  stormed  the  wild  hills  of  Resaca  — 

God  bless  those  who  fell  on  that  day! 

Then  Kenesaw  proud  in  its  glory, 

Frowned  down  on  the  flag  of  the  free ; 
And  the  East  and  the  West  bore  our  standard, 
And  Sherman  marched  down  to  the  sea. 


Chorus. — Then  sang  we  a song,  etc. 


376 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


Still  onward  we  pressed,  till  our  banners 
Swept  out  from  Atlanta's  grim  walls, 
And  the  blood  of  the  patriot  dampened 
The  soil  where  the  traitor  flag  falls  ; 

But  we  paused  not  to  weep  for  the  fallen, 
Who  slept  by  each  river  and  tree, 

Yet  we  twined  them  a wreath  of  the  laurel, 
As  Sherman  marched  down  to  the  sea. 

Chorus. — Then  sang  we  a song,  etc. 

Oh!  proud  was  our  army  that  morning, 

That  stood  where  the  pine  darkly  towers, 
When  Sherman  said,  “ Boys,  you  are  weary, 
But  to-day  fair  Savannah  is  ours!  ” 

Then  sang  we  a song  of  our  chieftain, 

That  echoed  o’er  river  and  lea, 

And  the  stars  in  our  banner  shone  brighter 
When  Sherman  camped  down  by  the  sea. 

Chorus. — Then  sang  we  a song,  etc. 


During  the  day  thirty  or  forty  of  the  boys  met  in  the  senate  chamber  of  the 
capitol,  and  after  organizing,  repealed  the  ordinance  of  secession,  passed  reso- 
lutions of  censure  against  John  C.  Calhoun,  and  had  some  fun  in  firing  ink- 
stands  and  spittoons  at  his  marble  bust  which  ornamented  the  hall.  Finally! 
after  making  the  building  ring  with  patriotic  songs,  our  legislative  body  ad- 
journed, to  meet  at  Raleigh,  N.  C.,  just  as  some  of  the  left  wing  did  at  Mil- 
ledgeville,  Ga.,  to  meet  at  Columbia. 

The  government  arsenal  was  a place  of  great  interest,  for  it  contained  arms 
of  all  kinds  and  many  of  great  age  — one  of  Revolutionary  fame,  and  marked 
“ Georgius  Rex,  1770,”  surrendered  by  Cornwallis  at  Yorktown,  etc.  This  was 
an  iron  cannon,  and  our  boys  broke  off  the  trunnions  with  a sledge  hammer  and 
then  used  the  cannon  to  bend  and  break  muskets  over. 

Lieutenant  Janicke  says: 

Officers  and  men  ramble  through  the  buildings.  Accompanied  by  Lieuten- 
ant Chewning,  I search  for  curiosities.  In  the  basement  of  the  tower  of  Citadel 
Academy  lies  a large  bomb-shell  on  a small  platform,  bearing  the  inscription 
on  a plate,  “Fifteen-inch  hollow-shot  fired  by  the  abolition  fleet  of  ironclads 
at  Fort  Sumter  April  7,  1863.” 

Lieut.  Geo.  Baird  wrote  in  his  diary  : 

The  buildings  in  the  city  as  we  marched  through  were  thronged  with  spec- 
tators, mostly  old  men  and  women,  and  out  of  the  thousands  we  passed  one 
woman  (God  bless  her!)  had  the  courage  to  slyly  swing  her  handkerchief  from 
the  back  door  of  her  house.  The  negroes  were  the  happiest  creatures  that  we 
ever  saw.  As  we  passed  through  they  would  greet  us  with,  “God  bless  you; 
I’se  free  now!”  Some  would  dance  to  the  music.  Old  venerable  looking 
blacks  would  uncover  their  heads  and  bow  reverentially;  others  were  so  carried 


Wm.  T.  Churchill,  Company  B. 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


377 


away  by  the  excitemeut  that  they  actually  screamed  and  ran  wild  through  the 
streets.  We  never  saw  such  sights  before  and  never  expect  to  again.  I regret 
to  say  that  some  of  our  soldiers  got  some  whisky  and  set  some  of  the  buildings 
on  fire  (after  dark),  which  spread  very  rapidly  as  the  wind  is  blowing  very 
hard,  and  very  soon  the  whole  city  was  one  whole  blaze  of  fire  and  was  still 
burning  when  I went  to  bed. 

When  the  morning  of  the  eighteenth  came  it  was  found 
that  three-fourths  of  the  city  had  been  destroyed. 

Mr.  Muzzy  says: 

The  gale  of  wind  which  blew  on  yesterday  and  last  night  (the  seventeenth) 
carried  the  burning  cotton  from  the  bales  in  the  streets  to  the  buildings  and 
set  them  on  fire,  aud  a conflagration  ensued  beyond  the  power  of  our  men, 
with  the  means  at  hand,  to  control,  and  the  business  portion  of  the  town  be- 
came a ruin.  As  soon  as  it  became  dark  it  was  evident  to  us  that  the  town  was 
on  fire,  and  as  soon  as  we  had  our  supper,  all  were  permitted,  or  ordered,  to  go 
into  the  city  and  try  to  extinguish  the  fire,  or  save  property  by  carrying  it  out 
of  its  track.  There  were  two  fires  burning  at  the  same  time  in  different  parts 
of  the  city,  the  lesser  fire,  which  burned  two  blocks,  was  near  the  river,  and  all 
the  buildings  were  cheap  frames,  and  said  to  be  mostly  occupied  by  disrepu- 
table women.  We  understand  that  this  fire  originated  in  a difficulty  between 
some  of  the  soldiers  and  these  women.  This  fire  soon  spent  itself.  The  other 
fire,  which  burned  a tract  one-half  mile  wide  by  three-fourths  of  a mile  long, 
was  undoubtedly  set  by  the  burning  cotton.  One  incident  I will  mention,  as 
myself  and  another  Fourth  Regiment  band-boy  were  connected  with  it.  We 
were  going  to  the  fire  and  had  got  nearly  there,  when  we  were  called  to  carry 
a sick  woman,  who  was  helpless,  to  a place  of  safety.  We  of  course  complied, 
that  being  just  what  we  desired  to  do.  On  entering  the  house  and  going  to 
the  sick  woman,  we  found  her  to  have  been  burned  so  that,  though  a white 
woman,  she  was  black,  and  her  face  and  hands  were  burned  to  a crisp.  I 
inquired  how  she  met  with  such  terrible  burns.  In  reply,  she  gave  me  the 
details  of  a bit  of  cruelty  perpetrated  by  the  rebels  that  will  more  than  offset 
the  brutality  that  they  have  charged  upon  us.  The  rebel  officers  ordered  the 
depot  and  contents,  which  consisted  largely  of  provisions,  to  be  burned,  as 
they  evacuated  the  city.  Upon  learning  this,  the  families  that  needed  pro- 
visions begged  the  privilege  of  taking  what  they  needed,  which  was  not 
granted.  But  many  women  began  to  help  themselves  without  leave,  and  were 
near  the  building  when  it  was  fired,  and  there  being  a quantity  of  gunpowder 
in  it,  an  explosion  took  place,  which  burned  some  and  killed  others.  This 
woman  escaped  death,  but  was  badly  burned.  It  was  brutal  to  burn  and 
destroy  food  needed  by  the  people  of  the  city  that  they  professed  to  befriend, 
and  more  brutal  still  to  blow  up  a building  when  the  lives  of  women  and  chil- 
dren were  exposed  to  death  thereby. 

There  were  about  fifteen  hundred  of  our  officers  of  all 
grades  and  branches  of  the  service  coufined  here  as  prisoners 
of  war.  Some  thirty  of  these  escaped  during  the  time  that 
we  were  advancing  upon  the  city.  I visited  the  prison  yard 


378 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


in  which  the  officers  were  confined,  and  was  much  interested 
and  astonished  to  behold  the  many  ways  in  which  those  un- 
fortunates had  endeavored  to  tunnel  their  way  to  the  outer 
world  by  underground  processes.  The  earth  beneath  their 
quarters  was  completely  undermined  by  tunnels  large  and 
tunnels  deep.  Tunnels  led  in  every  direction,  and  they  were 
so  far  completed  that,  had  they  not  been  discovered,  many  of 
the  prisoners  would  have  escaped. 

An  officer  in  our  regiment  wrote  in  his  diary  as  follows: 

February  lHth — Saturday. — Hearing  that  much  of  the  city  had  been  de- 
stroyed during  the  night,  I mounted  my  horse  aud  after  breakfast  rode  into  the 
city.  The  scene  presented  almost  defies  description.  An  area  nearly  one  mile 
in  length  and  one-quarter  mile  wide  had  been  swept  by  a tempest  of  lire. 
Everything  was  destroyed  in  its  track.  Most  of  the  business  part  of  the  town 
and  many  residences  were  only  smoking  ruins.  Many  families  were  in  the 
streets  with  a few  things  saved  from  the  flames.  It  is  a terrible  sight.  Last 
night  a host  of  drunken  soldiers  and  negroes  overpowered  the  guards  and  fired 
the  city  in  several  places.  Families  were  driven  out  without  warning,  barely 
escaping  with  their  lives.  Quite  a number  of  drunken  soldiers  were  burned  to 
death.  Citizens  were  insulted.  Many  soldiers  joined  with  the  citizens  in  at- 
tempts to  stay  the  flames,  but  the  wind  blowing  a gale,  it  was  of  no  use.  At 
three  o’clock  in  the  morning  a brigade  of  the  Second  Division  was  sent  into 
town  double-quick  and  quelled  the  mobs,  arresting  everyone.  Some  of  them 
should  be  shot.  For  the  first  time  I am  ashamed  of  the  Fifteenth  Corps.  In 
the  afternoon  the  regiment  was  ordered  into  town  to  assist  in  destroying  stores 
at  the  arsenal  and  at  the  Citadel  Academy,  a military  school. 

February  19th  — Sunday. — At  seven  o’clock  the  regiment  again  went  into 
town  to  complete  the  work  begun  yesterday.  Two  other  regiments  of  the  bri- 
gade accompanied  us.  Worked  until  dark,  destroying  a large  quantity  of 
powder,  artillery  and  musket  ammunition,  cannon,  small  arms,  accouterments 
and  quartermaster’s  stores.  A sad  accident  occurred  at  noon,  by  which  eigh- 
teen or  twenty  men  were  killed  and  wounded.  Some  fixed  ammunition  ex- 
ploded and  communicated  fire  to  several  loads  of  powder  and  shell.  The  de- 
tail at  work  unloading  the  wagons  was  mostly  from  the  Sixty-third  Illinois. 
The  captain  in  charge  was  blown  far  out  into  the  river  and  never  seen  after- 
ward. Several  were  killed  outright  and  others  terribly  burned  and  mangled. 
One  man  of  the  Fourth  was  injured  — Pearl  Otis  of  Company  H.  In  the  after- 
noon I went  down  to  see  the  prisoners’  pen  where  our  ofiicers  had  been  con- 
fined. I talked  with  several  of  them  who  had  made  their  escape  when  the 
others  had  been  removed.  It  made  my  blood  boil  to  listen  to  them  and  to  look 
over  the  grounds.  However,  it  was  not  as  bad  as  I expected. 

Comrade  Seth  Nichols  of  Company  H says: 

Mr.  Pearl  Otis  of  Company  H was  a driver  of  one  of  the  teams  hauling  am- 
munition and  was  near  enough  to  get  one  of  his  mules  burned  and  Otis  himself 
had  his  hair  and  whiskers  burnt  off  and  was  so  badly  injured  that  he  was  dis- 
abled for  several  weeks. 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS, 


379 


The  new  eapitol  building  in  course  of  construction  was  an 
object  of  great  interest.  Its  erection  was  under  the  supervision 
of  an  Italian  engineer  and  before  it  stood  the  iron  monument 
erected  in  honor  of  the  Palmetto  Regiment,  with  the  inscription 
on  it  of  the  names  of  all  the  officers  and  members  who  had 
fought  in  the  Mexican  War. 

February  20th — Monday. — We  left  our  camp  near  Columbia 
at  7:00  A.  m.,  and  marching  in  a northerly  direction  camped  at 
Muddy  Springs  before  sunset,  having  measured  nineteen  miles 
of  muddy  road  in  the  rain.  The  country  is  rolling  with  sandy 
soil  and  oak  and  pine  timber.  The  country  passed  over  to-day 
is  as  poor  as  any  we  have  seen  in  the  South. 

February  21st — Tuesday. — We  did  not  leave  camp  until  3:00 
p.  ai.,  the  delay  being  caused  by  three  of  our  divisions  being 
in  our  front  on  to-day’s  march.  Our  progress  is  slow  and  the 
country  is  hilly.  Boulders  abound  on  the  hills  and  pine  tim- 
ber covers  the  country.  We  bivouacked  at  midnight  after  our 
tramp  of  sixteen  miles. 

February  22d — Wednesday . — Washington’s  birthday  anniver- 
sary. Reveille  at  5:00  A.  al,  but  we  did  not  start  until  nine. 
Passed  Poplar  Grove  Postoffice  at  10:30  a.  ai.  and  turning  to 
the  east  halted,  at  2:00  p.  ai.,  near  Peay’s  Ferry,  on  Wateree 
river.  At  11:00  P.  ai.  we  crossed  on  pontoons  and  camped 
after  midnight  just  over  the  other  side.  Distance  marched  to- 
day, twelve  miles.  Our  men  had  to  stand  a long  time,  moving 
up  step  by  step  every  few  minutes,  and  with  knapsacks  on, 
waiting  for  the  pontoons  to  be  laid.  Frank  Alderman  of 
Company  G was  captured  to-day  near  this  river  by  the  enemy. 
[Schofield’s  and  Terry’s  troops  took  Wilmington,  K.  C.,  Feb. 
22,  1865.] 

February  23d  — Thursday.  — Marched  eighteen  miles.  Coun- 
try hilly  and  rough.  Boulders.  Less  piues.  Timber  princi- 
pally oak.  Plantations  large  and  well  cultivated.  ISTegroes 
plenty.  Still  rains. 

February  21f.ili  — Friday.  — Reveille  at  five.  Left  camp  at 
7:00  A.  ai.,  marching  on  right  flank  of  train.  Rain  falling  most 
of  the  day.  At  10:00  a.  ai.  passed  Flat  Rock  Postoffice 
[population  in  1880,  156],  Kershaw  county,  which  takes  its 


380 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


name  from  a large  flat  rock  which  covers  an  area  of  several 
acres.  Our  direction  of  travel  is  east  b.y  south.  Country  more 
level.  Less  rock.  More  pitch  pines.  Sandy  soil.  More  plan- 
tations. Water  plenty.  Bummers  still  manage  to  feed  us. 
At  5:00  p.  m.  we  crossed  Little  Lynche’s  creek  and  camped 
within  one  mile  of  it,  having  marched  fifteen  miles.  Our  Third 
Division  finds  itself  brought  to  a halt.  We  are  informed  that 
a part  of  the  army  cannot  get  across  the  river,  because  of  the 
flood.  We  are  encamped  in  the  woods  on  a by-road.  Flat 
Rock  is  on  a high  hill.  We  can  see  the  campfires  of  the  enemy 
in  the  distance.  The  weather  is  very  had. 

February  25th  — Saturday.  — An  alarm  at  9:00  A.  M.  The 
long  roll  sounds  and  the  regiments  fall  in  and  stack  arms,  fell 
timber  and  throw  up  intrenchments;  we  find  that  the  enemy 
has,  in  small  force,  attacked  our  pickets,  killing  some  and  cap- 
turing others.  Some  of  our  men  who  were  captured  while  out 
foraging  had  their  throats  cut  and  a label  appended  to  their 
bodies,  upon  which  was  written,  ‘‘Death  to  all  foragers.”  In 
retaliation  for  these  murders,  two  of  the  rebels  whom  we  had 
taken  during  the  attack  were  immediately  tied  to  a tree  and 
shot.  This  was  done  by  the  order  of  the  general  command- 
ing. Our  men  killed  belonged  to  the  Sixty-third  Illinois. 

In  the  afternoon  the  regiment  went  on  guard  one  and  a half 
miles  from  camp.  It  rained  hard  all  nightlong.  We  are  waiting 
for  orders.  The  ramrod  test  is  put  into  practice  with  good 
success.  We  find  bacon,  syrup  and  various  kinds  of  liquor 
buried  on  the  plantations  along  the  route  and  the  probing  with 
ramrods  reveals  where  it  is.  To-day  we  came  to  a place  that 
looked  as  though  there  should  have  been  large  quantities,  but 
our  foragers  failed  to  find  them.  However,  we  found  some 
meal  in  an  outhouse  which  we  took.  There  was  a negro  there 
who  seemed  to  have  the  care  of  the  place.  The  mistress  of 
the  house  had  also  remained  at  home.  One  of  our  men,  an 
orderly,  finally  asked  the  darky  where  they  had  hid  the  meat 
and  things.  He  replied,  “ There  is  none.”  The  orderly  told 
him  he  was  lying,  and  ordered  him  to  tell  what  they  had  done 
with  it.  Just  then  the  mistress  came  out  and  warned  the 
negro  “to  keep  his  mouth  shut,”  upon  which  the  soldier  drew 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


3S1 


his  revolver  and  told  him  that  if  he  did  not  show  where  it  was 
he  would  be  a dead  man.  This  view  of  the  case  induced  him 
to  lead  the  way  with  alacrity  to  a field  near  by  that  had  been 
recently  plowed.  A squad  soon  unearthed  the  richest  find  on 
our  march.  It  consisted  of  more  than  an  army  wagon  load  of 
good  things,  such  as  bacon,  molasses,  whisky,  brandy,  wine, 
applejack,  etc.,  enough  to  treat  the  whole  division.  Some  of 
our  men  in  camp  got  intoxicated.  Lieut.  Frank  De  Mers  of 
Company  K was  in  command  of  the  foragers. 

February  26th — Sunday. — Marched  to  within  one  mile  of 
Kelley’s  bridge,  on  Big  Lynche’s  creek.  Distance,  ten  miles. 

February  27th — Monday. — Rain.  Water  rising,  flooding  the 

creek  bottom  to  the  depth  of  several  feet.  Remained  in  camp. 

February  28th — Tuesday. — Rain!  Rain!  Water  five  feet 
deep  on  creek  bottom.  Remained  in  camp.  We  mustered 
for  pay  to-day.  We  will  probably  look  a long  while  before  we 
see  it.  Reports  sent  to  brigade  headquarters:  Elias  Branch  of 
Company  II  is  on  detached  service  at  division  headquarters 
and  Charles  L.  Dresser  of  Company  H is  on  detached  service 
at  brigade  headquarters;  Elias  JNL  Peterson  is  on  detached 
service  at  division  headquarters. 

Return  for  the  dlonth  of  February , 1865. — Total  enlisted,  675;  aggregate,  707; 
aggregate  last  month,  710.  Enlisted  men  present  for  duty,  407;  on  extra  and 
daily  duty,  37;  sick,  7;  total  enlisted  men,  451.  Commissioned  officers  present 
for  duty,  28;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  1;  total  commissioned  officers,  29. 

Remarks. — John  Smith,  Company  K,  died  of  disease  near  Bamberg,  S.  C., 
Frank  Adelman,  Company  G,  captured  Feb.  22,  1865,  Wateree  river,  while 
foraging;  was  on  duty  in  division  escort  company;  Henry  Morrill,  African 
under  cook,  captured  Feb.  25,  1865,  at  Lynche’s  creek;  supposed  to  have  been 
captured  while  with  forage  party;  Second  Lieut.  F.  S.  De  Mers,  Company  K, 
on  special  duty  in  charge  of  forage  detail;  Second  Lieut.  James  M.  Douglas, 
Company  F,  Dec.  31,  1864,  on  detached  service  commanding  provost  guards 
at  division  headquarters,  Special  Orders,  No.  267,  Third  Division;  First  Lieut. 
G.  M.  D.  Lambert,  Company  A,  on  special  duty  in  medical  department  of  regi- 
ment. Distance  marched  during  the  mouth,  two  hundred  and  thirty 
miles. 

March  1st — Wednesday. — Remained  in  camp  awaiting  the 
completion  of  a long  bridge  across  Lynche’s  creek  valley.  Men 
short  of  rations.  Our  men  are  running  a grist  mill  near  here. 
Unfortunate  delay.  Expect  to  march  to-morrow.  There  is 


3S2 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


trouble  iu  bridging  the  creek.  We  have  little  else  to  eat  but 
poor  beef  and  cow  peas  — a sort  of  bean  of  a dark  color,  raised 
for  stock. 

March  2d — Thursday. — Left  camp  at  3:00  p.  m.  Crossed 
Lynche’s  creek  at  7:00p.  m.,  on  a narrow,  rickety  bridge  three- 
fourths  of  a mile  in  length,  and  marched  to  Kell}’  Town. 
Bivouacked  at  9:00  p.  m.  Distance  marched,  seven  miles.  The 
rain  poured  down  to-day  and  covered  the  ground  in  many 
places  knee-deep  and  the  bottom  fell  out  of  the  roads,  so  the 
troops  took  hold  of  the  wagons  and  harness  of  the  mules  and 
pushed,  pulled  and  lifted,  through  thick  and  thin, sometimes  knee- 
deep  in  water  and  sand.  jSro  tires  were  allowed  and  we  were 
glad  to  eat  wet  hardtack  and  whatever  else  our  haversacks 
contained.  Thus  the  night  closed  in  onus  in  the  woods,  strug- 
gling slowly  along,  until  we  could  get  no  further. 

Lieutenant  Young  of  Company  A saj’s: 

One  of  the  most  trying  episodes  of  the  war  occurred  at  the  crossing  of 
Lynche’s  creek,  South  Carolina.  The  rain  had  been  falling  in  toirents  for  days. 
The  streams  were  swollen  out  of  all  proportion  to  their  usual  size.  The  banks  were 
no  longer  tbeir  boundaries,  and  the  wide  bottoms,  which  are  at  all  times  in- 
clined to  be  swampy,  were  converted  into  vast  morasses.  Lynche’s  creek  ran 
through  the  centre  of  one  of  these  overflowed  swampy  bottoms,  and  was  spanned 
by  a rickety  apology  for  a bridge.  This  was  constantly  giving  way,  as  was 
also  the  corduroy  approaches  to  it,  which  were  three-fourths  of  a mile  and  one- 
fourth  of  a mile  respectively.  The  regiment  had  but  little  breakfast,  no  din- 
ner and  no  supper,  when  dark  came  on.  The  tedious  stopping  and  starting 
incident  to  going  into  camp  had  been  going  on  for  some  time,  when  Adjutant 
Rich  notified  company  commanders  that  the  several  companies  were  to  be 
divided  into  squads  of  ten  men,  each  squad  to  take  charge  of  two  wagons  and 
assist  ( ?)  them  through  the  crossing. 

A few  rods  further  we  came  upon  a familiar  scene.  Six  mules  were  in  the 
immediate  advance  of  an  army  wagon,  two  were  lying  dowu  in  the  bottomless 
mud,  the  leaders  were  standing  over  them  with  their  heads  the  wrong  way, 
while  the  wheelers  were  contemplating  the  affair  from  what  appeared  to  be  a 
disinterested  standpoint.  The  driver  was  expostulating  with  the  refractory 
animals  in  a way  peculiar  to  the  craft,  and  an  expert  might  have  interpreted 
some  of  his  remarks  as  bordering  on  the  profane,  while  he  punctuated  his 
staccato  sentences  with  a long  blacksnake  whip  until  the  whole  sounded  like  a 
skirmish  lire  of  musketry. 

This  was  being  repeated  on  every  hand.  It  would  be  hard  to  tell  how  many 
times  that  corduroy  was  destroyed  and  rebuilt,  or  how  many  times  those  wagons 
were  pried  and  lifted  out  of  the  mud  that  night;  but  day  broke  and  the  sun  rose 
before  we  had  either  sleep  or  supper. 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


383 


During  the  worst  of  it  the  writer  and  Sergt.  John  Mullen  of  Company  Iv 
appropriated  a box  of  hardtack  and  some  sugar,  which  was  divided  equally 
among  the  men  of  the  two  companies  A and  K much  to  their  wonder  as  to  the 
source  of  the  supply  at  so  opportune  a time,  and  I presume  the  young  fellow 
from  the  Sixty-third  Illinois  who  was  guarding  the  wagon  from  which  the  food 
was  abstracted  lost  all  his  faith  in  any  soldier’s  honesty  when  confronted  by 
an  irate  commissary  of  subsistence  the  next  day. 

March  3d — Friday. — This  morning  opened  clear  aud  cold, 
making  our  wet  clothes  anything  but  comfortable.  Left 
bivouac  at  5:00  o’clock  a.  m.  and  marched  toward  Clieraw. 
Sun  visible  for  the  first  time  in  several  days.  Crossed  Big 
Black  creek  at  11:30  a.  m.  Country  rolling  and  sandy,  well 
watered,  and  for  the  most  part  uncultivated.  Passed  only  two 
or  three  houses  during  the  day.  Bivouacked  at  6:30  o’clock 
p.  m.,  near  Thompson’s  creek,  about  ten  miles  from  Cheraw. 
Distance  marched,  twenty-six  miles.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Eisen- 
menger,  Sixty-third  Illinois,  in  charge  of  Pioneer  Corps,  was 
captured  by  the  enemy  at  Big  Black  creek.  After  crossing 
Black  creek  we  stopped  in  an  open  field  where,  betwen  tire 
and  sun,  our  clothing  and  blankets  could  be  dried  and  repaired. 
A more  woe-begone  set  of  men  and  mules  it  would  be  hard  to 
find  than  were  found  in  that  field. 

March  4-th — Saturday. — Left  camp  at  7:00  a.  m.  in  a storm  of 
rain.  Roads  muddy.  Progress  slow.  Two  divisions  ahead 
of  ours.  Pioneers  building  corduroy.  Heard  cannonading 
ahead.  Entered  Cheraw,  Chesterfield  county,  South  Carolina, 
at  8:30  o’clock  p.  M.,  and  turning  westward  marched  one  mile 
and  bivouacked  about  midnight.  Distance,  eleven  miles. 
Regiment  hungry.  Ho  rations  but  corn  in  ear.  Drew  two 
boxes  of  hard  bread  at  midnight.  This  is  the  finest  country  we 
have  seen  since  we  left  Beauforr. 

Our  forces  captured  twenty-seven  pieces  of  artillery  here  at 
Cheraw,  and  concluding  to  celebrate  the  inauguration  of  Presi- 
dent Lincoln,  loaded  twenty-three  of  these  pieces  for  this  pur- 
pose. The  guns  could  not  stand  the  pressure  and  exploded. 
General  Blair  gave  one  of  the  Blakely  guns  that  was  not  de- 
stroyed to  the  First  Minnesota  Light  Artillery,  who  made  a pres- 
ent of  it  to  the  State  of  Minnesota.  The  following  history  of 


384 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


one  of  the  others  the  writer  recently  received  from  the  com- 
manding; officer  of  the  United  States  Arsenal  at  Rock  Island, 
111.: 

It  is  a Blakely  rifled  Held  gun  — caliber,  3^-0y^  inches.  Its  solid  shot  would 
weigh  about  eighteen  pounds  and  I think  it  was  rated  as  an  eighteen-pounder. 
It  is  made  of  cast  iron  hooped  with  wrought  iron.  It  was  manufactured  by 
Fawcett,  Preston  & Co.,  Liverpool,  Eng.,  in  1860,  and  has  on  it  a copper  plate 
bearing  the  following  inscription:  “Presented  to  the  sovereign  state  of  South 

Carolina  by  one  of  her  citizens,  residing  abroad,  in  commemoration  of  the 
twentieth  of  December,  1860.”  It  was  captured  at  Cheraw  and  was  sent  to 
Washington,  D.  C.,  I think  about  the  close  of  the  war.  It  was  sent  here  in  June, 
1881,  when  the  Washington  arsenal  was  broken  up,  and  has  been  here  since 
that  date.  [The  ordinance  of  secession  passed  the  South  Carolina  convention 
Dec.  20,  I860.— Ed.] 

The  force  making  the  raid  to  Florence  consisted  of  about  a 
thousand  men,  who  were  detailed  from  the  companies  of  our 
regiment  and  other  regiments  in  our  brigade  and  division. 
The  expedition  left  the  army  on  March  3d  from  near  to 
Darlington  and  camped  near  there  that  night.  On  the  fourth 
the  command,  which  was  all  mounted  on  horses  and  mules, 
marched  to  Florence,  entering  the  village  and  driving  from 
thence  a regiment  of  rebel  cavalry.  On  the  opposite  side  of 
the  town  our  force  encountered  quite  a large  body  of  infantry, 
which  greatly  outnumbered  ours,  and  wTe  were  compelled  to 
retreat  back  through  the  town  and  across  the  railroad  track, 
where  we  formed  a line  and  prepared  for  action.  A regiment 
of  rebel  cavalry  followed  us,  and  crossing  to  the  same  side  of 
the  track  that  we  were  on,  they  formed  a line  in  our  front  and 
quite  near  to  us,  performing  the  maneuver  under  a shower  of 
bullets  from  our  guns.  But  we  soon  shot  them  out,  and  it  Avas 
fun  to  see  them  get.  While  we  Avere  firing,  a boy  about  six- 
teen years  old  left  the  rebel  ranks  and  Avith  his  hands  up  came 
running  to  us  on  foot.  He  yelled  like  a good  felloAv: 
“Don’t  shoot!  Don’t  shoot!”  The  rebels  fired  at  him  and 
the  bullets  seemed  to  cut  the  ground  all  about  him,  but  he 
reached  our  ranks  in  safety.  He  told  us  that  he  Avas  forced 
into  the  rebel  ranks  against  his  will,  and  that  he  had  been 
fooled  long  enough;  that  his  father  Avas  a Union  man  and 
that  he  had  never  fired  a shot  at  us.  We  then  fell  back  to 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


385 


Darlington,  or  near  to  that  place,  on  the  fourth,  getting  there 
at  about  midnight,  camped  there  that  night  and  marching 
from  thence  joined  the  army  at  Cheraw.  Frank  De  Mers, 
second  lieutenant  of  Company  K,  had  cha  rge  of  the  men  of  our 
regiment  on  the  expedition. 

[We  received  the  foregoing  information  from  our  old  com- 
rade, John  S.  Boyd  of  Company  K,  who  was  seriously  injured 
while  riding  his  saddle.  He  also  stated  that  the  date  of  the 
fight  with  the  rebels  at  Florence  is  noted  on  his  discharge  as 
March  4,  1865. — Ed.] 

March  5th — Sunday. — Left  camp  at  7:00  a.  m.  Marched 
through  Cheraw  (a  once  neat  little  town)  [population,  1880, 
2,000],  on  the  Great  Pedee  river,  and  crossed  that  stream  on  a 
pontoon  bridge.  Marched  four  miles  beyond  the  river  and 
camped  in  a rich  country  near  some  mills.  Our  division  is 
the  most  advanced  of  any  in  the  army.  Excellent  foraging. 
Hungry  men  feasting.  A detail  put  in  charge  of  mills  to  grind 
corn.  Men  from  our  division  are  running  three  grist  mills. 
Everything  in  abundance — meal,  meat,  sugar  and  molasses.  Dis- 
tance marched,  five  miles.  The  east  bank  of  the  Great  Pedee  is 
heavily  fortified.  It  was  chilly  this  morning  and  after  crossing 
Lieutenant  Norton  was  interested  in  the  discovery  of  a captured 
cannon,  and  -stopped  to  read  the  inscription  on  the  plate.  In 
passing  through  Cheraw  this  morning  we  noticed  a large 
amount  of  rebel  army  stores,  and  also  other  goods  said  to  have 
been  sent  here  from  Charleston  for  safetj7.  There  was  a great 
quantity  of  beef,  put  up  in  London,  in  six-pound  cans.  The 
enemy  set  fire  to  their  stores,  but  the  citizens  helped  themselves 
freely  and  kindly  saved  large  quantities  of  it  for  us.  This 
little  city  is  the  terminus  of  a railroad  from  Charleston.  John 
B.  Freeman  of  Company  G died  at  7:00  p.  M.  of  typhoid  fever. 
His  body  was  put  into  a rough  coffin  and  buried  in  a large 
cotton  field  here.  Company  A came  near  being  captured  while 
out  foraging  while  here  at  Cheraw  and  only  saved  themselves 
by  a hasty  flight.  The  woods  are  full  of  rebel  deserters. 

March  6tli  — Monday.  — Remained  in  camp  collecting  sup- 
plies. Our  “ bummers,”  who  have  been  absent  for  two  days  raid- 
ing at  Florence,  Darlington  county,  South  Caroliua,  returned 


3S6 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


to  camp.  George  Adam  Weaver  of  Company  C,  one  of  them, 
being  quite  severe^  wounded  in  the  shoulder.  They  had  a fight 
at  Florence  [population,  1880, 1,915]  and  got  whipped.  Rebels 
chased  them  twenty  miles.  Their  mules  are  about  tired  out. 
Weather  better. 

March7th — Tuesday.  — Marched  at  9:00  a.  m.  in  the  direc- 
tion of  Fayetteville,  N.  C.,  and  bivouacked  at  3:00  p.  m.  at 
Mills,  on  Crooked  creek.  Soil  sandy.  Plantations  small. 
Fewer  negroes.  Face  of  country,  rolling.  Distance  marched, 
nine  miles. 

March  8th — Wednesday.  — Marched  at  7:00  a.  m.  Roads 
bad.  Progress  slow.  Corduroy  and  bridges  to  build  and 
repair.  Rain  poured  down  all  day  long.  Roads  in  the  after- 
noon almost  impassable.  Darkness  found  us  fast  in  mud. 
Bivouacked  at  Laurel  Hill,  Richmond  county,  North  Carolina, 
at  8:30  p.m.  [Population,  1880,295.]  Trains  did  not  get  in  until 
near  midnight.  Country  level,  sandy  and  well  watered.  Plan- 
tations large  and  well  kept.  Distance  marched,  twelve  miles. 

March  10th — Friday. — Left  bivouac  yesterday  morning  at 
seven  o’clock  and  marched  five  miles  to  Shoe-Heel  creek, 
Robeson  county,  North  Carolina.  [Population  of  Shoe-Heel, 
1880,  314.]  At  noon  it  commenced  raining  furiously.  Directly 
we  crossed  the  creek,  the  wagons  stuck  fast  in  the  mud. 
Ground  low.  Wagons  down  to  the  hubs.  Troops  build  cor- 
duroy and  draw  the  wagons  with  ropes.  The  mules  cannot 
work.  Dark.  Rain  pouring  down.  Swamp  flooded.  Regi- 
ment rearguard,  as  was  also  the  Forty-eighth  Indiana.  Worked 
until  three  o’clock  this  morning  and  lay  down  in  the  mud. 
Advance  of  division,  six  miles  ahead.  Wagons  stuck  all  along 
the  road.  Reveille  at  5:00  a.  m.,  and  after  a hasty  meal  all 
hands  go  to  work  again.  Roads  terrible.  Build  corduroy. 
Reach  Lumber  river  at  10:00  A.  M.  Cross.  March  three  miles. 
Join  the  rest  of  our  brigade.  We  halt  five  minutes.  Continue 
our  march.  Roads  bad,  but  no  more  rain.  Passed  through 
Randalsville  and  bivouacked  at  5:30  p.  M.  near  Antioch  Church. 
Men  and  teams  much  worn.  Distance  traveled  since  yester- 
day morning,  sixteen  miles.  [Population,  Antioch,  Robeson 
county,  North  Carolina,  in  1880,  25.] 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


387 


George  M.  D.  Lambert  wrote: 

Afterward  we  entered  into  dense  pine  woods.  Our  regiment  was  a flank- 
ing party  for  the  rear  of  our  division  train.  We  had  but  just  entered  the 
woods  when  the  sky  darkened  and  furious  and  blinding  rain  came  down  upon 
us.  In  an  hour  nearly  everything  was  stuck  fast.  Darker  grew  the  sky. 
Louder  and  deeper  cursed  the  teamsters,  as  down  would  go  mules  and  wagons 
into  some  bottomless  hole.  That  rain  we  never  saw  equaled  in  volume  and 
intensity,  and  as  the  hours  passed  on  and  not  a fourth  part  of  the  train  had 
been  extricated,  with  miles  of  road  before  us  to  corduroy,  the  prospect  for  an 
all  night’s  work  in  the  rain  and  mud  became  unpleasantly  certain.  After 
tugging  away,  the  steaming  mules  would  be  unloosed  from  the  wagons  and  the 
men  would  take  their  places  — some  in  the  rear,  some  at  the  wheels  and  more 
at  the  tongue  and  trace  chains,  and  with  a tug  and  a yell  would  land  the  cum- 
brous wagons  upon  a few  feet  of  solid  ground,  with  the  very  likely  prospect  of 
seeing  it  go  down  again  in  less  than  a hundred  yards  distant.  Night  came  on 
and  still  it  rained.  The  gloomy  forest  was  resounding  with  the  swinging  of 
axes,  the  crash  of  falling  trees  and  the  mingling  curses  of  a multitude  of  mule 
drivers,  while  it  thundered,  rained,  and  the  wind  blew  beyond  description.  To 
add  to  the  wildness  of  the  scene,  every  few  hundred  feet  would  be  seen  a pitch 
pine  in  full  blaze  of  light,  its  smoky  flames  tossing  away  up  in  the  air,  and 
throwing  a light  which  served  to  “make  the  darkness  visible.”  At  2:00  o’clock 
A.  M.  the  tired,  hungry,  wet  and  altogether  miserable  members  of  the  Fourth 
Minnesota  Veterans  bivoucked  for  an  hour  or  two  for  rest  and  a chance  mouth- 
ful of  food.  Daylight  came,  and  with  it  a resumption  of  work.  At  last,  by 
nine  o’clock,  the  last  team  was  upon  good  and  reliable  terra  firma  and  we  were 
on  our  way  to  join  our  brigade,  and  at  Antioch  Church,  some  sixteen  miles  dis- 
tant, we  found  a good  camp  and  prospects  for  a night’s  rest  before  us.  It  was 
the  universal  belief  that  in  all  time  we  could  never  forget  the  misery  of  our 
night  work  in  the  pine  woods  of  Carolina. 

March  11th  — Saturday.  — Marched  at  11:00  A.  m.  Several 
divisions  in  advance.  Rebels  made  a dash  just  as  our  rearguard 
was  leaving  camp;  one  man  shot.  Slow  progress.  Country 
low  and  swampy.  Troops  ahead  building  corduroy.  Bivou- 
acked at  10:00  P.  M.  Distance  marched,  seven  miles. 

3Iarch  IMh  — Sunday.  — Left  bivouac  at  9:00  A.  M.  Marched 
one  hundred  rods,  halted  one  hour;  marched  one-half  mile 
and  halted,  etc.,  etc.  At  3:00  p.  m.  crossed  the  Big  Rock- 
fish  creek  and  marched  steadily,  the  roads  being  excellent  and 
the  country  high  and  rolling.  At  6:00  p.  M.  passed  through 
the  little  manufacturing  village  of  Rockville,  on  Little  Rockfish 
creek.  Cotton  manufactory  burned.  Splendid  water  power. 
Crossed  the  creek  and  marched  nearly  north  on  plank-road 
toward  Fayetteville  and  bivouacked  within  two  miles  of  that 


388 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


place  at  8:30  p.  m.  Distance  marched,  twelve  miles.  The 
Fourteenth  and  Seventeenth  Corps  reached  Fayetteville  yester- 
day. 

March  13th  — Monday.  — Remained  in  camp.  Two  dispatch 
boats  came  up  the  river  from  Wilmington. 

March  Hth — Tuesday.  — At  9:00  a.  m.  marched  to  Fayette- 
ville and  at  5:00  p.  M.  crossed  Cape  Fear  river  on  pontoon 
bridge.  Saw  remains  of  a tine  bridge  burned  by  the  enemy. 
The  town  is  old  and  dilapidated;  only  a few  good  buildings.  It 
has  five  or  six  thousand  inhabitants.  Second  Minnesota  on 
duty  in  the  city.  Bivouacked  just  on  the  other  side  of  th'e 
river  and  one  mile  from  the  landing.  Distance  marched,  four 
miles.  The  weather  was  clear  to-day.  [Population,  1880, 
5,000.] 


This  is  a pleasant  day  and  one  to  be  enjoyed  after  our  terrible  experience  in 
mud  and  rain.  This  is  a beautiful  town,  and  seems  to  be  the  Huntsville  of 
North  Carolina  — an  old,  aristocratic  place.  The  reunion  and  jollification  of 
the  Second  Minnesota  Brass  Band  with  the  Fourth  Minnesota  Band  this  evening 
was  an  occasion  of  much  enjoyment.  The  bands  played  together  and  had  a gay 
old  time,  talking  of  their  experience  and  drinking  some  fine  old  applejack  that 
the  Second  boys  had  picked  up  somewhere.  There  is  a United  States  govern- 
ment arsenal  here  which  the  rebels  appropriated  to  their  own  use.  The  boys 
are  laughing  over  Kilpatrick’s  experience  two  or  three  days  ago.  It  seems 
that  he  overlooked  an  old  road  in  placing  his  pickets,  and  in  the  night  Hamp- 
ton’s cavalry  took  advantage  of  the  gap  in  the  lines  and  surprised  and  captured 
his  camp  and  all  it  contained,  except  the  men,  the  most  of  whom  escaped  into 
the  bushes.  Kilpatrick  also  escaped,  rallied  his  men,  and  in  turn  surprised  the 
rebels,  who  were  busy  with  the  plunder,  and  drove  them  out  of  camp.  The 
enemy  carried  olf  several  hundred  prisoners  and  some  horses.  “ Little  Kill” 
was  caught  napping  that  time,  and  the  boys  think  it  a good  joke.  [Kilpatrick 
had  encamped  on  a farm,  and  himself  and  staff  and  Gen.  Geo.  E.  Spencer  (who 
commanded  one  of  his  brigades)  and  his  staff  had  taken  possession  of  the  house 
for  the  night.  The  sound  of  bugles  and  great  noise  outside  awoke  Kilpatrick 
and  his  officers,  who  managed  (Kill  in  his  night  clothes)  to  escape  to  a swamp 
near  by.  Here  he  found  a few  of  his  men,  whom  he  rallied,  and  with  them 
opened  fire  on  the  enemy,  who  were  finally  forced  to  retire.  Hampton  claimed 
that  he  captured  five  hundred  prisoners,  and  Kilpatrick  in  his  report  stated 
that  he  had  only  lost  two  hundred.  Kilpatrick  and  his  officers  were  saved 
from  capture  by  the  ruse  of  a lady,  who  was  traveling  under  their  protection 
to  her  home  in  the  North.  Hampton  rode  up  to  the  door  and  asked  her  if  there 
were  any  Yankees  in  her  house.  She  told  him  no.  This  occurred  on  the 
ninth. — Ed.] 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


389 


The  government  arsenal  at  this  place  was  completely  de- 
stroyed. The  government  dispatch  boats  came  up  to  this  place 
from  Wilmington  and  brought  some  supplies  and  mail.  When 
at  Laurel  Hill  General  Sherman  was  traveling  with  our  corps 
and  from  there  sent  Corporal  Pike  and  another  scout  with 
cipher  dispatches  to  the  commanding  officer  at  Wilmington. 
Pike  was  to  go  to  the  Cape  Fear  river,  get  a boat  and  go  down 
the  stream : 

We  are  marching  for  Fayetteville.  Will  be  there  Saturday,  Sunday  and 
Monday,  and  will  then  march  for  Goldsboro.  If  possible,  send  a boat  up  Cape 
Fear  river  and  have  word  conveyed  to  General  Schofield  that  I expect  to  meet 
him  about  Goldsboro.  We  are  all  well  and  have  done  finely.  The  rains  make 
our  roads  difficult  and  may  delay  us  about  Fayetteville,  in  which  case  I would 
like  to  have  some  bread,  sugar  and  coffee.  We  have  abundance  of  all  else.  I 
expect  to  reach  Goldsboro  about  the  twentieth  instant. 

W.  T.  Sheeman, 
Major  General. 

March  15th — Wednesday. — Left  camp  at  2:00  p.  m.  Rain 
falling  steadily.  Roads  muddy.  Country  flat.  Few  inhabi- 
tants. Marched  six  miles  before  halting.  Night  found  us  in 
the  mud.  Wagons  stuck.  Bivouacked  at  10:00  p.  m.  Dis- 
tance marched,  twelve  miles. 

March  16tli — Thursday. — Marched  at  9:00  a.m.  Progress  slow. 
Country  flat.  Roads  very  bad.  Division  ahead  of  us  building 
corduroy.  The  men  wade  swollen  creeks.  At  3:00  p.  m.  crossed 
a small  stream  two  or  three  feet  deep  which  Quartermaster 
Russel  named  Salt  river.  Rain,  rain!  Bivouacked  at  dark, 
nineteen  miles  from  Fayetteville.  Rain  still  falling.  Teams 
did  not  get  in  until  11:00  P.  M.  We  crossed  Black  river  this 
afternoon.  Distance  marched,  seven  miles.  We  hear  consid- 
erable cannonading  off  to  the  left  to-day,  as  if  that  wing  was 
meeting  with  more  than  the  usual  opposition.  [This  was  the 
battle  of  Averysboro.] 

March  17th — Friday. — “St.  Patrick’s  day  in  the  morning” 
found  us  on  the  road  at  7:00  a.  m.  Roads  bad.  Mud,  water, 
swamps.  Whole  country  low  and  flat.  Many  of  our  men 
barefooted.  Farms  small.  Horses  small  and  old.  Cherry 
trees  in  bloom.  Not  so  much  noise  over  on  the  left.  Passed 
“Ray’s  Store”  and  bivouacked  in  a dry  field  at  3:30  P.  M. 


390  HISTOKY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1865 

Regiment  dug  wells  for  water  and  found  a good  supply  two 
feet  below  the  surface.  Distance  marched,  seven  miles. 

March  18th  — Saturday. — Marched  at  7:00  A.  m.  Roads  bet- 
ter. Country  rolling.  Plantations  larger  and  more  numerous. 
Residences  better  and  negroes  more  numerous.  Good  foraging. 
Bummers  in  clover.  Soil  good.  Timber  as  heretofore  — pitch 
pine.  Reached  Newton  Grove  at  3:00  p.  m.  Distance  on  finger 
board,  “ To  Goldsboro, twenty-six  miles;”  “To  Clinton,  twenty 
miles.”  Halted  one  hour  at  Newton  Grove.  The  regiment 
got  some  meat.  Turned  square  to  the  right  toward  Clinton. 
Marched  one  and  one-half  miles  and  bivouacked  on  a large  plan- 
tation. Distance  marched,  fourteen  miles. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 


Battle  of  Bentonville — March  to  Goldsboro  — Make  Out  Pay  Polls  and  Throw 
Them  Away  — Many  are  Barefooted;  All  are  Ragged — News  from  “ God’s 
Country”  Once  More — Beautiful  Camp  — Reorganizing  Our  Army;  Its 
Roster  — Leave  Goldsboro  — Citizens  Delighted  to  See  Us  — News  of  Lee’s 
Surrender  — Enter  Raleigh — A Memorable  Fourteenth  of  April;  Raising 
Our  Flag  at  Fort  Sumter,  and  Assassination  of  President  Lincoln — Receive 
News  of  the  Assassination — Reviewed  by  Grant,  Sherman,  Meade,  Sheridan, 
Smith  and  Others  — Johnston’s  Army  Surrenders  — Terms  of  Surrender  — 
Our  Division  “ Broken  Up  “God  Bless  You  All!” — Mourning  in  the 
Smith  Family  of  Officers  — In  Woods’  Brigade  of  Woods’  Division. 

March  19th  — Sunday. — Marched  at  6:00  a.  m.  They  say  we 
are  to  make  communications  to-day.  Progress  slow.  General 
Sherman  and  staff  passed  us  at  noon  and  our  band  struck  up 
“Hail  to  the  Chief.”  The  general  took  off  his  hat.  General 
Howard  passed  a short  time  before.  The  sun  is  oppressively 
hot.  Went  into  camp,  as  we  supposed,  at  about  3:30  P.  M.,  at 
cross-roads,  about  five  miles  from  Cox’s  bridge  across  Xeuse 
river.  Had  orders  not  to  take  off  our  accouterments  as  we 
were  near  the  rebels.  The  Third  Brigade  is  skirmishing,  with 
the  enemy  a half  mile  in  advance  of  us.  Moved  camp  from 
the  woods  to  a cornfield.  We  were  soon  ordered  to  throw  up 
works,  and  had  just  got  fairly  to  work  when  we  were  ordered 
to  fall  in,  which  we  did  in  a hurry.  Marched  ahead  about 
half  a mile  and  again  commenced  to  throw  up  works.  Got 
nicely  to  work  and  were  again  ordered  to  fall  in.  We  then 
marched  back  three-fourths  of  a mile  and  threw  up  works  on 
each  side  of  the  road.  At  6:00  p.  m.  the  regiment  was  sent 
out  on  picket  on  the  South  Goldsboro  road.  At  10:00  p.  m. 
Companies  K and  D went  ahead  two  miles  and  guarded  a 
bridge  all  night.  The  rest  of  the  regiment  worked  until  mid- 
night on  breastworks.  Distance  marched,  ten  miles.  During 
the  afternoon  we  heard  heavy  and  continuous  cannonading  to 
the  west,  supposed  to  be  the  Fourteenth  and  Twentieth  Corps. 
[This  proved  to  be  correct.  They  had  met  the  rebel  army  and 
it  opened  the  battle  of  Bentonville. — Ed.] 


392  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1865 

March  20th — Monday.  — At  daylight  heard  fighting  and 
charging  on  the  left  of  us  here  at  the  bridge.  It  can’t  be  over 
half  a mile  away.  Two  or  three  balls  came  over  our  heads. 
[We  are  keeping  a sharp  lookout  for  the  rebels.  Expect  they 
will  soon  make  their  appearance  and  try  to  burn  this  bridge, 
and  we  don’t  propose  to  let  them  do  it.  — Extract  from  Lieut. 
Geo.  Baird’s  Diary.']  Our  adjutant  has  just  come  and  ordered 
us  back  to  the  regiment.  Marched  at  6:00  A.  M.  to  within  two 
miles  of  Cox’s  bridge,  on  Neuse  river.  Second  Brigade 
skirmishing  with  rebels  at  the  bridge;  drove  them  across  and 
burned  it.  We  then  turned  to  the  left  and  marched  seven 
miles  toward  Bentonville,  where  we  met  the  enemy.  Our  First 
and  Second  divisions  are  skirmishing.  The  Third  (ours)  is 
held  in  reserve.  The  Seventeenth  Corps  is  coming  up,  they 
are  going  ahead  of  us.  At  2:00  p.  m.  our  boys  are  charging  but 
don’t  drive  the  rebels  much.  They  are  fighting  very  stubbornly. 
General  Sherman  is  now  standing  on  the  right  of  our  regiment 
watching  the  result.  At  about  dark  we  fell  in  and  marched  to 
the  rear  of  the  First  Division.  There  was  heavy  skirmish- 
ing going  on  all  the  evening.  We  dug  rifle-pits.  Distance 
marched,  ten  miles. 

March  21st — Tuesday.  — Skirmishing  kept  up  all  night.  At 
about  ten  o’clock  our  brigade  marched  to  the  rear,  back  from 
our  rifle-pits  about  half  a mile  and  camped  faced  to  the 
rear.  This  was  to  guard  against  an  attack  in  the  rear  from 
Rebel  cavalry.  It  soon  rained  in  torrents.  We  hear  heavy 
musketry  and  men  cheering.  Troops  are  charging,  they  take 
the  enemy’s  outer  line  of  works  and  hold  them.  Our  First, 
Second  and  Fourth  divisions  are  fighting  a little  up  at  the  front. 

Battle  of  Bentonville. 

On  the  nineteenth  Carlin’s  First  Division  of  the  Fourteenth 
Corps  was  in  the  advance  and  was  followed  by  Morgan’s  Second 
Division.  Carlin  was  not  expecting  to  meet  the  enemy  in 
sufficient  force  to  offer  much  resistance  and  when  the  advance 
could  proceed  no  further  he  formed  a brigade  in  line,  which  was 
soon  outflanked  and  forced  to  retire,  as  was  also  the  remainder 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


393 


of  his  troops,  by  the  advancing  rebel  line  of  battle.  Morgan’s 
division  soon  formed  in  line,  intrenched  its  position,  and  the 
Fourteenth  Corps  was  able  to  check  the  advancing  enemy  until 
the  Twentieth  Corps  came  up  to  its  assistance.  Slocum’s  wing 
was  able  to  hold  its  ground.  Meanwhile  he  sent  to  Sherman, 
informed  him  of  the  situation,  and  asked  for  help.  General 
Sherman  says  he  thought  that  Johnston’s  army  was  larger 
than  it  really  was,  and  as  his  supplies  were  quite  limited  in 
quantity  he  did  not  wish  to  force  the  fighting,  but  was  content 
to  skirmish  with  and  hold  tne  enemy  until  he  could  procure 
supplies  and  make  a junction  with  the  forces  under  Schofield 
and  Terry.  The  division  of  General  Mower  advanced,  broke 
the  enemy’s  line  and  was  advancing  toward  Mill  Creek  bridge 
when  Sherman  recalled  them.  This  enabled  the  enemy  to 
retreat  across  the  bridge  and  make  his  escape. 

Our  losses  in  the  battle  were: 


Date. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

Total. 

On  March  19th 

180 

1,220 

515 

1,915 

On  March  20th 

6 

90 

31 

127 

On  March  21st 

37 

157 

107 

301 

Total 

223 

1,467 

653 

2,  343 

Sergt.  George  C.  Snyder  of  Company  F states,  that  on 
March  23d,  at  the  battle  of  Bentonville,  he  was  wounded  in  the 
breast  by  a piece  of  shell  while  the  enemy  was  shelling  the 
woods.  He  also  states  that  another  man  was  wounded  at  that 
time.  Swan  Helling  of  Company  IJ  also  states  that  be  was 
wounded  in  the  left  knee  by  a musket  ball.  General  Tourtel- 
lotte  stated  to  us  in  a letter  that  a few  of  our  men  were 
wounded. 

March  22d — Wednesday. — Hard  fighting  at  the  front  last 
night.  Woke  us  up.  The  Johnnies  left  the  field  last  night, 
leaving  us  their  dead  and  wounded.  It  is  clear  to-day,  but 
very  windy.  The  fires  are  burning  fiercely  in  the  pine  timber 
and  make  it  very  unpleasant  on  account  of  the  smoke.  The 
rebels  crossed  the  Heuse  river  at  Turner’s  bridge.  Our  army 
retraced  its  steps  toward  Cox’s  bridge. 


394 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


March  23d — Thursday. — We  marched  at  7:00  a.  m.  toward 
Goldsboro,  and  after  tramping  for  ten  miles  crossed  and  camped 
just  bevond  Falling  creek.  While  we  were  engaged  at  Benton- 
ville  Captain  Douglas  of  Company  A,  Fourth  Minnesota,  was 
detailed  to  go  out  and  take  possession  of  an  old  grist  mill,  ten 
miles  from  our  lines,  and  run  it  night  and  day,  grinding  corn 
into  meal  for  the  troops  which  were  fighting.  And  a hungry 
fight  we  would  have  had  of  it  in  our  brigade  had  it  not  been 
for  the  captain  and  the  grist  mill. 

March  24-th  — Friday. — Marched  at  8:00  a.  m.  Crossed  Neuse 
river  on  pontoon  bridge  near  the  ruins  of  the  Wilmington 
railroad  bridge.  Entered  Goldsboro  at  3:30  p.  m.  Met  Twenty- 
third  Army  Corps  from  New  Berne.  Saw  Colonel  Thomas  of 
Eighth  Minnesota.  Once  more  we  have  communication  with 
the  world.  Strange  sensation!  — we  are  promised  rest.  It  will 
be  welcome.  We  are  promised  mail,  clothing  and  rations. 
They  will  he  welcome.  Many  of  our  men  are  barefoot;  all  are 
ragged.  At  sunset  camped  two  miles  from  Goldsboro,  N.  C. 
Distance  marched,  twelve  miles.  Distance  marched  from  Sa- 
vannah during  the  campaign  to  Goldsboro,  N.  C.,  463  miles. 
[Population,  Goldsboro,  Wayne  county,  1880,  3,286.] 

Return  for  the  Month  of  March,  1885. — Total  enlisted  present  and  absent, 
662;  aggregate,  694;  aggregate  last  month,  707.  Enlisted  men  present  for 
duty,  415;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  38;  sick,  12;  total,  465.  Commissioned 
officers  present  for  duty,  25;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  2;  sick,  1;  total  28. 

Lieutenant  Janicke,  writing  of  Goldsboro,  says  : 

The  misery,  however,  the  regiment  was  in  will  be  remembered  by  everyone. 
Our  undergarments  and  our  uniforms  were  torn  in  shreds;  half- barefooted,  nay, 
half-naked,  were  officers  and  men.  Besides  this,  the  whole  regiment  was 
lousy.  In  a few  days  there  came  piles  of  new  clothing  and  good  new  shoes, 
hats,  etc.  Our  industrious  quartermaster  brought  us  whole  wagon  loads  of 
Old  Government  coffee,  sugar  and  tea,  and  medicine  and  delicacies  too  numer- 
ous to  mention,  to  relieve  the  sick  and  the  suffering.  An  order  came  from 
headquarters  that  the  old  clothing  and  uniforms  must  be  buried  in  the  ground 
or  burned.  There  was  activity, — a running  “to  and  fro,” — building  nice 
quarters,  sweeping  and  cleaning,  cooking,  frying  and  baking  and  feasting.  An 
order  came:  “Commanders  of  companies,  make  out  pay  rolls  for  six  month’s 

pay.”  Hurrah!  Hurrah!  Hurrah!  This  meant  relief  for  the  regiment,  as  well 
as  for  our  poor,  suffering  families  at  home.  Every  heart  was  glad.  Fine  forti- 
fications were  constructed  all  around  our  division  encampment,  where  sentinels 
could  be  seen  walking  all  in  a line,  as  straight  as  an  arrow  and  facing  one  way; 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


395 


coming  to  “about  face”  all  at  one  time.  We  now  were  all  soldiers  of  the 
United  States  regular  army!  Fine  music  and  brigade  guard  mount  was  the 
order  of  every  day.  Who  would  not  be  a soldier  ? 

The  last  day  at  Goldsboro  the  writer  was  officer  of  the  grand  guard.  Cap- 
tain Murphy  was  officer  of  the  day.  Brigade  guard  mount  commanded  by  a 
second  lieutenant  was  considered  an  honor.  Here  on  this  beautiful  plain 
was  strung  out  a whole  battalion  in  dress  parade  line, — Brigadier  General 
Tourtellotte  with  some  of  his  staff,  many  officers  and  men  of  our  own  regi- 
ment, looking  on  to  see  brigade  guard  mount.  It  was  unquestionably  the  best 
guard  mount  we  had  — such  a large  body  of  men  in  new  uniforms,  new  hats, 
shoes  polished  as  bright  as  a dollar.  I shall  never  forget  when  Captain  Murphy 
gave  the  order:  “Officers,  about  face!  Inspect  your  guard!  March!”  We 
officers  marched  to  our  posts,  when  Lieutenant  Janicke  at  the  head  of  the 
guard  gave  the  order:  “Order  arms!  Inspection  arms!”  The  Fourth  Min- 

nesota Regimental  Band  struck  up  a lively  air  prepared  for  such  occasions;  the 
sergeants  went  through  the  performance  of  inspecting  the  army  at  a lightning 
speed.  When  the  officer  of  the  day  gave  the  order:  “By  platoons!  Right 

wheel!  Head  of  column  to  the  left!  ” the  line  broke  into  platoons,  thus  giving 
every  sergeant  an  opportunity  to  be  a platoon  chief.  The  column  marched 
past  the  old  officer  of  the  day,  reformed  in  line,  when  Captain  Murphy  would 
order  each  sergeant  to  his  respective  post.  The  writer  thinks  that  Captain 
Murphy  acted  on  that  occasion  as  assistant  adjutant  general;  also,  as  past 
adjutant.  No  officer  of  the  day  or  any  grand  rounds  visited  my  guard  on  that 
night.  There  was  wind  in  the  camp  about  marching  orders.  Instead  of  being 
properly  re  ieved  the  next  morning,  I heard  a yelling  and  shouting  in  camp. 
A staff  officer  came  and  ordered  me  and  my  guard  to  skedaddle  — we  had 
orders  to  march.  I shouted  at  the  top  of  my  voice:  “Boys,  roll  up  your 

blankets!  Run  for  your  companies!”  When  we  came  in  camp  there  was  a 
tearing  and  a slashing;  tents  flew  down  and  wagons  were  loading;  Quartermaster 
Russell,  half  wild,  yelling,  “Officers,  bring  your  valises!  ” The  whole  camp- 
ing grounds  were  strewn  with  muster  and  pay  rolls,  while  our  pockets  were 
empty.  Not  one  had  a red  cent.  We  were  Uncle  Sam’s  soldiers.  Orders 
must  be  obeyed.  The  regiment  formed,  the  order  of  “Attention!  ” was  given, 
and  on  the  tenth  of  April  at  10:00  o’clock  a.  m.  the  column  was  in  motion. 


Generals  Schofield  and  Terry  moved  on  Goldsboro  from 
Wilmington  and  entered  it  on  the  twentieth  of  March  with 
their  troops,  which,  with  General  Sherman’s  forces,  made  an 
army  of  about  eighty  thousand  men.  Leaving  the  army  in 
command  of  General  Schofield,  General  Sherman  took  the 
small  steamer  Russia  at  Morehead  City  and  proceeded  in  her  to 
City  Point,  arriving  on  March  27th,  and  on  the  morning  of  the 
twenty-eighth  met  President  Lincoln,  General  Grant  and 
Admiral  Porter  on  board  the  steamer  River  Queen,  where  they 
held  a council.  On  the  afternoon  of  the  twenty-eighth  General 


396 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


Sherman  started  back  to  his  army  on  the  steamer  Bat,  and 
arrived  at  Goldsboro  on  the  thirtieth.  As  soon  as  General 
Sherman  returned  to  Goldsboro  he  reorganized  his  army. 

It  will  be  seen  that  our  regiment  was  placed  in  the  Second 
Brigade.  This  was  the  first  time  in  its  history  when  it  formed 
a part  of  any  except  the  First  Brigade.  Colonel  Tourtellotte 
was  assigned  to  the  command  of  this  brigade  and  continued  as 
such  until  the  division  was  disbanded  at  Raleigh,  when  he  re- 
turned to  the  regiment. 

Generals  Charles  R.  and  William  B.  Woods  were  brothers. 
The  former  was  colonel  aud  the  latter  lieutenant  colonel  of  the 
Seventy-sixth  Ohio  Infantry,  and  when  the  former  was  promoted 
the  latter  became  the  colonel  of  that  regiment.  William  B., 
after  the  close  of  the  Avar,  in  partnership  with  his  brother-in- 
law,  Gen.  Willard  Warner,  purchased  the  Daniel  Pratt  planta- 
tion, a few  miles  below  Montgomery,  Ala.  President  Grant 
appointed  Wm.  B.  Woods  as  judge  of  the  United  States  Court 
in  Alabama  and  he  was  subsequently  justice  of  United  States 
Supreme  Court.  [Now  deceased.]  Gen.  Charles  R.  Woods  re- 
centty  died  while  on  the  retired  list,  United  States  Army. 


Fifteenth  Army  Corps — Maj.  Gen.  John  A.  Logan  Commanding. 


Army  of  the  Tennessee. 


MAJ.  GEN.  0.  0.  HOAVARD  COMMANDING, 


First  Division  — Bvt.  Maj.  Gen.  C.  R.  Woods. 


Bvt.  Brig. Gen.W.B.  Woods. 


First  Brigade. 


Col.  R.  F.  Catterson. 


Second  Brigade. 


Third  Brigade. 
Col.  G.  A.  Stone. 


Seventy-sixth  Ohio  Infantry. 
Twenty-sixth  Iowa  Infantry. 
Thirty-first  Missouri  Infantry. 


Twelfth  Indiana  Infantry. 


Twenty-seventh  Missouri  In- 


fantry. 


Infantry. 

Sixth  Iowa  Infantry. 

Ninety  seventh  Indiana  In- 
fantry. 

Twenty-sixth  Illinois  Infantry. 
One  Hundredth  Indiana  Iu- 


Fortieth  Illinois  Infantry. 
Forty-sixth  Ohio  Infantry. 

One  Hundred  and  Third  Illinois 


Fourth  Iowa  Infantry. 
Twenty-fifth  Iowa  Infantry. 
Thirtieth  Iowa  Infantry. 
Thirty-first  Iowa  Infantry. 


fantry. 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


397 


Second  Division  — Maj.  Gen.  William  B.  Hazen. 


First  Brigade. 

Col.  T.  Jones. 

Sixth  Missouri  Infantry. 
Fifty-fifth  Illinois  Infantry. 

One  Hundred  and  Sixteenth 
Illinois  Infantry. 

One  Hundred  and  Twenty- 
seventh  Illinois  Infantry. 
Thirtieth  Ohio  Infantry. 
Fifty-seventh  Ohio  Infantry. 


Second  Brigade. 

Col.  W.  S.  Jones. 
Thirty-seventh  Ohio  Infantry. 
Forty-seventh  Ohio  Infantry. 
Fifty-third  Ohio  Infantry. 
Fifty-fourth  Ohio  Infantry. 
Eighty-third  Indiana  Infantry. 
One  Hundred  and  Eleventh 
Illinois  Infantry. 


Third  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  J.  M.  Oliver. 

Fifteenth  Michigan  In- 
fantry. 

Seventieth  Ohio  Infantry. 

Forty-eighth  Illinois  In- 
fantry. 

Ninetieth  Illinois  Infantry. 

Ninety-ninth  Indiana  In- 
fantry. 


Third  Division  — Bvt.  Maj.  Gen.  John  E.  Smith. 


First  Brigade. 
Brig.  Gen.  Wm.  T.  Clark. 

Eighteenth  Wisconsin  Infantry. 
Fifty-ninth  Indiana  Infantry. 
Sixty-third  Illinois  Infantry. 
Forty-eighth  Indiana  Infantry. 
Ninety-third  Illinois  Infantry. 


Second  Brigade. 

Col.  J.  E.  Tourtellotte. 

Fifty-sixth  Illinois  Infantry. 

Tenth  Iowa  Infantry. 

Eightieth  Ohio  Infantry. 

Seventeenth  Iowa  Infantry. 

Battalion  Twenty-sixth  Missouri  Infantry. 
Battalion  Tenth  Missouri  Infantry. 

Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry. 


Fourth  Division  — Bvt.  Maj.  Gen.  John  M.  Corse. 


First  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  E.  W.  Bice. 
Second  Iowa  Infantry. 
Seventh  Iowa  Infantry. 
Sixty-sixth  Indiana  Infantry. 
Fifty-second  Illinois  Infantry. 


Second  Brigade. 

Col.  R.  N.  Adams. 
Twelfth  Illinois  Infantry. 
Sixty-sixth  Illinois  Infantry. 
Eighty-first  Ohio  Infantry. 


Third  Brigade. 

Col.  F.  J.  Hurlbut. 

Seventh  Illinois  Infantry. 

Thirty -ninth  Iowa  In- 
fantry. 

Fiftieth  Illinois  Infantry. 

Fifty-seventh  Illinois  In- 
fantry. 

One  Hundred  and  Tenth 
United  States  Colored 
Infantry. 


Detachments. 

Artillery  Brigade  — Lieut.  Col.  William  H.  Ross. 


Company  H,  First  Illinois  Artillery.  I Company  H,  First  Missouri  Artillery. 

Twelfth  Wisconsin  Battery.  I Company  B,  First  Michigan  Artillery. 

Twenty-ninth  Missouri  Infantry. 

Signal  Detachment. 

We  copy  the  following  from  muster-in  rolls  made  and  dated 
Goldsboro,  April  3 and  4,  1865 : 

George  M.  D.  Lambert  was  mustered  in  as  assistant  surgeon,  to  date  from 
Feb.  9,  1865.  Henry  E.  Wedel  was  mustered  in  as  surgeon,  to  date  from  Feb. 


398  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1865 

9,  1865.  On  April  4,  1865,  Herbert  N.  Hosmer  was  mustered  in  as  captain  of 
Company  K,  to  date  from  March  29,  1865,  vice  Morrill,  mustered  out. 

^Signed)  J.  E.  Tourtellotte, 

Colonel  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry,  Commanding. 

C.  J.  Dickey, 

First  Lieutenant  Thirteenth  Infantry , Commissary  of  Musters,  Thirteenth  Army  Corps. 

April  4.1  h — Tuesday. — The  brass  band  of  the  Second  Min- 
nesota Infantry  serenaded  our  regiment  to-day.  Capt.  T.  P. 
Wilson,  assistant  quartermaster,  has  been  assigned  to  duty  as 
assistant  to  Gen.  L.  C.  Easton,  chief  quartermaster  of  Gen- 
eral Sherman’s  army. 

April  10th — Monday. — -At  ten  o’clock  marched  through  camp 
in  a northern  direction,  fourteen  miles,  to  Pikeville  [popula- 
tion, 1880,50],  Wayne  county,  on  the  Wilmington,  Weldon  & 
Petersburg  railroad.  Very  muddy.  Pine  woods.  Sandy  soil. 
Marched  by  the  side  of  the  road.  Marched  until  twelve  o’clock 
at  night  and  then  kept  on  marching.  Rained  all  day  and  part 
of  the  night.  Heard  some  cannonading. 

April  11th  — Tuesday. — Marched  three  miles.  Camped  at  1:00 
A.  m.  Slept  without  any  shelter;  no  blankets  with  us.  Details 
went  to  get  the  wagons  out  of  the  mud  and  came  back  at  day- 
light. Started  at  nine  o’clock,  our  division  taking  a by-road. 
Heard  some  cannonading.  Marched  behind  the  Second  Divi- 
sion. Turned  off  on  another  road.  Found  some  rebel  deserters. 
We  were  in  the  advance.  At  three  o’clock  we  got  to  the  Little 
river.  Came  in  to  main  Raleigh  road  at  4:00  p.  m.  Had  to 
wait  for  the  Second  Division  to  pass.  Stacked  arms  and  rested 
until  after  dark,  when  we  moved  on  two  miles,  crossing  the 
river.  Passed  through  Lowell  Mills  and  camped  in  the  edge  of 
town  in  a pine  thicket.  Marched  sixteen  miles.  There  is  a 
large  cotton  factory  here. 

Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi. 

In  the  Field,  Smithfield,  N.  C.,  April  11,  1865,  10:30  p.  m. 

General  Kilpatrick,  Commanding  Cavalry, 

General:  Please,  hereafter  in  reporting  your  position,  to  use  Dames  on 

our  map.  Moore’s,  on  Middle  creek,  is  not  down.  I suppose  you  to  be  about 
the  mill  without  name.  You  may  count  on  my  being  near  Gulley’s  store  to- 
morrow night,  and  you  may  go  as  near  Raleigh  as  you  can.  I have  Raleigh 
papers  of  the  tenth.  Stoneman  is  raiding  strong  near  Greensburg  and  Wheeler 
is  after  him.  A portion  of  Wade  Hampton’s  cavalry  is  cut  off  toward  Weldon 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


399 


(Nahuma  Swamps).  I don’t  think  Wade  Hampton  has  two  thousand  cavalry 
with  him,  and  this  is  your  chance.  I will  push  all  the  columns  straight  on  Ra- 
leigh. I don’t  care  about  Raleigh  now,  but  want  to  defeat  and  destroy  the 
Confederate  army;  therefore  you  may  run  any  risk.  Of  course,  don’t  break  the 
railroad,  except  to  the  rear  (west)  of  Johnston,  as  we  want  the  rails  up  to  Ra- 
leigh. General  Wilson  has  taken  Selma  and  is  threatening  Montgomery.  He 
has  whipped  Red  Jackson  twenty-seven  miles  from  Selma,  and  at  Selma 
knocked  Forrest  all  to  pieces.  Rebel  papers  report  Forrest  wounded  in  three 
places.  Abe  Buford  to  defend  Montgomery  with  citizens.  Dick  Taylor  ran 
westward  from  Selma.  Maury  cooped  up  in  Mobile.  General  Grant  is  be- 
tween Johnston  and  Lee;  they  cannot  communicate.  Davis  is  at  Danville. 

Yours,  W.  T.  Sherman, 

Major  General. 

April  12th — Wednesday. — We  were  rearguard.  Cold  morn- 
ing. Started  at  eight.  Roads  better.  Country  rich  and  roll- 
ing. More  hardwood  timber.  We  came  up  to  the  Seven- 
teenth Army  Corps  and  passed  it.  Pine  timber  and  oak  bushes 
mixed.  Bivouacked  in  the  afternoon  at  six  o’clock.  First  Di- 
vision on  the  right  hand  side  of  the  road,  fortified.  Some  de- 
serters came  into  our  lines  and  the  woods  seem  to  he  full  of 
them.  Many  of  the  citizens  are  delighted  to  see  us.  [“I  took 
a lot  of  canteens  and  went  off  to  a house  in  the  woods  to  get 
water.  Had  the  bucket  half  way  up  the  well  and  heard  a noise 
in  the  house.  Looked  around  and  saw  the  house  full  of  armed 
rebels.  Was  very  scared.  One  said:  ‘ We  surrender ! ’ I sur- 
rounded them  and  brought  them  into  camp. — Sly.”]  Distance 
marched  to-day,  fifteen  miles.  We  are  twenty -two  miles  from 
Raleigh.  A shout  was  raised  to-day  from  the  front  to  the  rear 
of  the  column  as  staff  officers  rode  along  informing  us  of  the 
glorious  news  of  Lee’s  surrender. 

April  13th — Thursday. — Left  camp  at  5:30  a.  m.  Our  divi- 
sion in  the  advance.  Country  rich  and  well  cultivated.  More 
oak  aud  hickory  trees.  Roads  good.  Marched  very  steadily, 
reaching  paper  mills  on  Reuse  river,  seven  miles  from 
Raleigh,  just  in  time  to  save  the  bridge  from  being  burned  by 
the  rebels,  who  were  retreating  before  us.  Bivouacked  in  a 
cornfield  on  Crab  creek,  within  six  miles  of  Raleigh.  The 
Fourteenth  Corps  took  possession  of  the  city  this  morning.  It 
is  cold  and  we  had  some  frost.  We  heard  some  cannonading 
to-day. 


400 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi. 

In  the  Field,  Smithfield,  N.  C.,  April  12,  5 a.  m. 
Lieut.  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  Commanding  Armies  of  the  United  States,  Virginia, 

General:  I have  this  moment  received  your  telegram  announcing  the 

surrender  of  Lee’s  army.  I hardly  know  how  to  express  my  feelings,  hut  you 
can  imagine  them.  The  terms  you  have  given  Lee  are  magnanimous  and  lib- 
eral. Should  Johnston  follow  Lee’s  example,  I shall  of  course  grant  the  same. 
He  is  retreating  before  me  on  Raleigh,  and  I shall  be  there  to-morrow.  Roads 
are  heavy,  but  under  the  inspiration  of  the  news  from  you  we  can  march 
twenty-five  miles  a day.  I am  twenty-seven  miles  from  Raleigh,  but  some  of 
my  army  is  eight  miles  behind.  If  Johnston  retreats  south,  I shall  follow  him 
to  insure  the  scattering  of  his  force  and  capture  of  the  locomotives  and  cars  at 
Charlotte,  but  I take  it  he  will  surrender  at  Raleigh.  General  Kilpatrick’s 
cavalry  is  ten  miles  to  the  south  and  west  of  me  on  Middle  creek,  and  I have  sent 
Major  Andenried  to  him  with  orders  to  make  for  the  south  and  west  of  Raleigh 
by  five  different  roads.  The  railroad  is  being  repaired  from  Goldsboro  to  Ra- 
leigh, but  I will  not  aim  to  carry  it  further.  I shall  expect  to  hear  of  General 
Sheridan  in  case  Johnston  does  not  surrender  at  Raleigh.  With  little  more 
cavalry  I would  be  sure  to  capture  the  whole  army. 

Yours  truly,  W.  T.  Sherman, 
Major  General,  Commanding. 

To-niglit  General  Sherman  reached  Gully’s  Station,  and  on 
the  evening  of  April  13th  there  came  to  him  a locomotive  and 
car  from  Kaleigli,  with  three  commissioners  from  Governor 
Vance,  asking  protection  for  the  citizens  of  Raleigh. 

Headquarters  Miiitary  Division  of  the  Mississippi. 

In  the  Field,  Raleigh,  N.  C.,  April  13,  1865. 
Lieut.  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  City  Point,  Fa., 

General:  We  entered  Raleigh  this  morning.  Johnston  has  retreated 

westward.  I shall  move  to  Ashville  and  Salisbury  or  Charlotte.  I hope  Gen- 
eral Sheridan  is  coming  this  way  with  his  cavalry.  If  I can  bring  Johnston  to 
a stand,  I will  soon  fix  him.  The  people  here  had  not  heard  of  the  surrender 
of  Lee  and  hardly  credit  it.  All  well.  W.  T.  Sherman, 

Major  General. 

April  14-th  — Friday. — Marched  at  9:00  a.  m.  for  Raleigh,  the 
wagon  trains  taking  another  road.  General  Sherman  reviewed 
the  troops  at  the  capitol  as  we  marched  into  the  city.  Streets 
are  full  of  soldiers,  citizens  and  negroes.  Citizens  seem  to 
take  the  fact  of  Federal  rule  contentedly  and  philosophically  — 
many  of  them  joyfully.  Everyone  seems  satisfied  that  the 
Confederacy  is  defunct.  The  army  is  wild  with  joy  at  the 
intelligence  of  Lee’s  surrender  and  look  forward  with  hope  to 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


401 


a speedy  end  of  war  and  a return  to  the  loved  ones  at  home. 
Raleigh  is  a beautiful  little  city.  It  has  not  been,  evidently,  a 
place  of  much  business  importance.  Some  of  the  streets  are 
elegant.  Others  show  the  beginning  of  decay.  The  capitol 
is  an  old  building,  but  is  surrounded  by  venerable  trees  and 
hasa statue  of  Washington  in  bronze  before  the  south  entrance. 
The  effect  is  pleasing.  The  asylum  for  the  deaf,  dumb  and 
blind,  located  in  the  heart  of  the  city,  is  a fine  building,  with 
tasty  grounds  adjacent.  Three-fourths  of  a mile  distant  and 
located  on  an  eminence  in  the  outskirts  of  the  city  stands  the 
lunatic  asylum,  a splendid  building  seven  hundred  feet  in 
length.  Camped  one  mile  north  of  town,  outside  of  the  rebel 
works.  [Population,  1880,  14,000.] 

The  following  order  was  received  in  camp  to-day: 

Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi. 

In  the  Field,  Smithfield,  N.  C.,  April  12,  1865. 
Special  Field  Orders,  No.  54 : 

The  general  commanding  announces  to  the  army  that  he  has  official  notice 
from  General  Grant  that  General  Lee  surrendered  to  him  his  entire  army  on 
the  ninth  instant,  at  Appomattox  Courthouse,  Va.  Glory  to  God  and  our 
country,  and  all  honor  to  our  comrades  in  arms  toward  whom  we  are  marching! 
A little  more  labor,  a little  more  toil  on  our  part,  the  great  race  is  won  and  the 
government  stands  regenerated,  after  four  long  years  of  war. 

W.  T.  Sherman, 

Major  General , Commanding. 


On  this  day,  the  fourth  anniversary  of  the  fall  of  Fort  Sum- 
ter, Maj.  Gen.  Robert  Anderson  hoisted  the  identical  flag  over 
this  fort  that  he  was  forced  by  the  rebels  to  haul  down  before 
its  forced  evacuation,  April  14,  1861.  The  flag  was  raised  at 
noon  and  saluted  by  a hundred  guns.  Henry  Ward  Beecher 
was  present  and  delivered  an  oration,  and  Bradbury,  the  com- 
poser of  music,  was  also  present,  and  led  the  patriotic  song 
service  with  a composition  for  that  occasion:  “We’ll  Nail  It 

to  the  Mast,  Boys;  Nail  It  to  the  Mast!” 

It  was  ordered  by  the  President  that  Gen.  Robert  Anderson 
should,  at  the  hour  of  noon  on  the  fourteenth  day  of  April,  raise 
and  plant  on  the  ruins  of  Fort  Sumter  the  identical  flag 
lowered  and  saluted  by  him  four  years  before.  Gen.  Q.  A. 

26 


402 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865  | 

Gilmore  had  charge  of  the  ceremonies.  Dahlgren’s  fleet 
opened  the  day  by  firing  from  every  vessel  in  the  harbor  a 
national  salute  of  twenty-one  guns.  Dr.  Richard  S.  Stoors  and 
the  people  read  in  alternate  verses  a selection  of  psalms  of 
thanksgiving  and  praise.  Gen.  E.  D.  Townsend  read  the 
original  dispatch,  announcing  the  fall  of  Sumter,  and  pre- 
cisely at  noon  General  Anderson,  with  his  own  hands,  seized 
the  halyards  and  hoisted  the  flag.  All  the  guns  from  the  cap- 
tured and  erected  forts  in  the  harbor  fired  a salute.  General 
Anderson  made  a speech,  and  the  people  sang  “The  Star 
Spangled  Banner.”  Mr.  Beecher  delivered  an  address.  At 
sunset  another  national  salute  was  fired  and  the  evening  was 
given  up  to  social  festivities.  At  night  a brilliant  show  of 
fireworks  illuminated  the  bay  from  the  fleet. 

Off  Sandy  Hook,  Steamship  Baltic, 

April  18,  1861,  10:30  A.  m. — via  New  York. 

Having  defended  Fort  Sumter  for  thirty-four  hours,  until  the  quarters 
were  entirely  burned,  the  main  gates  destroyed  by  fire,  the  gorge  walls  closed 
from  the  effects  of  heat,  four  barrels  and  three  cartridges  of  powder  only  being 
available  and  no  provisions  remaining  but  pork,  I accepted  terms  of  evacua- 
tion offered  by  General  Beauregard,  being  the  same  offered  by  him  on  the 
eleventh  instant,  prior  to  the  commencement  of  hostilities,  and  marched  out  of 
the  fort  Sunday  afternoon,  the  fourteenth  instant,  with  colors  flying  and  drums 
beating,  bringing  away  company  and  private  property,  and  saluting  my  flag 
with  fifty  guns.  Robert  Anderson, 

Major  First  Artillery , Commanding. 

Hon.  S.  Cameron,  Secretary  of  War,  Washington. 

(1,  12.) 

John  G.  Foster,  captain  of  engineers,  said  in  his  report: 

The  evacuation  was  completed  after  saluting  the  flag,  in  doing  which  one 
man  was  instantly  killed,  one  mortally  and  four  severely  wounded,  by 
the  premature  discharge  of  a gun  and  explosion  of  a pile  of  cartridges.  The 
whole  command  went  on  board  a steamer  which  placed  them  on  board  the  Isabel, 
where  they  remained  all  night.  April  14th  the  Isabel  went  over  the  bar  and 
placed  the  whole  command  on  board  the  steamer  Baltic,  which  started  for  New  : 
York. 

Those  were  the  only  casualties  in  Sumter.  Beauregard 
telegraphed  to  L.  P.  Walker,  the  rebel  secretary,  April  13th: 

We  take  possession  of  Sumter  to-morrow  morning.  I allow  him  the  privi- 
lege of  saluting  his  flag.  No  one  killed  on  our  side  and  but  two  wounded. 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


403 


And  Walker  replied  April  13th: 

Accept  my  congratulations.  You  have  won  your  spurs.  A salute  of  fifteen 
guns  will  be  fired  in  front  of  the  department  this  afternoon  at  two  o’clock. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  this  fort  was  a heap  of  ruins,  bat- 
tered down  by  the  combined  cannonading,  first  try  the  rebels 
and  next  by  our  own  fleet  of  gunboats.  Only  one  tier  of  case- 
mates was  left  intact,  on  the  top  of  which  lay  in  huge  piles 
the  crumbled  remains  of  the  two  upper  tiers  and  their  arma- 
ments. In  1885  a destructive  cyclone  passed  over  this  region, 
which  carried  the  sea  over  the  ruins  and  leveled  down  to 
some  extent  the  loose  debris , The  government  has  put  on  a 
few  repairs,  with  a capstone  over  the  lower  tier  of  casemates 
in  order  to  preserve  it,  and  has  also  mounted  eighteen  large 
cannon. 

The  original  fort  contained  three  tiers  of  casemates  some 
seventy-live  feet  high.  A soldier  lives  in  a small  house  inside 
the  fort,  his  duty  being  to  “hold  the  fort”  and  show  visitors 
around.  A lighthouse  and  a signal  or  fog  bell  also  decorate 
the  place.  A short  distance  south  of  Sumter  lies  Morris 
island,  a barren  sandhill.  Fort  Moultrie  is  one  mile  to  the 
north  of  Sumter,  across  the  main  channel.  This  fort  (in  1888) 
is  also  in  ruins  as  the  war  left  it  except  it  has  a keeper  and 
four  mounted  heavy  guns.  Under  the  shadow  of  the  walls  of 
this  fort  lie  buried  the  remains  of  “ Osceola,  the  patriot  and 
warrior,  who  died  at  Moultrie  Jan.  30,  1838,  in  captivity.” 

While  our  army  at  Raleigh  is  rejoicing  over  the  news  of  the 
capture  of  Lee’s  army  and  the  prospect  of  the  close  of  the  war 
and  the  patriotic  services  are  closing  at  Fort  Sumter,  a tragedy 
is  being  enacted  at  Washington  that  sends  a thrill  of  horror 
throughout  the  civilized  world: 

On  the  evening  of  Good  Friday,  April  14th,  President  Lincoln  visited  Ford’s 
Theatre,  accompanied  by  Mrs.  Lincoln  and  two  or  three  personal  friends.  The 
play  was  “ Our  American  Cousins.”  A few  minutes  past  ten  o’clock  an  obscure 
actor,  John  Wilkes  Booth,  entered  the  box,  having  first  barred  the  passage 
leading  to  it,  approached  the  President  from  behind,  placed  a pistol  close  to 
his  head  and  fired.  He  then  leaped  from  the  front  of  the  box  upon  the  stage 
and  brandishing  a dagger,  shouted,  ‘ ‘ Sic  semper  tyrannis!  the  South  is  avenged ! ’ ’ 
Disappearing  behind  the  scenes  he  passed  out  of  the  stage  door  and  escaped. 
The  President’s  head  fell  slightly  forward,  his  eyes  closed  and  consciousness 


404 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


never  returned.  He  was  removed  to  a private  house  on  the  opposite  side  of  j 
the  street,  where  he  died  at  twenty-two  minutes  past  seven  o’clock  the  nest  ; 
morning. — [ American  Cyclopedia.  ] 


April  15th — Saturday. — Left  bivouac  at  6:30  a.  m.  Rain 
commenced  falling  in  the  night  and  it  still  rains.  Left  supply 
train  and  prepared  for  a forced  march.  After  marching  one 
mile  we  halted  and  stood  for  nearly  two  hours  in  a pelting 
rain,  when  we  were  ordered  back  to  camp.  Rumors  of  sur- 
render of  Johnston  are  afloat.  Drew  rations.  One  may  hear 
any  kind  of  a rumor  by  walking  through  camp. 

April  16tli — Sunday. — Remained  in  camp.  Men  loaf,  smoke, 
guess,  surmise,  wonder,  stroll,  talk  of  peace,  etc. 

The  first  news  of  the  assassination  of  President  Lincoln 
reached  General  Sherman  on  the  seventeenth.  Lieutenant 
Janicke  says: 


On  the  morning  of  the  eighteenth  of  April,  while  kneeling  on  the  green- 
sward around  the  breakfast  dishes,  a newsboy  came  running  into  our  camp  with  a 
lot  of  Raleigh  newspapers,  shouting:  “All  about  the  assassination ! President 
Lincoln  assassinated!  ” Ibuyacopy.  Horror!  The  black  border  tells  the  truth! 
We  drop  knives  and  forks,  and  rise  grief-stricken,  and  in  solemn  silence  leave 
our  breakfast.  Lieutenant  Dooley  is  standing  behind  an  oak  tree  crying,  the 
tears  falling  from  his  eyes.  Before  I get  through  reading  my  bosom  swells 
with  painful  emotion  over  the  sad  news.  All  is  lost.  My  paper  is  sprinkled 
all  over  with  tears.  Officers  and  men  feel  thunderstruck.  The  camp  is  in 
mourning. 


Surrender  of  Johnston’s  Army. 

General  Sherman  says  in  his  “Memoirs:” 


I received  a reply  from  General  Johnston  agreeing  to  again  meet  me  the 
next  day  at  a point  (Bennett’s  farmhouse)  midway  between  our  advance  at 
Durham  and  his  at  Hillsboro.  I ordered  a car  and  locomotive  to  be  pre- 
pared to  convey  me  up  to  Durham’s  at  eight  o’clock  of  the  morning  of  April 
17th.  Just  as  we  were  entering  the  car  the  telegraph  operator,  whose  office 
was  upstairs  in  the  depot  building,  ran  down  to  me  and  said  that  he  was  at  that 
instant  of  time  receiving  a most  important  dispatch  in  cipher  from  Moorehead 
City,  which  I ought  to  see.  I held  the  train  for  nearly  half  an  hour,  when  he 
returned  with  the  message  translated  and  written  out.  It  was  from  Mr.  Stan- 
ton, announcing  the  assassination  of  Mr.  Lincoln. 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


405 


This  dispatch  was  not  made  known  to  the  army  until  his  re- 
turn to  Raleigh,  when  the  following  order  was  issued : 

Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi. 

In  the  Field,  Raleigh,  N.  C.,  April  17,  1865. 

Special  Field  Orders,  No.  56: 

The  general  commanding  announces,  with  pain  and  sorrow,  that  on  the 
evening  of  the  fourteenth  instant,  at  the  theatre  in  Washington  City,  his  Excel- 
lency the  President  of  the  United  States,  Mr.  Lincoln,  was  assassinated  by  one 
who  uttered  the  state  motto  of  Virginia.  At  the  same  time  the  Secretary  of 
State,  Mr.  Seward,  while  suffering  from  a broken  arm,  was  also  stabbed  by 
another  murderer  in  his  own  house,  but  still  survives,  and  his  son  was 
wounded,  supposed  fatally.  It  is  believed,  by  persons  capable  of  judging,  that 
other  high  officers  were  designed  to  share  the  same  fate.  Thus  it  seems  that 
our  enemy,  despairing  of  meeting  us  in  open,  manly  warfare,  begins  to  resort 
to  the  assassin’s  tools.  Your  general  does  not  wish  you  to  infer  that  this  is 
universal,  for  he  knows  that  the  great  mass  of  the  Confederate  army  would 
scorn  to  sanction  such  acts,  but  he  believes  it  the  legitimate  consequence  of  re- 
bellion against  rightful  authority. 

We  have  met  every  phase  which  this  war  has  assumed,  and  must  now  be 
prepared  for  it  in  its  last  and  worst  shape  — that  of  assassins  and  guerrillas. 
But  woe  unto  the  people  who  seek  to  expend  their  wild  passions  in  such  a 
manner,  for  there  is  but  one  dread  result! 

By  order  of  Maj.  Gen.  W.  T.  Sherman. 

L.  M.  Dayton, 
Assistant  Adjutant  General. 


Gen.  J.  E.  Johnston  sent  a note  to  General  Sherman  April 
14th,  inquiring  whether  the  latter  was  willing,  for  the  purpose 
of  stopping  the  “ effusion  of  blood,”  to  agree  to  a temporary 
suspension  of  hostilities  until  General  Grant  should  be  asked 
to  take  action  in  regard  to  the  other  armies  similar  to  that  had 
in  the  case  of  General  Lee’s.  Sherman  promptly  complied  with 
Johnston’s  wishes  and  met  that  general  at  Durham  Station  on 
the  seventeenth,  and  on  the  eighteenth  an  agreement  was  signed 
by  the  two  generals.  Durham  Station  is  twenty-six  miles  up 
the  railroad  toward  Hillsboro. 

Sherman  says  of  the  meeting  with  Johnston  on  the  seven- 
teenth : 

We  agreed  to  meet  again  the  next  day  at  noon  at  the  same  place  and  parted, 
he  for  Hillsboro  and  I for  Raleigh. 


406 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


Memorandum  of  Basis  of  Agreement  made  this  eighteenth  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1865, 
near  Durham’s  Station,  in  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  by  and  between  Gen. 
Joseph  E Johnston,  Commanding  the  Confederate  Army,  and  Maj.  Gen. 
William  T.  Sherman,  Commanding  the  Army  of  the  United  States  in  North 
Carolina  {both  present). 

First — The  contending  armies  now  in  the  field  to  maintain  the  statu  quo 
until  notice  is  given  by  the  commanding  general  of  any  one  to  its  opponent,  and 
reasonable  time  — say,  forty-eight  hours — allowed. 

Secojid  — The  Confederate  armies  now  in  existence  to  be  disbanded  and  con- 
ducted to  their  several  state  capitals,  there  to  deposit  their  arms  and  public 
property  in  the  state  arsenal;  and  each  officer  and  man  to  execute  and  file  an 
agreement  to  cease  from  acts  of  war  and  to  abide  the  action  of  the  state  and 
Federal  authority.  The  number  of  arms  and  munitions  of  war  to  be  reported 
to  the  chief  of  ordnance  at  Washington  City,  subject  to  the  future  action  of  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  in  the  meantime  to  be  used  solely  to 
maintain  peace  and  order  within  the  borders  of  the  states  respectively. 

Third  — The  recognition  by  the  executive  of  the  United  States  of  the  several 
state  governments,  on  their  officers  and  legislatures  taking  the  oath  prescribed 
by  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  when  conflicting  state  govern- 
ments have  resulted  from  the  war,  the  legitimacy  of  all  shall  be  submitted  to 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States. 

Fourth  — The  re-establishment  of  all  the  Federal  courts  in  the  several  states, 
with  powers  as  defined  by  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  and  of  the 
states  respectively. 

Fifth  — The  people  and  inhabitants  of  all  the  states  to  be  guaranteed,  so  far 
as  the  executive  can,  their  political  rights  and  franchises,  as  well  as  their 
rights  of  person  and  property,  as  defined  by  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States  and  of  the  states  respectively. 

Sixth  — The  executive  authority  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  not 
to  disturb  any  of  the  people  by  reason  of  the  late  war,  so  long  as  they  live  in 
peace  and  quiet,  abstain  from  acts  of  armed  hostility  and  obey  the  laws  in  ex- 
istence at  the  place  of  their  residence. 

Seventh  — In  general  terms  — the  war  to  cease:  ageneral  amnesty,  so  far  as  the 
executive  of  the  United  States  can  command,  on  condition  of  the  disbandment 
of  the  Confederate  armies,  the  distribution  of  the  arms  and  the  resumption  of 
peaceful  pursuits  by  the  officers  and  men  hitherto  composing  said  armies. 

Not  being  fully  empowered  by  our  respective  principals  to  fulfill  these 
terms,  we  individually  and  officially  pledge  ourselves  to  promptly  obtain  the 
necessary  authority  and  to  carry  out  the  above  program. 

W.  T.  Sherman, 

Major  General,  Commanding  Army  of  the  United  States  in  North  Carolina. 

J.  E.  Johnston, 

General,  Commanding  Confederate  States  Army  in  North  Carolina. 

On  the  nineteenth  General  Sherman  sent  Maj.  Henry  Hitch- 
cock of  his  staff  with  the  articles  of  agreement  to  Washington. 
As  soon  as  the  mission  of  Hitchcock  became  known  to  Presi- 


1865]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS.  407 

dent  Johnson,  he  at  once  called  a session  of  his  cabinet,  at 
which  General  Grant  was  present.  Consternation  seemed  to 
suddenly  possess  the  President  and  his  advisers,  for  fear  that 
General  Sherman  would  commit  the  government  to  terms 
wdiich  would  not  only  end  the  war  but  restore  all  of  those 
people  at  once  to  all  of  their  political  rights,  and  it  being 
reported  that  Jetf.  Davis  was  fleeing  to  escape  to  Europe  or 
Mexico  with  several  millions  of  dollars  in  gold,  and  the  pend- 
ing negotiations  having  a tendency  to  aid  his  purpose,  it  looked 
at  Washington  as  if  he  might  succeed,  the  result  of  the  cabi- 
net session  was  that  the  agreement  be  rejected,  and  General 
Grant  was  directed  to  proceed  to  the  headquarters  of  General 
Sherman  and  direct  the  operations  against  Johnston’s  army, 
and,  accompanied  by  Generals  Sheridan  and  Meade,  General 
Grant  returned  with  Major  Hitchcock.  General  Grant  reached 
Raleigh  on  the  twenty-fourth  and  informed  General  Sherman 
of  the  rejection  of  his  terms  with  Johnston,  and  directed  him 
to  at  once  notify  Johnston  of  the  end  of  the  truce  and  that 
the  surrender  of  the  army  of  General  Johnston  would  be  re- 
ceived on  the  same  terms  that  were  accorded  to  General  Lee’s. 
These  terms  were  accepted  by  Johnston  and  on  April  26th 
the  two  generals  met  once  more  at  Bennett’s  farmhouse  and 
signed  the  new  terms  of  surrender,  which  were  approved  by 
U.  S.  Grant,  lieutenant  general.  The  War  Department,  how- 
ever, had  sent  out  orders  to  the  different  commanders  in  the 
field,  informing  them  of  the  rejection  of  the  first  terms  of 
agreement,  and  with  orders  “to  pay  no  regard  to  any  truce  or 
orders  of  General  Sherman  respecting  hostilities,  but  to  push 
the  enemy  in  all  directions.”  General  Sherman  says  these 
orders  were  not  known  to  him  until  read  by  him  in  Northern 
newspapers,  and  he  felt  grossly  insulted  by  Halleck  and  Stan- 
ton, which  he  determined  to  resent  on  the  first  opportunity. 

April  19th — Wednesday.  — Sly  says:  “Moved  camp  one  mile. 
Lots  of  spears  left  by  the  rebels  were  found  and  burned  at 
the  state  capital.  Our  band  serenaded  the  inmates  of  the  deaf 
and  dumb  asylum.  Some  made  fun  of  them  for  playing  to 
deaf  people.  Had  a torchlight  procession  on  account  of  Lee’s 
surrender.” 


408 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


April  25th — Tuesday. — We  were  reviewed  to-day  by  Gen- 
erals Grant,  Sherman,  Meade,  Sheridan,  Smith  and  several 
others.  The  Seventeenth  Corps  was  reviewed  yesterday. 

Lieutenant  Janicke  says: 

Johnston  surrendered  to-day  (April  26th).  Officers  and  men  are  full  of  joy. 
The  war  is  at  an  end.  Lieut.  Geo.  Baird  came  into  our  camp,  accompanied  by 
a Confederate  officer,  who  is  on  his  way  home.  Regiment  received  a lot  of  new 
recruits.  Guard  mount,  drilling  and  dress  parade  is  the  order  of  the  day. 
Capt.  L.  R.  Wellman  is  in  command  of  the  regiment.  Capt.  D.  L.  Wellman 
canvassed  through  all  the  officers’  tents  making  inquiry  for  promotions.  First 
Lieut.  Adrian  K.  Norton  will  be  promoted  a captain;  Second  Lieutenant  Jan- 
icke a first  lieutenant.  All  the  officers  will  be  raised  one  step.  [Some  of 
these  promotions  gave  great  dissatisfaction  to  the  faithful  old  non-commissioned 
officers. — Ed]  Capt.  L R.  Wellman,  in  command  of  regiment  on  yesterday’s 
dress  parade,  ordered  the  officers  to  come  after  supper  to  his  tent.  Capt.  D.  L. 
Wellman,  in  the  chair,  addressed  the  meeting:  “Gentlemen,  we  have  come 

together  for  the  purpose  of  talking  the  matter  over  of  buying  our  regimental 
band  new  instruments.  We  will  now  be  stationed  somewhere.”  Lieutenant 
Janicke:  “A  German  cannot  soldier  without  good  music;  I give  fifty  dollars.” 
The  commander  of  the  regiment  made  a short  speech.  He  explained  matters 
with  feeling,  which  had  a good  effect.  Norton,  Chewning  and  Lieberg  made 
favorable  remarks.  All  were  willing  to  give  twenty-five  dollars,  thirty  dollars 
and  fifty  dollars.  Colonel  Tourtellotte  has  offered  one  hundred  dollars.  The 
meeting  passed  the  following:  “ Resolved , That  we  will  buy  our  band  a com- 

plete set  of  new  German-silver  instruments,  and  make  them  a present  of 
them,”  and  then  adjourned.  The  instruments  were  not  purchased  until  the 
regiment  arrived  at  Louisville,  Ky. 

Gen.  J.  E.  Smith,  in  a letter  written  Feb.  15,  1888,  informs 
the  writer  that  he  was  relieved  from  duty  the  twenty-fifth 
of  April  with  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  and  ordered  to  pro- 
ceed to  Memphis  and  to  relieve  Gen.  C.  C.  Washburn  of  the 
command  of  the  District  of  West  Tennessee,  which  he  did,  re- 
taining said  command  until  he  was  mustered  out,  April  30, 1866 ; 
that  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Infantry, 
regular  army,  in  July,  1866. 

General  Grant  having  transferred  his  headquarters  from  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  to  Washington,  D.  C.,  General  Halleck,  who  had 
been  in  Washington  as  chief  of  staff,  had  been  sent  on  the 
twenty-first  of  April  to  Richmond,  to  command  the  armies  ot 
the  Potomac  and  James,  and  Halleck  was  therefore  in  supreme 
command  in  Virginia. 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


409 


Captain  Douglas  was  attached  to  division  headquarters  as 
commander  of  the  Pioneer  Guard.  Mounted  on  a fine  horse,  he 
hewed  out  and  corduroyed  our  pathway  with  his  negro  brigade 
(colored  freedmen)  through  South  Carolina’s  wild  swamps. 

April  26th — Wednesday. — Gen.  J.  E.  Smith’s  Third  Division 
will  be  broken  up,  and  all  of  the  staff  officers  are  ordered  to  re- 
port to  their  respective  commands.  Capt.  D.  L.  Wellman,  who 
has  been  acting  as  division  provost  marshal,  is  relieved,  and  so 
are  all  of  the  others.  There  is  mourning  in  the  Smith  family; 
everyone  is  hanging  his  head.  Lieutenant  Janicke  reported  for 
duty  to  Lieutenant  Norton  of  Company  G.  We  have  about  five 
hundred  and  fifty  men  now  for  duty.  Early  in  the  morning  our 
regiment  was  drawn  up  in  line  of  battle  and  General  Smith, 
with  his  staff  officers  following,  rode  along  our  front  un- 
covered, hat  in  hand,  saying:  “God  bless  you  all!  ” 

April  28th — Friday. — We  are  now  in  the  First  Brigade, 
First  Division,  Fifteenth  Army  Corps.  General  Logan  made 
a speech  last  night  to  a crowd  of  soldiers  of  our  disbanded 
division,  who  went  down  to  his  headquarters  and  gave  him 
three  cheers.  He  told  them  that  some  of  them  would  be 
marching  homeward  in  less  than  forty-eight  hours.  The 
boys  were  wild.  Late  in  the  night  they  were  sending  up 
rockets,  bursting  canteens  and  firing  guns,  contrary  to  all  dis- 
cipline. The  army  is  still  unpaid.  There  is  eight  months’ 
pay  due,  and  everybody  is  strapped  and  badly  in  debt. 

On  April  28th  the  adjutant  general,  United  States  Army, 
issued  General  Orders,  No.  77,  it  being  the  first  general 
order  issued  discharging  soldiers  by  reason  of  the  close  of 
the  war. 

April  29th  — Saturday. — The  war  being  virtually  at  an  end 
and  General  Sherman  being  desirous  of  stopping  the  operations 
of  Wilson’s  cavalry,  which  had  raided  through  Alabama  and  into 
Georgia  as  far  as  Macon,  and  of  providing  them  with  supplies, 
summoned  his  army  and  corps  commanders  together,  at  the 
Governor’s  mansion  in  Raleigh,  on  the  twenty-eighth,  when  he 
explained  everything  to  them  and  completed  his  orders  for  the 
future.  Generals  Schofield,  Terry  and  Kilpatrick  were  to  re- 
main on  duty  in  the  Department  of  North  Carolina,  and  the 


410 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


army  was  to  march  by  easy  stages  to  Richmond  and  there 
await  his  return  from  the  south.  To-day,  taking  a part  of  his 
personal  staff,  he  proceeded  by  rail  to  Wilmington,  N.  C., 
where,  taking  the  little  steamer  Russia,  thqy  proceeded  down 
the  coast  to  Port  Royal  and  the  Savannah  river,  which  they 
reached  May  1st.  General  Sherman  began  his  return  May  2d, 
visiting  Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  reached  Morehead  City  May 
4th,  where  he  met  Chief  Justice  Chase,  who  was  on  a tour  to 
New  Orleans.  General  Sherman  left  for  Fortress  Monroe 
May  7th.  The  general  says: 

I reached  Fortress  Monroe  on  the  eighth,  and  thence  telegraphed  my  arrival 
to  General  Grant,  asking  for  orders.  I found  at  Fortress  Monroe  a dispatch 
from  General  Halleck,  professing  great  friendship  and  inviting  me  to  accept  his 
hospitality  at  Richmond.  I answered  by  a cipher  dispatch,  that  I had  seen  his 
dispatch  to  Mr.  Stanton  of  April  26th,  embraced  in  the  second  bulletin,  which 
I regarded  as  insulting;  declined  his  hospitality,  and  added  that  I preferred  we 
should  not  meet  as  I passed  through  Richmond.  I thence  proceeded  to  City 
Point  in  the  Russia  and  on  to  Manchester,  opposite  Richmond,  via  Petersburg, 
by  rail.  I found  that  both  wings  of  the  army  had  arrived  from  Raleigh  and 
were  in  camp  in  and  around  Manchester,  whence  I again  telegraphed  General 
Grant  on  the  ninth  of  May  for  orders,  and  also  reported  my  arrival  to  General 
Halleck  by  letter.  I found  that  General  Halleck  had  ordered  General  Davis’ 
corps  (the  Fourteenth)  for  review  by  itself  This  I forbade.  All  the  army 
knew  of  the  insult  that  had  been  made  me  by  the  Secretary  of  War  and  Gen- 
eral Halleck,  and  watched  me  closely  to  see  if  I would  tamely  submit. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 


March  from  Raleigh  for  Richmond— To  March  by  “ Easy  Stages  Ten  Miles  a 
Day  and  to  Rest  Over  Sundays,”  but  We  March  Twenty-six— Commanders 
Racing  Their  Troops  to  Death — Most  Damnable  Treatment — Beautiful 
Country — Union  People — “Bress  de  Lord,  We’s  Glad  to  See  Ye!” — Pass 
Iron  Post  and  Enter  “Old  Virginia” — No  Foraging  Whatever — “Geese 
Strut  and  Look  Wise” — Splendid  Discipline  of  Our  Army — March  in  Re- 
view Before  Logan  and  Through  Petersburg  to  Manchester,  Opposite  Rich- 
mond— March  Through  Richmond  for  Washington — Colored  Children 
Bring  Bouquets  of  Flowers  and  Cups  of  Water — Their  “Year  of  Jubilee” 
Has  Come — Pass  Libby  Prison — Cross  Chickahominy,  Pamunky  and  Other 
Rivers — Through  Fredericksburg — Dumfries — Mount  Vernon — With  Un- 
covered Heads  by  the  Tomb  of  Washington — Reach  Alexandria — Dis- 
agreeable Camp — Mud;  No  Wood;  Guards  Around  Camp;  No  Pay;  Short 
Rations;  Army  of  Potomac  Fat  and  Hearty — The  Grand  Review — Our 
Regiment  Leads  Sherman’s  Army — Poem  “The  Last  Review.” 

At  six  o’clock  marched  through  the  city.  Took  the  road 
north.  Marched  twelve  miles  to  the  Neuse  river.  Stopped 
until  the  bridge  was  built.  Crossed  the  river  at  2:00  p.  m. 
Marched  one  mile  and  camped  in  a grove  of  pities.  Hilly 
country.  Good  roads.  The  orders  are  to  march  ten  miles  a 
day  and  to  stay  in  camp  on  Sundays.  We  will  see  how  faith- 
fully these  orders  are  obeyed.  We  are  on  the  Louisburg  road. 

April  30th  — Sunday.  — Remained  in  camp.  Inspection  and 
muster.  Reports  sent  to  brigade  headquarters. 

Monthly  Return  for  April,  1865. — Total  enlisted,  769;  aggregate,  800;  aggre- 
gate last  month,  694;  total  enlisted  men  present  for  duty,  560;  on  extra  and  daily 
duty,  36;  sick,  4;  total  enlisted  present,  600;  commissioned  officers  present  for 
duty,  22;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  2;  total,  24. 

Remarks.  — Distance  marched  during  the  month,  se venty-five  miles.  Received 
133  substitutes  and  drafted  men  during  the  month.  John  Johnson  of  Company 
A,  joined  April  17,  1865,  and  Frank  Alderman,  April  9,  1865.  Samuel  Car- 
rick  of  Company  G,  joined  April  21,  1865,  and  Stephen  Maxon  of  Company  K, 
April  10,  1865.  All  taken  up  on  rolls.  Prisoners.  F.  S.  De  Mers,  special  duty 
as  acting  regimental  quartermaster.  James  C.  Edson,  absent  with  leave  since 
April  1,  1865.  George  M.  D.  Lambert,  absent  with  leave  since  April  28, 
1865.  Charles  H.  Savidge,  absent  with  leave  since  April  5,  1865.  Samuel 
,W.  Russell,  detached  service  acting  assistant  quartermaster  First  Brigade, 


412 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


Third  Divison,  March  28,  1865.  Charles  W.  Douglas,  detailed  service  in  charge 
of  Pioneer  Corps,  Third  Division.  O.  Graham,  absent  with  leave  since  April 
6,  1865.  L.  R Wellman,  special  duty  as  field  officer. 

May  1st  — Monday.  — Reveille  at  2:30  a.  m.  Left  camp  at  five. 
Regiment  rearguard.  Country  rolling.  Water  plentiful.  Plan- 
tations rich  and  well  kept,  and  though  not  so  large  generally  as 
those  in  South  Carolina,  show  better  care.  The  negroes, 
unlike  those  in  South  Carolina,  are  clean,  well  dressed  and  have 
a healthy  appearance.  There  are  but  very  few  cripples  or  de- 
formed ones  among  them.  We  have  seen  more  able-bodied 
white  men  during  to-day’s  march  than  in  all  South  Carolina. 
Hardwood  timber  is  more  plentiful,  crowding  out  the  moun- 
tainous pines.  About  noon  marched  into  the  Halifax  road  and 
crossed  the  Madison  river.  Crossed  Tar  river  over  a high 
wooden  bridge  at  4:00  p.  m.  and  camped  at  sunset  a few  miles 
northeast  of  Louisburg.  Distance  marched,  twenty -four  miles. 

May  2d — Tuesday. — Reveille  at  2:30  a.  m.  Left  camp  at 
4:30  a.m.  Roads  good.  A little  hilly.  Some  rocks.  Water 
plenty.  Small,  clear  streams  of  excellent  water.  Weather  cool 
and  pleasant.  Country  much  the  same  as  yesterday.  Mixed 
pine  and  oak,  latter  predominating.  Saw  some  beautiful  plan- 
tations, well  fenced,  well  cultivated,  and  I think  must  be  very 
productive.  The  citizens  are  a much  better  class  than  those 
in  South  Carolina  or  southern  North  Carolina.  They  are  much 
better  dressed,  more  intelligent  and  more  enterprising.  Their 
dwellings  are  always  neat  and  adorned  with  taste  — often  ele- 
gant— with  splendid  grounds  adjacent.  The  country  is  su- 
perior in  all  respects  to  any  that  I have  seen  since  leaving  west 
Tennessee.  There  are  many  plantations  which  I would  be  con- 
tent to  own  and  reside  upon.  They  have  unmistakably  the 
home  air.  Ladies,  men  and  children  thronged  to  the  road  sides  to 
look  at  us  and  hear  our  bands  play.  Many  of  the  whites  are 
Union  people.  The  negroes  are  all  loyal  and  often  clap  their 
hands  and  shout,  “Bress  de  Lord!  We’s  glad  to  see  ye!”  and 
like  expressions  of  joy.  We  crossed  creeks  and  passing  through 
Shady  Grove  took  the  Gaston  road  where  the  roads  forked 
and  bivouacked,  two  miles  north  on  the  Warrenton  road,  at 
sunset.  Men  very  tired.  Our  corps  and  the  Seventeenth  are 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


413 


running  a race  for  Richmond.  Suppose  we  must  beat  them  if 
it  takes  a foot  otF  every  man.  Saw  plenty  of  apple  orchards. 
Distance  marched,  twenty-six  miles. 

May  3d — Wednesday. — Reveille  at  3:30  a.  m.  Left  camp  at 
4:30  a.  m.  Crossed  Little  Fishing  creek  and  several  smaller 
ones.  Marched  ten  miles  toward  Gaston.  Left  Warrenton  a 
few  miles  to  the  left.  Marched  west.  Crossed  the  Roanoke 
Valley  railroad.  Marched  five  miles  to  the  Fourth  Division. 
Llad  to  wait  for  the  road.  Marched  four  miles  to  Roanoke 
river  and  at  2:00  p.  m.  bivouacked  on  a hill  on  the  bank  of  the 
river.  We  marched  to-day  through  woods,  on  cow-paths,  and 
anyway  to  get  along.  Distance  marched,  twenty-two  miles. 
Pontooneers  laying  a bridge.  Some  delay  on  account  of  too 
few  boats.  The  country  along  the  line  of  to-day’s  march  much 
the  same  as  yesterday  — rolling,  with  rich  plantations,  fine  resi- 
dences and  good  timber. 

May  — Thursday.  — Struck  tents  at  7:00  a.  m.,  and  with 
wagons  loaded  and  horses  saddled,  waited  in  a dusty  field  until 
4:00  p.  m.  before  we  could  cross  the  river.  High  wind.  Clouds 
of  dust.  Everybody  wretched.  At  4:00  P.  M.  crossed  the 
Roanoke,  a fine  stream  two  hundred  and  fifty  yards  in  width, 
and  marched  north  on  the  Lawrenceville  road.  One  mile  and 
a half  from  the  river  we  entered  Virginia,  Old  Virginia!  the 
men  giving  a yell  as  we  crossed  the  line,  indicated  by  two  large 
posts  set  in  the  ground  by  the  roadside.  Marched  thirteen 
miles  and  camped  on  the  headwaters  of  Rattlesnake  creek  at 
1:00  p.  M.  Had  an  opportunity  to  see  the  Weldon  railroad,  by 
which  Lee  received  his  supplies.  Weather  pleasant  and  cool. 
Roads  excellent. 

May  5th  — Friday.  — Reveille  at  three.  Marched  at  5:00  a. 
m.  At  8:00  a.  m.  we  crossed  Meherrin  river  on  a high,  shaky 
wooden  pole  bridge  (Pennington’s  bridge).  Passed  some  clover 
fields  and  some  splendid  houses.  Good  roads.  Red  soil.  En- 
tered Lawrenceville  [population  in  1880,  200 ; county  seat  of 
Brunswick  county]  at  10:00  A.  M.,  colors  flying  and  bauds 
playing.  Found  it  a small,  ancient  village,  not  worth  talking 
about.  Cloudy,  with  some  rain.  From  Lawrenceville,  marched 
eight  miles  on  the  old  plank  road,  turned  to  the  right  (east), 


414 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


taking  the  okl  state  road  leading  through  Moore’s  swamp. 
Camped  at  sunset  within  four  miles  of  Nottaway  river.  Dis- 
tance marched,  twenty-six  miles  (“easy  stages!”). 

Country  hilly,  with  splendid  springs  and  small  streams.  Plan- 
tations large  and  well  kept.  All  have  large  tobacco  drying 
houses  on  them  and  no  cotton  gins,  from  which  it  seems  that 
tobacco  has  been  heretofore  the  principal  production.  The 
fields  are  mostly  in  wheat  uow  and  present  a fine  appearance. 
Since  leaving  Raleigh  our  march  has  been  very  orderly.  No 
man  is  permitted  to  leave  the  ranks  on  any  pretense  during  the 
march,  much  less  to  enter  yards  or  houses.  No  bummers  scour 
or  scourge  the  country.  No  women  are  pleading  for  their  poul- 
try.  No  burning  fences  or  buildings  mark  our  progress.  The 
Avar  here  is  over.  Chickens  and  pigs  run  along  the  lines  in 
perfect  safet}7.  Geese  strut  and  look  wise,  so  close  that  two 
minutes  would  put  them  into  haversacks,  but  no  man  lifts  his 
hand  against  them,  albeit  his  fingers  itch  and  he  looks  with 
longing  eyes.  No  army  in  the  Avorld  can  beat  this  on  disci- 
pline. 

May  6th — Saturday.  — Marched  at  5:00  a.  m.  Crossed  Not- 
taway  river  on  a long  Avooden  bridge  at  9:00  A.  m.  The  river 
is  a fine  stream  with  a rocky  bed.  Fine  water  power.  Broken 
dam  just  above  the  bi’idge.  Marched  five  miles  and  turned 
off  on  the  Oak  Grove  road.  Crossed  Sappony  creek.  Roads  in 
places  very  bad.  Country  more  level.  Camped  at  5:00  p.  m. 
on  Stony  creek.  Distance  marched,  twenty  miles.  Very  hot. 

May  7th— Sunday. — ReAreille  at  three.  Marched  at  7:00  a. 
m.  Regiment  rearguard  of  division.  Roads  for  the  first 
five  miles  very  bad.  Teams  stuck.  Progress  slow.  Marched 
to  the  railroad,  then  north.  Toward  noon  found  better  roads. 
Crossed  a creek.  As  Ave  approached  Ream’s  Station  [population 
1880,  50],  DinAviddie  county,  the  country  began  to  assume  a 
desolate  appearance,  fences  gone,  fields  uncultivated,  houses 
deserted;  everything  betokens  the  scourge  of  Avar.  Reached 
Ream’s  Station  at  1:00  p.  m.  Not  an  inhabitant  left.  Houses 
shattered  and  cut  by  cannon  and  musket  shot.  Not  a living 
thing  in  sight  save  our  moving  column.  Some  of  our  men 
found  the  remains  of  a Union  soldier  who  had  been  burned  to 


1865] 


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death  in  the  woods  near  by.  From  Ream’s  to  Petersburg  the 
country  is  flat  and  has  been  covered  with  small  pines.  It  is 
now  mostly  cleared  and  the  roads  corduroyed.  Leaving  Ream’s 
we  marched  along  the  railroad.  When  four  miles  from  Peters- 
burg we  came  to  the  railroad  at  City  Point  and  the  fortifications 
of  General  Grant’s  army.  Marched  passed  Fort  Wadsworth. 
Marched  two  miles.  Came  to  the  rebel  works.  At  5:00  P.  M. 
we  marched  inside  of  the  inner  line  of  rebel  works  and  camped 
one  mile  from  Petersburg  [population,  1880,  22,000],  Dinwid- 
die  county,  on  a hill.  Country  low  and  sandy.  Weather  hot. 
Distance  marched,  twenty  miles. 

May  8th  — Monday. — Remained  in  camp.  Some  of  us  visited 
the  rebel  fortifications  and  in  the  afternoon  the  city.  Think  it 
a beautiful  place.  It  has  one  street  finer  than  any  that  we  have 
before  seen  in  any  Southern  city.  The  business  streets  are 
splendidly  paved.  The  city  is  on  high  rolling  ground,  on  the 
south  bank  of  the  Appomattox  river.  Stores  and  shops  of  all 
kinds  line  the  streets  and  seemed  to  be  doing  plenty  of  business. 

May  9th — Tuesday. — Broke  camp  at  7:00  a.  m.  Passed  in 
review  before  General  Logan.  Marched  through  the  city, 
ranks  well  closed  up,  colors  flying  and  bands  playing.  The 
people  evinced  much  curiosity  to  see  Sherman’s  men  and 
were  surprised  to  find  them  so  well  disciplined.  They  ex- 
pected to  see  a crowd  of  lawless  cut-throats  that  obeyed  no  orders 
except  “ Fire ! ” “ Charge ! ” etc.  Crossed  the  Appomattox  and 
marched  on  a turnpike  toward  Richmond,  crossing  several 
creeks  that  would  have  been  splendid  streams  had  it  not  been 
for  the  dead  horses  and  mules  in  them  and  bivouacked,  at  2:00 
p.  M.,  on  Proctor’s  creek,  near  Butler’s  first  battle  ground  in 
the  Petersburg  campaign,  and  two  miles  from  Fort  Derling, 
on  the  James  river.  Rain  in  afternoon.  Could  see  the  spires 
of  the  Richmond  churches.  Distance  marched,  twelve  miles. 

May  10th  — Wednesday. — Left  camp  at  7:00  A.  M.  Marched 
through  three  lines  of  rebel  works  and  camped  on  a bluff 
opposite  Richmond,  two  miles  distant,  and  within  a half  mile 
of  Manchester,  a little  town,  county  seat  of  Chesterfield 
county  [population  of  Manchester  in  1880, 5,729],  opposite  Rich- 
mond. It  has  a cotton  factory,  woolen  factory  and  extensive 


416 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


flour  mills.  Houses  in  Manchester  old  and  dilapidated. 
Camped  close  to  town  on  a hill  at  noon.  Have  a good  view  of 
Richmond,  Drury’s  Bluff  and  James  river.  Could  also  see 
Libby  Prison.  Distance  marched,  nine  miles. 

[On  this  day  Jefferson  Davis,  with  his  wife,  sister,  brother, 
and  some  members  of  his  personal  staff,  were  captured  at 
Irwinville,  Ga.,  by  a detachment  of  Federal  cavalry. — Ed.] 

May  12th — Friday. — There  is  no  money  in  the  officers’  messes 
and  they  draw  government  rations.  Lieutenants  Janicke  and 
Dooley  visited  Richmond  and  inspected  the  overshot  water 
wheels  that  drive  the  large  flour  mills  which  are  located  there. 
Lieutenant  Dooley  pointed  out  the  prison  pens,  especially  Belle 
Isle,  where  he  was  confined  in  1861  as  a prisoner,  he  having 
been  a member  of  the  First  Minnesota  Infantry,  wounded  and 
captured  at  Bull  Run.  Maj.  Gen.  0.  0.  Howard  having  been 
assigned  to  duty  as  commissioner  of  the  Freedmen’s  Bureau, 
Maj.  Gen.  John  A.  Logan  this  day  assumed  command  of  the 
Army  of  the  Tennessee. 

May  13tli  — Saturday. — Pontoons  broken  last  night.  No 
crossing  this  morning  until  9:00  a.  m.  Some  of  us  went  into 
the  city  at  that  hour  in  advance  of  the  regiment.  Saw  the  hated 
Libby  Prison  and  set  our  teeth  as  we  rode  round  it.  Looked 
at  the  tunnel  by  which  Colonel  Straight  and  his  companions 
escaped.  Rode  past  Castle  Thunder,  now  used,  as  is  also  the 
Libby,  as  a prison  for  rebels  and  disorderly  United  States  soldiers. 
The  burnt  district  extends  from  Fifth  to  Twentieth  streets, 
between  Main  street  and  the  river,  and  includes  much  of  what 
was  the  business  part  of  the  city.  Visited  the  park,  a beauti- 
ful place,  with  a fountain  and  statuary  and  grand  old  trees. 
The  principal  attraction  in  Richmond,  aside  from  the  prisons 
and  residences  of  General  Lee  and  Jeff.  Davis,  is  Crawford’s 
equestrian  statue  of  Washington  in  the  park.  It  is  of  black 
bronze,  mounted  on  a granite  pedestal  thirty  feet  high,  at  the 
foot  of  which  are  lesser  pedestals  for  six  statues.  Only  three 
of  the  places  are  filled,  Patrick  Henry,  Thomas  Jefferson  and 
George  Mason  occupying  them.  The  figures  are  very  perfect 
and  are  nine  or  ten  feet  in  height.  The  whole  is  approached 
by  a flight  of  circular  steps  extending  on  all  sides.  It  is  the 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


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finest  thing  of  the  kind  we  ever  saw.  General  Lee’s  residence 
is  on  Franklin  street,  between  Seventh  and  Eighth,  a plain 
brick  building  with  a narrow  porch.  Jeff.  Davis’  residence  is 
a modest  building,  surrounded  by  elegant  grounds,  in  the  north- 
east part  of  town.  It  is  occupied  by  General  Halleck  as  head- 
quarters Department  of  the  James.  There  are  several  churches 
in  town,  but  none  of  first-class  architecture.  The  railroad  runs 
up  Broad  street,  which  is  lined  on  both  sides  with  small  shops. 
Trade  seems  very  lively.  [Population  of  Richmond,  Henrico 
county,  1880,  63,803.] 

We  copy  the  following  from  “Appleton’s  American 
Cyclopedia”  of  1883: 

The  city  is  built  on  Richmond  and  Shockoe  hills,  which  are  separated  by 
Shockoe  creek,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  It  is  regularly  laid  out 
and  well  built.  The  streets,  which  are  lighted  with  gas,  cross  each  other  at 
right  angles.  There  is  a line  of  horse- cars.  On  Shockoe  hill  is  the  state  capitol 
and  other  public  buildings.  The  capitol,  in  the  centre  of  a park  of  eight  acres, 
is  a large  and  imposing  edifice,  having  at  one  end  a handsome  portico.  It  con- 
tains in  its  central  hall  Houdon’s  celebrated  statue  of  Washington,  and  near 
by  a marble  bust  of  Lafayette.  On  the  east  of  the  capitol  square  is  the  Gov- 
ernor’s mansion.  On  the  esplanade  leading  from  the  mansion  toward  the  west 
gate  of  the  square  stands  a monument  by  Crawford,  consisting  of  a bronze 
equestrian  statue  of  Washington  rising  from  a pedestal  of  granite  surrounded 
hy  bronze  figures  of  Patrick  Henry,  Thomas  Jelferson,  John  Marshall,  George 
Mason,  Thomas  Nelson  and  Andrew  Lewis.  The  square  also  contains  a marble 
statue  of  Henry  Clay. 

General  Sherman’s  orders  for  the  march  read : 

The  left  wing  will  march  through  Hanover  Courthouse  and  thence  take 
roads  well  to  the  left  by  Chilesburg;  the  Fourteenth  Corps  by  New  Market 
and  Culpepper,  Manassas,  etc. ; the  Twentieth  Corps  by  Spottsylvania  Court- 
house and  Chancellorsville,  the  right  wing  following  the  direct  road  by  Fred- 
ericksburg. 

Broke  camp  at  1:00  P.  M.  and  marched  across  the  James 
river  on  a pontoon  bridge.  Crowds  looking  at  us.  Little 
colored  children  bringing  cups  of  water  to  the  men  and 
bouquets  of  flowers  to  the  oflicers.  Their  “year  of  jubilee” 
has  come.  The  column  passed  Libby  Prison,  Castle  Thunder 
and  the  statehouse,  then  out  of  the  city  and  on  the  road  to 
Washington.  Marched  twelve  miles  and  crossed  the  Chicka- 
27 


418 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


hominy  river.  Only  one  line  of  works,  and  they  amounted  to 
hut  little.  We  then  marched  two  miles  and  camped  on  a hill. 
Good  roads.  Beautiful  country. 

May  lJf-th — Sunday. — Marched  at  6:00  a.  m.  Crossed  the 
railroad  to  the  east  side  and  camped  on  a creek  near  Hanover 
Courthouse  and  within  two  miles  of  the  Pamunky  river,  at 
10:00  a.  m.  Waited  for  the  Seventeenth  Army  Corps  to  get 
out  of  our  way.  Distance  marched,  seven  miles. 

May  15th  — Monday. — Marched  at  7:00  a.  m.  Passed  Han- 
over Courthouse  [population,  1880,  50],  county  seat  of  Hanover 
county,  at  eight  o’clock.  Crossed  Pamunky  river  at  9:00 
a.  m.  on  pontoon  bridge.  River  seventy-five  yards  wide.  Bridge 
much  longer  on  account  of  high  water.  Splendid  country  on 
river  bottoms.  Fine  plantations  along  the  entire  line  of  march. 
Crops  principally  wheat  and  corn.  Saw  no  tobacco  houses. 
Country  hilly,  with  quite  extensive  tablelands.  Saw  no  earth- 
works, no  burned  fences  or  desolated  plantations.  The  grand 
old  army  of  the  Potomac  must  have  used  their  Southern 
brethren  very  kindly.  Crossed  the  Mattapony  river.  Marched 
six  miles  beyond  and  camped  on  a creek  within  seven  miles  of 
Bowling  Green.  Distance  marched,  twenty-three  miles.  Saw 
a great  many  cedars;  the  roads  are  shaded  by  them  much  ot 
the  way,  being  planted  on  an  embankment  like  a hedge.  Good 
water  in  abundance.  We  heard  of  the  capture  of  Jeff.  Davis. 

May  16th — Tuesday. — Reveille  at  2:30  a.  m.  Marched  at 
4:30  A.  M.  Regiment  rearguard  of  division.  Weather  hot. 
Roads  good,  but  dusty.  Passed  through  a very  fine  country. 
Many  of  the  plantations  are  almost  wholly  uncultivated.  After 
marching  six  miles  passed  through  Bowling  Green  [population, 
1880,  600],  county  seat  of  Caroline  county.  Stopped  at  Ville- 
boro.  In  afternoon  passed  over  old  rebel  camping  grounds. 
At  3:00  P.  M.  came  down  into  the  broad  and  beautiful  valley 
of  the  Rappahannock  and  camped  at  4:30  p.  m.,  about  four 
miles  from  Fredericksburg,  county  seat  of  Spottsylvania  county, 
on  a creek.  Weather  hot.  Troops  very  tired.  Distance 
marched,  twenty-five  miles. 

May  17th, — Wednesday. — Left  camp  at  7:00  a.  m.  Marched 
through  Fredericksburg  in  style.  The  city  is  badly  knocked 


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MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


419 


to  pieces,  many  of  the  houses  torn  clown,  and  those  that  are 
standing  are  spoiled  by  cannon  shot.  Former  population  of 
about  eight  thousand  inhabitants,  but  cannot  now  have  more 
than  one  thousand  five  hundred  or  two  thousand.  [Population, 
1880,  5,010.]  Grass  is  growing  in  the  streets.  No  boats  at 
the  long  levee;  desolate;  scarred;  dead.  Earthworks  on  the 
heights  in  rear  of  the  town,  which  Sedgwick  took  two  years 
ago.  A halt  was  ordered  in  front  of  the  stone  wall  and  Colonel 
Tourtellotte  explained  to  the  men  how  our  troops  charged  over 
this  stone  wall,  over  the  crest  and  up  the  hill.  [Marye’s  Hill, 
fought  May  3,  1863.]  All  of  the  brick  buildings  on  the  river 
front  are  unroofed  and  riddled  by  shot.  Crossed  the  Rappa- 
hannock river,  two  hundred  yards  in  width,  on  a pontoon 
bridge,  and  took  the  road  leading  to  Stafford  Courthouse 
[population,  1880,  50],  county  seat  of  Stafford  county, which  we 
passed  in  the  afternoon,  and  marching  two  miles  beyond 
camped  on  Austin’s  Run  at  six  o’clock.  Hot.  Countrj7  hilly, 
Soil  poor.  Little  cultivation.  Thousands  of  acres  devoid  of 
timber  — cut  by  the  armies  for  cantonments  and  fuel.  Saw 
traces  of  the  old  camps  in  various  places.  Roads  poor ; some 
mud  and  plenty  of  old  broken  corduroy.  Distance  marched, 
eighteen  miles.  Nicholas  Baasen  of  Company  G was  missing 
to-day  from  the  regiment.  Could  not  keep  up.  The  muster- 
rolls  state:  “Absent  without  leave  from  May  17th.”  Baasen  was 
mustered  out,  July  14,  1865,  at  Washington,  D.  C.  His 
muster-out  roll  is  on  file  in  adjutant  general’s  office  at  St. 
Paul. 

May  18th — Thursday. — Left  camp  at  4:00  a.  m.  Second 
Division  in  advance.  Passed  the  Second  Division.  Crossed 
Acquia  creek  at  5:00  a.  m.  Crossed  several  creeks,  and  halted 
at  noon  one  and  one-half  hours  on  the  banks  of  a creek,  having 
marched  thirteen  miles.  Camped  at  4:00  p.  m.  on  Occoquan 
river,  a short  distance  above  its  confluence  with  the  Potomac. 
Had  a fine  view  of  a long  reach  of  the  latter  river  from  the 
bluffs  on  which  we  were  camped.  It  would  make  a beautiful 
picture.  Country  much  the  same  as  yesterday,  broken,  with 
few  plantations.  Passed  through  Dumfries,  a small,  ancient, 
straggling  village,  an  hundred  years  old.  The  ancient  houses 


420 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


are  rotting  clown  over  the  heads  of  the  inhabitants.  The  school- 
house  where  General  Washington  went  to  school  when  a boy 
still  stands.  Rain  in  evening.  Distance  marched,  twenty-one 
miles.  [Occoquan,  population,  1880,  500,  Prince  William 
county;  Dumfries,  population  in  1870  was  80,  also  in  same 
county.] 

May  19th — Friday. — Marched  at  4:30  a.  m.  in  the  rain. 
Crossed  Occoquan  river  on  a pontoon.  Very  muddy  roads. 
Forded  a creek.  Water  knee-deep.  Passed  through  Accotiuk 
[population,  1880,  100]  to  the  main  road  to  Alexandria.  Our 
division  made  a detour  of  five  miles  to  visit  Mount  Vernon. 
Marched  three  miles.  Took  the  road  to  Mount  Vernon.  [Pop- 
ulation, 1880,  15.]  Outside  the  inclosure  surrounding  the 
buildings  and  grounds  the  officers  left  their  horses.  The  troops 
marched  through  the  grounds  in  two  ranks,  sentinels  lining 
the  walks  and  drives  around  the  lawn.  As  we  passed  in  at 
the  original  entry  to  the  lawn  a company  of  colored  soldiers 
on  duty  presented  arms.  We  felt  that  the  ground  was  hal- 
lowed. The  house  is  ancient  but  well  preserved.  The  house 
in  which  Washington  lived  and  died  was  before  us.  Venerable 
trees  stood  on  either  side  as  we  wound  around  the  walk  lead- 
ing to  it.  Nearing  the  house  we  turned  down  the  walk  lead- 
ing to  the  river  and  passing  the  garden  entered  the  park,  where, 
shaded  by  grand  old  trees,  stands  the  tomb.  As  we  passed  its 
portals  between  it  and  the  monuments  of  others  of  the  Wash- 
ington family,  no  sound  was  heard  save  the  tramp  of  the  mov- 
ing column,  which  in  the  damp  air  sounded  dull  and  heavy. 
Thetroops  passed  with  arms  shouldered,  the  colors  drooped  and 
officers  uncovered  as  they  passed  the  sacred  spot.  The  tears 
sprang  into  our  eyes.  Could  Washington  have  waked  to  listen 
to  the  steady  tread  of  those  matchless  veterans  he  would  have 
thanked  God  that  the  country  which  delights  to  call  him 
“Father”  stands  so  firm  to-day.  To  us  it  was  sublime — solemn: 
the  soldiers  of  1865  — veterans  after  four  years  of  bloody  war 
and  returning  to  their  homes  — paj'ing  a tribute  of  affection 
and  respect  to  the  dead  hero  of  1776.  We  wanted  to  bring 
away  some  mementos  of  the  place,  but  it  seemed  a sacrilegious 
thing. 


1865] 


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421 


Mount  Vernon  is  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Potomac,  in  Fairfax  county,  nine 
miles  south  by  west  of  Alexandria  and  fifteen  miles  from  Washington  City. 
At  the  time  of  Washington’s  decease  the  estate  comprised  several  thousand 
acres.  The  mansion  is  beautifully  situated,  on  a swelling  height  crowned  with 
trees,  and  commanding  a fine  view  up  and  down  the  Potomac.  The  house  is 
of  wood,  two  stories  high  and  ninety-six  feet  long,  with  a lofty  portico  extend- 
ing along  the  whole  front.  On  the  ground  floor  are  six  rooms,  none  large  ex- 
cept the  dining-room.  The  library  and  Washington’s  bedroom  remain  as  they 
were  at  the  time  of  his  death  and  contain  many  articles  of  great  interest.  In 
front  of  the  house  sloping  to  the  river  is  a lawn  of  five  or  six  acres.  About 
three  hundred  yards  south  of  the  mansion,  on  a hillside,  in  full  view  of  the 
river,  is  the  old  family  vault,  where  the  body  of  Washington  was  first  laid  and 
remained  until  1830,  when  it  was  removed  to  a new  vault  at  no  great  distance 
on  the  edge  of  a deep  wooded  dell.  Mount  Vernon  mansion  was  built  by 
George  Washington’s  elder  brother,  Lawrence,  who  settled  there  in  1743,  and 
named  the  estate  in  honor  of  Admiral  Vernon,  under  whom  he  had  served  in 
the  West  Indies.  George  Washington  added  wings  to  the  mansion  and  greatly 
enlarged  and  embellished  the  estate,  which  was  his  home  from  boyhood  until 
his  death.  He  bequeathed  it  to  Bushrod  Washington,  from  whom  it  passed  to 
his  nephew,  John  A.  Washington.  By  him  the  mansion  and  two  hundred  acres  of 
land  were  sold  in  1858  for  two  hundred  thousand  dollars  to  the  “Ladies  Mount 
Vernon  Association,”  who  design  to  hold  it  in  perpetuity  as  a place  of  public 
resort  and  pilgrimage. — [ American  Cyclopedia .] 

After  leaving  Mount  Vernon  we  marched  about  live  miles 
toward  Alexandria  and  camped  about  four  miles  from  that  city, 
on  Arlington  Heights.  Some  of  us  climbed  a tree  and  could 
see  the  capitol  in  Washington.  We  marched  about  twenty 
miles  to-day.  We  had  a wretched  time  of  it  in  this  camp. 

May  20th  — Saturday.  — Remained  in  camp  all  day  under  or- 
ders to  march  at  a moment’s  notice.  Rain,  rain!  Received 
mail. 

May  21st  — Sunday.  — Reveille  at  2:00  A.  M.  We  marched  at 
4:00  a.  M.  in  rain  and  mud.  Passed  through  the  suburbs  of 
Alexandria.  Passed  several  forts  and  camped  one  and  one-half 
miles  northwest  of  the  city  on  a high  bluff  in  plain  view  of 
Washington.  Rain,  rain,  mud!  No  wood.  Guards  around 
camp,  etc.  Distance  marched,  seven  miles.  Some  of  our  con- 
valescents came  to  camp.  Rev.  Mr.  Savidge  came  to  camp 
with  a supply  of  shirts  and  clothing  and  good  things  to  eat 
from  the  Soldiers  Aid  Society. 

May  22d — Monday.  — Two  years  ago  to-day  wTe  were  assault- 
ing Vicksburg.  Weather  to-day  pleasant.  Colonel  Tourtel- 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


lotte  went  to  Washington.  Inspection  in  the  morning.  Re- 
ceived calls  from  Capt.  T.  P.  Wilson,  Dave  Thorp  and  Surgeon 
Griswold.  Broke  camp  and  moved  close  to  Alexandria  [popu- 
lation in  1880,  13,658],  on  the  open  plain.  Nearly  all  of  our 
officers  go  to  a large  clothing  establishment  and  purchase  new 
uniforms  for  the  grand  review.  Our  men  drew  clothing.  We 
wanted  to  go  on  the  review  in  our  old  clothes. 

From  a letter  written  home  by  an  officer  of  the  regiment, 
May  22,  1865: 

No  pay  since  Aug.  31,  1864.  It  is  an  infernal  shame.  Somebody  is  to 
blame  for  this  great  crime.  It  is  only  an  inconvenience  to  me  — to  others  it  is 
the  occasion  of  bitter  agony.  Many  families  are  suffering  at  home  for  want  of 
money  due  the  men  in  the  field.  The  march  through  from  Raleigh  has  been 
the  most  severe  of  any  of  our  campaigns.  Without  the  slightest  necessity,  with 
no  excuse  save  the  desire  to  be  first  at  Washington  on  the  part  of  army  com- 
manders, the  men  have  been  marched  cruelly  — some  of  them  literally  into 
their  graves.  It  was  done,  too,  on  short  rations,  and,  of  course,  no  foraging 
whatever  was  allowed.  We  are  lying  near  Alexandria,  almost  within  sight  of 
Washington,  and  our  men  are  still  trying  to  live  on  the  same  short  rations  of 
crackers  and  fresh  beef.  The  Army  of  the  Potomac  is  fat  and  hearty  and  have 
drawn  pay  up  to  January  1st,  and  I think  up  to  March  1st.  Do  you  wonder 
that  men  are  indignant?  Shame  on  a government  that  uses  the  best  army  it 
ever  had  in  such  a damnable  manner. 

Under  date  of  May  24th,  George  Sly  says: 

General  Sherman  and  staff  went  to  the  front.  Large  crowds.  Everybody 
tried  to  shake  hands  with  him.  Marched  down  Pennsylvania  avenue  in  col- 
umn by  companies.  Bands  played.  The  buildings  and  sidewalks  lined  with 
people.  Great  many  mottoes,  banners,  etc.  Great  cheering.  Passed  in  review 
before  President  Johnson  and  several  generals.  Marched  out  of  the  city  five 
miles  to  Piney  Branch  Run  and  camped  near  Crystal  Spring  in  an  old  field. 
While  here  the  men  were  allowed  to  visit  the  city.  [Population,  1880,  147, - 
307.]  I visited  the  capitol,  Smithsonian  Institute,  Patent  Office,  etc. 

We  are  still  in  the  First  Brigade,  First  Division,  Fifteenth 
Corps.  Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.  Wra.  B.  Woods  commands  the 
brigade  and  Bvt.  Maj.  Gen.  C.  R.  Woods  the  division.  Dis- 
tance marched  during  campaign  about  three  hundred  and  fifty 
miles. 

We  quote  Lieutenant  Janicke: 

The  Fourth  Minnesota  will  head!  the  column!  “ Fall  in!  Fall  in  !”  cried  the 
first  sergeants,  and  the  regiment  moved  in  front  of  the  national  capitol  on 
Pennsylvania  avenue,  Company  G immediately  opposite  the  main  entrance. 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


423 


The  column  forms  by  company,  closed  in  mass.  At  precisely  nine  o’clock  Ad- 
jutant General  Townsend  fired  a cannon  as  the  signal  agreed  upon  to  march. 
The  order  followed  like  a lightning  flash  — “Shoulder  arms!  Forward!  March!” 
Regimental  bands  are  consolidated  into  brigade  bands.  The  band  at  once  struck 
up  a beautiful  march,  the  column  moved  with  martial  music  like  one  footfal  1 — 
Rap!  rap!  rap!  down  Pennsylvania  avenue.  The  pavements  are  lined  with 
spectators;  every  tree  on  the  avenue  is  loaded  down  with  boys  as  thick  as 
locusts;  the  windows  are  crowded  with  ladies;  the  roofs  of  houses  are  jammed 
full  of  people.  Everybody  is  looking  on  with  astonishment  and  with  awe  as 
the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  formed  into  a monster  column,  closed  in  mass,  full 
company  front,  moves  down  the  avenue.  The  earth  shakes  under  our  feet  as 
we  march  to  the  music  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota,  now  the  brigade  band,  which 
sounds  forth,  accompanied  by  a large  drum  corps,  harmonious,  strong,  martial 
music.  The  air  is  bristling  with  bayonets.  Over  the  portico  to  the  main  en- 
trance of  the  capitol  is  a transparency  with  the  inscription:  “ The  Public  Schools 
of  Washington  Welcome  the  Heroes  of  the  Republic.  Honor  to  the  Brave!  ” 
In  the  next  block,  on  the  left  side,  is  flying  a long  streamer  from  the  Treasury 
building,  bearing  the  inscription:  “The  Only  National  Debt  We  Never  Can 

Pay  is  theDebt  We  Owe  to  the  Victorious  Union  Soldiers!  ” Approaching  the 
White  House  mounted  officers  only  salute.  On  a huge  stand  is  the  Presi- 
dent with  his  cabinet.  General  Sherman  dismounts  from  his  horse  and  walks 
up  on  the  President’s  viewing  stand.  The  band  wheels  under  it,  playing,  as 
the  brigade  marches  by.  Companies  wheel,  after  they  have  passed  the  view- 
ing stand,  to  the  right,  in street,  without  command.  Company  G 

made  a splendid  wheel,  followed  by  Captain  Isaac’s  company.  The  regiment 

passed  the  viewing  stand  in street.  Our  commander  shouted  at  the  top 

of  his  voice:  “Right  Shoulder  Shift  — Arms!  Double-quick — March!”  Rap, 
rap!  Rap,  rap!  Rap,  rap! 

As  we  march  down  Pennsylvania  avenue  our  chieftain  is  loaded  down  with 
green  garlands  by  ladies  of  Washington.  A young  lady  came  running,  pre- 
senting Sergeant  Clark  of  Company  G (who  was  a file  closer)  with  a handsome 
garland,  saying,  “This  is  from  Mrs.  General  Augur.”  General  Augur  was 
then  in  command  of  Washington  City. 

General  Sherman  says  of  the  grand  review  : 

On  the  nineteenth  I received  a copy  of  War  Department  Special  Orders,  No. 
239,  adjutant  general’s  office,  of  May  18th,  ordering  a grand  review,  by 
the  President  and  cabinet,  of  all  the  armies  then  near  Washington:  General 
Meade’s  to  occur  on  Tuesday,  May  23d;  mine  on  Wednesday  the  twenty- 
fourth,  and  on  the  twentieth  I made  the  necessary  orders  for  my  part.  Mean- 
time I had  also  arranged  (with  General  Grant’s  approval)  to  remove,  after 
the  review,  my  armies  from  the  south  side  of  the  Potomac  ro  the  north;  both 
for  convenience  and  because  my  men  had  found  that  the  grounds  assigned  to 
them  had  been  used  so  long  for  camps  that  they  were  foul  and  unfit. 

By  invitation  I was  on  the  reviewing  stand  and  witnessed  the  review  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  (on  the  twenty-third),  commanded  by  General  Meade  in 
person.  The  day  was  beautiful  and  the  pageant  was  superb.  Washington  was 


424 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


full  ol'  strangers,  who  filled  the  streets  in  holiday  dress,  and  every  house  was 
decorated  with  flags.  The  army  marched  by  divisions  in  close  column  around 
the  capitol,  down  Pennsylvania  avenue,  past  the  President  and  cabinet,  who 
occupied  a large  stand  prepared  for  the  occasion,  directly  in  front  of  the  White 
House.  I telegraphed  to  Lancaster  for  Mrs.  Sherman,  who  arrived  that  day, 
accompanied  by  her  father,  the  Hon.  Thomas  Ewing,  and  my  son  Tom,  then 
eight  years  old. 

During  the  afternoon  and  night  of  the  twenty-third,  the  Fifteenth,  Seven- 
teenth and  Twentieth  Corps  crossed  Long  bridge,  bivouacked  in  the  streets  about 
the  capitol,  and  the  Fourteenth  Corps  closed  up  to  the  bridge.  The  morning 
of  the  twenty-fourth  was  extremely  beautiful,  and  the  ground  was  in  splendid 
order  for  our  review.  The  streets  were  filled  with  people  to  see  the  pageant, 
armed  with  bouquets  of  flowers  for  their  favorite  regiments  or  heroes,  and  every- 
thing was  propitious.  Punctually  at  9:00  A.  M.  the  signal  gun  was  fired, 
when  in  person,  attended  by  General  Howard  and  all  my  staff,  I rode  slowly 
down  Pennsylvania  avenue,  the  crowds  of  men,  women  and  children  densely 
lining  the  sidewalks  and  almost  obstructing  the  way.  We  were  followed  close 
by  General  Logan  and  the  head  of  the  Fifteenth  Corps.  When  I reached  the 
Treasury  building  and  looked  back  the  sight  was  simply  magnificent.  The 
column  was  compact,  and  the  glittering  muskets  looked  like  a solid  mass  of 
steel,  moving  with  the  regularity  of  a pendulum.  We  passed  the  Treasury 
building,  in  front  of  which  and  the  White  House  was  an  immense  throng  of 
people,  for  whom  extensive  stands  had  been  prepared  on  both  sides  of  the  ave- 
nue. As  I neared  the  brick  house  opposite  the  lower  corner  of  Lafayette 
Square  some  one  asked  me  to  notice  Mr.  Seward,  who,  still  feeble  and  band- 
aged for  his  wounds,  had  been  removed  there  that  he  might  behold  the  troops. 
I moved  in  that  direction  and  took  off  my  hat  to  Mr.  Seward,  who  sat  at  an  up- 
per window.  He  recognized  the  salute,  returned  it,  and  then  we  rode  on  stead- 
ily past  the  President,  saluting  with  our  swords.  All  on  his  stand  arose  and 
acknowledged  the  salute.  Then,  turning  into  the  gate  of  the  presidential 
grounds,  we  left  our  horses  with  orderlies  and  went  upon  the  stand,  where  I 
found  Mrs.  Sherman,  with  her  father  and  son.  Passing  them  I shook  hands 
with  the  President,  General  Grant,  and  each  member  of  the  cabinet.  As  I ap- 
proached Mr.  Stanton  he  offered  me  his  hand,  but  I declined  it  publicly,  and 
the  fact  was  universally  noticed.  I then  took  my  post  on  the  left  of  the  Presi- 
dent and  for  six  hours  and  a half  stood,  while  the  army  passed  in  the  order  of 
the  Fifteenth,  Seventeenth,  Twentieth  and  Fourteenth  Corps.  It  was  in  my 
judgment  the  most  magnificent  army  in  existence — sixty-five  thousand  men, 
in  splendid  physique,  who  had  just  completed  a march  of  nearly  two  thousand 
miles  in  a hostile  country,  in  good  drill,  and  who  realized  that  they  were  be- 
ing closely  scrutinized  by  thousands  of  their  fellow  countrymen  and  by  for- 
eigners. Division  after  division  passed,  each  commander  of  an  army  corps  or 
division  coming  on  the  stand  during  the  passage  of  his  command,  to  be  pre- 
sented to  the  President,  cabinet  and  spectators.  The  steadiness  and  firmness 
of  the  tread,  the  careful  dress  of  the  guides,  the  uniform  intervals  between  the 
companies,  all  eyes  directly  to  the  front,  and  the  tattered  and  bullet-riven 
flags  festooned  with  flowers,  all  attracted  universal  notice.  Many  good  peo- 
ple up  to  that  time  had  looked  upon  our  Western  army  as  a sort  of  mob,  but  the 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


425 


world  then  saw  and  recognized  the  fact,  that  it  was  an  army  in  the  proper 
sense,  well  organized,  well  commanded  and  disciplined,  and  there  was  no 
wonder  that  it  had  swept  through  the  South  like  a tornado.  For  six  hours  and 
a half  that  strong  tread  of  the  Army  of  the  West  resounded  along  Pennsylvania 
avenue.  Not  a soul  of  that  vast  crowd  of  spectators  left  his  place,  and  when 
the  rear  of  the  column  had  passed  by  thousands  of  the  spectators  still  lingered 
to  express  their  sense  of  confidence  in  the  strength  of  a government  which  could 
claim  such  an  army.  Some  little  scenes  enlivened  the  day  and  called  for  the 
laughter  and  cheers  of  the  crowd.  Each  division  was  followed  by  six  ambu- 
lances, as  a representative  of  its  baggage  train.  Some  of  the  division  com- 
manders had  added,  by  way  of  variety,  goats,  milch-cow  and  pack-mules, 
whose  loads  consisted  of  game-cocks,  poultry,  hams,  etc.,  and  some  of  them  had 
the  families  of  freed  slaves  aloDg,  with  the  women  leading  their  children.  Each 
division  was  preceded  by  its  corps  of  black  pioneers,  armed  with  picks  and 
spades.  These  marched  abreast,  in  double  ranks,  keeping  perfect  dress  and 
step,  and  added  much  to  the  interest  of  the  occasion.  On  the  whole,  the  grand 
review  was  a splendid  success,  and  was  a fitting  conclusion  to  the  campaign 
and  the  war. 


THE  LAST  REVIEW. 

And  I saw  a phantom  army  come 
With  nevera  sound  of  fife  or  drum, 

But  keeping  time  to  a throbbing  hum 
Of  wailing  and  lamentation  ; 

The  martyred  heroes  of  Malvern  Hill, 

Of  Gettysburg  and  Chaneellorsville, 

The  men  whose  wasted  figures  fill 
The  patriot  graves  of  the  nation. 

And  there  came  the  nameless  dead  — the  men 
Who  perished  in  fever-swamp  and  fen, 

The  slowly-starved  of  prison  pen; 

And  marching  beside  the  others 
Came  the  dusky  martyrs  of  Pillow’s  fight, 

With  limbs  enfranchised  and  bearing  bright; 

I thought  — perhaps  ’twas  the  pale  moonlight  — 
They  looked  as  white  as  their  brothers. 

And  so  all  night  marched  the  nation’s  dead, 
With  never  a banner  above  them  spread, 

Nor  a badge,  nor  a motto  brandished  ; 

No  mark  — save  the  bare,  uncovered  head 
Of  the  silent  bronze  Reviewer. 

With  never  an  arch  save  the  vaulted  sky, 

With  never  a flower  save  those  that  lie 
On  the  distant  graves  — for  love  could  buy 
No  gift  that  was  purer  nor  truer. 

So  all  night  long  swept  the  strange  array, 

So  all  night  long,  till  the  morning  gray, 

I watched  for  one  who  had  passed  away, 

With  a reverent  awe  and  wonder, 

Till  a blue  cap  waved  in  the  lengthening  line, 
And  I knew  that  one  who  was  kin  of  mine 
Had  come;  and  I spake  — and  lo!  that  Bign 
Awakened  me  from  my  slumber! 


— Bret  Harie. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 


Leaving  Washington  for  Louisville — Orders  of  Sherman  and  Grant  to  the 
Army;  “The  Time  has  Come  for  Us  to  Part” — Embark  at  Parkersburg — 
At  Louisville — Rusty  Pork  for  Rations — No  Pay — Ordered  to  Drill  Four 
Hours  a Day — The  “Home  Guards”  Kick — A Mutiny  in  the  Regiment — 
Eighteen  Heroes  Sent  to  the  Guardhouse — “God  Bless  Them!  They  Did 
Just  Right” — The  Dove  of  Peace  Hovers  Over  Us;  the  Mutiny  Only  an  Error 
and  a Fault — Logan’s  Farewell  Address — Honorary  Commissions — Muster 
for  Discharge  Out  of  the  Service — Leave  Louisville  for  Minnesota — Are 
Guests  at  Milwaukee  of  Eighteenth  Wisconsin — Arrival  at  St.  Paul — Sign 
Pay  Rolls  and  Receive  Final  Discharge. 

May  31st — Wednesday. — Marched  into  the  city.  Got  on  the 
cars.  Started  at  eight  o’clock.  Went  to  Relay  House,  Md. 
Took  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad  and  went  to  Harper’s 
Ferry. 

Monthly  Returns  for  3Iay,  1865. — Enlisted  men  present  for  duty,  583;  on  ex- 
tra and  daily  duty,  35;  sick,  10;  total  enlisted  men,  628.  Commissioned  offi- 
cers for  duty,  24;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  1;  total  present,  25. 

Remarks. — Samuel  W.  Russell,  on  detached  service  acting  assistant  quarter- 
master Second  Brigade,  Fourth  Division,  since  March  29,  1865.  Frank  De 
Mers,  acting  regimental  quartermaster  since  March  29,  1865.  Eleven  recruits 
were  received  May  21,  1865,  and  assigned  to  Company  K. 

Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi, 

In  the  Field,  Washington,  D.  C.,  May  30,  1865. 
Special  Field  Orders,  No.  76: 

The  general  commanding  announces  to  the  armies  of  the  Tennessee  and 
Georgia  that  the  time  has  come  for  us  to  part.  Our  work  is  done  and  armed 
enemies  no  longer  defy  us.  Some  of  you  will  go  to  your  homes  and  others  will 
be  retained  in  military  service  till  further  orders.  And  now  that  we  are  all 
about  to  separate,  to  mingle  with  the  civil  world,  it  becomes  a pleasing  duty 
to  recall  to  mind  the  situation  of  national  affairs  when,  but  little  more  than  a 
year  ago,  we  were  gathered  about  the  cliffs  of  Lookout  Mountain  and  all  the 
future  was  wrapped  in  doubt  and  uncertainty.  Three  armies  had  come  together 
from  distant  fields,  with  separate  histories,  yet  bound  by  one  common  cause  — 
the  union  of  our  country  and  the  perpetuation  of  the  government  of  our  in- 
heritance. There  is  no  need  to  recall  to  your  memories  Tunnel  Hill,  with 
Rocky  Face  Mountain  and  Buzzard  Roost  Gap  and  the  ugly  forts  of  Dalton 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


427 


behind.  We  were  in  earnest,  and  paused  not  for  danger  and  difficulty,  but 
dashed  through  Snake  Creek  Gap  and  fell  on  Resaca;  then  on  to  the  Etowah,  to 
Dallas,  Kenesaw,  and  the  heats  of  summer  found  us  on  the  banks  of  the  Chatta- 
hoochie,  far  from  home  and  dependent  on  a single  road  for  supplies.  Again  we 
were  not  to  be  held  back  by  any  obstacle  and  crossed  over  and  fought  four  hard 
battles  for  the  possession  of  the  citadel  of  Atlanta.  That  was  the  crisis  of  our 
history.  A doubt  still  clouded  our  future,  but  we  solved  the  problem,  de- 
stroyed Atlanta,  struck  boldly  across  the  State  of  Georgia,  severed  all  the  main 
arteries  of  life  to  our  enemy,  and  Christmas  found  us  at  Savannah.  Waiting 
there  only  long  enough  to  fill  our  wagons  we  again  began  a march  which,  for 
peril,  labor  and  results  will  compare  with  any  ever  made  by  an  organized 
army.  The  floods  of  the  Savannah,  the  swamps  of  the  Cambahee  and  Edisto, 
the  “ high  hills  ” and  rocks  of  the  Santee,  the  flat  quagmires  of  the  Pedee  and 
Cape  Fear  rivers,  were  all  passed  in  midwinter,  with  its  floods  and  rains,  in  the 
face  of  an  accumulating  enemy;  and  after  the  battles  of  Averysboro  and  Bentons- 
ville,  we  once  more  came  out  of  the  wilderness  to  meet  our  friends  at  Goldsboro. 
Even  then  we  paused  only  long  enough  to  get  new  clothing,  to  reload  our  wag- 
ons — again  pushed  on  to  Raleigh  and  beyond,  until  we  met  our  enemy  suing  for 
peace  instead  of  war,  and  offering  to  submit  to  the  injured  laws  of  his  and  our 
country.  As  long  as  that  enemy  was  defiant  nor  mountains  nor  rivers  nor 
swamps  nor  huDger  nor  cold  had  checked  us;  but  when  he  who  had  fought 
us  hard  and  persistently  offered  submission,  your  general  thought  it  wrong  to 
pursue  him  further,  and  negotiations  followed,  which  resulted,  as  you  all  know, 
in  his  surrender. 

How  far  the  operations  of  this  army  contributed  to  the  final  overthrow  of  the 
Confederacy  and  the  peace  which  now  dawns  upon  us  must  be  judged  by  others, 
not  by  us;  but  that  you  have  done  all  that  men  could  do  has  been  admitted  by 
those  in  authority,  and  we  have  a right  to  join  in  the  universal  joy  that  fills 
our  land  because  the  war  is  over  and  our  government  stands  vindicated  before 
the  world  by  the  joint  action  of  the  volunteer  armies  and  navy  of  the  United 
States. 

To  such  as  remain  in  the  service  your  general  need  only  remind  you  that 
success  in  the  past  was  due  to  hard  work  and  discipline,  and  that  the  same  work 
and  discipline  are  equally  important  in  the  future.  To  such  as  go  home  he  will 
only  say  that  our  favored  country  is  so  grand,  so  extensive,  so  diversified  in 
climate,  soil  and  productions  that  every  man  may  find  a home  and  occupation 
suited  to  his  taste.  None  should  yield  to  the  natural  impatience  sure  to  result 
from  our  past  life  of  excitement  and  adventure.  You  will  be  invited  to  seek 
new  adventures  abroad;  do  not  yield  to  the  temptation  for  it  will  lead  only  to 
death  and  disappointment. 

Your  general  now  bids  you  farewell,  with  the  full  belief  that  as  in  war  you 
have  been  good  soldiers  so  in  peace  you  will  make  good  citizens;  and  if,  un- 
fortunately, new  war  should  arise  in  our  country,  “Sherman’s  army  ” will  be 
the  first  to  buckle  on  its  old  armor  and  come  forth  to  defend  and  maintain  the 
government  of  our  inheritance. 

By  order  of  Maj.  Gen.  W.  T.  Sherman. 

L.  M.  Dayton, 
Assistant  Adjutant  General. 


428 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


On  June  2d  following,  Lieutenant  General  Grant  published 
the  following  address: 


Soldiers  of  the  Armies  of  the  United  States:  By  your  patriotic 
devotion  to  your  country  in  the  hour  of  danger  and  alarm,  your  magnificent 
fighting,  bravery  and  endurance,  you  have  maintained  the  supremacy  of  the 
Union  and  the  constitution,  overthrown  all  armed  opposition  to  the  enforce- 
ment of  the  laws  and  of  the  proclamations  forever  abolishing  slavery  — the 
cause  and  pretext  of  the  rebellion  — and  opened  the  way  to  the  rightful 
authorities  to  restore  order  and  inaugurate  peace  on  a permanent  and  enduring 
basis  on  every  foot  of  American  soil.  Your  marches,  sieges  and  battles,  in  dis- 
tance, duration,  resolution  and  brilliancy  of  results,  dim  the  luster  of  the 
world’s  past  military  achievements,  and  will  be  the  patriots’  precedent  in  de- 
fense of  liberty  and  right  in  all  time  to  come.  In  obedience  to  your  country’s 
call  you  left  your  homes  and  families  and  volunteered  in  its  defense.  Victory 
has  crowned  your  valor  and  secured  the  purpose  of  your  patriotic  hearts,  and 
with  the  gratitude  of  your  countrymen  and  the  highest  honors  a great  and  free 
nation  can  accord  you  will  soon  be  permitted  to  return  to  your  homes  and 
families,  conscious  of  having  discharged  the  highest  duties  of  American  citi- 
zens. To  achieve  these  glorious  triumphs  and  secure  to  yourselves,  your  fellow- 
countrymen  and  posterity  the  blessings  of  free  institutions,  tens  of  thousands 
of  your  gallant  comrades  have  fallen  and  sealed  the  priceless  legacy  with  their 
blood.  The  graves  of  these  a grateful  nation  bedews  with  tears,  honors  aDd 
memories,  and  will  ever  cherish  and  support  their  stricken  families. 

U,  S.  Grant, 
Lieutenant  General. 


Jane  1st — Thursday.  — Arrived  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  at  day- 
light. Went  through  several  tunnels.  Crossed  the  Alleghany 
mountains.  Arrived  at  Grafton  at  four  o’clock.  Took  the 
Parkersburg  Railroad. 

June  3d — Friday.  — Arrived  at  Parkersburg  at  seven  o’clock. 
Marched  down  to  the  levee.  Embarked  on  the  steamboat 
Champion  at  nine  o’clock.  Left  at  four  o’clock  and  went  down 
the  Ohio  river. 

Jane  3d — Saturday.  — Fog  in  the  morning.  Boat  ran  into 
the  bank  near  some  rocks.  Passed  Portsmouth,  Ohio,  about 
eleven  o’clock.  Passed  Cassville  at  four.  Arrived  at  Cincinnati 
at  10:00  o’clock  p.  m. 

June  lf.th  — Sunday.  — Fog  in  the  morning.  Arrived  at  Madi- 
son, Ind.,  at  ten.  Arrived  at  Louisville,  Ivy.,  at  one.  Disem- 
barked. Marched  three  miles  to  the  east  side  of  the  city. 
Camped  near  the  Ohio  river  on  a side  hill. 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


429 


We  quote  from  the  St.  Paul  Press  of  June  6,  1865,  as  fol- 
lows : 

Promotions  in  the  Fourth  Regiment:  Capt.  L.  R.  Wellman,  to  be  major;  First 
Lieut.  C.  C.  Hunt,  to  be  captain  Company  G;  W.  W.  Rich,  captain  Company  H; 
A.  K.  Norton,  captain  Company  F;  C.  H.  Stinchfield,  captain  Company  E;  W.  H. 
Dooley,  first  lieutenant  Company  B;  J.  G.  Janicke,  first  lieutenant  Company 
A;  J.  M.  Douglas,  first  lieutenant  Company  E;  R.  J.  Chewning,  first  lieutenant 
Company  F;  J.  F.  Dilley,  first  lieutenant  Company  G;  F.  S.  De  Mers,  first 
lieutenant  and  adjutant;  T.  M.  Young,  second  lieutenant  Company  A;  D.  W. 
Phillips,  second  lieutenant  Company  C;  P.  Jerome,  second  lieutenant  Company 
F;  George  Hansen,  second  lieutenant  Company  G;  M.  R.  Lyle,  second  lieutenant 
Company  K;  Daniel  S.  Tasker,  second  lieutenant  Company  E;  Knud  Helling, 
second  lieutenant  Company  H. 

Some  of  these  officers  who  received  commissions  did  uot 
muster  in,  because  to  have  done  so  they  would  have  lost  their 
bounty  money. 

June  l^tli  — Monday.  — We  lose  over  two  hundred  men  to- 
day who  are  being  mustered  out  under  recent  orders  from  the 
War  Department. 

A Mutiny  in  the  Regiment. 

June  14-th — Wednesday. — Orders  were  issued  for  the  regi- 
ment to  drill  four  hours  a day.  A part  of  the  regiment  re- 
fused to  fall  in  and  the  drilling  ceased.  It  will  be  seen  by  the 
official  record  which  follows  that  the  “home  guards”  were  not 
all  dead,  and  that  a long  course  of  impositions  practiced  upon 
heroes  like  these  would  tell  in  the  end.  The  war  had  ended 
and  the  men  of  our  regiment  knew  it.  They  also  knew  that 
they  were  entitled  to  their  discharges  from  the  army,  but  they 
were  retained,  and  the  object  of  their  retention  was  said  to 
he  for  the  purpose  of  sending  them  to  Mexico  to  drive  out  the 
French  army  and  terminate  the  kingdom  of  “Mister”  Maxi- 
milian. They  had  not  been  paid  for  nine  months.  The 
weather  was  broiling  hot.  They  were  being  fed  on  old,  rusty 
army  mess-pork  and  stale  army  rations.  Our  men  threw  the 
hog-feed  into  the  Ohio  river.  Smarting  under  their  unjust 
treatment,  they  concluded  that  it  wTas  about  time  for  abuse  and 
impositions  to  cease.  The  order  was  undoubtedly  intended  for 
the  best  interests  of  the  men,  to  keep  them  employed  and  in 


430 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


camp.  But  our  boys  were  cross  and  did  not  look  upon 
it  in  that  light.  The}7  were  not  pleased  at  the  manner  in 
which  promotions  had  just  been  made.  All  of  the  officers  in 
the  regiment  knew  of  the  feeling  that  existed,  and  it  was 
testing  human  nature  a good  deal  to  issue  such  an  order. 
Eighteen  non-commissioned  officers  declined  to  parade  their 
companies  for  drill  and  about  fifty  men  refused  to  take  their 
arms.  This  was  mutiny,  the  penalty  for  which  was  death,  or 
such  other  punishment  as  might  be  inflicted  by  the  sentence 
of  a court  martial.  The  non-commissioned  officers  were 
marched  off  to  the  guardhouse  and  kept  thereuntil  they  apolo- 
gized. Tourtellotte  was  present,  though  still  confined  to  his 
tent  by  the  injuries  received  at  Washington,  and  many  of  the 
men  blamed  him  as  much  as  they  did  Edson,  because  they 
thought  he  was  still  aiding  to  run  the  machine,  although  not  in 
command. 

It  is  our  opinion  that  these  heroes  did  just  right,  precisely 
right,  and  they  should  be  commended  for  their  noble  and 
heroic  conduct,  and  we  believe  that  they  will  be  by  all  whose 
commendation  is  worth  having.  Impositions  similar  to  those 
mentioned  in  this  volume  were  undoubtedly  practiced  upon  the 
enlisted  men  in  other  regiments  from  this  state,  but  we  think 
that  the  honor  of  resisting  by  open  rebellion  belongs  exclusively 
to  our  boys,  and  we  know  that  they  are  not  ashamed,  but  are 
proud  of  it,  and  they  look  back  to  that  day  with  as  much 
pride  and  pleasure  as  they  do  to  any  other  one  spent  in  the 
service  of  their  country.  They  were  patriots,  every  one  of 
them,  in  the  broadest  sense  of  the  word,  and  the  State  of  Min- 
nesota ought  to  erect  a monument  to  their  memories. 

The  reader  will  please  notice  that  the  mutiny  is  called  an 
error  and  fault. 

Some  of  those  in  the  guardhouse  having  expressed  a desire 
to  be  released,  this  apology  was  written  at  regimental  head- 
cpiarters  and  sent  to  the  non-commissioned  officers  to  sign. 
They  signed  it  and  were  released. 

Neab  Louisville,  Ky.,  June  16,  1865. 

We,  the  undersigned  non-commissioned  officers  of  the  Fourth  Regiment, 
Minnesota  Infantry  Volunteer  Veterans,  deeply  regretting  our  hasty  and  un- 
soldierly  conduct  of  the  fourteenth  instant,  in  joining  in  and  inciting  mutinous 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


431 


conduct  in  our  several  companies,  desire  to  publicly  acknowledge  our  fault,  and 
offer  to  our  several  company  commanders  and  the  commanding  officer  of  the 
regiment  this  apology  for  our  error.  We  do  respectfully  ask  that  we  may  be 
permitted  to  return  to  duty  in  our  several  positions,  and  that  the  severe 
(though  just)  punishment  which  should  follow  so  grave  a breach  of  discipline 
be  averted  from  us,  promising  faithfully  to  neglect  in  future  no  duties  which 
as  soldiers  we  have  sworn  to  perform,  to  promptly  and  cheerfully  obey  all  or- 
ders of  our  superior  officers.  Should  this  our  request  be  granted  we  desire  to 
assure  our  commanding  officer  that  he  shall  never  have  occasion  to  regret  his 
clemency,  and  in  future  the  honor  and  reputation  of  the  regiment  shall,  as  in 
the  days  when  its  record  was  unsullied  by  a single  stain  of  dishonor,  be  our 
first  object  of  care  and  solicitude. 

D.  W.  Phillips,  First  Sergeant  of  Company  C. 

T.  H.  Reeves,  Sergeant  of  Company  C. 

Geobge  W.  Keeler,  Corporal  of  Company  C. 

E.  D.  McGillis,  Corporal  of  Company  C. 

Oscar  Tiffany,  Sergeant  of  Company  E. 

George  W.  Thomas,  Sergeant  of  Company  E. 

J.  A.  Towne,  Corporal  of  Company  E. 

William  Bradley,  Corporal  of  Company  E. 

Benjamin  Siers,  Corporal  of  Company  E. 

George  Hansen,  First  Sergeant  of  Company  G. 

Allen  W.  Clark.  Sergeant  of  Company  G. 

Gustus  Grepe,  Sergeant  of  Company  G. 

Joseph  (his  X mark)  Reeder,  Corporal  of  Company  G. 

William  Hansen,  Sergeant  of  Company  F. 

John  D.  Hockstrasser,  Sergeant  of  Company  F. 

George  C.  Snyder,  Sergeant  of  Company  F. 

Phineas  R.  Taylor,  Corporal  of  Company  F. 

Francis  E.  Drake,  Corporal  of  Company  F. 

Headquarters  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry  Veteran  Volunteers. 

Near  Louisville,  Ky.,  June  16,  1865. 

General  Orders,  No.  12: 

The  following  communication  is  published  for  the  information  of  the  regi- 
ment, viz.:  “Near  Louisville,  June  16,  1865. — We  the  undersigned,  etc. 

{Signatures.)"  In  view  of  the  excellent  character  for  efficiency  and  prompt 
obedience  to  orders  previously  borne  by  the  above  non-commissioned  officers, 
and  in  view  of  their  pledges  of  future  good  conduct  they  are  hereby  relieved 
from  arrest  and  restored  to  duty.  The  lieutenant  colonel  commanding  takes 
this  occasion  to  remind  all,  that  as  long  as  the  organization  remains  in  service 
so  long  all  their  obligations  to  the  government  for  whose  safety  they  have  toiled 
are  as  binding  as  when  they  entered  service.  Let  no  dissensions  arise  that  may 
lead  to  deeds  which  shall  soil  the  glorious  record  of  which  we  are  all  justly 
proud.  Let  no  hasty  or  dishonorable  act  bring  sorrow  to  those  at  home  who 
have  looked  confidently  to  us  to  maintain  the  honor  of  the  North  Star  State, 
wherever  our  flags  have  been  unfurled. 

By  order  of  Lieut.  Col.  James  C.  Edson,  commanding  regiment. 

W.  W.  Rich, 
Adjutant. 

While  at  this  camp  the  regiment  sent  Capt.  L.  R.  Wellman 
of  Company  F,  at  that  time  acting  as  major  (he  mustered  in 


432 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


soon  after),  with  some  of  the  hand  to  Cincinnati,  who  purchased 
a set  of  German-silver  instruments  for  their  use,  their  second  set 
of  brass  ones  having  given  out.  The  money  passed  through  the 
hands  of  Lieut.  W.  W.  Rich,  and  the  following  receipts  will 
show  how  it  was  raised  and  expended.  The  small  amount  not 
covered  by  the  receipted  bill  for  the  instruments  was  used,  we 
believe,  in  paying  the  expenses  of  the  parties  who  went  for 
them,  and  when  the  regiment  was  discharged  (Aug.  7,  1865, 
at  St.  Paul)  each  member  of  the  band  was  made  a present  of 
the  instrument  he  had  been  using: 

June  20,  1865. 

Received  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  June  20,  1865,  of  Lieut.  W.  W.  Rich,  regi- 
mental treasurer  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry  Veteran  Volunteers,  $299.90,  the 
same  being  the  amount  paid  by  enlisted  men  of  Fourth  Minnesota  for  the 
purchase  of  instruments  for  regimental  band  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry. 

L.  R.  Wellman, 

Captain  Company  F,  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry. 


Camp  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry  Veteran  Volunteers,  June  20, 1865. 

Received  of  Lieutenant  W.  W.  Rich,  regimental  treasurer,  $108.40,  the  same 
being  regimental  funds  to  be  used  for  purchasing  instruments  for  the  use  of 
hand  of  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry  Veteran  Volunteers. 

L.  R.  Wellman, 

Captain  Company  F,  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry. 


Camp  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry  Veteran  Volunteers, 

June  20,  1865. 

Received  of  Lieut.  W.  W.  Rich,  regimental  treasurer,  $288,  the  same  being 
amounts  paid  by  officers  toward  the  purchase  of  instruments  for  the  regi- 
mental band  of  Fourth  Minnesota.  L.  R.  Wellman, 

Captain  Company  F,  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry. 


Cincinnati,  June  22,  1865. 

Mr.  Capt.  L.  R.  Wellman  bought  of  John  Church,  Jr.,  music  publisher, 
dealer,  etc.,  No.  66  West  Fourth  street. 


To  2 Eb  Soprano  @ $50.00 $100.00 

“ 1 Bt  Soprano 54.00 

“ 2 Eb  Alto  @ $66.00 132.00 

“ 1 Bt  Baritone 80.00 

“ 2 Bt  Tenor  @ $72.00  144.00 

“ 1 Bt  Bass 88  00 

“ 1 Eb  Bass 110.00 


Total $708.00 

Less  5 per  cent 35.40 


$672.60 

Bass  Drum 16.00 


Cr.  by  inst.  ret’d 


$688.60 
. 25.00 


$663.60 


Received  payment. 

John  Church,  Jr. 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


433 


June  26th — Monday.  — Capt.  D.  L.  Wellman  of  Company  I 
was  detailed  to-day  as  acting  assistant  inspector  general  of  the 
First  Brigade,  First  Division,  {fifteenth  Army  Corps,  to  which 
we  are  attached.  Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.  Wm.  B.  Woods  commands 
this  division. 

Colonel  Tourtellotte  having  resigned,  left  the  regiment 
during  the  latter  part  of  June. 

Monthly  Return  for  June , 1865. — Enlisted  men  present  for  duty,  324;  on  ex- 
tra and  daily  duty,  39;  sick,  24;  total,  387.  Commissioned  officers  present  for 
duty,  18;  on  extra  and  daily  duty,  3;  sick,  1;  total,  22.  Gain — Officers,  1;  men, 
2.  Loss — Officers,  5;  enlisted  men,  241.  Deduct  gain  of  3,  loss,  243.  Ag- 
gregate, May  31,  1865,  802.  Deduct  loss  in  June  of  243,  aggregate  June 
30th,  559. 

Remarks. — The  men  mustered  out  at  Louisville  by  order  on  June  12th 
were  mustered  out  by  Major  Dickey,  assistant  commissary  of  musters  Fif- 
teenth Army  Corps.  R.  J.  Chewning,  second  lieutenant  Company  H,  on  leave 
of  absence  for  twenty-five  days  from  June  18,  1865.  Samuel  W.  Russell,  on 
detached  service  as  acting  assistant  quartermaster  Second  Brigade,  Fourth 
Division,  Fifteenth  Army  Corps,  since  March  28, 1865.  F.  S.  De  Mers,  acting 
regimental  quartermaster.  Captain  Samuel  T.  Isaac,  honorably  discharged 
June  21st  on  tender  of  resignation. 

July  4-th — Tuesday. — To-day  Major  General  Sherman  ar- 
rived at  Louisville  and  visited  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee, 
which  Maj.  Gen.  John  A.  Logan  still  commands  and  which  has 
all  come  here  from  Washington  “for  muster-out  or  further 

O 

orders.” 

From  the  list  of  the  number  of  miles  marched  by  the  differ- 
ent corps  as  given  in  General  Sherman’s  “ Memoirs”  we  copy 
the  following : 

Fifteenth  Corps:  From  Memphis  to  Chattanooga,  330  miles;  Chattanooga 

to  Atlanta  (average  distance  traversed  in  maneuvering),  178  miles;  Atlanta  to 
Savannah,  285  miles;  Savannah  to  Goldsboro,  423  miles;  Goldsboro  to  Washing- 
ton, 333  miles. 

General  Logan’s  Farewell  Address  to  the  Army  of  the 

Tennessee. 

Headquarters  Army  of  the  Tennessee, 
Louisville,  Ky.,  July  13,  1865. 

Officers  and  Soldiers  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee:  The  profound 
gratification  I feel  in  being  authorized  to  release  you  from  the  onerous  obliga- 
28 


434 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


tions  of  the  camp  and  return  you  laden  with  laurels  to  homes  where  warm 
hearts  wait  to  welcome  you,  is  somewhat  embittered  by  the  painful  reflection 
that  I am  sundering  the  ties  which  trials  made  true,  time  made  tender,  suffering 
made  sacred,  perils  made  proud,  heroism  made  honorable,  and  fame  made  forever 
fearless  of  the  future.  It  is  no  common  occasion  that  demands  the  disbandment 
of  a military  organization,  before  the  resistless  power  of  which  mountains  brist- 
ling with  bayonets  have  bowed,  cities  have  surrendered  and  millions  of  brave 
men  have  been  conquered.  Although  I have  been  but  a short  period  your  com- 
mander we  are  not  strangers;  affections  have  sprung  up  between  us  during  the 
long  years  of  doubt,  gloom  and  carnage  which  we  have  passed  through  together, 
nurtured  by  common  perils,  sufferings  and  sacrifices,  and  riveted  by  the  mem- 
ories of  gallant  comrades  whose  bones  repose  beneath  the  sod  of  a hundred 
battlefields,  which  neither  time  nor  distance  will  weaken  or  efface.  The  many 
marches  you  have  made,  the  dangers  you  have  despised,  the  haughtiness  you 
have  humbled,  the  duties  you  have  discharged,  the  glory  you  have  gained,  the 
destiny  you  have  discovered  for  the  country  in  whose  cause  you  have  conquered, 
all  recur  at  this  moment,  in  all  the  vividness  that  marked  the  scenes  through 
which  we  have  just  passed.  From  the  pens  of  the  ablest  historians  of  the  land, 
daily,  are  drifting  out  upon  the  current  of  time,  page  upon  page,  volume  upon 
volume,  of  your  heroic  deeds,  which,  floating  down  to  future  generations,  will 
inspire  the  student  of  history  with  admiration,  the  patriot  American  with  ven- 
eration for  his  ancestors,  and  the  lover  of  republican  liberty  with  gratitude  to 
those  who,  in  a fresh  baptism  of  blood,  reconsecrated  the  powers  and  energies 
of  the  republic  to  the  cause  of  constitutional  freedom.  Long  may  it  be  the 
happy  fortune  of  each  and  every  one  of  you  to  live  in  the  full  fruition  of  the 
boundless  blessings  you  have  secured  to  the  human  race!  Only  he  whose  heart 
has  been  filled  with  admiration  for  your  impetuous  and  unyielding  valor  in  the 
thickest  of  the  fight  can  appreciate  with  what  pride  he  recounts  the  brilliant 
achievements  which  immortalize  you  and  enrich  the  pages  of  our  national 
history.  Passing  by  the  earlier  but  not  less  signal  triumphs  of  the  i war,  in 
which  most  of  you  participated  and  inscribed  upon  your  banners  such  victories 
as  Donelson  and  Shiloh,  I recur  to  campaigns,  sieges  and  victories  that  chal- 
lenge the  admiration  of  the  world  and  elicit  the  unwilling  applause  of  all 
Europe.  Turning  your  backs  upon  the  blood-bathed  heights  of  Vicksburg  you 
launched  into  a region  swarming  with  enemies,  fighting  your  way  and  march- 
ing without  adequate  supplies  to  answer  the  cry  for  succor  that  came  to  you 
from  the  noble  but  beleaguered  Army  of  Chattanooga.  Your  steel  next  flashed 
among  the  mountains  of  Tennessee  and  your  weary  limbs  found  rest  before  the 
embattled  heights  of  Missionary  Ridge,  and  there  with  dauntless  courage  you 
breasted  again  the  enemy’s  destructive  fire  and  shared  with  your  comrades  of 
the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  the  glories  of  a victory  than  which  no  soldier  can 
boast  a prouder.  In  that  unexampled  campaign  of  vigilant  and  vigorous  war- 
fare from  Chattanooga  to  Atlanta,  you  freshened  your  laurels  at  Resaca,  grap- 
pling with  the  enemy  behind  his  works,  hurling  him  back  dismayed  and  broken. 
Pursuing  him  from  thence,  marking  your  path  by  the  graves  of  fallen  com- 
rades, you  again  triumphed  over  superior  numbers  at  Dallas,  fighting  your  way 
from  there  to  Kenesaw  Mountain,  and  under  the  murderous  artillery  that 
frowned  from  its  rugged  heights,  with  a tenacity  and  constancy  that  finds  few 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


435 


parallels,  you  labored,  fought  and  suffered  through  the  broiling  rays  of  a South- 
ern midsummer  sun  until  at  last  you  planted  your  colors  upon  the  topmost 
heights.  Again,  on  July  22,  1864,  rendered  memorable  through  all  time  for 
the  terrible  struggle  you  so  heroically  maintained  under  discouraging  disasters, 
and  the  saddest  of  all  reflections,  the  loss  of  that  exemplary  soldier  and  popu- 
lar leader,  the  lamented  McPherson.  Your  matchless  courage  turned  defeat 
into  a glorious  victory.  Ezra  Chapel  and  Jonesboro  added  new  luster  to  a ra- 
diant record,  the  latter  unbarring  to  you  the  proud  Gate  City  of  the  South.  The 
daring  of  a desperate  foe  in  thrusting  his  legions  northward  exposed  the  country 
in  your  front,  and  though  rivers,  swamps  and  enemies  opposed  you,  boldly 
surmounted  every  obstacle,  beat  down  all  opposition  and  marched  onward  to 
the  sea  without  any  act  to  dim  the  brightness  of  your  historic  page.  The 
world  rang  plaudits  when  your  labors  and  struggles  culminated  at  Savannah  and 
the  old  starry  banner  waved  once  more  over  the  walls  of  one  of  our  proud- 
est cities  of  the  seaboard.  Scarce  a breathing  spell  had  passed,  when  your  col- 
ors faded  from  the  coast  and  your  columns  plunged  into  the  swamps  of  the 
Carolinas.  The  sufferings  you  endured,  the  labors  you  performed  and  the  suc- 
cesses you  achieved  in  those  morasses,  deemed  impassable,  form  a creditable 
episode  in  the  history  of  the  war.  Pocotaligo,  Saulkehatchie,  Edisto,  Branch- 
ville,  Orangeburgh,  Columbia,  Bentonville,  Charleston  and  Raleigh  are  names 
that  will  ever  be  suggestive  of  the  resistless  sweep  of  your  columns  through 
the  territory  that  cradled  and  nurtured  and  from  whence  was  sent  forth  on  its 
mission  of  crime,  misery  and  blood  the  disturbing  and  disorganizing  spirit  of 
secession  and  rebellion. 

The  work  for  which  you  pledged  your  brave  hearts  and  brawny  arms  to  the 
government  of  your  fathers  you  have  nobly  performed.  You  have  seen  in  the 
past,  gathering  through  the  gloom  that  enveloped  the  land,  rallying  as  the 
guardians  of  man’s  proudest  heritage,  forgetting  the  thread  unwoven  in  the 
loom,  quitting  the  anvil  and  abandoning  the  workshops,  to  vindicate  the  su- 
premacy of  the  laws  and  the  authority  of  the  constitution  Four  years  have 
you  struggled  in  the  bloodiest  and  most  destructive  war  that  ever  drenched 
the  earth  with  human  gore;  step  by  step  you  have  borne  our  standard,  until 
to-day,  over  every  fortress  and  arsenal  that  Rebellion  wrenched  from  us,  and 
over  city,  town  and  hamlet,  from  the  lakes  to  the  gulf  and  from  ocean  to 
ocean  proudly  floats  the  starry  emblem  of  our  national  unity  and  strength. 
Your  rewards,  my  comrades,  are  the  welcoming  plaudits  of  a grateful  people; 
the  consciousness  that,  in  saving  the  republic  you  have  won  for  your  country 
renewed  respect  and  power  at  home  and  abroad;  that  in  the  unexampled  era  of 
growth  and  prosperity  that  dawns  with  peace,  there  attaches  mightier  wealth 
of  pride  and  glory  than  ever  before  to  that  loved  boast,  ‘ ‘ I am  an  American 
citizen ! ’ ’ 

In  relinquishing  the  implements  of  war  for  those  of  peace,  let  your  conduct, 
which  was  that  of  warriors  in  time  of  war,  be  that  of  peaceful  citizens  in  time 
of  peace.  Let  not  the  luster  of  that  brighter  name  that  you  have  won  as  sol- 
diers be  dimmed  by  any  improper  acts  as  citizens,  but  as  time  rolls  on  let  your 
record  grow  brighter  and  brighter  still. 

John  A.  Logan, 
Major  General. 


436 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


Headquarters  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry  Veteran  Volunteers, 

Near  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  18,  1865. 
His  Excellency,  Stephen  Miller,  Governor  of  Minnesota: 

Sir:  I have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  this  regiment  is  to  be  mustered 

out  of  service  to-morrow  and  will  probably  leave  for  Minnesota  on  the  day  fol- 
lowing. There  are  in  the  regiment  several  worthy  non-commissioned  officers 
for  whom  it  has  been  impossible  to  provide  heretofore  in  filling  vacancies.  In 
order  to  give  to  as  many  of  such  as  possible  some  reward  for  long  and  faithful 
service,  I respectfully  ask  that  honorary  commissions  be  issued  to  the  following 
named  officers  and  non-commissioned  officers,  said  commissions  to  bear  date 
June  15,  1865:  Lieut.  Col.  J.  C.  Edson,  to  be  colonel,  vice  Tourtellotte,  re- 

signed; Maj.  L.  R.  Wellman,  to  he  lieutenant  colonel,  vice  Edson,  promoted; 
Capt.  D.  M.  G.  Murphy,  to  be  major,  vice  Wellman,  promoted;  Asst.  Surg.  G. 
M.  D.  Lambert,  surgeon,  vice  Wedel,  resigned;  Hospital  Steward  Charles  Primhs, 
assistant  surgeon,  vice  Lambert,  promoted;  First  Lieut.  Joseph  Williams,  cap- 
tain, vice  Murphy,  promoted;  First  Lieut.  E.  P.  Lieberg,  captain,  vice  Isaac, 
resigned;  Second  Lieut.  A.  E.  Wood,  first  lieutenant,  vice  Hunt,  honorably  dis- 
charged; Second  Lieut.  A.  J.  Whitney,  first  lieutenant,  vice  Graham,  honorably 
discharged;  Second  Lieut.  Geo. Plowman,  first  lieutenant,  vice  Williams,  pro- 
moted; Quartermaster  Sergt.  W.  S.  Longstreet,  first  lieutenant,  vice  Lieberg, 
promoted;  First  Sergt.  Andrus  B.  Applin,  second  lieutenant,  vice  Wood,  pro- 
moted; First  Sergt.  Wm.  T.  Lambert,  second  lieutenant,  vice  Whitney,  pro- 
moted; First  Sergt.  Ira  C.  Aldrich,  second  lieutenant,  vice  Plowman,  promoted; 
First  Sergt.  Henry  R.  Loomis,  second  lieutenant,  vice  Douglas,  promoted. 

I beg  leave  to  remind  you  that  although  a commission  as  surgeon  has  been 
issued  to  E.  W.  Cross,  as  I am  informed,  he  has  never  reported  to  the  regiment 
and  is  not  borne  on  our  reports.  Assistant  Surgeon  Lambert  is  the  only  medi- 
cal officer  connected  with  the  regiment  and  I hope  he  may  receive  a commission 
as  surgeon. 

I am,  with  great  respect,  your  obedient  servant. 

James  C.  Edson, 

Lieutenant  Colonel,  Commanding  Regiment. 

Granted. 

S.  Miller. 

[Commissions  issued  July  24,  1865.] 

The  honorary  commissions  were  delivered  to  the  officers  at 
St.  Paul.  Several,  however,  refused  to  accept  them.  Others 
put  the  pieces  of  paper  into  their  pockets,  and  in  due  time  used 
them  for  lighting  cigars  and  other  purposes,  for  which  they 
considered  them  better  adapted  than  conveying  empty  honors. 

July  19th — Wednesday. — We  were  mustered  for  discharge  out 
of  the  United  States  service  at  live  o’clock  to-day,  by  Capt. 
W.  S.  Alexander  of  the  Thirtieth  Iowa  Infantry,  assistant 
commissary  of  musters  First  Division,  Fifteenth  Army  Corps. 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


437 


Headquabtebs  Army  of  the  Tennessee, 

Louisville,  Ky.,  July  19,  1865. 

Special  Oedees,  No.  103: 

Fourth  Regiment  Minnesota  Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry,  having  been 
mustered  out  of  service  in  accordance  with  General  Orders,  No.  26  (current 
series),  from  these  headquarters,  the  quartermaster’s  department  will  furnish 
transportation  from  Louisville,  Ky.,  to  Fort  Snelling,  Minn.,  for  436  officers  and 
men  and  seven  private  horses  belonging  to  the  officers  of  the  command. 

By  command  of  Maj.  Gen.  John  A.  L«gan. 

Max.  Woodhull, 
Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

July  20th — Thursday.  — Started  at  one  o’clock.  W ent  clown 
to  the  river.  Crossed  to  Jeffersonville,  Inch  Got  on  the  cars 
and  started  north  at  7:00  p.  m. 

July  21st — Friday.  — Arrived  in  Indianapolis,  Inch,  at  eight 
o’clock.  Changed  cars  at  Kokomo. 

July  22d — Saturday.  — Arrived  at  Chicago  at  6:00  A.  M. 
Left  at  11:00  A.  m.  Got  breakfast  at  the  Soldiers’  Rest.  Started 
for  Milwaukee.  Arrived  at  3:00  P.  M.  Went  to  the  fair  and 
had  supper.  The  Eighteenth  Wisconsin  Infantry  and  our  regi- 
ment took  supper  together,  the  Eighteenth  doing  the  honors  of 
the  occasion,  and  with  open  ranks  presented  arms  as  our  regi- 
ment marched  through.  The  music  being  led  by  the  two 
Kelley  brothers  (Charles  and  Cornelius),  the  old  fife  and  drum 
majors  of  our  regiment.  After  supper  and  a good  and  final 
visit  together  our  boys  and  those  of  the  Eighteenth  shook 
hands  all  around  and  bade  each  other  farewell.  At  6:00  p.  m. 
our  regiment  got  on  the  same  train  and  started  for  La  Crosse. 

July  23d — Sunday.  — Arrived  at  La  Crosse  at  half-past  ten 
o’clock.  Got  off.  Embarked  on  the  steamboat  Northern  Belle. 
Part  of  the  regiment  got  on  the  barge.  Started  at  two.  Ar- 
rived at  Winona  at  six. 

July  2 4-th — Monday.  — Arrived  at  Lake  Pepin  at  daybreak. 
Arrived  at  Reel  Wing  at  half-past  six.  Major  Wellman  got 
off.  Arrived  at  St.  Paul  at  6:00  p.  m.  Disembarked.  Marched 
to  the  capitol.  Got  supper.  We  were  escorted  by  the  fire 
companies.  Marched  back  to  the  boat.  Got  our  knapsacks 
and  got  permission  to  go  home,  to  report  on  the  fifth  of  August. 
The  Governor  and  Mayor  addressed  us.  Lots  of  cheering. 
Rain  and  much  Our  men  then  dispersed.  Those  who  desired 


438  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1865 

went  to  their  homes.  All  were  to  report  on  August  5th  to 
sign  the  pay  rolls  and  receive  their  final  discharges. 

Mr.  Sly  says,  under  date  of  August  5th: 

I left  home  (Belle  Plaine)  with  Colonel  Edson  and  went  down  to  Carver. 
Walked  to  Shakopee.  Went  to  J.  L.  McDonald’s  and  stopped  until  Monday- 
morning.  Got  on  a boat  and  went  to  Fort  Snelling.  Got  in  a wagon  and 
went  to  St.  Paul.  Signed  the  pay  rolls.  I was  the  only  one  of  the  drum  corps 
who  served  the  full  time. 

Henry  House  of  Company  F states: 

I carried  a drum  until  discharged  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  19,  1865.  I was 
on  every  march  with  the  company  excepting  the  Ripley  march,  and  in  every 
battle  and  charge  except  the  Iuka  battle.  I was  sick  at  Camp  Clear  creek  and 
in  the  hospital  about  a month,  and  was  convalescent  at  the  time  of  the  battle  of 
Iuka  and  was  sent  to  Corinth  with  the  company  and  camp  utensils,  etc.  I was 
the  only  snare  drummer  that  was  always  with  the  company  from  first  to  last 
excepting  that  one  month. 

The  regiment  was  paid  by  Major  William  Smith,  United 
States  Army,  to  include  Aug.  7,  1865. 

The  heroes  composing  this  regiment  were  now  once  more  free 
and  independent  citizens  of  the  great  republic;  all  were  on  the 
level  once  more  before  the  law.  Many  of  the  officers  of  this 
regiment  were  brave  and  honorable  men  and  highly  respected 
by  the  members  of  their  companies,  and  I am  sorry  that  these 
remarks  cannot  with  justice  be  applied  to  them  all;  but  justice 
and  truth  forbid  it.  They  would  undoubtedly  compare  favor- 
ably with  the  officers  of  auy  other  regiment.  The  men  com- 
posing the  rank  and  file  — the  privates  and  non-commissioned 
officers — were  as  a rule  persons  of  good  ability  and  honorable, 
good  men.  Fullj’a  third  of  them  were  as  able  and  as  well  quali- 
fied to  command  their  respective  companies  or  the  regiment  as 
any  officer  in  it,  and  in  many  instances  a great  deal  more  so. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 


The  Quartermaster’s  Department — The  Brass  Band — Roster  of  Duty  Officers — 
List  of  Dead  in  National  Cemeteries — Members’  Services  in  Other  Com- 
mands— Final  Roster  of  the  Regiment — Reunions  Since  the  War. 

The  Quartermaster’s  Department. 

As  the  efficiency  of  a regiment  in  active  service  depends  in 
a great  measure  upon  the  quartermaster’s  department,  and  as 
we  have  sufficient  information  for  a partial  history  of  it,  we 
devote  a few  lines  to  ours.  Lieut.  Thomas  B.  Hunt,  our  first 
regimental  quartermaster,  drew  one  hundred  and  twenty  mules 
on  requisition  at  St.  Louis.,  Ho.,  when  the  regiment  was  at 
Benton  Barracks,  being  enough,  with  what  we  already  had,  to 
make  a train  of  twenty-two  six-mule  teams.  These  animals 
had  never  before  been  harnessed  and  were  very  wild. 
They  were  small  in  size,  of  the  jack-rabbit  variety  and 
the  most  of  them  had  to  be  thrown  down  and  held  while  the 
harness  was  fastened  on,  aud  for  many  days  our  mule  caravan 
paraded  the  grounds  of  the  barracks  with  all  of  the  wheels  of 
the  wagons  locked  and  a soldier  leading  each  animal  to  break 
it  in.  We  had  not  been  South  long  before  our  jack-rabbits 
began  to  be  promoted.  As  fast  as  larger  auimals  could  be  pro- 
cured the  small  ones  were  turned  loose,  aud  in  a few  months 
the  wheelers  became  the  leaders.  Quartermaster  Sergt.  Francis 
E.  Collins  and  Commissary  Sergt.  Thomas  P.  Wilson  were 
very  efficient  aids  to  our  quartermaster,  not  only  during  the 
equipment  of  the  regiment  for  active  field  operations  but  as 
long  as  they  remained  with  it.  Lieutenant  Hunt  was  an  officer 
of  good  executive  ability,  and  we  were  soon  well  provided  with 
all  the  necessary  supplies,  and  as  long  as  he  remained  with 
us  it  affords  us  pleasure  to  say  that  he  was  at  all  times  kiud 
and  gentlemanly  to  his  subordinates  and  affable  and  courteous 
to  his  brother  officers.  He  left  us  at  Jacinto,  Miss.,  was 
afterward  detailed  to  act  as  brigade  quartermaster  on  the  staff  of 


440  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1865 

Colonel  Sanborn  and  did  not  afterwards  act  as  our  regimental 
quartermaster.  He  bid  us  good-by  from  the  deck  of  a steam- 
boat when  we  were  on  a sandbar  below  Helena,  April  13, 
1863,  and  having  been  promoted  went  North  to  assume  the 
duties  of  captain  and  assistant  quartermaster. 

Lieut.  James  H.  Donaldson  of  Company  C was  detailed  to 
act  as  our  quartermaster  at  Jacinto,  and  continued  to  act  as 
such  until  we  were  in  the  rear  of  Vicksburg.  While  at  Benton 
Barracks  Frederick  Parsons  of  Company  E was  serving  as  a 
detailed  clerk  for  Lieutenant  Hunt,  and  continued  to  do  so  as 
long  as  Hunt  remained  with  us.  Fred  E.  Du  Toit  of  Company 
A was  detailed  at  those  barracks  to  also  clerk  for  the  quarter- 
master and  remained  on  that  duty  until  May  28th,  before 
Corinth,  when  he  went  to  his  company.  A.  L.  Brown  of  Com- 
pany B was  assigned  to  duty  at  St.  Louis  as  clerk  to  Commis- 
sary Sergeant  Wilson,  and  remained  with  him  until  after  the 
battle  of  Iuka.  Mr.  Edw.  G.  Covington  of  Belle  Plaine  was 
appointed  at  Fort  Snelling  as  wagonmaster.  He  was  a citizen 
employe  and  remained  as  such  until  after  the  battle  of  Iuka  at 
Jacinto,  when  he  was  emplojmd  to  take  charge  of  the  supply 
train  of  the  brigade.  When  Covington  left  A.  L.  Brown  was 
relieved  as  clerk  and  detailed  as  wagonmaster,  and  continued 
to  perform  those  duties  until  we  were  at  White’s  Station,  in 
February,  1862,  when  at  his  request  Colonel  Tourtellotte  re- 
lieved him  and  he  went  to  his  company.  John  H.  Thurston  of 
Company  C was  at  about  the  same  time  at  White’s  Station  de- 
tailed as  clerk  to  assist  Lieutenant  Donaldson.  Charles  B 
Smith  of  Company  D was  detailed  after  the  battle  of  Corinth 
to  assist  Commissary  Sergeant  Wilson,  and  served  with  him 
until  about  the  time  we  started  on  the  Yazoo  Pass  expedition, 
w7hen  he  was  taken  sick  with  diphtheria  and  went  to  a hospi- 
tal in  Memphis.  He  joined  the  regiment  in  rear  of  Vicksburg 
and  went  into  the  trenches.  At  White’s  Station  Daniel  Foster 
of  Company  A was  assigned  to  duty  as  wagonmaster.  Foster 
was  detailed  at  Jacinto  as  Brown’s  assistant,  and  he  served  as 
wagonmaster  until  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service. 

The  regimental  blacksmith  was  Daniel  Nevins  of  Company 
E,  who  acted  as  such,  we  believe,  as  long  as  we  remained  with 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


441 


the  regiment.  We  had  a portable  forge  and  all  of  the  necessary 
tools  for  shoeing  horses  and  doing  other  light  work.  We  had  not 
been  in  the  field  long  before  Dan  made  a TJ-S  branding  iron, 
which  we  afterwards  found  to  be  a very  useful  appendage  to 
our  outfit,  for  with  it  and  a pair  of  shears  our  boys  would  in  a 
few  minutes  so  effectually  change  the  appearance  of  the  con- 
verted mules  and  horses  that  their  former  owners  never  after- 
wards recognized  one;  but  such  acts  were  all  done  for  the  benefit 
of  the  train  and  the  United  States  Government  received  the 
benefit.  A laughable  incident  occurred  to  us  while  we  were  at 
Oxford.  AVe  had  been  out  with  the  train  to  the  “ Mandy  Robin- 
son plantation”  at  Oak  Grove  for  forage,  and  on  the  way  back 
some  of  the  teamsters  got  a strawberry  colored  mule,  and  on  ar- 
rival in  camp  tied  it  to  Joe  Montoure’s  wagon.  Before  Dan 
could  heat  his  iron  and  shear  the  mule’s  mane  and  tail,  a native 
from  the  country  came  up,  looked  at  “Old  Strawberry”  care- 
fully and  then  started  off  to  the  provost  marshal’s  office.  As 
soon  as  he  departed  the  animal  was  led  into  the  brush  and  bar- 
bered  and  another  one  resembling  it  some  in  appearance  tied 
in  its  place.  The  man  soon  returned  with  the  provost  mar- 
shal, and  was  considerably  nonplussed  when  he  failed  to  rec- 
ognize his  animal,  and  turning  to  the  officer  said,  “Now,  I de- 
clare if  that  ain’t  the  beetenist  thing  yet.  I left  my  mule 
standen  tliar  not  a half-hour  ago,  sure.  This  beast  does  look 
some  like  it,  but  I reckon,  mister,  that  ain’t  my  mule.” 
“AV ell,  sir!”  said  the  officer,  “if  you  cannot  recognize  your 
animal,  I cannot  put  you  in  possession  of  it.” 

Among  those  who  were  regimental  teamsters  we  remember 
the  names  of 


John  N.  Bradford  of  Company  B. 
John  B.  Grover  of  Company  B. 

Wm.  W.  Getchell  of  Company  B. 
John  Drever  of  Company  A. 

Daniel  Foster  of  Company  A. 

B.  F.  Covington  of  Company  A. 

Thos.  Scale  of  Company  C. 

Thedro  Fish  of  Company  C. 

William  McCrory  of  Company  C. 
Thaddeus  I.  Robinson  of  Company  D. 
Thomas  Darling  of  Company  D. 
Harvey  Fietcher  of  Company  E. 

Seth  Nichols  of  Company  H. 

A.  H.  Smith  of  Company  A. 


Marvin  Pond  of  Company  B. 
Valentine  Cloherty  of  Company  E. 
John  Eichler  of  Company  F. 

Allen  W.  Clark  of  Company  G. 
William  Bardin  of  Company  I. 
Andrew  Gish  of  Company  I. 
Joseph  Montoure  of  Company  K. 
James  A.  Williams  of  Company  B. 
John  Maxwell  of  Company  H. 
Pearl  Otis  of  Company  H. 

John  Cottrell  of  Company  F. 

Amos  Hursh  of  Company  K. 

A.  C.  Smith  of  Company  K.. 

Peter  Columbus  of  Company  G. 


442 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


Sergeants  Wilson  and  Collins,  having  been  promoted  to  com- 
missioned officers  in  the  Eleventh  Louisiana  Infantry  Volun- 
teers of  African  Descent,  left  our  regiment  at  Smith’s  plantation, 
Louisiana,  on  April  28, 1863,  and  reported  for  duty  at  Richmond, 
La.  Lieutenant  Collins  resigned  from  the  service  at  Vicks- 
burg. We  learn  that  he  performed  a very  brave  act  when  the 
captured  ammunition  and  arsenal  supplies  were  piled  upon  the 
levee  at  Vicksburg  and  about  to  take  fire.  He  ran  and  carried, 
at  great  personal  risk  to  himself,  enough  of  it  beyond  the  reach 
of  the  flames,  to  prevent  its  explosion.  Frank  was  a generous, 
brave,  whole-souled  man,  and  always  occupied  a warm  place  in 
the  hearts  of  his  old  comrades.  He  died,  we  were  informed, 
since  the  war,  in  Kansas.  He  had  a son,  H.  C.  Collins,  who 
was  second  lieutenant  of  Company  A,  Forty-ninth  United 
States  Colored  Infantry. 

After  Wilson  and  Collins  left  the  Fourth  Regiment  A.  L. 
Brown  was  detailed  as  commissary  sergeant  and  J.  H.  Thurs- 
ton added  the  duties  of  quartermaster  sergeant  to  those  he  had 
before  performed  assisting  Lieutenant  Donaldson,  who  was 
still  acting  as  regimental  quartermaster  in  supplying  the  wants 
of  the  regiment,  by  such  foraging  as  could  be  procured  from  the 
surrounding  country.  In  this  campaign  the  duties  of  forager 
were  performed  in  the  highest  known  science  of  the  art.  We 
would  get  a mule  in  one  place  and  a horse  in  another,  putting 
them  together  with  string  harness,  and,  hitched  to  vehicles  of  all 
kinds,  bring  the  produce  to  camp.  The  family  carriage  would 
perhaps  be  filled  with  poultry,  pigs  and  a varied  assortment  of 
such  plunder  as  the  country  afforded.  Our  wagon  train  and 
camp  equipage  were  left  behind  at  Smith’s  plantation,  and 
some  of  it  joined  us  when  we  were  at  Hatikinson’s  Ferry,  on 
the  Big  Black  river.  A.  L.  Brown  left  the  regiment  in  the  rear 
of  Vicksburg,  about  the  eighth  of  June,  to  assist  in  organizing 
the  Twelfth  Louisiana  or  Fiftieth  United  States  Colored  In- 
fantry. Joseph  A.  Godingof  Company  Bwas  assigned  toduty 
as  quartermaster  sergeant  in  the  rear  of  Vicksburg  about  the 
sixteenth  of  June.  During  that  campaign  Lieut.  J.  II.  Donald- 
son was  relieved  of  duty  as  acting  regimental  quartermaster  by 
Lieut.  D.  M.  G.  Murphy  of  Company  G.  We  have  no  per- 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


443 


sonal  knowledge  of  this  department  after  that  time,  but  these 
officers  and  those  who  succeeded  them  were  all  men  of  good 
ability. 

The  names  of  the  ten  wagoners  on  the  muster  roll  are  all 
that  are  a matter  of  record  accessible  to  us. 

While  I was  with  the  quartermaster’s  department,  and  in 
fact  up  to  the  surrender  of  Vicksburg,  I do  not  remember 
of  drawing  whisky  in  hulk,  as  rations  for  the  regiment,  ex- 
cept on  one  occasion,  and  that  was  while  we  were  at  Farming- 
ton.  A short  time  after  we  arrived  there  Commissary  Sergeant 
Wilson  thought  that  a little  whisky  would  be  a very  good 
thing  for  our  men  who  were  not  as  yet  used  to  the  expos- 
ures of  camp  life  and  the  duties  we  wTere  then  engaged 
in,  and  proposed  to  make  out  a requisition.  Lieutenant 
Hunt  approved  of  the  experiment,  but  without  expecting  to 
get  the  supplies.  To  our  surprise,  however,  the  requisition 
received  the  necessary  approval,  and  we  drew  two-sevenths 
rations,  or  two  days’ rations  out  of  seven,  and  went  to  Hamburgh 
Landing  and  got  five  or  seven  barrels,  which  lasted  us,  if  my 
memory  serves  me  correctly,  until  May  28th,  when  the  last  of 
it  was  issued  to  the  men  while  we  were  out  in  front  of  the 
enemy  in  the  trenches  before  Corinth. 

The  persons  who  had  charge  of  the  supply  train  of  the 
brigade  or  division  were  under  the  direct  orders  of  the 
quartermaster  of  the  brigade  or  division  and  subject  to  his  re- 
moval at  pleasure.  They  were  called  the  brigade  or  division 
wagon  masters,  but  had  no  authority  whatever  over  regi- 
mental wagonmasters  or  their  trains.  These  were  under 
the  orders  of  the  regimental  quartermaster.  Each  regi- 
mental train  remained  with  the  regiment,  and  on  the  line 
of  march,  as  a general  rule,  followed  immediately  behind  it  or 
the  brigade.  There  are  those  who  believe  that  the  brigade 
and  division  wagonmasters  managed  the  various  trains  on  the 
same  principle  that  commanders  of  brigades  and  divisions  did 
the  troops,  and  that  all  orders  for  the  moving  of  teams  or 
trains  had  to  emanate  from  or  pass  through  their  hands.  In 
Covington’s  case,  he  was  employed  as  regimental  wagonmaster, 
at  a salary  of  sixty  dollars  a month,  was  never  sworn  into  the 


444 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


army  and  could  quit  at  any  time.  I do  not  know  who  em- 
ployed him,  nor  by  what  authority.  The  army  regulations 
and  orders  did  not  provide  for  the  employment  of  a civilian 
for  these  duties  and  no  provision  was  made  in  them  for  his 
payment.  He  informed  me  several  years  ago  that  he  never 
received  any  pay  for  his  services.  He  was  a kind  and  oblig- 
ing man,  performed  his  duty  in  a creditable  manner,  and  was 
father  to  B.  F.  Covington  of  Company  A. 


The  band  had  three  different  sets  of  instruments.  It  was 
composed  of  enlisted  men  detailed  from  the  different  com- 
panies of  the  regiment.  It  was  brigade  hand,  First  Brigade, 
Third  Division,  for  nine  months,  was  in  all  engagements  with 
the  regiment  and  in  many  instances  with  guns  in  ranks,  etc. 
Our  hand  was  the  one  that  led  in  the  grand  review  in  Wash- 
ington, before  President  Johnson,  Generals  Grant,  Sherman 
and  other  dignitaries.  And  it  was  one  of  only  a few  which  kept 
its  organization  from  the  time  of  going  out  until  returning  to 
the  state.  It  received  special  mention  from  Generals  Logan 
and  Sherman  for  gallant  service  performed  at  Allatoona. 


History  of  tiie  Regimental  Brass  Band. 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  B RASS  BAND. 


Leaders. 


James  N.  Hubbard  of  Company  F. 
Charles  P.  Hubbard  of  Company  F. 


James  Davis  of  Company  K. 
If.  R.  Marcyes  of  Company  I. 
W.  S.  Kimball  of  Company  K. 


Members. 


W.  W.  Milhollin  of  Company  K. 

F.  Brackelsberg  of  Company  H. 
Charles  Scofield  of  Company  F. 
George  Scofield  of  Company  F. 

L.  Siebert  of  Company  I. 

W.  P.  Woolson  of  Company  I. 

0.  H.  Wiley  of  Company  K. 

John  H.  Thurston  of  Company  C. 
John  C.  Maag  of  Company  H. 
John  Bursley  of  Company  G. 

G.  W.  Reinoehl  of  Company  I. 

F.  L.  Cutlar  of  Company  F. 

R.  B.  Laugdon  of  Company  F. 


T.  Frank  Sturtevant  of  Company  F. 
J.  Niebles  of  Company  E. 

C.  E.  Rogers  of  Company  I. 

James  S.  Thomas  of  Company  K. 

W.  Muzzy  of  Company  H. 

John  Frank  of  Companies  K and  B. 
Charles  F.  Hellberg  of  Company  A. 
John  W.  Morse  of  Company  C. 

E.  A.  Whitcomb  of  Company  K. 

A.  W.  Clark  of  Company  G. 

J.  H.  Cronkhite  of  Company  I. 
Truman  Booth  of  Company  H. 


H.  R.  Marcyes,  Company  I,  Leader  of  Brass  Band. 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


445 


Members  Died,  Discharged,  Etc.,  Before  Final  Mdster-Out. 

Charles  F.  Hellberg  of  Company  A,  died  of  wounds  received  at  Allatoona. 

John  H.  Thurston  of  Company  C,  transfered  for  promotion  to  Forty-ninth  United  States  Col- 
ored Infantry. 

James  S.  Thomas  of  Company  K,  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps. 

James  N.  Hubbard  of  Company  F,  discharged  May  6, 1863. 

Charles  P.  Hubbard  of  Company  F,  discharged  Aug.  10,  1863 ; died  since  war. 

George  Scofield  of  Company  F,  died  at  Paducah,  Ky. 

J.  H.  Cronkhite  of  Company  I,  discharged  Dec.  21, 1S62. 

F.  L.  Cutlar  of  Company  F,  discharged  Feb.  13, 1863. 

C.  E.  Rogers  of  Company  I,  discharged  Feb.  9, 1863. 

W.  W.  Milhollin  of  Company  K,  discharged  Jan.  20,  1862. 

W.  P.  Woolson  of  Company  I,  discharged  Jan.  19,  1864. 

T.  Frank  Sturtevant  of  Company  F,  discharged  Feb.  6,  1864,  transferred  for  promotion  as  first 
lieutenant  Forty-ninth  United  States  Colored  Infantry. 

Leonard  Siebert  of  Company  I,  discharged,  three  years  service  Dec.  26, 1864. 

F.  Brackelsberg  of  Company  H,  wounded  at  Allatoona,  Ga. 

Members  Who  Started  Out  and  Returned  with  the  Band  to  the  State. 

H.  R.  Marcyes.  W.  Muzzy.  John  Frank. 

W.  S.  Kimball.  J.  Niebles.  Oscar  H.  Wiley. 

The  Hubbard  brothers  were  the  first  leaders  and  instructors 
of  the  band,  and  although  they  were  enlisted  men  and  detailed 
from  their  compan}7,  they  received  the  same  amount  of  pay  as 
lieutenants,  the  regimental  fund  being  used,  I believe,  for  that 
purpose. 


ROSTER  OF  OFFICERS  FOR  DUTY,  KEPT  BY  ADJUTANTS  KITTREDGE  AND  RICH,  FROM  JUNE  10,  1864,  TO  END  OF  SERVICE. 

X stauds  for  officer  of  the  day;  G for  guard;  F,  fatigue  duty;  S,  special  duty;  E,  extra  duty;  P,  policeduty.  (Police  duty  means  sweeping  and  cleaning  up  the  camp.) 

From  June  10  to  July  21,  1804. 


446  HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1865 


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1865] 


MINNESOTA  INEANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


451 


of  Officers  for  Duty,  Kept  by  Adjutants  Kittredge  and  Rich,  from  June  10, 18G4,  to  End  of  Service  — Continued. 


452 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1865 


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1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


453 


LIST  CONTAINING  NAMES  OP  THOSE  BURIED  IN  NATIONAL  CEMETERIES,  AS 
FAR  AS  KNOWN,  FURNISHED,  FROM  THE  RECORDS  AT  WASHINGTON,  APRIL, 
21,  1891: 


Name. 


Shea,  Thomas 

Severson,  Ole 

Trinson,  Turban 

Wolf,  John 

Giltner,  Henry  P 

Hill,  Wm.  H 

Casey,  John 

Mathews,  Samuel  J.... 

Shaw,  Forrester  H 

Stein,  John 

Bogan,  Joseph 

Hill,  Wm.  H 

Arnold,  Francis  M 

Bogart,  Wm.  H 

Brown,  Andrew  J 

Camp,  James  S 

Farlin,  Lucian 

Henry,  John 

Johnson,  Ole 

Lent,  Charles  C 

Loomis,  Henry 

Luther,  Martin 

Parks,  Samuel 

Parmenter,  Eugene  E.. 
Probstfield,  Justice.... 

Rhodes,  Daniel 

Stone,  William  B 

Wilcox,  James 

Winchell,  George 

Anderson,  Andrew 

Estabrooks,  Daniel 

Severson,  Andrew 

Bloss,  Oscar 

Cottrell,  Almon  H 

Dudley,  Ephraim 

Gish,  Andrew  S 

Grosser,  Charles 

Isaac,  Jonathan 

Jackson,  Thomas  B 

Kenna,  Michael 

Littlefield,  Aug.  W 

Marcile,  Luke 

Palmer,  Azro 

Penrith,  John 

Randall,  Sewall  G 

Rogers,  Geo.  W 

Russell,  James  H 

Sohn,  Ulrick 

Teats,  John  F 

Young,  John 

Daniels,  David 

Dow,  Horace  L 

Healey,  Charles  E 

Magnus,  John 

Rees,  Thomas 

Reuter,  Henry 

Scale,  Thomas 

Sherman,  Francis 

Tuthill,  William  S 

Hogstrom,  Charles  P.. 

Peterson,  John 

Reed,  Jonathan 

Carter,  W.  A 

Nicholson,  Wm 


Rank. 

Co. 

Date  op 
Death. 

No.  OP 
Grave. 

Private 

F 

Feb.  25,1865.. 

2862 

Private 

B 

Mch.  4, 1865.. 

4786 

Private 

B 

Feb.  16,  1865.. 

4787 

Private 

K 

Apr.  23,1865.. 

4785 

Private... 

A 

June  20,1865.. 

3176 

Private 

F 

Mch.  27,1865.. 

3045 

Private 

C 

Nov.  13, 1864.. 

8397 

Private 

K 

May  12, 1864.. 

9541 

Private 

A 

Nov.  14,1864.. 

8404 

Private 

G 

Nov.  26, 1864.. 

8448 

Private 

K 

Jan.  17,  1865.. 

2229 

Private 

C 

June  19,1865.. 

3025 

Private 

K 

Sept.  9, 1862.. 

3660 

Corporal 

K 

Aug.  2,  1863.. 

7855 

Private 

C 

Jan.  14, 1863.. 

5498 

Private 

I 

Sept.  4, 1863.. 

7662 

Private 

H 

Sept.  23,1862.. 

3656 

Private 

J) 

June  10,1862.. 

3685 

Private 

B 

Aug.  17,1863.. 

2565 

Private 

D 

Aug.  12,1862.. 

3662 

Private 

K 

June  9, 1863.. 

7045 

Private 

B 

Sept.  23,1863.. 

7927 

Private 

K 

Oct.  29, 1862.. 

3635 

Private 

K 

Feb.  3,  1864.. 

7503 

Private 

G 

Oct.  30,  1862.. 

3640 

Corporal 

B 

Sept.  2, 1863.. 

7902 

Sergeant 

H 

Oct.  7,  1862.. 

3641 

Private 

E 

Feb.  19, 1863.. 

3655 

Private 

F 

Nov.  29,1863.. 

7467 

Private 

A 

Mch.  9,  1865.. 

568 

Private 

C 

July  15, 1862.. 

202 

Private 

B 

Nov.  25,1864.. 

1277 

Private 

K 

Oct.  5,  1864.. 

1801 

Private 

F 

Oct.  19,  1864.. 

1603 

Private 

I 

Oct.  7,  1864.. 

1625 

Private 

I 

Oct.  7,  1864.. 

1782 

Private 

H 

Oct.  5,  1864.. 

1791 

Private 

I 

Oct.  5,  1864.. 

1785 

Private 

I 

Oct.  21,  1864.. 

1447 

Private 

D 

Oct.  5,  1864.. 

1787 

Private 

H 

Oct.  28,  1864.. 

1493 

Private 

B 

Sept.  18,1864.. 

1794 

Private 

K 

Oct.  15,  1864.. 

1800 

Private 

H 

Oct.  5,  1864.. 

1790 

Corporal  

I 

Oct.  6,  1864.. 

1786 

Private 

A 

Oct.  5,  1864.. 

1803 

Private 

E 

Oct.  5,  1864.. 

1788 

Private 

I 

Oct.  5,  1864.. 

1784 

Private 

I 

Oct.  5,  1864.. 

1783 

Private 

A 

Oct.  5,  1864.. 

1802 

Private 

G 

Jan.  9, 1863.. 

3860 

Private 

F 

Feb.  24, 1863.. 

3847 

Private 

I 

Apl.  24,  1863.. 

3850 

Private 

H 

June  15,1863.. 

3853 

Corporal 

E 

Jan.  20,  1863.. 

3843 

Private 

G 

June  5,  1868.. 

3849 

Wagoner 

C 

Aug.  21, 1863.. 

3738 

Private 

A 

June— ,1863.. 

3851 

Private 

E 

Jan.  13,  1863.. 

3859 

Private 

I 

Sept.  2,  1863.. 

3626 

Private 

A 

Aug.  31,1863.. 

3506 

Private 

I 

Mch.  26,1864.. 

3638 

Private 

F 

Dec.  — , 1864.. 

2514 

Private 

F 

June  23, 1864.. 

9917 

Where  Buried. 


Alexandria,  Va. 

Beaufort,  S.  C. 

Beaufort,  S.  C. 

Beaufort,  S.  C. 

Cave  Hill,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Cave  Hill,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
Cypress  Hill,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

Cypress  Hill,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 
Keokuk,  Iowa. 

Keokuk,  Iowa. 

Knoxville,  Tenn. 
Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Memphis,  Tenn. 
Memphis,  Tenn. 
Memphis,  Tenn. 
Memphis,  Tenn. 

Memphis,  Tenn. 

Memphis,  Tenn. 

Memphis,  Tenn. 
Memphis,  Tenn. 
Memphis,  Tenn. 

Mound  City,  111. 

Mound  City,  111. 

Mound  City,  111. 
Nashville,  Tenn. 
Nashville,  Tenn. 


454 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


List  of  Soldiers  Buried  in  National  Cemeteries.—  Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Date  of 
Death. 

NO.  OF 
Grave. 

Where  Buried. 

Rambeau,  Ralph 

Corporal 

G 

June23,lS64.. 

13614 

Nashville,  TeDn. 

Erickson,  Magnus. 

Private 

K 

Apl.  20, 1865.. 

281 

New  Albany,  Ind, 

Evenson,  Halvor 

Gannup,  Philip. 

Private 

B 

May  19,1865.. 

738 

New  Albany,  Ind. 

Private 

F 

Nov.  27,1864.. 

317 

New  Albany,  Ind. 

K 

D 

Feb.  13, 1865.. 
Dec.  8,  1863.. 

970 

5079 

New  Albany,  Ind. 

Stone  River,  Murfrees- 
boro, Tenn. 

Schofield,  George  S 

Private 

Beedle,  Francis  M 

Corporal 

B 

Aug.  25,1863.. 

2861 

Vicksburg,  Miss. 

c 

Apl.  16,  1863.. 
May  22, 1863.. 
Apl.  24, 1863.. 
Nov.  21,1862.. 

664 

Vicksburg,  Miss. 
Vicksburg,  Miss. 
Vicksburg,  Miss. 
Vicksburg,  Miss. 

I 

4862 

2883 

I) 

Habercrom.Barhart.... 

Private 

F 

7578 

H 

July  20,1863.. 
Aug.  22,1863.. 

2696 

Vicksburg,  Miss. 
Vicksburg,  Miss. 

McCabe, J.J 

Sergeant 

c 

9597 

Scovill,  Martin  L 

Private 

F 

Aug.  24,1863.. 

7222 

Vicksburg,  Miss. 

Sherbrooke,  G.  G 

Lieutenant... 

K 

May  24,1863.. 

4274 

Vicksburg,  Miss. 

K 

May  23,1863.. 
July  5,  1862.. 
Sept.  3,1862.. 
Aug.  18,1862.. 

4738 

Vicksburg,  Miss. 

Allen,  Charles  J 

F 

3703 

c 

2021 

Barber,  Henry  C 

Private 

D 

3568 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Brown,  Charles  H 

Private 

B 

June  26,1862.. 

3554 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Churchill,  Edmund  P. 

Private 

B 

Aug.  12,1862.. 

3663 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Edeburn,  II.  P 

A 

June  28,1862.. 

3556 

G 

July  12, '1862.. 
July  12, 1862.. 

3558 

Corinth,  Miss. 
Corinth,  Miss. 

Hunter,  John  W 

Corporal 

i 

2313 

Jones,  Josiah 

A 

July  22,1862.. 
June  29,1862.. 

3559 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Kenny,  Joseph  E 

Private 

D 

3557 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Lind,  George 

I 

June  14,1862.. 
Aug.  2,1862.. 

2525 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Longworth,  Clement... 

Private 

D 

3560 

Corinth,  Miss. 
Corinth,  Miss. 

Morrison,  James 

Private 

K 

July  23,1852.. 

3693 

I 

July  12,1862.. 
Aug.  19,1862.. 
June23,1862.. 

3708 

Corinth,  Miss. 

B 

3567 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Robbins,  Alfred 

Private 

i 

3555 

Corinthj  Miss. 

K 

July  15,1862.. 
July  8,  1862.. 
June  30,1862.. 

2818 

Corinth,  Miss. 

G 

2311 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Schrauth,  George 

Private 

I 

2306 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Scoville,  Martin  L 

Private 

F 

July  6,  1862.. 

3678 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Stearns,  Justice  C 

Corporal 

F 

July  10,1862.. 

3675 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Swanson,  August 

Corporal 

H 

Aug.  3,1862.. 

3561 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Thompson,  John 

Privale 

B 

Aug.  14,1862.. 

3564 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Washburn,  Orison  H... 

Private 

C 

Aug.  15,1862.. 

3667 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Let  us  gather  the  sweetest  of  flowers  — 

The  violet,  fragrant  and  blue, 

The  fairest  and  stateliest  lilies, 

And  roses  of  loveliest  hue : 

Let  us  twine  them  in  wreaths  and  in  garlands, 
In  cross  and  in  anchor  and  crown; 

And  on  the  low  graves  of  our  comrades 
We  lay  them  in  reverence  down. 

There  Time,  with  the  tenderest  fingers, 

Has  bidden  the  soft  grasses  wave. 

And  the  wild  flowers  blossom  in  beauty 
Above  every  slumberer’s  grave. 

The  robin  sings  there  his  gay  carols  — 

All  voices  of  nature  are  heard, 

And  daily  there  music  upriseth 
From  breeze  and  from  bee  and  from  bird. 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


455 


She  cares  not  if  moss  or  if  marble 
Or  naught  mark  the  place  of  their  rest  — 

On  each  fall  the  tears  of  the  raindrops, 

She  keepeth  each  safe  in  her  breast. 

Her  daisies  unfold  theirjwhite  petals 
Alike  o’er  the  high  and  the  low : 

In  verdure  she  hides  them  in  summer, 

In  winter  she  gives  them  her  snow. 

We  come  with  our  garlands  in  springtime 
To  deck  the  low  mounds  where  they  lie, 

Yet  Nature,  our  mother,  is  kinder, 

For  never  she  passes  them  by! 

We  come  with  our  bands  and  our  music 
But  once,  and  perchance  with  a tear, 

But  the  songs  and  the  sighing  of  Nature 
Never  cease  through  the  circling  year ! 

Our  garlands  will  fade  and  will  wither, 

Hers  blossom  anew  with  the  spring ; 

Our  songs  must  die  out  into  silence, 

Her  anthems  more  joyously  ring ! 

With  those  whose  low  mounds  we’re  adorning 
In  a dreamless  sleep  must  we  share, 

And  the  tender  arms  of  our  mother 
Enfold  us  with  like  loving  care. 

Sound,  music ! with  saddest  of  dirges ! 

Ring,  bugles ! with  softest  of  notes  ! 

And  comrades,  while  gently  their  sighing 
In  sweetest  of  harmony  floats  — 

Come  forth,  with  your  hands  full  of  flowers, 

With  garland,  with  cross,  and  with  crown, 

And  on  the  low  graves  of  our  brothers 
Oh,  lay  them  in  reverence  down  ! 

— Mary  N.  Robinson , in  Good  Housekeeping. 


Members’  Services  in  Other  Commands. 

[ From  “ Minnesota  in  the  Civil  War  and  Indian  War.”] 

JOHN  B.  SANBORN. 

Col.  John  B.  Sanborn  had  been  appointed  brigadier  general 
by  the  President  after  the  battle  of  luka  in  1862,  but  the 
Senate  bad  adjourned  in  the  spring  of  1863  without  having 
taken  any  action  upon  this  appointment,  whereby  it  lapsed. 
Immediately  after  the  surrender  of  Vicksburg,  General  Grant 
had  sent  to  Washington  a list  of  officers  recommended  by  him 
for  promotion  for  services  in  that  campaign.  This  list  in- 
cluded Colonel  Sanborn.  The  promotions  recommended  by 


456 


HISTORY  OR  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


General  Grant  were  all  made  at  once,  except  this  one,  and  the 
commissions  issued  were  received  from  Washington  at  General 
Grant’s  headquarters  on  or  about  the  third  day  of  August,  1863. 
On  this  account  Colonel  Sanborn  at  once  tendered  his  resigna- 
tion as  colonel  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry.  This  resig- 
nation was  accepted  by  General  Grant  and  the  colonel  left  for 
St.  Paul.  But  the  order  of  General  Grant  accepting  the  resig- 
nation was  disapproved  and  revoked  by  the  President,  and  on 
Sept.  12,  1863,  the  President  again  appointed  Colonel  Sanborn 
brigadier  general  of  volunteers,  said  appointment  to  date  and 
he  to  take  rank  from  the  date  of  Aug.  4,  1863,  and  he  re- 
mained in  the  service  through  the  war  and  until  June,  1866. 

Ordered  to  report  by  General  Grant  for  temporary  duty  to 
General  Schofield,  commanding  the  Department  of  Missouri, 
with  assurance  that  he  would  be  brought  back  to  his  old  com- 
mand in  time  to  participate  in  the  contemplated  battle  of  Chat- 
tanooga. Oct.  15,  1863,  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Dis- 
trict of  Southwest  Missouri,  extending  from  the  Osage  to  the 
Arkansas  river,  and  from  Kansas  and  the  Indian  Territory  east- 
ward about  two  hundred  miles,  with  headquarters  at  Spring- 
field,  Mo.  Engaged  in  constant  operations  resisting  rebel 
incursions,  attacking  and  driving  out  organized  bands  of  guer- 
rillas and  other  Confederate  forces  and  restoring  the  functions 
of  the  civil  law,  to  June  7,  1865. 

Sept.  4 to  Oct.  30,  1864,  commanding  a brigade  and  division 
of  cavalry  in  the  field  against  the  rebel  army  under  command 
of  Gen.  Sterling  Price.  Repulsed  the  attack  of  the  rebel  army 
on  Jefferson  City,  Oct.  7, 1864.  With  a division  of  cavalry  and 
only  general  officer  present,  attacked  and  drove  the  rebel  forces 
under  Gen.  Sterling  Price  and  six  general  officers,  at  Vin- 
cennes and  California  Station,  Oct.  9 and  10,  1864,  and  at  Tip- 
ton  and  Booneville,  Oct.  10  and  11, 1864.  October  11th  to  21st, 
maneuvering  with  his  division  of  cavalry  composed  of  about 
ten  thousand  men,  against  the  rebel  army  composed  of  about 
twenty-two  thousand  men  and  several  general  officers,  viz.: 
Generals  Price,  Cabell,  Shelby,  Marmaduke,  Fagan,  Thompson, 
etc.,  to  prevent  the  escape  of  said  army  south  without  a battle 
with  A.  J.  Smith’s  corps,  now  moving  up  the  Missouri  to  at- 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  YOLUNTEERS. 


457 


tack  and  destroy  this  force,  or  west  without  a battle  with  his  di- 
vision and  the  Kansas  forces  combined,  or  north  of  the  Missouri 
under  any  circumstances.  This  was  a most  severe  and  trying 
service,  and  without  results  that  were  visible  to  the  enlisted  men 
or  subordinate  officers. 

It  was  decided  at  noon  of  the  twenty-first  of  October,  in  a 
consultation  between  General  Sanborn  and  General  Pleasanton, 
who  came  on  to  the  field  and  took  command  of  the  division, — 
General  Sanborn  now  taking  his  brigade,  October  19th, — that 
the  attempt  to  get  an  engagement  between  the  corps  of  infan- 
try and  the  rebel  army  was  hopeless  and  should  be  abandoned, 
and  that  the  cavalry  should  be  thrown  forward  at  a gallop  with 
orders  to  the  colonels  commanding  brigades  and  regiments 
(for  the  first  time  after  the  skirmish  at  Booneville)  on  the  elev- 
enth of  October,  to  force  the  rebel  army  to  form  in  line  of  battle 
and  to  bring  on  an  engagement  at  once.  General  Sanborn 
with  his  brigade  had  the  advance  and  moved  rapidly,  and  he 
brought  on  the  battle  of  Independence  on  the  twenty-second  of 
October,  wherein  the  cavalry  made  a saber  charge  and  captured 
some  four  hundred  prisoners  and  a section  of  artillery.  This 
engagement  was  renewed  early  next  morning  at  the  Big  Blue 
and  Westport,  where  Colonel  Winslow,  commanding  the  bri- 
gade from  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  was  wounded  early  in  the 
morning,  and  where  our  losses  were  heavy  for  a cavalry  en- 
gagement, and  our  victory  complete  so  far  as  occupying  the 
rebel  position  was  concerned,  but  without  prisoners  or  guns. 

General  Sanborn’s  command  had  now  been  maneuvering 
and  fighting  constantly  from  October  5th  to  October  25th,  a 
period  of  twenty  days,  and  both  horses  and  men  were  badly 
exhausted.  The  troops  from  Kansas  under  General  Curtis, 
with  Generals  Blunt  and  Lane,  had  come  upon  the  field.  Gen- 
eral Curtis  desired  to  take  the  advance  on  the  morning  of  the 
twenty-fifth  and  afford  all  the  relief  he  could  to  the  Missouri 
division.  He  did  so,  and  a rapid  march  was  made  during  the 
entire  day  down  the  Missouri  border  to  within  about  six  miles 
of  the  Marais  des  Cygnes  river.  The  men  had  neither  rations 
nor  water  during  the  entire  day,  and  it  was  after  dark  when 
General  Sanborn,  who  had  the  rear,  came  up.  General  Curtis’ 


458 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


command  had  gone  into  camp  for  the  night  at  the  old  trading 
post.  The  day’s  march  had  been  without  any  fruit,  and  upon 
reporting  to  the  general  officers, four  in  number, Generals  Cur- 
tis, Pleasanton,  Blunt  and  Lane,  who  were  all  in  one  carriage, 
General  Sanborn  stated  that  he  desired  to  go  on  until  he  either 
struck  the  rebel  army  or  the  Marais  des  Cygnes  river,  reported 
to  be  six  miles  in  advance.  General  Pleasanton,  who  was  sick 
and  exhausted,  assented  to  this  and  ordered  the  whole  division 
to  go  forward  under  Sanborn.  The  march  was  continued  until 
the  fire  of  the  rebel  pickets,  for  nearly  one  mile  in  length,  was 
drawn,  near  midnight.  A battery  was  brought  forward  and 
placed  in  position,  a line  of  battle  formed  of  General  Sanborn’s 
brigade,  and  orders  given  to  the  colonels  to  have  the  men  stand 
to  horse  ready  for  action  at  a moment’s  notice;  and  if  no  attack 
was  made  during  the  night  to  have  every  sixth  man  hold  horses 
in  the  morning,  and  at  the  opening  of  fire  by  the  battery  to 
advance  dismounted  upon  the  rebel  pickets  and  battery  cover- 
ing the  road  leading  south  between  two  high  mounds.  The 
position  appeared  so  impregnable  that  some  of  the  colonels, 
upon  receiving  the  orders  from  the  general  personally,  shook 
hands  and  bade  him  “good-by.”  The  night  was  stormy  and 
as  dark  as  possible;  at  the  first  gleam  of  morninglight  the  bat- 
tery opened  fire  and  the  four  regiments  of  cavalry,  dismounted, 
advanced  up  these  slopes;  the  fire  from  the  enemy  was  very 
sharp  from  musketry  and  artillery;  the  positions,  however, 
were  carried  with  slight  loss,  and  one  gun  was  captured.  Gen- 
eral Sanborn  moved  forward  with  the  whole  division  imme- 
diately, driving  the  rebels  from  their  camp,  in  which  they  left 
their  entire  breakfast,  some  cooked  and  some  half  cooked,  with 
several  hundred  cattle  and  thousands  of  sheep,  and  pressed  on 
through  the  woods  on  the  south  side  of  the  Marais  des  Cygnes 
river,  emerging  from  which  he  came  upon  a very  formidable 
line  of  the  enemy. 

The  battle  had  aroused  the  entire  command.  General  Pleas- 
anton came  upon  the  field  soon  after  the  first  assault  was  made 
and  the  position  carried.  Upon  going  back  to  the  point  where 
he  had  crossed  the  Marais  des  Cygnes  in  person  to  bring  for- 
ward more  troops,  General  Sanborn  met  General  Pleasanton 


1865]  MINNESOTA  INEANTRY  VOLUNTEERS.  459 

engaged  with  men  removing  the  abatis  from  the  roads  which 
the  rebels  had  felled  so  that  the  cavalry  could  not  pass.  Upon 
being  advised  of  the  situation,  General  Pleasanton  directed  the 
general  to  take  command  and  said  he  was  doing  all  he  could  to 
get  the  other  two  brigades  of  cavalry  forward  and  that  they 
would  come  forward  at  once  upon  a trot.  They  did  so,  and  as 
they  emerged  from  the  woods  General  Sanborn  gave  directions 
to  Colonel  Phillips  and  Colonel  Benteen  to  pursue  the  enemy 
upon  a trot,  one  brigade  upon  one  side  of  the  road  and  the 
other  upon  the  other,  until  the  enemy  was  compelled  to  form  in 
line,  and  to  charge  the  enemy  at  once  should  he  attempt  to 
form.  This  order  was  obeyed  with  the  utmost  vigor,  and 
within  an  hour  these  brigades  had  captured  seven  guns  and 
eight  hundred  prisoners,  with  Generals  Marmaduke  and  Cabell. 
This  was  the  battle  of  Mine  Creek  and  resulted  wholly  from 
General  Sanborn’s  persistency  during  the  night  and  early  morn- 
ing, and  without  this  the  results  of  that  campaign  would  have 
been  insrlorious  to  the  United  States. 

o 

From  this  time  on  the  destruction  of  the  wagons  and  property 
by  the  rebel  army  and  the  surrender  of  prisoners  was  incessant, 
and  their  rout  was  complete,  although  at  the  crossing  of  the 
Little  Osage  another  apparent  stand  was  made.  General  Cur- 
tis and  the  Kansas  troops  had  again  demanded  and  taken  the 
front.  The  brigade  of  General  Sanborn,  which  had  been  on 
duty  all  the  night  previous  and  made  the  attacks  in  the  morn- 
ing, was  much  jaded  and  quite  a distance  in  the  rear.  Aids-de- 
camp  at  once  brought  orders  to  General  Sanborn  to  come  for- 
ward with  his  command  and  attack  the  rebel  position.  The 
rebels  were  apparently  formed  in  a dense  thicket,  from  which  a 
rapid  fire  was  poured  into  our  ranks.  Immediately  upon 
coming  up  with  his  command,  General  Sanborn  formed 
it  in  line  of  battle  behind  a low  crest,  and  as  soon  as 
formed  ordered  a charge  on  the  gallop  into  and  through 
the  woods  and  led  off  his  brigade,  Colonel  Phelps  of  the 
Second  Arkansas  leading  all  other  colonels  in  the  charge;  but 
all  the  colonels  did  splendidly.  The  rebels  at  once  gave  way, 
and  although  the  nerves  of  the  men  were  severely  tried  the  loss 
to  the  command  was  slight.  The  Kansas  troops  again  took 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


460 


[1865 


the  lead  and  retained  it  until  they  brought  on  the  engagement 
at  Newtonia  two  days  afterward. 

General  Sanborn’s  brigade  was  compelled  to  stop  one  day  at 
Fort  Scott  and  shoe  the  horses  aud  obtain  shoes  and  clothing 
for  the  men.  This  accomplished,  the  general  moved  at  four 
o’clock  on  the  morning  of  the  following  day,  and  with  the  ex- 
ception of  a rest  of  two  hours,  from  eleven  to  one  o’clock  on 
the  following  night,  marched  constantly  until  five  o’clock  the 
following  afternoon,  when  he  came  upon  the  battlefield  of  New- 
tonia,  about  one  hundred  and  four  miles  distant,  where  the  Kan- 
sas forces  were  engaged  with  the  whole  rebel  army,  and  had 
suffered  so  severely  that  they  were  about  ready  to  abandon 
their  line,  the  rebel  army  appearing  on  both  flanks  and  the 
Federal  troops  straggling  desperately  from  the  centre.  Al- 
though the  horses  of  the  brigade  were  so  jaded  that  they 
could  not  be  made  to  move  out  of  a walk,  General  Sanborn 
immediately  got  his  brigade  into  position  on  foot,  although 
under  a heavy  fire,  in  which  he  lost  some  staff  officers,  wounded 
while  sitting  by  his  side,  and  with  the  brigade  dismounted 
attacked  the  rebel  right  with  such  vigor  that  the  whole  force 
immediately  gave  way,  and  several  thousand  prisoners  were 
captured  on  that  and  a few  succeeding  days. 

Assigned  to  the  command  of  the  District  of  the  Upper  Ar- 
kansas, headquarters  at  Fort  Riley,  July  12,  1865,  to  Nov.  8, 
1865.  Made  a campaign  in  the  field  against  the  Comanche, 
Kiowa,  Cheyenne,  Arrapahoe  and  Apache  Indians  of  the  up- 
per Arkansas.  Opened  mail  communication  by  the  Smoky 
Hill  route  to  Denver,  and  by  the  Arkansas  and  Cimmaron 
routes  to  Sante  Fe,  August  and  September,  1865.  Campaign 
terminated  with  the  treaty  of  peace  made  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Little  Arkansas,  Oct.  20,  1865.  Assigned  to  the  duty  of  ad- 
justing the  relations  between  the  slave-holding  tribes  of  Indians 
and  their  former  slaves,  Nov.  1,  1865,  to  May  1,  1866.  Ad- 
justed all  these  relations  without  loss  to  the  government,  and 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Indians,  the  slaves  and  the  government. 


JOHN  E.  TOURTELLOTTE. 

John  E.  Tourtellotte,  colonel,  in  regular  army;  resigned 
June  21,  1865,  because  of  disability;  captain  Twenty-eighth 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTEY  VOLUNTEEBS. 


461 


United  States  Infantry  July  28,  1866;  assigned  to  Seventh 
Cavalry  Dec.  13,  1870;  appointed  aid-de-camp  (with  rank  of 
colonel)  to  the  general  of  the  army  Jan.  1,  1871,  and  continued 
on  that  duty  until  Feb.  9,  1884;  was  made  major  of  Seventh 
Cavalry  Sept.  22,  1883,  and  was  retired  for  disability  March 
20,  1885. 

THOMAS  B.  HUNT. 

Captain;  assistant  quartermaster;  present  at  siege  of  Corinth; 
chief  quartermaster  District  of  Iowa,  at  Davenport,  July  4, 
1863,  to  August,  1864 ; military  harbor-master,  and  in  charge 
of  steamboat  claims  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  September,  1864,  to 
February,  1865;  depot  quartermaster  at  Cincinnati,  Feb. 
25,  1865,  to  August,  1867;  captain;  assistant  quartermaster 
United  States  Army,  Jan.  16,  1867;  brevet  major  and 
lieutenant  colonel  United  States  Volunteers  July  28,  1865, 
“tor  meritorious  services  in  his  department;”  brevet  major 
and  lieutenant  colonel  United  States  Army  March  2,  1867, 
for  “faithful  and  meritorious  services  in  the  quartermaster’s 
department  during  the  war;”  retired  Feb.  20,  1885,  for  “dis- 
ability in  the  line  of  duty.  ” 

WILLIAM  TILDEN  KITTREDGE. 

Captain;  assistant  adjutant  general  June  30,  1864;  served 
on  staff  of  Bvt.  Maj.  Gen.  John  B.  Sanborn,  District  of  South- 
west Missouri;  in  actions  at  Jefferson  City,  California,  Little 
Blue,  Independence,  Marias  des  Cygnes  and  Newtonia;  after- 
ward on  duty  at  Fort  Riley,  Kan.;  also,  in  expedition  against 
Sioux  Indians;  brevet  major  for  “faithful  and  meritorious 
services  during  the  war;”  mustered  out  Dec.  20, 1865. 

PROMOTED  AS  OFFICERS  IN  THE  MISSISSIPPI  MARINE  BRIGADE. 

Francesco  V.  De  Coster  of  Company  D,  promoted  on  Jan. 
1,  1863,  to  captain  Company  D,  cavalry,  Mississippi  Marine 
Brigade;  finally  mustered  out  in  August,  1864. 

Frank  W.  Hanscom  of  Company  B,  promoted  Feb.  19, 
1863,  to  first  lieutenant  Mississippi  Marine  Brigade;  dis- 
charged in  August,  1863. 


462 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


WILSON  THOMAS  PERRY. 

Captain;  assistant  quartermaster;  private  Fourth  Minnesota 
Infantry  Oct.  25,  1861;  commissary  sergeant  Dec.  4,  1861; 
first  lieutenant  and  regimental  quartermaster  Forty-ninth 
United  States  Colored  Infantry  April  23,  1863;  in  siege  of 
Corinth  (with  Fourth  Minnesota),  battles  of  Iuka  and  Corinth, 
Yazoo  Pass  expedition  and  siege  of  Vicksburg;  in  battle  at 
Milliken’s  Bend,  La.,  June  7,  1863  (with  Forty-ninth  United 
States  Colored  Infantry);  promoted  captain;  assistant  quarter- 
master April  4,  1864,  and  in  summer  of  1864  placed  in 
charge  of  field  hospital  for  Army  of  the  Tennessee  at  Marietta, 
Ga.;  during  siege  of  Atlanta,  autumn  of  1864,  appointed  chief 
quartermaster  Fourth  Division,  Seventeenth  Corps,  Army  of 
the  Tennessee,  this  continuing  during  Sherman’s  march 
through  Georgia  and  from  Savannah  through  the  Carolinas; 
detailed  on  special  service  while  the  army  was  in  North  Caro- 
lina; June,  1865,  placed  in  charge  of  army  trains  to  take  them 
to  Fort  Leavenworth;  September,  1865,  post  quartermaster  at 
Camp  Wardell,  Colo.,  afterward  Fort  Morgan,  spring  of 
1866;  chief  quartermaster  for  Colorado  at  Denver,  Aug.  21, 
1866;  at  his  request,  mustered  out  of  service;  major  by  brevet 
May  25,  1866,  for  meritorious  conduct  during  the  war. 

ALONZO  L.  BROWN. 

I was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  by  order  of  President 
Lincoln  on  July  20,  1863,  to  rank  as  such  from  May  8,  1863; 
mustered  into  the  Twelfth  Regiment  of  Louisiana  Infantry 
Volunteers  of  African  Descent,  afterward  numbered  the  Fiftieth 
United  States  Colored  Infantry,  on  July  24, 1863,  at  Vicksburg, 
Miss.,  and  helped  to  organize.  Company  E,in  which  company 
I served;  was  discharged  from  the  Fourth  Regiment  on  July 
30,  1863;  promoted  to  captain  same  company,  to  rank  from 
Oct.  21,  1864,  and  mustered  in  on  Nov.  3,  1864. 

Previous  to  the  campaign  of  Mobile  served  at  Vicksburg 
and  Haynes’  Bluff,  doing  garrison  duty  and  occasionally  on 
scouting  expeditions  into  the  surrounding  country.  On  Sunday, 
July  10,  1864,  the  regiment  and  five  other  regiments  of  Haw- 


Alonzo  L.  Brown. 


1865]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS.  463 

kins’  division  of  colored  troops  and  the  Seventy-second  Illinois, 
Fifty-eighth  Ohio,  two  batteries  of  light  artillery  and  some 
cavalry  left  Vicksburg  on  an  expedition.  Maj.  Geu.  H.  W. 
Slocum  had  command  of  the  force.  Brig.  Gen.  John  P.  Haw- 
kins and  Colonel  Ellet  of  the  Marine  Brigade  accompanied  it. 
Camped  that  night  on  the  Big  Black  river.  Crossed  the  stream 
on  the  eleventh  on  a pontoon  bridge  and  camped  that  night  on 
Baker’s  creek,  below  Edward’s  Depot.  The  day’s  march  was 
the  worst  the  writer  ever  experienced.  Many  of  the  men 
were  sunstruck,  myself  among  the  number.  Crossed  the 
creek  the  twelfth.  On  the  thirteenth  passed  through  Cayuga 
and  camped  at  Rocky  Springs.  On  the  fourteenth  marched 
eighteen  miles.  Crossed  the  little  Bayou  Pierre  on  the  iron 
bridge  and  camped  near  to  Port  Gibson.  On  the  fifteenth 
went  to  Grand  Gulf.  At  daylight  of  the  seventeenth  the 
rebels  attacked  us,  and  after  a short  engagement,  in  which 
they  lost  thirty-four  in  killed,  they  were  repulsed.  At  midnight 
of  the  seventeenth  embarked  on  the  boats  of  the  Marine  Bri- 
gade and  proceeded  to  Vicksburg. 

The  campaign  against  Mobile  was  undertaken  during  the 
winter  and  spring  of  1865.  Our  regiment  left  Vicksburg 
with  General  Hawkins’  division  on  Feb.  9,  1865.  Proceeded 
to  Algiers,  La.,  across  the  river  from  Hew  Orleans,  and  thence 
to  Barrancas,  Fla.,  arriving  on  February  29th.  On  the  nine- 
teenth of  March  left  the  latter  place  with  the  column  com- 
manded by  Maj.  Gen.  Frederick  Steele,  marched  north  through 
Pensacola,  up  through  Florida  and  southern  Alabama,  where 
for  several  days  the  troops  lived  on  corn  in  the  ear,  and  on 
April  1st  arrived  outside  the  enemy’s  line  of  works  at  Blakelju 

The  Last  Battle  and  Capture  op  French’s  Division. 

After  the  army  corps  under  the  command  of  Maj.  Gen.  A. 
J.  Smith  returned  from  the  Red  river  expedition,  it  operated 
in  northern  Mississippi  and  also  assisted  General  Rosecrans  in 
driving  Price  out  of  Missouri.  It  then  moved  toHashville  and 
was  engaged  in  the  two  days’  battle,  December  15tli  and 
16th,  and  pursuit  of  Hood’s  army,  and  early  in  February, 


464 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


1865,  were  a,t  Eastport,Miss.,on  the  Tennessee  river.  General 
Grant  sent  orders  for  this  corps  to  move  around  by  water  and 
report  to  General  Canby  at  New  Orleans.  The  corps  left  East- 
port  on  the  seventh  of  February  and  arrived  near  New  Orleans 
on  the  twenty -first,  and  at  Fort  Gaines  (at  mouth  of  Mo- 
bile bay)  March  7th.  It  moved  on  transports  across  the  Mo- 
bile bay  and  landed  on  the  north  shore  of  Fish  river  March 
20th,  21st  and  22d,  and  marched  north  from  that  point  with  the 
Thirteenth  Corps  to  the  investment  and  siege  of  Spanish  Fort 
and  Blakely. 

French’s  division,  after  Hood’s  defeat  at  Nashville,  was  in 
command  of  Brig.  Gen.  Francis  M.  Cockrell  [formerly  colonel 
of  the  Second  Missouri  Confederate  Infantry  and  for  several 
recent  years  member  of  Congress  from  that  state. — Ed.],  moved 
to  the  defense  of  Mobile  and  was  stationed  across  the  bay, 
about  ten  miles  from  the  city,  on  the  east  side,  to  defend 
Spanish  Fort  and  the  works,  five  miles  above,  at  Blakely. 
Ector’s  brigade  was  commanded  by  Col.  J.  A.  Andrews  of 
Texas,  and  with  the  brigades  of  Generals  Gibson  and  Holtz- 
claw  (old  veterans)  and  Colonel  Thomas’  Alabama  reserves, 
defended  Spanish  Fort,  while  the  other  two  brigades  of 
French’s  division  (Gates’,  formerly  Cockrell’s,  and  Barry’s, 
formerly  Sear’s)  occupied  the  works  at  Blakely,  which  con- 
sisted of  nine  redoubts  joined  by  earthworks  and  stockades, 
about  three  miles  in  length,  and  armed  with  about  forty  pieces 
of  artillery.  Spanish  Fort  was  assaulted  by  a part  of  the 
Sixteenth  Corps  under  Maj.  Gen.  A.  J.  Smith  and  a part  of 
the  Thirteenth  Corps  under  Maj.  Gen.  Gordon  Granger  and 
captured  on  the  night  of  April  8,  1865,  and  on  the  ninth  about 
5:00  p.  m.  the  troops  investing  the  works  at  Blakely  assaulted 
the  lines  and  carried  them  very  handsomely,  capturing  the 
entire  garrison.  The  assaulting  troops  from  right  to  left 
of  our  line  at  Blakely  were  as  follows:  Brig.  Gen.  John 
P.  Hawkins’  division  of  colored  troops,  which  had  moved 
around  from  Vicksburg  and  other  points  on  the  Mississippi 
river,  consisting  of  three  brigades,  and  the  following  named 
regiments:  Colonel  Drew’s  brigade  on  right,  Sixty-eighth, 

Forty-eighth,  Seventy-sixth;  Col.  Hiram  Scofield’s  Forty- 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


465 


seventh,  Fiftieth,  Fifty-first;  Brig.  Gen.  Wm.  A.  Pile’s 
Twenty -fifth,  Seventy-third,  Eighty-second,  Eighty-sixth.  On 
their  left  was  the  Second  Division  of  the  Thirteenth  Corps, 
commanded  by  Bvt.  Maj.  Gen.  C.  C.  Andrews,  and  on  his  left 
the  divisions  of  Veatch  of  the  Thirteenth  and  Garrard  of  the 
Sixteenth  Army  Corps.  McArthur’s  division  was  in  the  Six- 
teenth Corps  at  Spanish  Fort,  and  in  it  our  old  friends  and  neigh- 
bors, the  Seventy-second  and  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fourth 
Illinois.  The  Second  Brigade  of  that  division  ivas  in  com- 
mand of  Col.  L.  F.  Hubbard  of  the  Fifth  Minnesota;  the 
Third  Brigade  in  command  of  Col.  W.  II.  Marshall  of  the 
Seventh  Minnesota,  and  the  following  Minnesota  regiments  of 
infantry:  the  Fifth,  Seventh,  Ninth  and  Tenth,  all  doing  noble 
service  in  the  siege,  while  during  the  same  time  the  Sixth  Min- 
nesota Infantry,  in  command  of  Lieut.  Col.  H.  P.  Grant,  occu- 
pied a prominent  place  in  Gilbert’s  brigade  of  Garrard’s  division, 
Sixteenth  Army  Corps,  at  Blakely.  Minnesota  had  indeed  called 
for  French’s  division.  But,  as  it  would  not  seem  to  be  ac- 
cording to  the  “eternal  fitness  of  things”  to  chronicle  the  exit 
of  French’s  division  from  the  drama  of  the  war,  and  with  the 
setting  sun  on  the  ninth  of  April,  1865  (the  day  of  Lee’s  sur- 
render), ring  down  the  curtain  without  a representative  of  the 
old  Fourth  Minnesota  being  present  to  assist  at  the  obsequies, 
I had  the  honor  to  represent  her  on  that  occasion. 

The  following  named  officers  of  the  Fiftieth  United  States, 
in  Hawkins’  division,  who  came  from  the  Fourth  Minnesota  In- 
fantry, Lieut.  Col.  R.  S.  Donaldson,  Capt.  E.  M.  Broughton 
and  Lieuts.  J.  A.  Davis,  Robert  P.  Miller  and  Joseph  Meyer, 
had  previous  to  this  time  resigned  or  left  that  regiment  except 
the  writer,  who,  as  captain  of  Company  E,  led  his  men  over  the 
works  in  the  assault  at  redoubt  No.  1,  on  the  right  of  the  line, 
and  assisted  in  capturing  the  Thirty-ninth  Mississippi  Infantry 
and  Maj.  R.  J.  Durr,  then  in  command  of  it.  I did  not  know 
at  that  time  that  Major  Durr  and  part  of  his  regiment  with  its 
flag  had  the  previous  October  been  captured  at  Allatoona  by 
our  old  regiment,  the  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry.  As  a keep- 
sake I preserved  an  official  paper  picked  up  at  headquarters, 
and  have  retained  it  up  to  the  present  time.  In  writing  these 
30 


466 


HISTOEY  OF  THE  FOUKTH  BEGIMENT 


[1865 


records  I concluded  to  examine  the  trophy,  which  had  not  been 
looked  at  for  fifteen  years,  and  see  what  it  was,  and  was  sur- 
prised to  find  the  sheet  of  brown  paper  was  written  at  the 
headquarters  of  the  Thirty-ninth  Mississippi  Infantry  by  Maj. 
R.  J.  Durr  commanding,  April  4,  1865,  sent  to  headquarters 
of  General  Cockrell,  and  bore  the  indorsement  of  his  division 
headquarters,  April  8,  1865. 

Our  colored  troops  fought  as  bravely  as  men  could.  I did 
not  see  a man  in  the  whole  division  running  to  the  rear.  In 
the  assault  we  passed  over  a line  of  torpedoes  and  other  ob- 
structions. 

Our  army  took  possession  of  Mobile  on  the  twelfth.  On  the 
thirteenth  Maj.  Gen.  A.  J.  Smith’s  corps  marched  from  Blakely 
for  Montgomery,  and  on  the  twenty-fifth  received  the  surren- 
der of  that  city,  the  first  capital  of  the  Confederacy.  Hawkins’ 
division  embarked  on  steamboats  and  proceeded  from  Blakely 
to  Montgomery.  As  we  were  embarking  we  received  the  in- 
telligence of  the  assassination  of  President  Lincoln,  and  the  of- 
ficers of  the  brigade  at  once  held  a meeting  in  the  cabin  of  the 
boat.  Speeches  were  made  denouncing  “ the  deep  damnation 
of  his  taking  oft',’’  and  “one  and  all  expressed  themselves  as  in 
favor  of  cleaning  out  the  country  hereafter  as  we  marched 
through  it,  and  make  it  a howling  wilderness.”  We  arrived  at 
Montgomery  on  April  30th  and  on  May  9tli  marched  from  that 
city  to  a point  about  fifty  miles  below  Catawba,  where  we  em- 
barked, and  proceeding  to  Mobile  established  our  camp  at  the 
racecourse  on  the  shell  road  near  that  city. 

As  we  were  marching  through  a street  of  Montgomery,  in 
leaving  that  city  an  old  colored  woman,  on  seeing  the  colored 
soldiers,  was  so  filled  with  joy  that  she  dropped  on  her  knees 
on  the  sidewalk,  raised  her  clasped  hands  above  her  head  and 
with  upturned  eyes  said:  “Oh!  bress  cle  Lord  dat  I hab 

libbed  to  see  dis  day!” 

On  May  23d  the  writer  received  General  Orders,  No.  58, 
from  headquarters  of  Maj.  Gen.  E.  R.  S.  Canby  of  May  9, 
1865,  assigning  him  to  duty  in  the  Freedmen’s  Bureau.  Re- 
ported to  Thomas  W.  Conway  (Conway  had  been  a brigadier 
general  in  our  army),  general  superintendent  of  freedmen 


1865] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


467 


at  Montgomery,  on  May  29th,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  as 
acting  assistant  quartermaster  of  freedmen  for  Montgomery 
and  vicinity.  Served  as  such  until  July  31st,  when  assigned 
to  duty  as  assistant  superintendent  of  freedmen,  in  charge  of 
southern  district  of  Alabama,  with  headquarters  at  Greenville. 
On  August  3d  was  assigned  to  duty  by  Special  Orders,  No. 
411,  from  Secretary  of  War,  in  the  Bureau  of  Refugees,  Freed- 
men and  Abandoned  Lands,  and  ordered  to  report  to  Brig. 
Gen.  Wager  Swayne,  assistant  commissioner  for  Alabama,  for 
duty.  Remained  at  Greenville  on  duty  until  December  13th, 
at  which  time  was  ordered  to  Tuscaloosa  as  superintendent 
of  freedmen.  Proceeded  there,  organized  the  bureau,  placing 
Captain  Cogswell  of  the  Thirty-fourth  New  Jersey  in  charge, 
and  then  returned  to  Montgomery  and  served  as  aid  to 
General  Swayne.  The  bureau  in  that  state  was  without  funds. 
Swayne  proceeded  to  Washington,  and  on  Nov.  11,  1865, 
procured  from  President  Johnson  an  executive  order 
which  directed  all  civil  and  military  officers  of  the  United 
States  in  Alabama  to  turn  over  to  General  Swayne  all  prop- 
erty and  funds  derived  from  the  sale  of  the  same,  which  had 
not  been  finally  paid  into  the  treasury  of  the  United  States. 

I proceeded,  under  his  order,  to  Selma,  to  sell  the  remains  of 
the  destroyed  rebel  arsenal  and  foundry  at  that  place.  Found 
a large  quantity  of  material,  consisting  of  great  cannon  in  all 
stages  of  completion.  Some  wTere  on  the  lathes,  in  process  of 
being  bored  or  turned,  and  some  still  in  the  moulds,  which 
were  deep  holes  in  the  ground,  bricked  up.  There  wTere  also 
huge  iron  rollers  for  making  railroad  iron,  and  a great  trip- 
hammer; also,  cranes  for  handling  immense  weights.  The 
property  had  been  captured  and  the  buildings  burned  by  the 
cavalry  expedition  under  Maj.  Gen.  J.  H.  Wilson,  on  April 
2,  1865,  at  the  time  his  army  captured  Selma.  Found  it  im- 
possible to  sell  the  old  iron  (and  presume  it  is  still  there).  I 
found  no  other  property  in  the  state,  except  tax-in-kind  ware- 
houses and  hospital  buildings,  a few  of  which  were  sold.  The 
citizens  had  appropriated  all  of  the  personal  property.  On 
Feb.  10,  1866,  was  sent  to  the  headquarters  of  Maj.  Gen. 
George  H.  Thomas,  at  Nashville,  and  procured  an  order  from 


468 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1865 


him  on  the  quartermaster  at  Chattanooga  for  two  carloads  of 
rations,  one  of  which  was  taken  down  the  Wills  Valley  railroad, 
which  runs  on  the  north  side  of  Lookout  Mountain  to  Tren- 
ton, its  terminus,  and  there  delivered  to  the  officials  of  De 
Kalb  county.  The  other  went  to  Kingston,  aud  thence  to 
Rome,  at  which  place  it  went  by  boat  to  Centre,  and  was 
delivered  to  the  officers  of  Cherokee  county.  These  supplies 
were  given  to  the  people  of  these  two  counties  in  Alabama, 
some  of  whom  were  on  the  verge  of  starvation.  While  at 
Rome  I met  Comrade  William  R.  Gillman  of  Company  I, 
our  old  regiment,  who  was  part  owner  of  a drug  store  there. 
Served  as  aid  to  General  Swayne  until  March  2d,  when  I 
proceeded,  under  orders,  to  Vicksburg,  and  while  there,  on 
March  20,  1866,  was  mustered  out  with  my  company  and 
regiment,  and  received  my  discharge,  after  having  served  con- 
tinuously within  a few  days  of  four  and  a half  years. 


ROSTER  AND  FINAE  RECORD  OF  THE  REGIMENT. 
Rostkk  of  Field  and  Staff. 


1861-’92]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


469 


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556 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861-’ 92 


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l861-’92]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


557 


REUNIONS  SINCE  THE  WAR. 


[We  have  no  written  account  of  the  proceedings  of  the  first  two  annual  reunions.  One  was 
held  at  Ingersoll’s  Hall  and  one  at  the  German. — Ed.] 


Proceedings  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota  Veteran  Volunteer 
Infantry  Association,  at  Camp  Beath,  Minneapolis, 
Third  Annual  Reunion,  July  22,  1884. 


J.  C.  Edson,  President;  Thos.  H.  Reeves,  Secretary;  John  B. 
Sanborn,  Major  General,  St.  Paul;  J.  C.  Edson,  Colonel, 
Glencoe;  Dr.  J.  II.  Murphy,  Surgeon,  St.  Paul; 

Capt.  W.  W.  Rich,  Adjutant,  Minneapolis. 


Members  are  requested  to  send  the  secretary  the  names  and 
residences  of  any  surviving  members  of  the  regiment  whose 
names  do  not  appear  on  the  list. 

In  pursuance  of  notice  given  in  the  daily  papers,  those  who 
were  members  of  the  late  Fourth  Minnesota  Veteran  Volunteer 
Infantry  met  at  Camp  Beath,  the  national  encampment  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  held  in  Minneapolis  on  this  date. 

Moved,  That  we  proceed  to  business  and  organization.  Car- 
ried. 

It  was  moved  that  J.  C.  Edson,  late  colonel,  he  nominated 
president.  Capt.  A.  W.  White  was  also  nominated.  Tellers 
were  appointed  and  Colonel  Edson  declared  duly  elected. 

Thos.  H.  Reeves  was  elected  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  was 
instructed  to  give  notice  to  Capt.  Thomas  P.  Wilson  of  St.  Paul 
to  deliver  to  the  new  treasurer  any  funds  he  may  have  in  his 
possession  belonging  to  the  former  organization. 

Moved,  That  a committee  of  seven  be  appointed;  that  said 
committee  have  power  to  call  a meeting  in  conjunction  with 
the  officers  of  the  association.  Carried. 


558 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861-’92 


Motion  was  made  by  Comrade  Kimball  to  prepare  a roster 
of  the  killed  and  wounded,  and  a list  of  all  battles  participated 
in  by  the  regiment.  Carried. 

Adjourned. 

Following  is  a list  of  members  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota 
Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry,  assembled  at  the  National  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic  Camp,  at  Camp  Beath,  July  22,  1884. 
President,  J.  C.  Edson,  late  colonel  of  regiment;  secretary, 
Thomas  FI.  Reeves,  sergeant  Company  C. 

Company  A — Minnesota.  — A.  W.  Barker,  Chaska;  Capt. 
R.  B.  Young,  Excelsior;  0.  0.  Jaquith,  Excelsior;  L.  J.  Lee, 
505  Dayton  avenue, St.  Paul;  John  Van Buren,Le Sueur  Centre; 

I.  N.  Dean,  Blakeley;  F.  A.  Ward,  Blakeley;  John  Johnson, 
Carver;  T.  M.  Young,  Minneapolis;  J.  S.  Beatty,  Anoka;  P.  D. 
Anderson,  Waconia;  John  D.  Gregory,  Flamilton;  Sydney 
Smith,  Cameron, Clinton  county,  Missouri;  Capt.  E.  U.  Russell, 
Man  dan,  N.  D. 

Company  B — Minnesota.  — F.  E.  Ford,  Glencoe;  J.  W. 
Dunn,  Jackson;  Josiali  Armes,  Le  Roy;  J.  F.  Withee,  Glen- 
coe; A.  L.  Brown,  Brownton;  Wm,  T.  Churchill,  Glencoe; 
Jonas  Johnson,  Delano, Wright  county;  Nels  Olson,  Crookston  ; 
F.  J.  Allgauer,  West  St.  Paul;  Charles  Ziebarth,  Osseo;  C.  G. 
Topping,  Litchfield;  Swan  Swanburg,  Waconia;  Leo  Cook, 
Osseo;  J.  N.  Bradford,  J.  A.  McClary,  A.  B.  Applin,  Minne- 
apolis; Jas.  Hicks,  New  Ulm;  W.  T.  Churchill,  Glencoe; 

J.  C.  Edson,  Glencoe;  John  Johnson,  Bergen;  D.  W.  Hern, 
Clark  Centre,  South  Dakota. 

Company  C — Minnesota.  — T.  II.  Reeves,  727  University 
avenue,  Maj.  J.  IF.  Donaldson,  A.  C.  Morrison,  IF.  B.  Johnson, 
2429  Seventh  avenue  South,  Minneapolis;  Capt.  R.  S.  Donald- 
son, Stewart;  L.  E.  Day,  D.  W.  Phillips,  John  II.  Thurston, 
Capt.  IF.  N.  Hosmer,  Farmington;  M.  A.  Bailey,  E.  FI.  Davis, 
Elk  River;  J.  A.  Davis,  Brainerd;  C.  K.  Weaverson,  18  St.  Paul 
street,  John  Ascmen,  St.  Paul;  John  S.  Stevens,  Stillwater; 
Joseph  Getzman,  Waseca;  G.  W.  Keeler,  Little  Falls;  W.  H. 
Long,  Albert  Lea;  Lieut.  J.  D.  Hunt,  Waterville. 

Company  D — Minnesota.  — Myron  Page,  2404  Twenty- 
second  street  South,  Joseph  Steffes,  1623  Fourth  street,  S.  A. 


1861-’ 92]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


559 


Kirkham,  2535  Fourth  avenue  South,  Lieut.  B.  F.  Butler,  Min- 
neapolis; C.  G.  Hicks,  C.  Neil,  E.  Kidder,  T.  J.  Cadvvell, 
Maine  Prairie;  Allen  Gerrish,  St.  Charles;  Myron  Page;  I.  N. 
Bentley,  Tracey;  G.  W.  Anderson,  St.  Paul;  R.  A.  Wheeler, 
F.  V.  De  Coster,  Litchfield;  Edward  Dowling,  Kellogg;  G.  G. 
Kimball,  Fort  Ripley;  Fred  Follett,  Iowa  Lake,  Iowa;  W.  H. 
Hall,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

CompanyE  — Minnesota. — Hamilton  Thomson, Wm.  A.  Pris- 
brey,  Oscar  Tiffany,  E.  A.  Tyler,  H.  Fletcher,  Owatonna;  J.  B. 
Town,  Worthington;  George  M.  Miles,  2106  Third  avenue 
South, George  W.  Thomas,  Minneapolis;  A.  Sass, Faxon;  Wm. 
Bradley.  Montevideo;  Octave  Caron,  Wheatland,  Rice  county; 
P.  Cronin,  Le  Sueur;  T.  B.  Casterline,  Cameron,  Clinton  count}7, 
Missouri;  Wm.  Hodgson,  Hutchinson,  Rene  county,  Kansas; 
J.  E.  Risedorph,Lake  Preston,  S.  D.;  B.  A.  Stow,  Cumberland, 
Wis. 

Company  F — Minnesota. — Wm.  II.  Long,  W.  A.  Parry, 
Farmington;  P.  R.  Taylor,  Wells;  Capt.  A.  W.  White,  J.  C. 
Frost,  F.  B.  Fobes,  Albert  Lea;  R.  S.  Reeves,  Minneapolis;  C. 
Scofield,  Northfield ; Jeremiah  Fridenburg,  Owatonna;  Israel 
B.  Felton,  I.  0.  Russell,  Granite  Falls;  John  Ryan,  Cooleville, 
Steele  county;  W.  B.  Stratton,  Smitliland, Iowa;  Oscar  Ward, 
Bismarck,  N.  D. 

Company  G — Minnesota. — Has.  E.  Conway,  Merriam  Park. 
Company  IT  — Minnesota.  — August  Nil,  Tacoma,  Chippewa 
county;  John  Torngren, Chris  Hub,  Geo.  A.  Clarke,  Mankato; 
E.  E.  Boutwell,  Kasson;  Dennis  Springer,  Monticello;  D.  W. 
Porter,  sergeant  major,  St.  Paul;  Seth  Nichols,  Hutchinson; 
Jos.  J.  Cobb,  Owatonna;  Henry  Kraus,  Chaska;  Colin  Bu- 
chanan, 444  Plymouth  avenue,  Minneapolis;  E.  M.  Broughton, 
Waseca;  J.  S.  Bean,  Hamline;  D.  F.  Bartlett,  Salem,  Jewell 
county,  Kansas;  M.  W.  Cunningham,  Maitland,  Mo.;  T.  B. 
Booth,  Smith  Centre,  Kan.;  Alfred  Springer,  Maquoketa,  Iowa; 
Wm.  D.  Winslow,  Grant  City,  Mo.;  Hy.  Randolph,  Valley 
City,  N.  D. 

Company  I — Minnesota. — Geo.  Plowman,  Le  Sueur;  D.  L. 
Wellman,  Frazee  City;  Jas.  Iiershay,  Murdock;  I.  C.  Aldrich, 
Faribault;  L.  B.  Aldrich,  Pipestone;  C.  C.  Aldrich,  Morris- 


560 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861-’92 


town;  L.  Doble,  Fair  Haven;  Ransom  Robins,  Jas.  Haines, 
Johnson  Piper,  Vm,  Harden,  Chas.  Lamont,  Archibald  La- 
mont,  Waterville;  A.  H.  Thrum,  Warsaw,  Rice  county;  S.  E. 
Livingston,  Lake  Wilson;  L.  Siebert,  St.  Paul;  J.  W.  Davey, 
Minneapolis;  A.  J.  Moler,  Cordova;  W.  M.  Davis, Fulda;  Jos. 
Williams,  Hastings;  IP.  Ward,  Northfield;  Michael  Hartt, 
Winstead  Lake;  Geo.  W.  Smith,  Columbus  City,  Ind. 

Company  K — Minnesota. — 0.  IP.  Wiley,  408  Fourth  street, 
John  S.  Boyd,  St.  Paul;  IP.  W.  Van  Valkenburg,  Farming- 
ton;  T.  J.  Bishop,  Le  Roy;  Joseph  Montoure,  24  Twenty- 
fifth  avenue  South,  William  Waterman,  251  Sixth  avenue 
South,  Minneapolis;  T.  P.  Baldwin,  Marshall;  S.  Clow,  Lyle; 
John  Mullin,  Mankato;  M.  M.  Trowbridge,  Austin;  C.  E. 
Huntley,  Spring  Valley ; J.  S.  Cooke,  Northfield;  W.  S.  Kim- 
ball, Jackson;  W.  IP.  Frey,  Winona;  H.  Van  Buren,  Waseca; 
F.  G.  Storms,  Alexandria;  W.  H.  Going,  Lyons,  Neb.;  John 
Powers,  Fremont,  Mich.;  M.  R.Lyle,  Butler,  Bates  county,  Mis- 
souri; W.  W.  Houghton,  Sprague,  Bates  county,  Missouri; 
Capt.  C.  W.  Douglas,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 


Fourth  Annual  Reunion. 

The  fourth  annual  reunion  was  held  on  the  grounds  of  the 
State  Fair,  on  Sept.  2,  1886.  The  meeting  was  not  called  to 
order,  and  no  interest  whatever  was  manifested.  Generals 
Logan  and  Alger  rested  at  St.  Paul  while  returning  East  from 
their  visit  to  the  Pacific  Coast.  General  Logan  visited  at  the 
fair  grounds,  and  all  who  desired  shook  hands  with  him.  At 
night  a campfire  was  held  in  Market-House  Hall,  St.  Paul; 
Logan  and  several  others  addressed  those  present  at  the  meet- 
ing, and  after  the  meeting  adjourned  about  a dozen  members 
of  the  Fourth  Regiment  met  in  the  hall  and  effected  an  organi- 
zation by  electing  the  following  as  officers:  J.  B.  Sanborn, 

president;  Asa  W.  White,  vice  president;  J.  IP.  Murphy,  treas- 
urer; J.  H.  Thurston,  secretary ; W.  W.  Rich,  historian;  A.  L. 
Brown,  assistant  historian.  [Captain  Rich  declined  to  act  as 
historian  because  of  previous  business  engagements. — Ed.] 


1861-’ 92] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


561 


Fifth  Annual  Reunion. 

The  reunion  was  held  at  Hamline,  between  St.  Paul  and 
Minneapolis,  on  Sept.  14,  1887,  the  camp  being  adjacent  to 
the  State  Fair  grounds.  Tents,  straw  and  water  were  supplied 
in  abundance;  a temporary  hotel  was  erected  in  the  camp,  at 
which  the  veterans  obtained  board  at  fifty  centsperday.  Many 
of  the  boys  camped  out,  and  all  the  exercises  were  held  in  the 
camp.  Over  one  hundred  and  eighty  were  present. 

The  business  meeting  held  on  Thursday  afternoon  was  called 
to  order  by  the  president,  General  Sanborn  (who  had  deprived 
himself  the  pleasure  of  attending  the  meeting  of  the  Society  of 
the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  in  order  to  be  present  with  the 
boys).  The  general  delivered  a short  address,  which  was 
warmly  applauded.  Among  other  things,  he  said  that  he  had  no 
doubt  that  when  more  than  thirty  years  from  the  date  of  the 
muster-iti  had  passed,  that  the  attendance  upon  the  reunions 
would  reach  four  hundred  men  at  least.  The  minutes  of  the 
preceding  meeting,  secretary’s  and  treasurer’s  reports  were 
read  and  approved. 

The  old  officers  wrnre  unanimously  re-elected  and  are  as  fol- 
lows: Gen.  John  B.  Sanborn,  St.  Paul,  president;  Capt.  Asa 

W.  White,  Albert  Lea,  vice  president;  Surg.  J.  H.  Murphy, 
St.  Paul,  treasurer;  Lieut.  John  IL  Thurston,  Belle  Plaine, 
secretary;  Capt.  A.  L.  Brown,  Brownton,  historian. 

It  w'as  voted  that  the  annual  dues  be  one  dollar  for  each 
member. 

Voted  to  have  the  reunion  next  year  at  the  same  place,  at 
the  time  of  the  State  Fair. 

A committee  of  four  was  appointed  to  revise  and  publish  the 
history  of  the  regiment,  now  being  written  by  Captain  Browm, 
consisting  of  Capt.  A.L.  Brown,  Washington  Muzzy,  Capt.  D. 
L.  Wellman  and  Capt.  I.  N.  Morrill.  One  thousand  copies 
were  ordered  printed,  and  every  member  present  agreed  to 
take  one  or  more  copies.  The  history  is  nearly  complete,  and 
will  make  a volume  of  from  four  to  five  hundred  pages.  This 
will  be  a valuable  contribution  to  the  history  of  the  wrar,  and 
many  false  impressions  as  to  certain  events  will  be  removed 
36 


562 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1861-’ 92 


thereby.  [This  resolution  was  a little  premature.  The  his- 
tory was  not  completed,  and  the  committee  did  not  meet  nor 
take  any  action  whatever. — Ed.] 

The  secretary  stated  that  he  knew  the  postoffice  address  of 
six  hundred  survivors  (seven  hundred  now).  This  seems  very 
remarkable  when  it  is  considered  that  twenty-six  3’ears  have 
elapsed  since  the  regiment  was  mustered  into  service,  and  that 
it  went  through  the  sieges  of  Corinth  and  Vicksburg,  the  At- 
lanta campaign  and  march  to  the  sea,  and  participated  in  at 
least  twenty  battles  and  sieges  in  all. 

Letters  were  read  from  Generals  J.  E.  Tourtellotte,  T.  B. 
Hunt,  Capt.  Wm.  A.  Wheeler  and  others. 

The  sum  of  eighty-seven  dollars  and  fifty  cents  was  paid  in  as 
dues. 

Any  member  of  the  regiment  wishing  to  join  the  association 
can  do  so  by  remitting  one  dollar  to  the  secretary. 

In  the  evening  the  boys  made  themselves  happy  at  an  old- 
fashioned  campfire,  told  their  stories  and  sung  their  songs, 
“Hold  the  Fort”  among  others. 

On  Friday  about  forty  of  the  members  met  and  passed  a reso- 
lution asking  General  Sanborn  to  allow  a roster  to  be  printed 
containing  the  names  of  those  present  at  the  reunion,  to  be 
paid  for  from  the  fund  raised  by  dues,  which  consent  he  gave. 

About  sixty  partook  in  the  sham  battle  on  Saturday  — fifty 
in  one  company  commanded  by  Sergt.  Wm.  M.  Davis  of  Fulda, 
Company  I,  who  acted  as  captain. 

John  H.  Thurston, 

Secretary. 


Letters  Read. 


La  Crosse,  Wis.,  Aug.  27,  1887. 

Mr.  John  H.  Thurston,  Bdle  Plaine,  Minn., 

Dear  Sir:  Your  card  of  invitation  to  attend  the  reunion  of  my  old  regi- 

ment on  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  of  next  month  is  received.  With  sori  ow  I 
have  to  tell  you  that  I cannot  come,  as  I have  at  last  gone  on  the  sick  list  my- 
self. * 

God  bless  the  old  regiment.  Harmonious  within  and  efficient  without,  the 
regiment  was  very  nearly  perfect.  I would  to-day  sooner  have  the  old  Fourth 
for  the  performance  of  a difficult  and  important  enterprise  than  any  other 
regiment  I know  of;  and  I think  it  must  be  admitted  that  I know  what  the 
regiment  could  do. 


1861-’ 92]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


563 


If  the  members  of  the  dear  old  Fourth  are  as  good  citizens  as  they  were 
soldiers,  the  country  and  the  state  have  reason  to  be  proud  of  them.  May  all 
the  good  fortune  come  to  you,  such  as  y,ou  deserve.  * * * 

Yours  very  truly, 

J.  E.  Tourtellotte. 

Washington,  D.  C.,  Sept.  1,  1887. 

My  Dear  Sir:  I received  your  card  of  invitation  to  the  reunion  of  the  sur- 

vivors of  the  good  old  Fourth  Minnesota.  I appreciate  the  invitation  and  am 
cordially  with  the  “Old  Guard”  in  all  of  its  undertakings. 

She  “ held  the  fort”  in  days  gone  by,  and  the  survivors  can  at  least  help  to 
do  it  again  if  duty  calls  them  to  the  front.  Yours,  etc., 

T.  B.  Hunt. 

Helena,  Mont.,  Sept.  5,  1887. 

Gen.  John  B.  Sanborn,  President  of  the  Society  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota  Volunteer 

Infantry , 

Dear  General:  I most  gratefully  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  in- 

vitation to  attend  the  reunion  of  the  survivors  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota. 
Nothing  that  I can  conceive  of  in  this  world  would  give  me  greater  pleasure 
than  to  be  present  at  the  roll  call  of  the  survivors  of  the  noble  and  brave  old 
Fourth  Regiment,  and  to  fall  into  line  once  more,  even  in  mimicry  of  the  stern 
and  stubborn  battles  through  which  we  have  passed,  the  memory  of  which  can 
never  he  effaced  from  our  minds.  I would  like  again  to  keep  step  and  march 
shoulder  to  shoulder  with  the  grand  army  of  veterans  who  will  be  assembled  at 
your  reunion.  It  would  remind  me  of  the  hundreds  of  weary  miles  we  marched 
under  the  scorching  rays  of  a Southern  sun,  along  dusty  or  muddy  roads,  or 
almost  impassable  swamps;  of  the  campfires  we  lighted  in  the  thick,  dark  woods 
at  night;  of  the  hunger  and  thirst  we  endured  at  times;  of  the  many  quick 
skirmishes;  the  fierce  fights  in  battle;  of  the  bloody  charge  and  final  victory 
over  our  gallant  foes;  of  the  weary  sieges,  and  still  longer  marches  under  the 
greatest  captain  of  them  all;  of  the  last  great  triumph  over  the  enemy;  of  a 
country  saved  and  peace  restored,  and  of  the  unparalleled  prosperity  of  the 
nation  for  which  we  sacrificed  so  much  to  save. 

We  look  in  vain  for  the  faces  of  many  of  our  comrades,  who  with  the  ardor 
of  youth  and  the  fire  of  patriotism,  hastened  to  join  our  ranks  during  the  long 
and  cold  winter  of  1861-62  and  who  learned  so  well  under  you  and  other  gal- 
lant officers  the  stern  discipline  and  art  of  war,  which  gave  the  Fourth  Min- 
nesota a high  rank  and  noble  prestige  among  the  brave  soldiers  of  the  North 
Star  State.  Fatal  sickness  or  the  deadly  bullet  laid  them  low,  and  they  sleep 
as  the  nation’s  dead  in  honored  graves.  We  survive  them,  we  mourn  them, 
and  will  soon  follow  them  to 

“Fame’s  eternal  camping  ground, 

Where  their  silent  tents  are  spread.” 

I regret  that  circumstances  will  prevent  my  being  present  with  you  on  the 
glorious  day  of  your  reunion. 

Yours,  most  loyally  for  the  old  flag, 

Wm.  F.  Wheeler, 

Late  Captain  of  Company  F. 


564 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861-’ 92 


It  is  particularly  desired  that  comrades  will  send  to  the  sec- 
retary such  addresses  as  do  not  appear  in  this  roster,  as  well  as 
those  of  relatives  of  deceased  members,  as  maw  of  these  will 
doubtless  want  a copy  of  the  history;  also,  place  and  date  of 
death,  when  it  does  not  appear.  Please  notify  us  of  any 
change  of  address,  or  death  of  any  comrade. 

Members  Present  — Field  and  StaiF. — J.  B.  Sanborn,  J.  0. 
Edson,  F.  S.  DeMers,  D.  M.  G.  Murphy,  J.  H.  Murphy,  T.  P. 
Wilson,  T.  C.  Shapleigh,  citizen  sutler,  E.  G.  Covington, 
citizen  wagon  master. 

Company  A. — R.  B.  Young,  Chas.  Johnson,  John  Anderson, 
A.  C.  Baker,  A.  W.  Barker,  J.  S.  Beaty,  I.  N.  Bean,  F.  E. 
Du  Toit,  C.  R.  Fix,  Daniel  Foster,  James  U.  Hare,  0.  0.  Ja- 
quith,  John  Johnson  2d,  T.  F.  Kennedy,  Linus  J.  Lee,  F. 
Maliowald,  B.  Marx,  0.  Osmandson,  A.  Parrett,  PI.  Sanken, 
A.  H.  Smith,  E.  Smith,  J.  R.  Smith,  E.  Southworth,  E.  A. 
Tuckey,  J.  Van  Bureu,  J.  Vetsch,  F.  M.  Ward,  F.  Working, 
Thomas  M.  Young. 

Company  B. — C.  L.  Snyder,  F.  J.  Allgauer,  Josiah  Armes, 
A.  Beck,  J.  N.  Bradford,  Alonzo  L.  Brown,  J.  Burrows,  W. 
T.  Churchill,  Leo  Cook,  P.  Fallon,  F.  E.  Ford,  John  Frank, 
W.  W.  Getchell,  William  Enable,  J.  Koons,  F.  Meyer,  B. 
Moormann,  C.  H.  Stinchfield,  S.  Swanburg,  J.  A.  Williams,  J. 
F.  Withee. 

Compani7  C. — R.  S.  Donaldson,  M.  A.  Bailey,  F.  Bergquist. 
C.  Clough,  L.  E.  Day,  J.  Getzman,  E.  B.  Hale,  PI.  N.  IPosmer, 
John  Linn,  W.  IP.  Long,  D.  W.  Phillips,  B.  A.  Rice,  J.  B. 
Rich,  F.  W.  Shaw,  J.  IP.  Stevens,  John  IP.  Thurston,  George 
W.  Wetherell,  R.  Wetlierell,  M.  Woesner. 

Company  D. — George  W.  Anderson,  T.  J.  Cadwell,  C.  J. 
Dakin,  F.  V.  De  Coster,  Q.  B.  Farwell,  D.  J.  IPanscomb,  Edwin 
Kidder,  George  W.  Kimball,  Charles  Neal,  W.  C.  Tufts,  R.  A. 
Wheeler,  0.  IP.  Wiley. 

Company  E.  — Peter  Jerome,  G.  F.  Birch,  J.  B.  Boudin,  W. 
Hardy,  0.  Lindersmith,  0.  Tiffany,  J.  A.  Town,  A.  Troust. 

Company  F.  — Asa  W.  White,  A.  K.  Norton,  M.  Annon,  C. 
Bromwich,  0.  I.  Ellingson,  F.  B.  Fobes,  J.  C.  Frost,  R.  S. 
Reeves,  N.  T.  Sandburg,  J.  Scharf,  J.  Shields,  P.  R,  Taylor, 
0.  W.  Ward. 


1861-’92]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


565 


Company  G. — J.  E.  Conway,  P.  Durr,  W.  Engejen,  E. 
Gutzwiller,  E.  Gutzwiller,  George  Hansen,  W.  Leeman,  A.  B. 
Myers,  A.  Noack,  J.  Rieder,  J.  E.  Schramm,  J.  Steffes. 

Company  IP. — D.  L.  Wellman,  E.  P.  Lieberg,  I.  H.  B.  Bee- 
bee,.  C.  Buchanan,  A.  Fisher,  E.  Helling,  E.  A.  IPostvet,  G. 
Johnson,  II.  Kraus,  Ai  Laflin,  W.  Muzzy,  A.  Nil,  S.  Nich- 
ols, E.  N.  Peterson,  J.  Pfaff,  P.  Shulene,  L.  Smith,  W.  R. 
Smith,  J.  Torngren. 

Company  I. — C.  C.  Aldrich,  J.  D.  Batson,  D.  Calaban,  C. 
Culp,  Wm.  M.  Davis,  L.  Doble,  E.  Fish,  J.  C.  Haines,  C.  V. 
Lamont,  S.  E.  Livingston,  W.  Lyon,C.  C.  Mclntire,  S.  L.  Mer- 
riman,  A.  J.  Moler,  G.  R.  Moler,  J.  Piper,  R.  Robins,  L.  Sie- 
bert,  P.  Smith,  V.  Valerions. 

Company  K. — Ira  N.  Morrill,  T.  J.  Bishop,  John  S.  Boyd, 
A.  Chapel,  S.  Clayton,  S.  Clow,  J.  S.  Cook,  E.  D.  Hammer, 
E.  C.  Huntley,  J.  E.  Hussey,  J.  Linsay,  J.  Montoure,  C.  E. 
Smith,  F.  G.  Stevens,  PI.  Van  Buren,  H.  Van  Valkenburg. 

Sixth  Annual  Reunion. 

At  the  sixth  annual  reunion,  held  at  the  rooms  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  at  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  on  Sept.  14,  1888, 
there  ivere  present  the  following  named  comrades: 

J.  B.  Sanborn,  president;  J.  II.  Murphy,  treasurer;  J.  H. 
Thurston,  secretary. 

Company  A. — E.  A.  Tuckey,  John  Tuckey,  0.  Osmandson, 
John  Sauber,  A.  Fielding,  J.  H.  Hare,  L.  J.  Lee,  T.  F.  Ken- 
ned}7, II.  Neill,  O.  0.  Jaquith,  J.  Hogstett,  A.  C.  Baker. 

Company  B. — F.  J.  Allgauer,  N.  Olsen,  PeterOlsen,  Charles 
Ziebarth,  E.  A.  Ziebarth,  C.  G.  Topping,  J.  Frank,  B.  Moor- 
mann,  Leo  Cook,  Wm.  Knable,  Josiah  Armes,  J.  Dereks. 

Company  C. — J.  A.  Davis,  R.  S.  Donaldson,  John  II.  Thurs- 
ton, A.  C.  Morrison,  B.  A.  Rich,  M.  Woesner,  A.  Barclay. 

Company  D. — Geo.  G.  Kimball,  O.  P.  Shelton,  F.  V.  De  Cos- 
ter, G.  W.  Anderson,  Geo.  PI.  Thomas,  E.  Kidder,  Chas.  Neal, 
E.  G.  Hicks,  J.  Donavan,  W.  II.  Stewart. 

Company  E. — M.  Dolan,  Albert  Sass,  II.  R.  Thomson,  Albert 
Troust,  P.  Jerome. 


566 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [l861-’92 


Company  F. — R.  A.  White,  J.  M.  Geissier,  R.  Thom,N.  T. 
Sandberg,  A.  B.  Sweet,  C.  Bromwich,  P.  R.  Taylor,  Alfred  L. 
Taylor. 

Company  G. — M.  Waldorf,  James  E.  Conway,  J.  E. 
Schramm. 

Company  H. — D.  L.  Wellman,  E.  P.  Lieberg,  A.  Jensen, 
C.  Jensen,  A.  Anderson,  W.  Muzzy,  Ai  Laflin,  W m.  K.  Jordan, 
O.  T.  Ellingson,  J.  Forngren,  Gustave  Johnson,  John  Larrabee, 
Adam  Fisher,  I.  H.  B.  Beebee. 

Ifbnipany  I. — N.  F.  Foster,  L.  Doble,  Wm.  M.  Davis,  L.  Sie- 
bert,  J.  K.  Schmidt,  D.  Calahan,  Ira  C.  Aldrich,  A.  J.  Moler, 
G.  R.  Moler. 

Company  K. — Ira  N.  Morrill,  IJ.  N.  Hosmer,  Geo.  Baird, 
Wm.  H.  Going,  John  S.  Boyd,  C.  E.  Smith,  H.  P.  Burgor, 
A.  C.  Cameron,  J.  E.  McCarron,  Ethan  R.  Earl,  J.  E.  Hussey, 
Joseph  E.  Cook,  Albert  Chapel. 

The  old  officers  were  re-elected  to  serve  for  the  coming  year. 
The  members  present,  by  invitation  of  General  Sanborn  and 
Maj.  T.  P.  Wilson,  partook  of  dinner  at  the  Hotel  Ryan. 
A.  L.  Brown,  historian,  was  absent  because  of  sickness. 

The  Seventh  Annual  Reunion. 

The  seventh  annual  reunion  was  held  at  the  rooms  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  at  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  on  Wednesday, 
Sept.  11,  1889. 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  10:30  A.  M.  b}7  the  presi- 
dent, General  Sanborn,  who  made  a few  preliminary  remarks, 
in  which  he  stated  there  was  one  thing  could  be  said  about  the 
Fourth  Minnesota  that  could  be  said  about  few,  if  any  others  — 
that  it  was  never  ordered  to  take  a position  that  it  did  not  take, 
or  to  hold  one  that  it  did  not  hold  until  ordered  away,  and 
that  during  the  whole  war,  in  all  the  twenty  battles  in  which 
we  were  engaged,  there  were  but  three  or  four  reported  unac- 
counted for  or  taken  prisoners,  and  this  record  was  due  in  a 
great  measure  to  the  drill  and  discipline  of  our  lieutenant 
colonel,  who  is  now  present,  although  in  feeble  health.  The 
general  here  called  the  colonel  forward,  and  as  he  stepped  to 
the  front,  was  greeted  with  loud,  continuous  cheering. 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


567 


1861-’ 92] 

General  Thomas  said: 

One  morning  on  coming  off  duty  I found  an  envelope  with  an  inclosure 
and  I was  asked,  “What  have  you  got?”  “I  don’t  know  sir,”  I replied.  I 
went  to  the  table  and  opened  the  same  and  found  a note  from  Governor 
Ramsey,  directing  me  to  report  to  him  at  St.  Paul,  and  with  as  little  delay  as 
possible.  It  was  a very  great  surprise  to  me.  I handed  the  letter  to  Colonel 
Dana,  who  said,  “I  have  a letter  requesting  me  to  send  you  to  St.  Paul  im- 
mediately. I have  written  out  your  resignation  and  I want  you  to  sign  it,  and 
you  can  forward  it  to  the  War  Department  in  the  morning.  ” Now,  gentlemen, 
that  is  all  I had  to  do  in  regard  to  coming  to  your  regiment.  You  know  in  all 
careers  there  are  some  particularly  unpleasant  facts.  At  that  time  I was  a 
very  vain  officer.  The  First  Minnesota  was  the  pride  of  your  state,  and  you, 
gentlemen,  were  looked  upon  as  “home  guards.”  Consequently,  I asked 
Colonel  Dana,  “ What  am  I to  do?”  He  said,  “You  are  to  he  lieutenant  col- 
onel of  the  Fourth  Minnesota.  ” I said  I would  not  do  it.  He  said,  “You  will 
do  it.  ” I said,  “ I am  a first  lieutenant  of  the  First  Minnesota,  a fighting  regi- 
ment. ” He  replied,  “It  is  the  duty  of  a soldier  to  accept  promotion,  and 
the  Fourth  Minnesota  will  not  he  a home-guard  regiment.  There  will  he  many 
more  regiments  called  and  some  of  them  will  be  home  guards.  ” lTou  are 
aware  that  the  organization  you  are  in  captures  your  feelings,  and  it  is  like 
leaving  home  to  go  away  from  it,  and  it  was  with  these  feelings  I came  to  you. 
As  Colonel  Dana  directed,  I came  to  St.  Paul  and  was  commissioned  lieuten- 
ant colonel  by  General  Sanborn,  who  was  at  that  time  adjutant  general,  and 
I have  no  knowledge  of  what  caused  this  change  to  this  day.  I was  informed 
that  General  Franklin  was  an  old,  personal  friend  of  Governor  Ramsey’s,  and 
General  Franklin  requested  Governor  Ramsey  to  give  me  an  appointment  as 
field  officer.  I found  you,  gentlemen,  many  of  you,  at  Fort  Snelling,  in  a 
partially  organized  condition.  You  are,  many  of  you,  aware  of  the  earnest 
manner  I went  to  work  to  make  you  soldiers.  I can  say,  without  any  hesita- 
tion, that  it  was  with  all  the  pride  and  vanity  in  me  I worked  for  that  pur- 
pose. I am  not  ashamed  of  my  work.  If  any  regiment  fully  realized  the  most 
sanguine  expectations  of  winning  a name  your  performances  did  it.  While 
with  you  I did  the  best  I could.  Now,  this  is  how  I came  to  leave  you:  One 

day  when  we  were  down  there  in  camp  I found  an  order  from  General  Halleck 
discharging  me  from  the  service  of  the  United  States,  and  ordering  me  to  re- 
port to  Governor  Ramsey  for  promotion.  This  is  all  I know  of  my  reason  for 
leaving;  I need  add  nothing  else;  I was  simply  a soldier,  and  obeyed  orders.  Of 
the  regret  which  I felt  on  leaving  you  it  is  not  necessary  to  speak.  I came  to 
Minnesota  and  took  command  of  the  Eighth  Minnesota  and  retained  it  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  Your  movements  and  operations  were  as  familiar  to  me  as  it 
was  possible,  under  the  circumstances,  for  such  things  to  be.  I never  ceased  for  a 
single  instant  to  feel  a pride  in  your  success.  Since  the  close  of  the  war,  owing 
to  some  physical  troubles,  I have  been  unable  to  live  in  Minnesota.  Since  that 
time  I have  been  stopping  all  over  the  country,  engaged  in  railroading  and 
civil  engineering.  I have  lived  in  Louisiana,  Missouri,  New  Mexico,  Old 
Mexico  and  in  Texas.  The  greater  prrt  of  the  time  I have  been  entirely 
absent  from  my  old  comrades,  sometimes  for  years  at  a time  I have  never  seen 


568 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861-’ 92 


any  of  them;  but  I assure  you  I have  never  forgotten  you.  Now  my  oppor- 
tunity comes,  and  it  is  a matter  of  extreme  pleasure  and  amazement  to  see 
such  figures  of  strength  and  the  happy  expressions  on  your  faces.  It  seems  as 
though  it  had  been  a hundred  years,  yet  I see  many  of  you  comparatively 
young  men;  but  I can  realize  why  this  is  so.  You  have  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful countries  in  the  world, — everything  people  should  live  on, — good  water, 
good  air  and  good  homes,  and  there  is  no  reason  why  you  should  not  live  long 
and  be  happy. 

At  the  conclusion  three  rousing  cheers  were  given  for  Colonel 
Thomas,  and  as  his  old  soldiers  looked  upon  his  emaciated 
frame  tears  welled  into  many  an  eye  to  see  the  ravages  time  had 
made  on  the  constitution  of  one  of  the  finest  men  and  one  of 
the  best  soldiers  that  ever  lived.  [Remarks  as  copied  by  Com- 
rade R.  S.  Reeves  of  Company  F,  who  acted  as  stenographer 
at  the  meeting. — Ed.] 

The  report  of  J.  H.  Murphy,  treasurer,  and  J.  IT.  Thurston, 
secretary,  were  read  and  approved.  A condensed  history 
of  the  regiment  covering  its  operations  during  the  entire  period 
of  its  service,  was  rhad  by  A.  L.  Brown.  The  following  named 
persons  were  elected  as  officers  for  the  ensuing  year : President, 
J.  B.  Sanborn;  vice  presidents,  R.  B.  Young,  D.  M.  G.  Murphy, 
R.  P.  Wells,  Edwin  Kidder,  C.  H.  Stinchfield,  A.  K.  Norton, 
J.  E.  Conway,  Geo.  A.  Clarke,  Ira  C.  Aldrich,  I.  N.  Morrill; 
treasurer,  J.  H.  Murphy.  It  was  thought  best  to  consolidate 
the  offices  of  secretary  and  historian  and  A.  L.  Brown  was 
elected  as  such. 

The  following  resolutions  were  then  adopted: 

Resolved , That  the  thanks  of  this  society  are  clue  and  are  hereby  tendered  to 
John  H.  Thurston  for  his  long  and  persistent  services  as  secretary  of  the  society, 
in  obtaining  names  of,  and  full  information  relative  to,  the  location  and  life  of 
the  comrades  since  the  war. 

Resolved,  That  the  society  is  under  the  greatest  obligations  to  Capt.  A.  L. 
Brown  for  his  persistent  labor  and  efforts  in  the  preparation  of  a full  record  of 
the  organization  and  services  of  the  regiment,  and  hereby  tenders  to  him  its 
warmest  thanks  therefor  and  at  the  same  time  requests  him  to  proceed  with  his 
work  to  its  full  publication,  and  that  iu  the  publication  thereof  he  use  his  own 
discretion  as  to  the  manner  and  form  of  publication,  portraits  and  all  other  de- 
tails pertaining  thereto. 

The  following  comrades  were  present  at  the  reunion:  J.  B. 
Sanborn,  M.  T.  Thomas,  L.  L.  Baxter,  J.  H.  Murphy,  W.  W. 
Rich,  T.  P.  Wilson. 


18.61-’92]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


569 


Company  A. — R.  B.  Young,  F.  S.  De  Mers,  F.  E.  Du  Toit, 
O.  0.  Jaquith,  P.  W.  Fix,  C.  R.  Fix,  J.  U.  Hare,  W.  A.  Wil- 
son, John  Johnson  2d,  T.  F.  Kennedy,  A.  Heilger. 

Company  B. — D.  M.  G.  Murphy,  C.  L.  Snyder,  A.  L.  Brown, 

A.  B.  Applin,  W.  Knabel,  Ed.  Ziebarth,  C.  Ziebarth,  Jonas 
Johnson,  Leo.  Cook,  J.  N.  Bradford,  B.  Moorman,  Jno.  B. 
Grover,  W.  W.  Getchell,  F.  E.  Ford,  J.  F.  Witbee,  F.  W. 
Hanscom,  F.  J.  Allgauer,  J.  Koons,  L.  Jackson,  N.  Olson. 

Company  C. — R.  S.  Donaldson,  R.  P.  Wells,  J.  H.  Thurston, 
J.  H.  Stevens,  J.  Eroux,  F.  W.  Shaw,  J.  Loid,  J.  F.  Dilley, 

A.  A.  Barclay,  A.  C.  Morrison,  T.  H.  Reeves,  H.  Vogt,  D.  W. 
Phillips,  L.  E.  Day,  F.  Bergquist,  M.  A.  Bailey,  W.  Bandy, 
H.  B.  Johnson,  J.  B.  Rich. 

Company  D. — G.  G.  Kimball,  Ed.  Kidder,  F.  V.  De  Coster, 

B.  F.  Butler,  R.  A.  Wheeler,  M.  L.  Webb,  J.  Donovan,  C. 
Neal,  G.  W.  Anderson,  T.  J.  Caldwell,  F.  Follett,  A.  Scribner, 
J.  H.  Thomas. 

Compan}'  E. — C.  H.  Stinchfield,  P.  Jerome,  S.  E.  Living- 
ston, W.  II.  Spath,  P.  Cronen,  B.  Siers,  II.  R.  Thompson, 
J.  Everett,  M.  Dolen,  F.  Schraum. 

Company  F. — IT.  R.  Loomis,  C.  Bromwich,  A.  Denning, 

R.  S.  Reeves,  P.  R.  Taylor,  A.  L.  Taylor,  0.  Ward,  F.  B. 
Fobes,  T.  J.  Sheehan,  J.  B.  Felton. 

Company  G. — J.  E.  Conway,  Sven  Anderson,  J.  Erickson, 

C.  Ekdahl,  R.  McLagan,  P.  Liebold. 

Company  H.  — G.  A.  Clarke,  E.  P.  Lieberg,  C.  Buchanan, 

S.  M.  Badger,  C.  Jemson,  A.  Jenson,  A.  Anderson,  P.  Shilina, 

G.  Johnson,  A.  Fisher,  J.  Buol,  A.  Swanson,  J.  S.  Bean. 
Company  I. — Ira  C.  Aldrich,  C.  C.  Aldrich,  J.  Piper,  J. 

Babb,  H.  Harper,  J.  Keim,  L.  Siebert,  G.  R.  Moler,  A.  J. 
Moler,  G.  Plowman. 

Company  K.  — I.  N.  Morrill,  H.  N.  Hosmer,  G.  Baird,  T.  P. 
Baldwin,  J.  S.  Cook,  C.  E.  Huntley,  II.  W.  Van  Valkenburg, 

H.  V an  Buren,  J.  E.  Hussey,  S.  M.  Clayton,  F.  G.  Stevens, 
J.  S.  Boyd,  J.  Montoure,  C.  O.  Rask,  T.  J.  Bishop,  V.  B.  Lin- 
coln, J.  F.  Tostevin,  J.  Fullerton,  Daniel  Callahan. 

At  the  close  of  the  meeting  General  Sanborn  invited  the 
comrades  to  the  Hotel  Ryan,  where,  having  as  our  guests  Capt. 


570 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861-’92 


Wm,  Hotchkiss  of  the  Second -Minnesota  Light  Artillery  and 
about  twenty  members  of  his  company,  we  partook  of  a bounti- 
ful dinner,  after  which  we  proceeded  to  the  street  in  front  of 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce  building,  and  were  photographed 
while  standing  in  a group. 

Brownton,  McLeod  County,  Minnesota,  Aug.  4,  1890. 

Comrades  of  the  Fourth  Regiment  Minnesota  Infantry  Veteran 
Volunteers:  The  eighth  annual  reunion  of  our  regimental  society  will  be  held 
as  General  Sanborn  writes  me,  “on  the  tenth,  eleventh  and  twelfth  days  of 
September,  at  rooms  Nos.  624  and  626  Endicott  building,  St.  Paul.  The  entrance 
to  these  rooms  is  from  Fourth  street,  between  Jackson  and  Robert.  The  rooms 
ate  iu  the  sixth  story,  but  there  are  four  good  elevators,  so  there  will  be  no 
hardship  in  going  up  or  down.  They  are  vacant  and  I will  arrange  to  have 
about  one  hundred  and  fifty  chairs  and  a table  put  into  them;  they  are  light 
and  airy,  and  I think  our  members  will  all  feel  better  to  have  a general  head- 
quarters of  this  kind  during  the  entire  three  days.” 

The  only  death  reported  to  me  during  the  year  was  that  of  Comrade  John 
N.  Morrell  of  Companies  C.  and  F.  He  died  at  Otsego,  Minn.,  Oct.  17,  1888. 
Please  notify  me  of  all  deaths,  changes  of  residence,  and  aDy  postoffice  address 
of  members  coming  to  your  knowledge,  so  the  facts  can  be  noted  on  our  records. 

You  are  undoubtedly  aware  of  the  fact  that  we  have  been  engaged  during 
the  past  four  years  in  writing  and  compiling  the  history  of  our  regiment. 
When  completed  it  will  be  a large  octavo  volume  of  several  hundred  pages,  and 
we  hope  that  before  many  months  elapse  we  will  be  able  to  send  you  a circular 
letter  containing  more  definite  information  regarding  it. 

J.  B.  Sanborn,  President , 

A.  L.  Brown,  Secretary,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Brownton,  Minn. 

The  Eighth  Annual  Reunion. 

At  tbe  reunion  of  the  society  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota  In- 
fantry Veteran  Volunteers,  held  at  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  Sept.  10, 
11  and  12,  1890,  the  following  named  comrades  were  present: 
Gen.  J.  B.  Sanborn,  president;  Dr.  J.  H.  Murphy,  treasurer; 
A.  L.  Brown,  secretary. 

Company  A.  — R.  B.  Young,  Excelsior;  0.  O.  Jaquith,  Ex- 
celsior; O.  Osmandson,  Mallory;  J.  U.  Hare,  Elk  River;  F. 
Mahowald,  New  Market;  O.  R.  Fix,  Minneapolis;  J.  S.  Beaty, 
Anoka;  C.  F.  Anderson,  Carver;  J.  Van  Buren,  Le  Sueur 
Centre;  A.  Heilger,  St.  Paul. 

Company  B. — A.  L.  Brown,  Brownton;  Leo.  Cook,  Osseo; 
II.  P.  Hatch,  Whittemore,  Iowa;  John  Frank,  B.  and  K.  Le 


1861-’ 92] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


571 


Roy;  B.  Moorman,  St.  Paul;  Josiah  Armes,  Minneapolis;  J. 
F.  Withee,  Glencoe;  A.  E.  Wood,  Fargo,  FT.  D.;  A.  B.  Applin, 
Fargo,  N.  D.;  J.  Koons,  New  Auburn ; F.  E.  Ford,  Glencoe. 

Company  C.  — R.  S.  Donaldson,  Stewart ; H.  N.  Hosmer,  C. 
and  K.  Farmington;  F.  W.  Shaw,  Jarretts;  J.  Eroux,  Hen- 
derson; D.  W.  Phillips,  Farmington;  John  H.  Thurston,  Far- 
mington; M.  Woesner,  Minneapolis;  T.  IJ.  Reeves,  Minne- 
apolis; A.  C.  Morrison,  Minneapolis;  M.  Tracy,  St.  Paul;  M.  A. 
Baily,  Monticello;  J.  F.  Dilley,  St.  Paul;  A.  A.  Barclay,  Far- 
mington. 

Company  D. — Ed.  Kidder, St.  Cloud;  R.  A.  Wheeler,  Cedar 
Mills;  G.  W.  Anderson,  St.  Paul;  F.  Follett,  Fairmont;  E. 
Dowling,  Kellogg;  C.  H.  Clark,  St.  Paul;  J.  H.  Thomas, 
Young  America;  S.  J.  Fuller,  Freeborn  ; T.  V.  Robinson,  Min- 
neapolis. 

Company  E. — W.  T.  Jones,  St.  Peter;  W.  H.  Spath,  Dassel; 
M.  Dolen,  St.  Paul;  J.  Everett,  Cleveland;  0.  Coron,  Wheat- 
land;  D.  Gerold,  Jordan;  J.  Niebels,  Fergus  Falls. 

Company  F.  — A.  K.  Norton,  Freeborn;  R.  S.  Reeves,  Min- 
neapolis; W.  A.  Parry, Farmington ; J.  Steinmetz, New  Market; 
J.  Cooney,  St.  Paul;  C.  Bromwich,  Minneapolis;  I.  B.  Felton, 
Granite  Falls. 

Company  G.  — James  E.  Conway,  St.  Paul;  C.  Unger,  Ft. 
Abercrombie;  Wm.  Eugelen,  Norwood;  E.  S.  Pitman,  Still- 
water. 

Company  IT. — George  A.  Clarke,  Florence,  Ala.;  A.  Fisher, 
Waconia,  E.  P.  Lieberg,  Mankato;  P.  Wilson,  St.  Peter;  A. 
Anderson,  Nicollet;  Colin  Buchanan,  Minneapolis;  S.  M.  Bad- 
ger, St.  Paul;  P.  Shulen,  Isanti;  J.  PfafF,  St.  Clair;  I.  H. 
Beebe,  St.  Paul. 

Company  I.  — Ira  C.  Aldrich,  Faribault;  Wm.  M.  Davis, 
Fulda;  A.  Degros,  New  Market;  V.  Valerious,  St.  Michaels; 
C.  Wendland,  Buffalo  Lake;  D.  Callahan,  Shieldsville;  H. 
Harper,  St.  Paul;  J.  Piper,  Waterville;  J.  W.  Davey,  Min- 
neapolis. 

Company  K. — I.  N.  Morrill,  Decorah,  Iowa;  Geo.  Baird, 
Austin;  W.  II.  Going,  Lyons,  Neb.;  J.  S.  Boyd,  St.  Paul;  E. 
R.  Earl,  Austin ; J.  E.  McCarron,  St.  Paul,  A.  M.  Keniston, 


572 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [L861-’92 


Champlin;  E.  D.  Hammer,  Spring  Valley;  A.  C.  Cameron, 
Brownsville;  D.  Hurley,  St.  Paul;  Chas.  E.  Smith,  Bloomer, 
Wis. ; Joseph  Montour,  St.  Paul;  II.  W.  Van  Valkenburg,  E. 
G.  Covington,  Minneapolis,  citizen  wagon  master. 

On  motion  President  Sanborn  appointed  a committee  con- 
sisting of  Comrades  R.  S.  Donaldson,  J.  H.  Murphy,  J.  II. 
Thurston,  George  Baird  and  Wm.  M.  Davis,  who  were  re- 
quested to  recommend  such  measures  as  might  be  deemed  best 
for  the  good  of  the  society  and  to  prepare  a list  of  comrades 
to  serve  as  officers  for  the  ensuing  year.  The  committee  rec- 
ommended that  the  following  named  persons  be  elected  to 
serve  for  the  coming  year,  and  that  the  duties  of  secretary  and 
treasurer  be  performed  by  the  secretary.  The  recommenda- 
tion of  the  committee  was  then  carried  by  a unanimous  vote 
and  the  following  named  comrades  were  elected  : President, 

J.  B.  Sanborn;  vice  presidents,  R.  B.  Young,  D.  M.  Murphy, 
R.  P.  Wells,  Ed.  Kidder,  C.  H.  Stinchfield,  A.  K.  Horton,  J. 
E.  Conway,  Geo.  A.  Clarke,  Ira  C.  Aldrich,  I.  N.  Morrill;  sec- 
retary, A.  L.  Brown.  It  was  resolved:  “ That  we  extend  to 

our  beloved  comrades  Maj.  D.  M.  G.  Murphy  and  Lieut.  F.  S. 
Dealers  our  heartfelt  sympathy  and  sincerely  trust  that  they 
may  have  a speedy  recovery  from  their  sickness.”  The  fol- 
lowing named  comrades  were  reported  as  having  died:  Chris- 

tian Klinkert  of  Company  D,  April  30,  1889;  John  J.  O’Brien 
of  Company  E,  July  1,  1889;  James  R.  Patten  of  Company  C, 
in  1889;  James  W.  Dunn  of  Company  B,  Jan.  7,  1889.  [We 
will  also  state  that  Col.  James  C.  Edson  died  of  Bright’s 
disease,  at  Glencoe,  Minn.,  on  Jan.  27,  1891.] 

Announcement. 

Beownton,  McLeod  County,  Minn.,  Aprils,  1891. 

Our  regiment  history,  on  which  we  have  labored  lor  several  years,  is  about 
completed  and  ready  for  publication.  The  record  contains  a statement  of  each 
company,  where  organized  and  by  whom,  its  service  in  thestate,  at  the  frontier 
forts  or  at  Spelling.  the  official  orders  of  the  organization  of  the  regiment,  its 
departure  South  and  its  service  in  the  field.  In  fact  it  gives  an  account  of  every 
day’s  march  made  during  its  entire  period  of  service  (except  on  foraging  excur- 
sions) the  number  of  miles  traveled  each  day;  also,  description  and  population  of 
all  towns  passed  through,  with  a description  of  the  country;  also,  an  elaborate 


1861-’ 92]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


573 


description  of  every  battle  in  which  the  command  participated,  and  a statement 
of  the  operations  and  movements  of  the  army,  names  of  the  regiments  compos- 
ing the  brigades  and  divisions  to  which  the  regiment  was  attached,  lists  of 
killed  and  wounded  and  how  wounded,  and  of  those  buried  in  national  ceme- 
teries, with  the  number  of  grave,  lists  of  sick  in  hospitals  at  Memphis,  Keokuk 
and  other  places,  with  disease  of  the  soldier;  an  elaborate  roster  of  all  who 
served  in  the  regiment,  containing  the  names  of  over  one  thousand  six  hundred 
men,  their  rank,  age,  nativity,  date  of  enrollment,  date  of  muster-in,  residence, 
town,  county,  promotions  during  the  war  and  other  changes,  died,  discharged, 
etc.;  names  of  relatives  in  the  regiment,  and,  under  the  head  of  remarks  since 
the  war,  the  last  known  residence,  deaths  when  and  where,  and  other  particu- 
lars. In  fact  we  have  added  everything  to  our  record  that  we  have  thought 
would  be  of  value  or  interest.  Besides  this  we  have  incorporated  statistic  s of 
various  kinds,  names  and  dates  of  all  battles  fought  during  the  war,  pay  tables 
of  officers,  men,  etc.,  also  of  the  organization  of  a regiment,  its  formation  in 
line  of  battle,  position  of  the  officers,  composition  and  place  of  the  color  guard 
of  the  companies  in  the  line,  their  places  according  to  the  rank  of  captain,  why 
and  when  they  change  their  positions  in  the  line;  also,  a history  of  the  brass 
band  and  names  of  all  who  were  in  it,  and  of  the  quartermaster’s  department, 
with  names  of  those  who  drove  teams  at  various  times,  number  of  teams,  etc. 
We  have  maps  of  the  battlefields  of  Iuka,  Corinth,  an  elaborate  one  of  Allatoona 
— showing  the  intrenchments,  redoubts,  extent  and  shape  of  the  ridges,  with 
measurements  recently  made — -and  also  several  photographs  of  war  scenes. 
One  of  Allatoona,  taken  soon  after  the  battle,  showing  the  cut,  redoubt  and 
buildings.  Others  of  Vicksburg  and  other  places.  All  of  these  will  make  the 
volume  more  interesting  to  you.  We  have  carefully  examined  all  reports,  rolls 
and  other  data  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  adjutant  general  at  St.  Paul,  and  also 
the  files  of  all  of  the  St.  Paul  papers  published  during  the  entire  period  of  the 
war,  and  copied  reports  and  other  valuable  information  therefrom. 

We  have  been  informed,  by  the  best  of  authority,  that  the  publication  of 
regimental  histories,  because  of  their  limited  sale,  has  so  far  proved  a loss,  and 
in  order  to  guard  against  that,  and  also  in  order  to  place  upon  record  some  of 
the  incidents  connected  with  the  service  of  each  person,  we  have  decided  to  in- 
sert portraits  of,  and  also  personal  incidents  that  happened  to  those  who  were 
members  of  the  organization.  Every  person  who  served  his  country  can  relate 
some  incident  of  his  experience  to  his  family  or  friends  of  which  he  loves  to 
talk,  and  he  or  his  family  would  like  to  see  them  made  a matter  of  record  in 
the  regimental  history.  We  propose  to  insert  such  incidents.  The  portraits 
may  be  of  photographs  or  tintypes  taken  during  the  war  or  of  a recent  date  — 
suit  yourselves  about  that.  Your  comrades  would  undoubtedly  prefer  to  see  a 
war  portrait,  but  many  have  not  preserved  those.  All  of  this  can  be  done  and 
cost  you  but  a trifle.  As  it  will  be  necessary  to  send  the  portraits  away  to  have 
plates  made  and  copies  printed,  I cannot  guarantee  their  safe  return  to  you, 
but  where  requested  to,  will  try  and  have  them  returned. 

The  history  will  be  a large  octavo  volume  of  several  hundred  pages.  Now, 
comrades,  if  you  desire  to  aid  in  the  work  you  can  send  me  your  photographs, 
statements  and  money,  and  the  work  can  soon  be  under  contract  for  its  publi- 
cation. Ten  dollars  will  pay  for  inserting  a portrait  and  statement  of  incidents 
(if  not  too  elaborate),  and  a copy  of  the  history  sent  by  mail  or  express  to  your 


574 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861-’92 


address;  larger  and  finer  portraits  can  be  inserted.  You  can  have  just  what 
you  are  willing  to  pay  for;  twenty  dollars  will  insert  a splendid  one  and  fifty 
dollars  a magnificent  one.  Steel  engravings  will  cost  about  one  hundred  and 
fifty  dollars,  that  is,  for  a plate  and  one  thousand  prints  of  it  to  bind  in  the 
edition  of  the  book,  provided  several  are  taken.  I would  not  advise  any  per- 
son to  expend  as  much  money  as  that  for  a portrait,  because  I have  samples 
made  by  the  photogravure  and  other  processes  which  I believe  are  just  as  good 
and  do  not  cost  over  a third  of  the  money.  The  cheap  ones  will  be  good  and  de- 
sirable, but  you  can  have  just  what  you  are  willing  to  pay  for.  If  you  do  not 
desire  your  portrait  in,  but  only  a copy  of  the  book,  you  can  send  three  dollars, 
which  will  pay  for  it  sent  to  your  address.  Or,  if  you  want  the  book  and  your 
statement  in  it,  without  your  portrait,  send  five  dollars.  There  may  be  those 
who  cannot  pay  the  full  amount  asked,  but  perhaps  can  pay  something  toward 
it,  and  who  wish  to  contribute  to  the  extent  of  their  means.  We  ask  those  to 
send  what  they  can  and  we  will  deal  as  liberally  with  them  as  we  can  to  the 
extent  of  the  amount  of  funds  received,  without  any  loss  to  us.  If  you  want 
the  book  you  could  perhaps  pay  for  it  just  as  well  in  advance  as  afterward,  pro- 
vided you  are  certain  to  get  it.  It  occurs  to  us  that  we  ought  not  to  be  expected 
to  insert  portraits  and  personal  statements,  and  take  the  risk  of  loss  if  persons 
fail  to  pay  the  necessary  expense  after  its  publication.  We  confidently  hope 
that  we  will  soon  receive  ample  assurance  that  the  course  we  have  decided  to 
pursue  meets  with  your  hearty  approval.  I will  send  a receipt  for  all  money 
received  and  if  sufficient  funds  are  not  received  to  warrant  its  publication,  your 
money  will  be  returned  to  you  less  the  cost  of  the  exchange.  Please  remit  by 
draft,  money  order  or  registered  letter;  do  not  send  checks  on  local  banks  be- 
cause there  is  a charge  for  collecting.  I shall  reserve  the  privilege  of  condensing 
statements  which  are  considered  as  too  elaborate,  and  of  altering  those  which 
conflict  with  official  reports.  If  you  cannot  write  your  statements  as  you  would 
like  to  have  them  appear,  write  the  facts  and  I will  put  them  into  shape  for 
you.  Please  act  at  once  in  the  matter,  and  our  record  will  soon  be  in  the  hands 
of  the  printer. 

We  believe  that  the  record  will  give  complete  satisfaction  to  the  most  of 
those  who  served  in  the  regiment,  as  all  who  have  examined  it  are  pleased 
with  it.  My  desire  is  to  get  the  work  all  completed  within  the  next  ninety 
days,  so  that  the  work  of  publication  may  commence  as  soon  after  that  date  as 
possible.  It  may  be  that  a longer  delay  will  be  necessary.  In  writing  the 
record  we  have  kept  in  view,  more  especially  than  anything  else,  the  services 
of  our  heroes  who  never  had  the  honor  to  command  anything  but  a gun. 

Now,  comrades,  those  of  you  who  had  but  little  honor,  and  no  adequate  com- 
pensation for  your  heroic  services  in  the  cause  of  your  country,  and  who  desire 
to  read  something  of  your  personal  services  besides  the  short  record  in  the  ros- 
ter, an  opportunity  is  offered  to  you  to  do  so.  We  have  delayed  sending  this 
statement  until  the  other  portion  of  the  record  was  nearly  completed.  .^The 
work  has  been  a labor  of  great  research  and  considerable  expense. 

Please  let  me  hear  from  you  as  soon  as  convenient. 

Yours  in  fraternity,  chanty  and  loyalty, 

A.  L.  Brown, 

Sec.  and  Treas.  Fourth  Minn.  Inf.  Vet.  VoL  Soc., 
Brownton,  Minn. 


1861-’  92] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


575 


The  Ninth  Annual  Reunion. 

Following  are  the  proceedings  of  the  ninth  annual  reunion 
of  the  Society  of  the  Fourth  Regiment  Minnesota  Infantry 
Volunteers,  held  at  the  German  American  Bank  building,  St. 
Paul,  Minn.,  Sept.  10,  1891. 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  bj'  President  J.  B.  Sanborn 
at  10:00  a.  m.,  who,  in  a few  remarks,  congratulated  those 
present  on  being  able  once  more  to  meet  together,  and  feelingly 
alluded  to  the  demise  of  General  Tourtellotte  and  Col.  J.  C. 
Edson. 

secretary's  report. 

Comrades  : Another  year  has  passed  and  gone  and  we  have  the  pleasure 

once  more  to  meet  at  onr  (ninth)  annual  reunion. 

Since  our  last  reunion  death  has  been  among  our  members,  and  removed 
three  who  were  prominent  officers  of  the  regiment. 

Lieut.  Col.  James  C.  Edson  died  at  Glencoe,  in  this  state,  Jan.  27,  1891. 
He  was  formerly  captain  of  Company  B.  Was  afterward  promoted  major, 
lieutenant  colonel,  and  received  an  honorary  commission  as  colonel.  Was  in 
command  of  the  regiment  at  the  time  of  its  muster-out  of  service. 

Col.  and  Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.  John  E.  Tourtellotte  died  at  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  July 
22,  1891,  of  heart  disease.  He  organized  and  was  captain  of  Company  H.  On 
Oct.  12,  1862,  was  elected  by  the  officers  of  the  regiment  its  lieutenant  colonel. 
Although  severely  wounded  in  the  battle  at  Allatoona,  Ga.,  Oct.  5,  1864,  he 
did  not  leave  the  regiment,  but  commanded  it  on  the  march  through  Georgia 
to  Savannah,  and  through  the  Carolinas  to  Goldsboro,  at  which  place  he  was 
assigned  to  duty  as  brigade  commander,  and  served  as  such  until  the  army 
was  at  Raleigh,  when  he  again  took  command  of  the  regiment.  When  leaving 
Washington  for  Louisville,  Ky.,  he  was  severely  injured  in  getting  on  the  cars 
and  did  not  command  the  regiment  after  that  time.  Because  of  his  injuries  he 
resigned  at  Louisville,  and  left  the  regiment  during  the  latter  part  of  June, 
1865.  He  was  a gallant  and  able  commander,  a strict  disciplinarian,  always 
neat  and  tidy  in  his  appearance  and  dress.  His  walk  was  erect  and  his  bear- 
ing dignified  and  courtly. 

In  a letter  to  the  writer  Colonel  Tourtellotte  once  wrote  as  follows  : “The 

receipt  of  your  letter  has  gratified  me  very  much.  The  ‘Grand  old  Fourth,’ 
as  you  call  it,  was  my  especial  pet,  and  for  no  persons  have  I greater  affection 
to-day  than  for  my  old  regiment.  I have  never  met  at  any  regimental  reunions, 
as  at  first  my  duties  did  not  permit  me  to  come,  and  now  I am  in  such  bad 
physical  condition  that  I am  not  permitted  to  travel.  The  Fourth  was  very 
nearly  a model  regiment;  all  were  ambitious  for  success  in  battle  and  for  the 
good  reputation  of  the  regiment.  I honestly  believe  if  I had  ordered  them  to 
certain  death  that  regiment  would  have  gone  without  a moment’s  hesitation. 
I have  never  seen  a regiment  of  regulars  more  obedient  than  the  Fourth  was  to 


57G 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861-’ 92 


my  every  expressed  wish.  I was,  and  am,  very  proud  of  my  old  regiment.  I 
never  saved  them  from  work;  never  saved  them  from  danger  when  duty 
called  them  in,  but  I think  the  men  understood  I protected  them  all  I could, 
and  they  also  understood  I did  not  save  myself  from  work  or  danger.  I re- 
member before  the  assault  on  Vicksburg,  the  regiment  was  lying  down,  and 
some  officers  came  to  me  stating  that  it  was  the  request  of  the  regiment  that  I 
lie  down  too.  Of  course  my  duty  would  not  permit  me  to  do  so,  but  the  inci- 
dent was  remembered.  The  service  of  that  regiment  caused  my  unsolicited  ap- 
pointment to  the  regular  army,  and  was  the  cause  of  my  delightful  service  on 
the  staff  of  the  general  of  the  army.  I hope  for  their  happiness  and  prosperity 
forever.” 

The  death  of  Col.  T.  B.  Hunt,  formerly  our  first  regimental  quartermaster, 
was  announced  in  the  papers  as  follows:  11  Fort  Monroe , Fa.,  Sept.  7,  1891.  Col. 
T.  B.  Hunt,  United  States  Army,  retired,  died  here  suddenly  this  morning. 
The  remains  will  be  taken  to  Washington  to-night.”  The  last  letter  we  re- 
ceived from  him  was  written  from  the  Army  and  Navy  Hospital  at  Hot  Springs, 
Ark.,  Nov.  7,  1890,  at  which  place  he  had  gone  to  recover  his  health.  He  had 
written  in  a previous  letter  that  he  was  suffering  from  a weakness  in  his  lower 
limbs.  We  remember  him  as  a genial,  wliolesouled  person,  generous  and  kind 
to  all,  and  more  especially  to  those  who  served  under  him  in  subordinate 
positions.  Having  received  promotion  as  captain  and  assistant  quartermaster  of 
volunteers,  he  left  us  on  April  13,  1863,  while  the  regiment  was  on  a sandbar 
about  five  miles  below  Helena,  Ark.,  after  our  return  from  the  Yazoo  Pass  expe- 
dition. 

Comrade  Francis  J.  Allgauer  of  Company  B died  at  St.  Paul  Jan.  13,  1890. 
He  enlisted  on  Oct.  2,  1861,  his  residence  at  that  time  being  at  Watertown,  in 
Carver  county,  and  was  discharged  for  disability  on  Sept.  12, 1862.  We  remem- 
ber him  as  a good,  faithful  soldier. 

Comrade  Jonas  Johnson  of  Company  B,  after  a long  and  painful  illness  from 
the  effects  of  disease  contracted  in  the  army,  passed  quietly  and  peacefully  into 
eternity  on  Monday  morning,  June  22,  1891,  at  about  half-past  nine.  For  a 
long  time  Mr.  Johnson  had  been  in  very  poor  health  and  his  demise  had  been 
expected  for  several  months.  During  the  summer  he  had  been  unable  to  leave 
his  bed  for  any  length  of  time,  and  death  was  a very  welcome  visitor  to  the  poor 
sufferer.  Of  Mr.  Johnson’s  many  good  qualities  those  who  have  lived  here  any 
length  of  time  know  more  than  we  can  tell.  He  was  a kind  and  indulgent 
father,  a loving  husband,  the  first  to  relieve  suffering  of  any  kind,  and  an 
honorable  citizen  and  true  friend.  Funeial  services  were  held  in  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church  on  Tuesday  afternoon  and  the  building  was  not  nearly  large 
enough  to  accommodate  all  those  who  gathered  to  show  their  respect  for  his 
memory.  The  fire  company  headed  the  funeral  procession,  the  hook  and  ladder 
truck  being  draped  in  mourning.  Next  followed  the  Ancient  Order  of  Druids 
and  the  mourners  in  carriages.  The  funeral  procession  was  the  largest  we  have 
seen  in  Delano,  and  amply  testified  to  the  high  esteem  in  which  the  deceased 
was  held.  The  body  was  laid  to  rest  in  the  Riverside  Cemetery;  Rev.  J.  Black- 
hurst  conducted  the  services.  Jonas  Johnson  was  born  in  Sweden,  Aug.  13, 
1832;  came  to  America  in  1852;  was  married  in  Illinois  in  1856;  came  to  Min- 
nesota the  following  year.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  B,  Fourth  Regi- 


1861-92]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


577 


ment  Minnesota  Volunteers;  served  in  the  Rebellion  three  years,  since  which 
he  has  lived  near  and  in  Delano,  Minn.  He  was  a member  of  the  Ancient 
Order  of  Druids,  in  good  standing,  was  also  a Master  Mason,  and  a member  of 
Delano  Hook  and  Ladder  Company.  His  age  at  the  time  ofhis  death  was  fifty- 
eight  years,  ten  months  and  nine  days.  The  deceased  leaves  a wife,  three  sons 
and  a daughter  to  mourn  his  death. 

FINANCIAL  REPORT. 

On  Hand  and  Received. 


To  balance  remaining  on  hand  Sept.  10, 1890  $13.69 

To  money  paid  in  by  members  Sept.  10,  11,  12,  1890 70.50 

To  cheek  Allen  Gerrish  of  Company  C,  by  mail ., 1.02 

To  postage  stamps  received  by  mail 40 


Total 585.61 


Money  Paid  Out. 


For  1,000  leaflets  and  express  on  same 88.75 

For  1,000  envelopes,  printed  and  express 3.25 

For  750  postal  cards,  printing  and  express 9.50 

For  record  book 05 

For  stationery 1.20 

For  postage  paid  during  the  year 14.96 

To  balance  of  fund  on  hand  Sept.  10,  1891 47.90 


Total. 


$85.61 


Account  of  Fund  Received  for  the  Publication  of  the  Regimental  History. 


H.  P.  Hatch,  Company  B,  Whittemore,  Iowa $3.00 

A.  C.  Cameron,  Company  K,  Brownsdale,  Minn 5.00 

Edgar  Nichols,  Company  B,  Waldo,  Kan 3.00 

B.  Moormann,  Company  B,  St.  Paul,  Minn 3.00 

H.  R.  Marcyes’ Band,  Forsyth,  Mont 20.00 

Jas.  H.  Billings,  Company  E,  Blue  Hill,  Maine 3.00 

Leo  Cook,  Company  B,  Osseo,  Minn .' 10.00 

R.  Winegar,  Company  E,  Ottawa,  Minn 5.00 


Total  received , $52.00 

Received  at  this  reunion,  Sept.  10,  1891: 

Charles  B.  Smith,  Company  D,  West  Union,  Minn $3.00 

Wm.  Bradley,  Company  E,  Montevideo 3.00 

H.  B.  Johnson,  Company  C,  Redwood  Falls 3.00 

T.  J.  Cadwell,  Company  D,  St.  Cloud 3.00 


One  hundred  and  thirty-four  copies  were  subscribed  for  at  this  reunion. 
The  history  in  manuscript  covers  seven  hundred  and  fifty  pages,  and  it  is  esti- 
mated that  its  publication  will  cost  from  one  thousand  dollars  to  one  thousand 
five  hundred  dollars.  It  is  a truthful  history.  “ Enlist  in  my  company  and  I 
will  make  you  orderly  sergeant,  corporal  or  company  clerk.”  Do  you  want  a 
copy?  If  you  do  please  let  us  know,  because  only  a limited  number  will  be 
printed. 


The  following  comrades  were  present:  John  B.  Sanborn, 

president,  St.  Paul ; A.  L.  Brown,  secretary.  Company  A 
— "R.  B.  Young,  Excelsior;  Peter  Hanson,  Painesville;  O. 

37 


578 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1861-’ 92 


0.  Jaquith,  Excelsior;  Edson  Tuckey,  Hamline;  R.  P.  Wells, 
A.  and  C.,  Herman;  F.  E.  Du  Toit,  Chaska;  Lines  Lee,  St. 
Paul;  Calvin  R.  Fix,  1818  Fourteenth  avenue  South,  Minne- 
apolis; John  Van  Buren,  Le  Sueur;  0.  Osmundson,  Mallory ; 
Henry  II.  Erickson,  Rush  Point;  F.  F.  Kennedy,  682  Arm- 
strong avenue,  St.  Paul;  Hiram  Neill,  Sihley,  Iowa;  A. 
Heilger,  St.  Paul,  366  Walnut  street;  F.  Mahowald,  New 
Market;  Baptiste  Morx,  Frankford.  Company  B — C.  LI. 
Stinchfield,  Columbia,  S.  D.;  J.  N.  Bradford,  Minneapolis;  Leo 
Cook,  Osseo;  James  Williams,  Mankato;  Jacob  Koons,  New 
Auburn;  A.  Beck,  Soldier’s  Home.  Company  C — R.  S.  Don- 
aldson, Stewart;  H.  N.  Ilosmer,  Farmington;  Thos.  Reeves, 
Minneapolis ; John  Thurston,  Farmington;  Joseph  Getzman, 
Waseca;  M.  A.  Bailey,  Monticello;  A.  C.  Morrison,  Min- 
neapolis; Willliam  McCrory,  Alexandria ; H.  B.  Johnson,  Red- 
wood Falls;  Francis  W.  Shaw,  Jarretts ; John  Loid,  Sauk 
Centre;  Morris  Tracey,  St.  Paul;  Herman  Vogt,  409  Adams 
street,  Minneapolis.  Company  D — R.  A.  W heeler,  Cedar 
Mills;  Edwin  Kidder,  St.  Cloud;  Charles  B.  Smith,  West 
Union;  F.  V.  DeCoster,  Litchfield ; F.  Follett,  Fairmount; 
Allen  Gerrish,  St.  Charles;  G.  W.  Anderson,  St.  Paul.  Com- 
pany E — Peter  Jerome,  St.  Paul ; Harvey  Fletcher,  Owatonna  ; 
Ezra  Town,  Owatonna ; Joseph  Everett,  Cleveland;  John  W. 
Baker,  Annandale;  William  Bradley,  Montevideo;  Michael 
Dolen,  St.  Paul;  LI.  R.  Thompson,  Owatonna;  Albert  Sass, 
Faxon;  David  Gerold,  Jordan;  John  B.  Bodin,  Henderson; 
Wm.  IL.  Spath,  Dassel.  Company  F — P.  R.  Taylor,  Wells; 
Robert  Thom,  Owatonna;  A.  B.  Sweet,  Hanley  Fails;  James 
Shields,  Woodstock;  Charles  Bromwich,  Minneapolis;  W.  0. 
Ward,  Bismarck,  N.  D. ; James  W.  Douglas,  Anoka;  W.  A. 
Parry,  Farmington.  Company  G — J.  E.  Conway,  St.  Paul; 
Peter  Duerr,  St.  Michaels;  Emil  Gutzweiller,  St.  Michaels. 
Company  H — Andrew  Jenson,  Brighton;  John  Buol,  Han- 
over; Christopher  Jenson,  Brighton ; John  Larrabee,  Minnesota 
Lake;  Jesse  S.  Bean,  Hamline;  H.  Kraus,  Chaska;  W.  K. 
Jordan,  Excelsior;  Andrew  Anderson,  Nicollet;  Adam  Fischer, 
Waconia;  Ai  Laflin,  Mankato.  Company  I — Cyrus  Aldrich, 
Morristown;  Joseph  Hershey,  Waterville;  A.  H.  Thruu,  Michi- 


1861-’ 92]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


579 


gan,  1ST.  D.;  Valentine  Valerius,  St.  Michaels;  John  Smith, 
St.  Paul;  Henry  Harper,  St.  Paul;  Johnston  Piper;  Waterville; 
E.  0.  Chapman,  Redwood  Falls;  J.  W.  Davey,  Minneapolis. 
Company  K — George  Baird,  Austin;  Joseph  Cook,  Minne- 
apolis, 1335  Franklin  avenue;  James  Fullerton,  Fairfax;  E.  A. 
Whitcomb,  Le  Roy;  H.  P.  Burgor,  Breckenridge;  J.  S.  Boyd, 
St.  Paul;  Martin  Kiefer,  Rochester;  A.  Kuisle,  Chatfield  ; J.  E. 
McCarron,  St.  Paul,  276  Rondo  street;  J.  F.  Huntley,  Spring 
Valley;  H.  W.  VanValkenburg,  Duluth;  Augustus  Rose,  Dial, 
Kan. 

The  following  named  persons  were  elected  officers  for  the 
ensuing  year: 

President,  J.  B.  Sanborn;  vice  presidents,  R.  B.  Young  of 
Company  A,  J.  JST.  Bradford  of  Company  B,  T.  H.  Reeves  of 
Company  C,  G.  W.  Anderson  of  Company  D,  C.  H.  Stinchfield 
of  Company  E,  A.  W.  White  of  Company  F,  J.  E.  Conway  of 
Company  G,  J.  S.  Bean  of  Company  II,  Ira  C.  Aldrich  of 
Company  I,  John  Boyd  of  Company  K;  secretary,  A.  L.  Brown. 

The  sum  of  fifty  dollars  was  appropriated  out  of  the  funds 
of  the  society  to  help  defray  the  expenses  of  this  reunion. 

General  Sanborn  was  requested  to  appoint  a committee  of 
five  to  make  arrangements  for  our  annual  reunion  next  year, 
the  committee  to  secure  a hall,  or  some  suitable  place,  to  have 
dinner  prepared;  and  also,  that  the  committee  have  badges  pre- 
pared for  the  use  of  our  members. 

In  the  absence  of  General  Sanborn  during  a part  of  the  pro- 
ceedings, comrade  John  H.  Thurston  was  called  to  the  chair 
and  presided. 

By  invitation  of  General  Sanborn  the  society  and  friends  of 
comrades  present  proceeded  to  the  Hotel  Ryan  for  dinner. 
The  thanks  of  those  present  were  tendered  to  General  Sanborn 
by  a rising  vote. 

Extracts  from  Letters  Received. 

We  copy  a few  extracts  from  letters  read  at  our  meeting. 

From  Gen.  M.  T.  Thomas,  Vernon,  Tex.: 

Very  much  to  my  regret,  I do  not  find  it  possible  to  attend  your  reunion 
this  year.  Although  much  stronger  than  when  I met  my  old  comrades  two 
years  ago,  it  is  necessary  for  me  to  remain  in  the  mild  climate  of  Texas  to  keep 


580 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861-’ 92 


comfortably  well.  Colonel  Tourtellotte’s  death  is  a severe  loss  to  me;  we  had 
kept  up  a continuous  correspondence  from  the  time  I left  the  regiment  until 
his  end.  His  pride  in  the  regiment  was  unbounded,  and  only  equaled  by  his 
confidence  in  them  as  soldiers.  Please  say  to  our  old  comrades  that  I never 
cease  to  remember  my  association  with  them  as  one  of  the  dearest  periods  of 
my  life,  and  that  if  I cannot  be  with  them  in  person,  yet  it  is  with  pride  that 
I can  assert  down  herein  the  panhandle  of  Texas  that  I was  once  a member  of 
the  Fourth  Minnesota. 

Capt.  Wra.  F.  Wheeler  of  Company  F regretted  his  inability 
to  be  present.  “I  read  with  sorrow  of  the  death  of  Gen.  J.  E. 
Tourtellotte,  one  of  the  best  and  bravest  of  our  comrades;  he 
lived  a noble  life,  and  those  who  knew  him  best  loved  him 
most.  My  salutation  to  all  the  dear  old  comrades  who  meet 
at  your  reunion.” 

Maj.  Geo.  A.  Clarke,  Florence,  Ala.,  wrote  of  the  great  loss 
sustained  by  the  death  of  General  Tourtellotte,  and  of  his  many 
good  qualities,  and  paying  tribute  of  respect  to  his  memory. 
“God  bless  you  all,  it  will  be  a glad  day  when  I meet  you  all 
again.” 

Comrade  Wm.  M.  Davis,  also  expressing  regrets,  etc. 

The  following  named  comrades  have  died  since  our  reunion  : 
Capt.  Robert  B.  Young,  one  of  the  vicepresidents  of  the  socie- 
ty and  who  was  present  with  us  in  good  health  at  our  reunion, 
died  at  Excelsior,  Minn.,  Sept.  18,  1891,  quite  suddenly.  He 
was  seventy-seven  years  of  age,  and  had  lived  in  Minnesota 
thirty-five  years.  He  organized  and  commanded  a company 
of  volunteers  at  Belle  Plaine  previous  to  the  war,  and  with  it 
formed  a basis  for  Company  A of  our  regiment.  Because  of  sick- 
ness he  was  compelled,  much  against  his  will,  to  resign  his  com- 
mission when  we  were  besieging  Vicksburg.  He  was  one  of 
the  most  honorable  and  upright  gentlemen  we  ever  had  the 
pleasure  to  become  acquainted  with ; kind  and  generous,  he  had 
a pleasant  salutation  and  a warm  greeting  for  all.  He  was 
father  to  Lieut.  T.  M.  Young  of  Company  A. 

Samuel  B.  Brown  of  Company  B died  at  Brownton,  Minn., 
on  Dec.  27,  1891,  from  the  infirmities  of  old  age.  Deceased 
was  born  at  East  Andover,  N.  Id.,  Oct.  6,  1811,  was  a resident 
of  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  for  many  years,  removed  to  Dixon  and  then 
to  Freeport,  III.;  came  to  McLeod  county,  Minnesota,  during 


1861-’ 92]  MINNESOTA  INEANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


581 


the  spring  of  1857;  volunteered,  and  joined  the  regiment  at 
Huntsville,  Ala.;  engaged  with  it  in  the  battle  of  Allatoona, 
Ga.,  and  served  in  the  regiment  until  its  final  muster-out.  He 
was  father  to  A.  L.  and  C.  H.  Brown  of  Company  B of  this 
regiment  and  Alfred  A.  C.  Brown  of  Company  L,  First  Minne- 
sota Heavy  Artillery. 


APPENDIX. 


The  Ram  Fleet  and  Marine  Brigade — Pay  Tables  of  Officers  and  Enlisted 
Men — List  of  Battles  and  Record  of  Events- — Number  of  Troops  Furnished 
by  the  States  for  the  Union  Army — Total  Number  of  Men  in  the  Union 
Army  at  Different  Times — Aggregate  Force  of  the  Union  Armies  — Con- 
federate Forces  Surrendered  at  the  Close  of  the  War — Poem,  “What  Did 
the  Privates  Do?  ” 

The  Ram  Fleet  and  Marine  Brigade. 

The  following  was  furnished  us  by  Capt.  F.  V.  De  Coster, 
and  we  copied  from  the  proceedings  of  the  “ Society  of  the  Ram 
Fleet  and  Marine  Brigade:” 

THE  RAM  FLEET. 

This  branch  of  the  service  was  organized  under  the  auspices  of  the  War  De- 
partment, although  intended  to  co-operate  with  the  navy  in  rescuing  the  Mis- 
sissippi river  and  lower  tributaries  from  the  rebels,  and  driving  their  vessels  from 
its  waters.  The  fleet  was  fitted  out  in  the  spring  of  1862,  on  the  Ohio,  under 
the  personal  supervision  of  Charles  Ellet,  Jr.,  a civil  engineer  of  Philadelphia, 
and  consisted  of  six  ordinary  steamboats  remodeled  by  removal  of  the  greater 
portions  of  cabins  and  protecting  boilers  and  engines  by  heavy  bulkheading, 
making  their  prows  sharp,  solid  and  strong  for  running  down  the  enemy. 
The  six  rams  were  the  Queen  of  the  West  (flagship),  Monarch,  Switzerland, 
Lioness,  Lancaster  and  Horner.  This  fleet,  each  vessel  manned  by  a select 
crew  and  one  army  officer  and  a squad  of  six  or  eight  men  (detailed  from  the 
Fifty-ninth  Illinois  Infantry  for  this  service)  under  command  of  (then)  Col. 
Charles  Ellet,  reached  the  front  soon  after  the  taking  of  Island  No.  10,  assisted 
in  the  operations  resulting  in  the  fall  of  Fort  Pillow,  pursuit  of  the  rebel  boats 
to  Memphis,  the  great  naval  engagement  there  (in  which  the  rams  took  a con- 
spicuous part  and  Colonel  Ellet  received  his  death  wound),  and  in  all  subse- 
quent operations  at  and  below  Vicksburg,  on  the  Yazoo  and  Red  rivers  and 
through  the  remainder  of  the  year  1862,  when  the  rebel  craft  having  been  anni- 
hilated on  these  waters  and  the  demand  being  for  a patrolling  river  service, 
Col.  Alfred  W.  Ellet  (who  had  been  promoted  to  the  command  after  his 
brother’s  death)  was  empowered  to  proceed  north  and  enlist  and  organize  a 
brigade  for  service  on  the  river,  and  to  fit  out  transport  steamers  specially  for 
this  service. 

THE  MARINE  BRIGADE. 

Near  the  close  of  the  year  (1862)  General  Ellet  (now  commissioned  a briga- 
dier general)  established  recruiting  headquarters  in  St.  Louis,  and  rapidly 


1861-’ 92]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


583 


gathered  the  desired  command,  being  authorized  to  re-enlist  convalescents  at 
camps  and  barracks  not  able  to  endure  fatiguing  marches  but  not  subject  to 
discharge,  for  this  less  fatiguing  though  not  less  hazardous  service.  Meantime 
suitable  vessels  of  large  carrying  capacity  had  been  purchased  and  were  being 
prepared  by  light  bulkheading,  around  both  decks  and  cabins,  and  suitably 
arranged  in  the  interior  for  quarters  for  infantry,  cavalry  and  artillery.  These 
vessels  — the  Autocrat  (flagship),  Diana,  Baltic,  Raine,  Adams  and  Woodford 
(hospital  and  supply  steamers) — were  brought  to  St.  Louis,  and  the  force,  con- 
sisting of  one  full  regiment  of  infantry,  a battalion  (four  companies)  of  cavalry 
and  a field  battery,  was  embarked  thereon,  March  12,  1863.  The  Minnesota 
Marine  Brigade  at  once  repaired  to  lower  waters  and  actively  co-operated  in 
land  movements,  and  patrolled  the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries  from  the 
Tennessee  river  to  New  Orleans,  having  frequent  encounters  with  rebel  bat- 
teries brought  to  the  river  to  interrupt  transports,  and  many  engagements  with 
guerrilla  commands  on  shore.  This  active  service  continued,  the  vessels  some- 
times widely  separated  and  on  special  duties,  and  sometimes  the  entire  com- 
mand together,  until  after  the  fall  of  Vicksburg,  and  the  collapse  of  the  west- 
ern end  of  the  Confederacy.  The  organization  having  accomplished  its  mission, 
was  disembarked  at  Vicksburg  in  the  fall  of  1864,  and  after  some  delay  dis- 
banded, and  the  line  officers  and  enlisted  men  mustered  out,  a part  of  the 
general  officers  resigning  and  apart  being  assigned  to  duty  in  other  places. 

The  light  bulkheading  of  these  boats  consisted  of  two-inch  oak  planking  as  a 
protection  against  rifle  shots,  but  which  was  worse  than  nothing  against  artill- 
ery, because  the  splinters  and  pieces  of  plank  would  wound  as  many,  or  more, 
than  shells  would. 


Pay  of  Officers  and  Enlisted  Men. 

It  was  against  the  law  and  the  positive  orders  of  the  War  De- 
partment for  an  officer  to  keep  a soldier  out  of  the  ranks,  and 
from  his  duty  to  cook  and  vrait  upon  him  as  his  servant.  Sol- 
diers were  paid  to  do  military  duty  for  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment and  not  to  groom  officers’  horses.  A part  of  an  officer’s 
pay  was  for  employing  a servant,  provided  he  employed  one. 
And  whenever  an  officer  received  his  pay,  he  signed  a certifi- 
cate like  the  following,  which  was  printed  on  all  pay  rolls;  and 
an  officer’s  certificate  being  his  oath,  swore  as  follows: 

We  certify  on  honor,  that  we  actually  employed  the  servants,  and  owned 
and  kept  in  service  the  horses  for  which  we  have  received  payment,  for  the 
whole  of  the  time  charged,  and  did  not  during  any  part  of  the  time  employ  a 
soldier  as  servant;  the  names  of  our  servants  are  below. 

We  copied  the  following  from  the  National  Tribune: 

The  pay  and  allowances  of  officers  during  the  war  varied  from  time  to  time, 
according  to  the  arm  of  the  service  in  which  employed.  The  total  pay  of  a 


584 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861-’92 

second  lieutenant  of  artillery  or  infantry  from  the  commencement  of  the  war  to 
Aug.  6,  1861,  was  $103.50;  from  Aug.  6,  1861,  to  July  17,  1862,  $105.50;  from 
July  17,  1862,  to  March  3,  1865,  $103.50;  from  March  3,  1865,  to  April  1,  1865, 
$108.50;  from  April  1,  1865,  to  the  close  of  the  war,  $112.50.  For  the  same  peri- 
ods the  pay  of  other  line  officers  was  as  follows,  viz. : First  lieutenant  of  artil- 

lery or  infantry,  $108.50,  $110.50,  $108.50,  $113.50,  $117.50;  first  and  second 
lieutenants  of  cavalry  or  light  artillery,  $112.83,  $113.83,  $112.83,  $116.83, 
$120.83;  captains  of  artillery  or  infantry,  $118.50,  $120.50,  $118.50,  $123.50, 
$127.50;  captains  of  cavalry  or  light  artillery,  $129.50,  $130.50,  $129.50,  $133.50, 
$137.50.  Officers’  servants  pay  was,  prior  to  Aug.  1,  1861,  $11  for  artillery  or 
infantry,  and  $12  for  cavalry  or  light  artillery;  from  Aug.  6,  1861,  to  July  17, 
1862,  $13  for  all  arms;  from  July  17,  1862,  to  March  3,  1865,  same  as  prior  to 
Aug.  6,  1861;  after  March  3,  1865,  $16  for  all  arms.  Servants’  clothing  was 
$2.50  per  month  until  April  1,  1865,  and  $6.50  after  said  date.  Each  officer  was 
entitled  to  four  rations  at  thirty  cents  per  ration  until  March  1,  1865;  thereafter 
officers  serving  in  the  field  were  entitled  to  fifty  cents  per  ration.  The  pay 
proper  of  line  officers  of  cavalry  or  light  artillery  was  as  follows:  Captain,  $70; 

first  or  second  lieutenant,  $53.33;  of  infantry  or  artillery  captain,  $60;  first  lieu- 
tenant, $50 ; second  lieutenant,  $45.  Thus  to  determine  the  exact  amount  due  any 
officer  mentioned  above  take  the  pay  proper  and  add  commutation  for  subsist- 
ence and  servant,  which  will  give  the  total  pay.  For  instance,  for  the  period 
between  July  17,  1862,  and  March  3,  1865,  we  find  the  total  pay,  etc.,  of  a 
captain  of  infantry  to  be  $118.50  per  month.  This  amount  arose  as  follows: 
Pay  proper,  $60  per  month;  four  rations  a day  at  30  cents  per  ration,  $1.20  per 
day  or  $36  per  month;  servant,  one  ration,  $9  per  month;  his  pay,  $11;  his 
clothing,  $2.50;  total  for  servant,  $22.50;  total  pay,  etc.,  for  captain  of  infantry, 
$118.50.  One  servant  was  allowed  to  each  officer  of  the  grades  before  men- 
tioned; $10  extra  per  month  was  allowed  to  all  company  officers,  in  addition 
to  the  pay,  etc.,  above  mentioned,  for  responsibility  of  arms,  etc.,  when  such 
officer  was  in  actual  command  of  a company  and  responsible  for  such  property. 

The  pay  was  increased  some  time  after  March  3,  1865,  so 
that  a captain  of  infantry  in  command  of  a company  received 
one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  a month. 

Pay  of  Field  and  Staff  Officers. 

The  pay  per  month  of  a colonel  during  the  war  was  $95, 
and  he  was  allowed  six  rations  and  two  servants;  of  a lieuten- 
ant colonel,  $80,  five  rations,  two  servants;  of  a major,  $70,  four 
rations  and  two  servants.  A regimental  adjutant  and  also 
quartermaster  each  received  $10  per  month  additional  to  pay 
as  a lieutenant,  and  each  also  $6  for  forage.  A colonel  also 
drew  $12,  a lieutenant  colonel  $11  and  a major  $10,  for  forage. 
A regimental  surgeon  received  $80  and  pay  for  four  rations 


1861-’92] 


MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


585 


and  two  servants  and  $10  for  forage.  An  assistant  surgeon, 
$53^,  four  rations,  one  servant  and  $10  for  forage. 


PAY  OF  ENLISTED  MEN  MAY  1st. 


Rank. 

1861. 

1864. 

Sergeant  Major 

$21.00 
21  00 

$26.00 
22  00 

21  00 

22 ' 00 

Regimental  Hospital  Steward 

22.00 

33.00 

21 .00 

22.00 

20.00 

24.00 

17.00 

20.00 

13.00 

18.00 

Wagoner 

14.00 

18.00 

Musician 

12.00 

16.00 

Private , . 

11.00 

16.00 

The  pa}^  of  hospital  steward  was  increased  on  April  16, 1862, 
to  thirty  dollars,  and  the  pay  of  private  was  increased  on  Aug. 
6,  1861,  to  thirteen  dollars  per  month. 


List  of  Battles  and  Record  of  Events. 

1861  — March  4th — Abraham  Lincoln  inaugurated  President. 

April  12th  — Fort  Sumter  tired  upon April  14th  — 

Fort  Sumter  evacuated  by  Maj.  Robert  Anderson,  the  garri- 
son (one  hundred  and  nine  men)  withdrawing  to  the  fleet  out- 
side the  harbor  and  carrying  their  flag  with  them April 

15th  — Proclamation  of  President  Lincoln  calling  out  the  mi- 
litia of  the  states  for  three  months’ service  to  the  number  of 
seventy-five  thousand  and  also  calling  f >r  a session  of  congress 

to  meet  July  4,  1861 April  18th  — Harper’s  Ferry  evacuated 

by  United  States  forces  after  burning  the  arsenal  and  armory. 

April  19th — A mob  in  Baltimore  assail  the  Sixth  Massa- 
chusetts while  on  its  way  to  Washington,  causing  the  first 
bloodshed  of  the  war,  with  the  exception  of  that  caused  in 

Sumter  by  an  accidental  explosion  of  ammunition May 

3d — President  Lincoln  called  for  sixty-four  thousand  volun- 
teers to  serve  “during  the  war”  and  eighteen  thousand  for  the 
navy June  10th  — Battle  of  Bethel.  Va.;  Federals  defeated. 

38* 


5SG 


HISTORY  OF  THE. FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861-’92 


June  11th  — Lew  Wallace  and  his  command  of  some  Indi- 
ana troops  defeats  the  rebels  at  Romney,  Ya June  15th  — 

Harper’s  Ferry  evacuated  by  the  rebels July  4th  — Congress 

assembled  and  on  July  10th  authorized  the  President  to  raise 
five  hundred  thousand  more  troops  and  appropriated  five  hun- 
dred million  dollars July  21st  — Battle  of'Bull  Run,  Va.,  nine 

hours’  severe  fighting;  Federals  defeated August  10th  — 

Battle  of  Wilson’s  Creek  (Oak  Hills),  Mo.;  General  L37on  killed. 
September  10th  — Battle  of  Conifex  Ferry,  Ya Septem- 
ber 20th  — Col.  J.  A.  Mulligan,  after  resisting  Price’s  forces 
from  September  12th,  was  forced  to  surrender  his  force  at  Lex- 
ington, Mo October  21st  — Battle  of  Balls  Bluff,  Ya. ; Col. 

E.  D.  Baker  killed November  7th  — Federal  gunboats  and 

a land  force  under  General  Grant  attack  Columbus,  Ivy.  The 

Federals  withdraw.  Port  Royal,  S.  C.,  taken November 

8th — Seizure  of  Mason  and  Slidell  on  the  Trent  off  the  north- 
ern coast  of  Cuba,  by  Captain  Wilkes. 

3862  — January  1st  — Mason  and  Slidell  given  up Janu- 

ary 7th  — Battle  near  Prestonburg,  Ky.,  between  troops  under 

Garfield  and  Marshall January  19th  — Battle  of  Mill  Spring, 

Ky.  General  Zollicoffer  killed February  6th  — Fort  Henry, 

Tenn.,  taken February  8th  — Roanoke  Island,  S.  C.,  taken 

February  16th  — Fort  Donelson,  Tenn.,  surrendered 

February  26th  — Union  army  takes  possession  of  Nashville, 

Tenn March  7th  — Battle  of  Pea  Ridge,  Ark March 

8th  — The  rebel  ram  Merrimac  attacked  the  Union  fleet  at 
Newport  News,  Ya.,  and  sank  and  disabled  several  vessels;  the 

Federal  monitor  arrived  in  the  night March  9th  — The 

monitor  attacked  the  Merrimac  and  disabled  it  and  the  latter 

fled  up  to  Norfolk March  14th  — The  rebels  evacuated 

New  Madrid  last  night  and  Pope’s  army  entered  to-day 

April  6th — Generals  Albert  Sidney  Johnston  and  W.  H.  L. 

Wallace  killed April  6th  and  7th  — Battle  of  Shiloh 

April  7th — Island  No.  10  captured April  12th  — Halleck 

arrived  at  Pittsburgh  Landing  and  took  command  of  the  army. 

Fort  Purnski,  Ga.,  surrendered April  25th  — New  Orleans 

captured;  Beaufort,  N.  C.,  captured May  4th  — York- 

town,  Va.,  taken May  10th  — Norfolk,  Ya.,  surrendered 


1861-92]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS. 


587 


May  25th  — Banks’  forces  at  Winchester,  Va.,  defeated 

by  the  rebels May  30th  — Corinth,  Miss.,  evacuated  and 

was  occupied  by  the  Union  army May  31st  — Battle  of 

Seven  Pines,  Ya June  6th  — Battle  between  the  gunboats 

off  Memphis,  and  Memphis,  Tenn.,  surrendered June  19th 

— House  of  Representatives  passed  a bill  confiscating  slaves  of 

rebels June  25th — SevenDays’ Battles,  June  25th  to  Jul}7 1st. 

July  1st  — President  Lincoln  called  for  three  hundred  thousand 
more  men August  9th  — Battle  of  Cedar  Mountain Au- 

gust 10th  — General  Steele’s  army  set  out  from  Helena  for  Lit- 
tle Rock,  Ark August  29th  and  31st  — Second  battle  of  Bull 

Run August  30th — Battle  of  Richmond,  Ky September 

1st  — Battle  of  Chantilly,  Va September  7th  — Lee  with  his 

army  in  Maryland September  10th  — Steele’s  army  occupy 

Little  Rock,  Ark September  14th  — Battle  of  South  Moun- 
tain, Md.;  General  Reno  killed September  15th  — Harper’s 

Ferry  surrendered. .....September  17th  — Battle  of  Antietam 

September  19th  — Battle  of  Iuka,  Miss September  22d 

— President  Lincoln  issued  a proclamation  declaring  that  all 

slaves  of  rebels  should  be  free  on  Jan  1,  1863 October  3d 

and  4th — Battle  of  Corinth,  Miss October  8th  — Battle  of 

Perryvilie,  Ky October  30th  — Rosecrans  supersedes  Buell 

November  7th  — General  McClellan  directed  to  turn  over 

his  command  to  General  Burnside December  13th — Battle 

of  Fredericksburg,  Ya December  29th  — First  attack  by 

General  Sherman’s  troops  on  Vicksburg December  31st, 

1862,  to  Jan.  2, 1863 — Battle  of  Murfreesboro  or  Stone’s  River, 
Tenn. 

1863  — January  1st  — Emancipation  Proclamation;  Stone’s 

River,  Tenn January  11th  — Arkansas  Post  taken 

January  26th  — Burnside  superseded  by  Hooker April 

7th  — Fort  Sumter,  S.  C.,  bombarded  by  fleet May 

1st  to  17th  — Grant’s  campaign  from  Fort  Gibson  to 

Vicksburg May  2d  and  3d  — Battle  of  Chancellorsville, 

Va May  2d  — Stonewall  Jackson  shot June  19th  — 

West  Virginia  admitted  to  the  Union June  27th  — Burn- 

side resigned  his  command  and  on  June  28th  was  succeeded 
by  General  Meade July  1st  to  3d  — Battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


5S8 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861 -’92 


July  4th  — Vicksburg,  Miss.,  surrendered;  Confederate 

forces  assault  Helena,  Ark.,  and  Union  army,  under  General 

Prentiss,  defeats  them July  8th  — Port  Hudson  surrendered 

July  13th  to  16th — Draft  riot  in  New  York  City July 

14th  — Mississippi  river  open  to  the  Gulf August  21st  — 

Quantrell’s  massacre  at  Lawrence,  Kan September  7th  — 

Fort  Wagner,  S.  C.,  taken September  9th  — Battle  of 

Cumberland  Gap,  Tenn September  19th  and  20th — Battleof 

Chickamauga,  Ga October  23d  — General  Grant  arrived  at 

Chattanooga,  and  succeeded  Rosecrans  in  command No- 

vember 24th  and  25th  — Battle  of  Chattanooga,  Missionary 
Ridge. 

1864  — February  20th  — Battle  of  Olustee,  Fla .March 

14th  — Fort  De  Russey  captured April  12th  — Fort  Pil- 

low, Tenn.,  captured,  and  the  colored  troops  massacred  — May 
5th  — Butler  and  his  army  landed  at  Bermuda  Hundred  — May 

5th  and  6th  — Battle  of  the  Wilderness,  Va May  8th  to  12th 

Battle  of  Spottsyl vania May  14th  and  15th  — Battle  of 

Resaca,  Ga May  15th — Battle  of  New  Market May  25th 

to  28th — Battle  of  Dallas  — June  3d  — Battle  of  Cold  Harbor, 

Va June  15th — Battle  of  Lost  Mountain June  19th  — 

Battle  between  Kearsarge  and  Alabama;  the  latter  sunk 

June  27th  — Battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain July  9th  — Battle 

of  Monocacj',  Md July  20th,  22d  and  28th — Battles  before 

Atlanta,  Ga July  30th  — Chambersburg,  Pa.,  burned;  mine 

explosion,  Petersburg,  Va August  5th  — Farragut  entered 

Mobile  bay August  18th  — Weldon  railroad  taken Sep- 
tember 2d  — Atlanta,  Ga.,  taken  possession  of September 

19th  — Battle  of  Fisher’s  Hill,  Va October  5th  — Battle  of 

Allatoona,  Ga Battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  Va October  31st 

— Nevada  admitted  to  Union November  30tli  — Battleof 

Franklin,  Tenn December  13th  — Ft.  McAllister,  Ga.,  taken 

December  15th  and  16th — Battle  of  Nashville,  Tenn 

December  21st  — Enemy  evacuate  and  Sherman’s  army  oc- 
cupies Savannah,  Ga. 

1865  — January  15th  — Fort  Fisher,  N.  C.,  taken Febru- 

ary 1st  — General  Sherman’s  army  starts  north  from  Savannah, 
Ga February  17th  — Columbia,  S.  C.,  taken February 


1861-’ 92]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS.  589 

18th — Charleston,  S.  C.,  taken  possession  of March  15th  and 

18th  — Battles  of  Averysboro  and  Bentonville,  N.  C March 

25th  — Attack  on  Fort  Steadman,  Ya April  1st  — Battle  of 

Five  Forks,  Va April  2d — Wilson’s  cavalry  occupy  Selma, 

Ala April  2d  and  3d  — Petersburg  and  Richmond,  Ya., 

taken April  9th  — Lee’s  army  surrendered April  9th 

— Works  at  Blakeley,  Ala.,  assaulted  and  carried;  last  assault 

during  the  war  against  fortifications April  10th  and  11th  — 

Mobile  evacuated April  12th — Wilson’s  cavalry  occupy 

Montgomery,  Ala April  14th  — President  Lincoln  assassin- 
ated  April  26th  — Johnston’s  army  surrendered May 

10th — Jefferson  Davis  captured May  13th  — Last  battle  of 

the  war  on  the  Rio  Grande  river  in  Texas ..May  14th  — 

Gen.  Dick  Taylor  surrendered  the  forces  east  of  the  Mississippi 

river May  16th — Wilson’s  cavalry  occupy  Columbus,  Ga. 

May  24th  — Gen.  Kirby  Smith  surrendered  the  rebel 

forces  west  of  the  Mississippi  river  to  Gen.  E.  R.  S.  Canby. 

Calls  for  Troops. 

1861  — Lincoln  called  upon  the  governors  of  the  several 

states  for  seventy-five  thousand  militia  for  three  months 

May  3d  a second  call  was  made  for  42,034  volunteers  for  three 
years  — 22,714  men  for  the  regular  army  and  eighteen  thousand 

seamen On  July  22d,  25th  and  31st  Congress  authorized 

the  President  to  accept  not  exceeding  one  million  volun- 
teers for  periods  from  six  months  to  three  years.  No  for- 
mal call  was  made,  but  men  came  forward  promptly  under 
these  acts,  which  were  regarded  in  the  apportionment  of 
quotas  as  a call  for  five  hundred  thousand  men  for  three  years. 

1862  — On  July  2d  a call  was  made  for  three  hundred  thous- 
and volunteers  for  three  years,  and  on  August  4th  a draft  was 
ordered  for  three  hundred  thousand  men  for  nine  months  to 

be  made  by  the  state  authorities  from  the  militia Congress 

passed  an  act  on  March  3,  1863,  providing  for  enrolling  and 

’ drafting  of  the  militia  forces  of  the  states  and  created  the 
bureau  of  the  provost  marshal  general  for  the  purpose  of 
carrying  this  measure  into  effect.  It  was  the  enforcement  of 
this  draft  that  caused  the  riot  in  New  York  City.  A call  was 


590 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861-’ 92 


made  for  three  hundred  thousand  men  on  October  17th  to 
serve  three  years,  and  on  Feb.  1 and  March  14,  1864,  two 
more  calls  were  made  for  two  hundred  thousand  men,  each  for 

three  years.  In  April  a draft  was  made  to  till  these  calls 

On  July  18,  1864,  another  call  was  made  for  five  hundred 
thousand  men  for  one,  two  and  three  years.  And  on  the 
nineteenth  of  December  another  one  was  made  for  three  hun- 


dred thousand  for  the  same  periods.  These  calls  were  suc- 
ceeded by  drafts.  Recruiting  was  stopped  April  13,  1865. 

The  number  of  troops  furnished  by  the  various  states  to  the 
Union  army  were  as  follows: 


Maine 70,107 

New  Hampshire 33,937 

Vermont 33,288 

Massachusetts  146,730 

Rhode  Island 23,236 

Connecticut  55,864 

New  York 448,850 

New  Jersey 76.814 

Pennsylvania 337,936 

Delaware 12,281 

Maryland  46,638 

West  Virginia 32,068 

District  of  Columbia 16,534 

Ohio 313,180 

Indiana 196,363 

Illinois 259,092 

Michigan 87,364 

Wisconsin 91,327 

Minnesota 24,020 

Iowa 76,242 

Missouri 109,111 

Kentucky 75,760 


Kansas 20,149 

Tennessee 31,092 

Arkansas 8,289 

North  Carolina 3,156 

California 15,725 

Nevada 1,080 

Oregon 1,810 

Washington  Territory 964 

Colorado 4,903 

Nebraska 3,157 

Dakota  Territory 206 

New  Mexico  Territory 6,561 

Alabama 2,576 

Florida 1,290 

Louisiana 5,224 

Mississippi 545 

Texas 1,965 

Indian  Nation 3,530 

Colored  Troops 186,097 


Total 2,865,064 


Another  Table. 


The  greatest  number  of  Union  soldiers  at  any  one  time  during  the  war  was 
on  May  1,  1865,  when  the  grand  total  of  present  and  absent  volunteers  and 
regulars  amounted  to  1,000,516.  The  number  of  troops  in  the  service  at  vari- 
ous other  times  was  as  follows:  Jan.  1,  1863,  918,191;  Jan.  1,  1864,  860,737; 
Jan.  1,  1865,  959,460;  March  31,  1865,  980,086.  The  total  number  of  troops 
furnished  during  the  war,  from  first  to  last,  was  2,778,304. 

Aggregate  Force  of  the  Union  Armies  March  1,  1865. 


Available  force  present  for  duty 602,953 

On  detached  service  in  the  different  military  departments 132,538  , 

In  field  hospitals  or  unfit  for  duty 35,628 

In  general  hospitals  or  on  sick  leave  at  home 143,419 

Absent  on  furlough  or  as  prisoners  of  war 31,695 

Absent  without  leave 19,683 


Grand  aggregate 


965,916 


1861-’92]  MINNESOTA  INFANTRY  VOLUNTEERS.  591 

Confederate  Forces  Surrendered  to  the  United  States  at  the  Close 

of  the  War. 

Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  Gen.  R.  E.  Lee 27,805 

Army  of  Tennessee,  Gen.  J.  E.  Johnston 31,243 

Army  of  Missouri,  Gen.  Jeff.  Thompson 7,978 

Army  of  Alabama,  Lieut.  Gen.  Dick  Taylor 42,293 

Army  of  Trans-Mississippi,  Gen.  E.  Kirby  Smith 17,686 

Paroled  in  Department  of  Virginia 9,072 

Paroled  at  Cumberland,  Maryland,  and  other  stations  9,377 

Paroled  in  Alabama  and  Florida  by  General  McCook 6,428 

Paroled  in  the  Department  of  Washington 3,390 

Paroled  in  Virginia,  Tennessee,  Georgia,  Alabama,  Louisiana  and  Texas.  13,922 
Surrendered  at  Nashville  and  Chattanooga  5,029 


Total 174,223 

Confederate  prisoners  in  Federal  custody  at  the  close  of  the  war 98,802 


Total 273,025 

We  have  no  record  of  the  large  number  of  rebel  soldiers  that 
deserted  previous  to  the  surrender.  Large  numbers  of  them 
surrendered  at  their  homes  and  were  there  paroled,  and  took 
the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  United  States. 

what  did  the  privates  do  ? 

Our  dailies  teem  with  daring  deeds, 

And  books  are  filled  with  fame, 

Brass  bands  will  play  and  cannons  roar, 

In  honor  of  the  name 
Of  men  who  held  commissions,  and 
Were  honest,  brave  and  true. 

But  still  the  question  comes  to  me, 

What  did  the  privates  do  ? 

Who  were  the  men  to  guard  the  camp 
When  foes  were  hovering  round? 

Who  dug  the  graves  of  comrades  dear? 

Who  laid  them  in  the  ground? 

Who  sent  the  dying  message  home 
To  those  he  never  knew  ? 

If  officers  did  all  of  this 
What  did  the  privates  do? 

Who  were  the  men  to  fill  the  place 
Of  comrades  slain  in  strife? 

Who  were  the  men  to  risk  their  own 
To  save  a comrade’s  life? 

Who  was  it  lived  on  salted  pork, 

And  bread  too  hard  to  chew  ? 

If  officers  did  this  alone 
What  did  the  privates  do? 


592 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT 


[1861-’92 


Who  laid  in  pits  on  rainy  nights 
All  eager  for  the  fray? 

Who  marched  beneath  a scorching  sun 
Through  many  a toilsome  day  ? 

Who  paid  the  settler  double  price, 

And  scanty  rations  drew? 

If  officers  get  all  the  praise, 

Then  what  did  privates  do  ? 

All  honor  to  the  brave  old  boys 
Who  rallied  at  the  call — 

Without  regard  to  name  or  rank 
We  honor  one  and  all. 

They’re  passing  over  one  by  one, 

And  soon  they’ll  all  be  gone 

To  where  the  books  will  surely  show 
Just  what  the  privates  done. 

— J.  S.  Ellis, in  National  Tribune. 


I 


ADDENDUM 


To  the  Account  of  the  Battle  of  Allatoona. 


The  following  was  received  from  J.  Willard  Brown,  his- 
torian of  the  Signal  Corps,  too  late  for  insertion  in  its  proper 
place : 

Amherst,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  10,  1892. 

Capt.  A.  L.  Brown , Brownton,  Minn.: 

Dear  Sir:  I inclose  a few  of  the  most  important  messages  transmitted 
during  the  first  days  of  October,  1864.  I remember  of  reading  in  some  paper, 
a few  years  ago,  that  there  was  not  the  slightest  foundation  in  any  message  ever 
sent  to  Corse  for  the  song  “Hold  the  Fort,”  except  in  the  brain  of  the  poet. 
You  will  see  that  there  were  two  messages,  either  of  which  would  have  fur- 
nished a sufficient  text  for  the  song.  I would  be  glad  to  send  you  more  copies 
of  messages  if  I were  not  so  pressed  for  time.  You  may  rely  on  their  correct- 
ness and  authenticity,  as  I have  the  original  papers,  written  on  the  spot  in  Oc- 
tober, 1864,  kindly  loaned  to  me  by  Capt.  J.  M.  McClintock,  now  of  Tacoma, 
Wash.,  chief  signal  officer  in  charge  of  the  stations  in  the  vicinity  of  Kenesaw 
at  that  time.  Very  truly  yours, 

J.  Willard  Brown. 

Allatoona,  6 p.  m.,  Oct.  1,  1864. 

Captain  Bachtell,  Chief  Signal  Officer  Army  of  Tennessee:  All  quiet  at  Alla- 
toona to-night.  J.  Q.  Adams, 

Signal  Officer. 

Lieut.  Charles  H.  Fish,  on  Kenesaw,  sent  the  following: 

2 p.  M.,  Oct.  3,  1864. 

Operator  at  Allatoona:  Inquire  by  telegraph  of  Cartersville,  Kingston  and 

Borne,  if  there  is  any  news  there.  W.  T.  Sherman, 

Major  General. 

Kenesaw'  Mt.,  7 p.  m.,  Oct.  3 d. 

Commanding  Officers  Allatoona , Kingston  and  Home:  The  enemy  is  moving  on 
Allatoona,  thence  to  Rome.  General  Sherman. 

(This  message  was  delayed  on  account  of  the  fog.) 

KENESAWr,  2 p.  m.  , Oct.  Mh. 

Commanding  Officer  Allatoona:  “ Sherman  is  moving  in  force.  Hold  out.” 

General  Vandever. 


594 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FOURTH  REGIMENT  [1861-’ 92 


KENESAW  Mt.,  8:30  P.  M.,  Oct.  4th. 

Commanding  Officer  AUatoona:  General  Sherman  says:  “Hold  fast,  we  are 

coming.”  General  Yandevee. 

Kenesaw  Mt.,  8 a.  m.,  Oct.  5th. 

Called  Allatoona  for  two  and  one-half  hours.  Asked  for  the  news,  and  at 
10:35  A.  M.  received  the  following:  “We  hold  out;  General  Corse  here.” 

J.  W.  McKenzie, 

Acting  Signal  Officer. 

Kenesaw,  4 p.  m.,  Oct.  5th. 

At  4 p.  M.  again  called  Allatoona  and  at  4:15  received  the  following:  “We 

still  hold  out;  General  Corse  is  wounded.”  J . W.  McKenzie. 

General  Sherman’s  comments  in  his  “Memoirs”  would  be 
interesting  reading  at  this  point. 


ERRATA. 


On  page  25,  read  F.  M.  Beedle  instead  of  F.  W.  Beedle. 

On  page  25,  read  G.  W.  Gilson  instead  of  G.  1ST.  Gilson. 

On  page  40,  read  Anderson  D.  Nelson  instead  of  D.  Ander- 
son Nelson. 

On  page  198,  read  (24,  1,  750)  instead  of  (34,  1,  750.) 

On  page  306,  read  French’s  instead  of  Boring’s. 

On  page  466,  read  Cahawba  instead  of  Catawba. 

On  page  468,  read  Gilman  instead  of  Gillman. 

On  page  494,  read  Reuben  J.  Chewning  instead  of  Ruben  J. 
Chewning. 


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